Absolute Population Research Articles

Population of the Metastable A3Σu State of Molecular Nitrogen under Conditions of Plasma Chemical Synthesis of Metal Nitrides

The absolute population of the B3Πg state of molecular nitrogen is calculated from the intensity of electron-vibrational bands of the first positive system. The absolute population of the metastable A3Σu state of nitrogen molecules is calculated based on the solution of the balance equation. It is established that the population of the metastable state of molecular nitrogen increases with a decrease in the pressure and increase in the current intensity of the glow discharge. The results of determining the population of the A3Σu state of nitrogen molecules under conditions of simultaneous excitation of glow and vacuum arc discharges are presented.

Cycle of Care for people with diabetes: an equitable initiative?

Background: Structured management of uncomplicated diabetes in primary care constitutes good quality diabetes care. The cycle of care is a national initiative that financially remunerates general practitioners to provide structured diabetes care for people with type 2 diabetes. However, eligibility for the cycle of care is limited to those with means-tested public health insurance. We investigate the national coverage of the cycle of care and describe the socio-demographic and clinical profile of those eligible and non-eligible for the initiative. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of The Irish LongituDinal study on Ageing (TILDA) Wave 1 was conducted. Type 2 diabetes was defined using self-reported doctor-diagnosis of diabetes, age at diagnosis and use of insulin/oral hypoglycaemic agents. Findings were applied to the 2016 Irish census figures to estimate the absolute population eligible and non-eligible for the cycle of care. Pearson’s chi-square test was used to compare the profiles of those eligible and non-eligible for the initiative. Results: Of the 8,107 TILDA participants, 609 had type 2 diabetes (7.9% [95%CI: 7.3%, 8.5%]) and 31.6% (95%CI: 27.8, 35.6) of these were not eligible for the cycle of care. Applying these estimates to census data, an estimated 36,567 (95%CI: 32,170, 41,196) individuals aged ≥50 years with type 2 diabetes in Ireland are not eligible for the initiative. Those not eligible were less likely to be on insulin and more likely to be managing their diabetes without medication. Conclusions: Nearly one-third of people with type 2 diabetes aged ≥50 years are not eligible for the cycle of care and appear to fit the outlined criteria for uncomplicated diabetes which can be appropriately managed in primary care. Financial barriers to managing uncomplicated diabetes in primary care exist. It is essential that the cycle of care is extended to all those likely to benefit from regular structured diabetes management.

Заселенность метастабильного состояния A^3Sigma-=SUB=-u-=/SUB=- молекулярного азота в условиях плазмохимического синтеза нитридов металлов

AbstractThe absolute population of the B ^3Π_ g state of molecular nitrogen is calculated from the intensity of electron-vibrational bands of the first positive system. The absolute population of the metastable A ^3Σ_ u state of nitrogen molecules is calculated based on the solution of the balance equation. It is established that the population of the metastable state of molecular nitrogen increases with a decrease in the pressure and increase in the current intensity of the glow discharge. The results of determining the population of the A ^3Σ_ u state of nitrogen molecules under conditions of simultaneous excitation of glow and vacuum arc discharges are presented.

How frequency-dependent selection affects population fitness, maladaptation and evolutionary rescue.

Frequency‐dependent (FD) selection is a central process maintaining genetic variation and mediating evolution of population fitness. FD selection has attracted interest from researchers in a wide range of biological subdisciplines, including evolutionary genetics, behavioural ecology and, more recently, community ecology. However, the implications of frequency dependence for applied biological problems, particularly maladaptation, biological conservation and evolutionary rescue remain underexplored. The neglect of FD selection in conservation is particularly unfortunate. Classical theory, dating back to the 1940s, demonstrated that frequency dependence can either increase or decrease population fitness. These evolutionary consequences of FD selection are relevant to modern concerns about population persistence and the capacity of evolution to alleviate extinction risks. But exactly when should we expect FD selection to increase versus decrease absolute fitness and population growth? And how much of an impact is FD selection expected to have on population persistence versus extinction in changing environments? The answers to these questions have implications for evolutionary rescue under climate change and may inform strategies for managing threatened populations. Here, we revisit the core theory of FD selection, reviewing classical single‐locus models of population genetic change and outlining short‐ and long‐run consequences of FD selection for the evolution of population fitness. We then develop a quantitative genetic model of evolutionary rescue in a deteriorating environment, with population persistence hinging upon the evolution of a quantitative trait subject to both frequency‐dependent and frequency‐independent natural selection. We discuss the empirical literature pertinent to this theory, which supports key assumptions of our model. We show that FD selection can promote population persistence when it aligns with the direction of frequency‐independent selection imposed by abiotic environmental conditions. However, under most scenarios of environmental change, FD selection limits a population's evolutionary responsiveness to changing conditions and narrows the rate of environmental change that is evolutionarily tolerable.

Previous Drug Exposure in Patients Hospitalised for Acute Liver Injury: A Case-Population Study in the French National Healthcare Data System.

Acute liver injury (ALI) is a major reason for stopping drug development or removing drugs from the market. Hospitalisation for ALI is relatively rare for marketed drugs, justifying studies in large-scale databases such as the nationwide Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS), which covers 99% of the French population. SNDS was queried over 2010-2014 for all hospital admissions for acute toxic liver injuries not associated with a possible other cause, using a case-population approach. Exposures of interest were drugs dispensed from 7 to 60days before date of admission. Individual drugs were analysed by their frequency (if five or more cases) and by the ratio of exposed cases to the number of exposed subjects and to exposed patient-time in the general population over the same timeframe. Over 5years, 4807 cases of ALI were identified, mean age 54.5, 59% women, 76% exposed to at least one of 249 different drugs. Drugs most commonly identified were non-overdose paracetamol (31% of cases), esomeprazole or omeprazole (18%), phloroglucinol, domperidone, co-amoxiclav, furosemide, and atorvastatin (more than 250 cases each). When compared to population exposures, the highest per-person risks were observed with antimycobacterial antibiotics, with one case for 1000 or fewer users, followed by colestyramine and erythromycin (around 1/5300), antiepileptic drugs, anticoagulants, and anti-Alzheimer drugs (1/6000-1/10,000 users). When a person-time approach was considered, the drugs with the highest per-tablet risk were still the antituberculosis drugs, followed by a number of other antibiotics. This nationwide study describes drugs associated with ALI, according to absolute population burden and per-patient and per-tablet risk. Some of these associations may be spurious, others causal, and others yet were unexpected. Systematic analysis of drug classes will look for outliers within each class that could raise signals of unexpected hepatic toxicity.

Biology and Conservation of Cicindela ohlone Freitag and Kavanaugh (Coleoptera: Carabidae: Cicindelinae), the Endangered Ohlone Tiger Beetle. II. Population Ecology of Adults and Larvae and Recommended Monitoring Methods

Population ecological and monitoring results are presented for the endangered Ohlone tiger beetle, Cicindela ohlone Freitag and Kavanaugh, at six study sites near Santa Cruz, CA, covering the years 2000 through 2017. Mapping of larval burrows and nearest neighbor analysis found a highly clumped distribution pattern. The numbers of both larvae and adults exhibited substantial year-to-year fluctuations. The range of adult seasonal activity varied over the years, with extreme dates from 13 January to 21 May. Daily, study period, and generation population sizes of adults were estimated using three absolute population estimation methods: capture-recapture; frequency of capture; and repeated counts along fixed belt transect routes throughout the entire adult activity period. In a 12-day capture-recapture study, daily population estimates using four different models ranged from 35 to 146 adults, with estimated average life spans of 3.0–7.2 days. Estimated adult generation sizes using belt transect counts over the 18 years ranged from 136 to 1,025 at Glenwood, 139 to 1,000 at Marshall Field, 284 to 944 at Grey Whale, and 504 to 1,808 at Moore Creek. Temporal trends in generation sizes at these four sites were associated with land use and habitat management activities, including grazing, controlled burns, and trail use by hikers and bikers, plus annual and seasonal precipitation amounts. Results of these studies suggest that both larvae and adults should be monitored as part of adaptive management programs specifically designed for this endangered beetle.

Опыт оценки абсолютной численности популяции по распределению числа отловов в эксперименте с мечением на примере имаго перламутровок рода Boloria (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Опыт оценки абсолютной численности популяции по распределению числа отловов в эксперименте с мечением на примере имаго перламутровок рода Boloria (Insecta, Lepidoptera, Nymphalidae)

Estrutura etária e crescimento econômico: evidências no Rio Grande do Sul/Brasil (1991-2010)

O objetivo da pesquisa é analisar a relação entre a mudança na estrutura etária e o crescimento econômico no Rio Grande do Sul, a partir dos Censos Demo- gráfcos de 1991, 2000 e 2010. Utilizam-se modelos econométricos espaciais. As variáveis demográfcas foram signifcativas para a convergência da renda per capita. O aumento da densidade demográfca e a qualidade de vida da população contribuem para o crescimento econômico. O aumento absoluto da população diminui a renda per capita, enquanto a faixa etária de pessoas com idade entre 35 e 45 anos são as que mais contribuem para o aumento da renda.

Nonequilibrium time dynamics of genetic evolution.

Biological systems are typically highly open, nonequilibrium systems that are very challenging to understand from a statistical mechanics perspective. While statistical treatments of evolutionary biological systems have a long and rich history, examination of the time-dependent nonequilibrium dynamics has been less studied. In this paper we first derive a generalized master equation in the genotype space for diploid organisms incorporating the processes of selection, mutation, recombination, and reproduction. The master equation is defined in terms of continuous time and can handle an arbitrary number of gene loci and alleles and can be defined in terms of an absolute population or probabilities. We examine and analytically solve several prototypical cases which illustrate the interplay of the various processes and discuss the timescales of their evolution. The entropy production during the evolution towards steady state is calculated and we find that it agrees with predictions from nonequilibrium statistical mechanics where it is large when the population distribution evolves towards a more viable genotype. The stability of the nonequilibrium steady state is confirmed using the Glansdorff-Prigogine criterion.

Making absolute population estimates in the Intermediate Area using the area and density of ceramic sherd scatters: An application of regression analysis

The demographic dynamics of human settlements are a fundamental part of understanding complex society development, and population estimates are a fundamental part of understanding those dynamics. Many types of demographic analyses can be carried out on the basis of relative population estimates, but a deeper understanding of demographic processes can be gained by converting those estimates into absolute numbers of people. Using regression analysis this paper develops a technique for making absolute population estimates based on the area and density of ceramic sherd scatters. This technique can be used to make absolute population estimates in many parts of the world, though here its application is illustrated using data from the Intermediate Area and Amazon region. Unlike previous approaches to demographic reconstruction this technique provides a basis for establishing population error ranges for different degrees of statistical confidence.

A field study of the survival and dispersal pattern of Lutzomyia longipalpis in an endemic area of visceral leishmaniasis in Brazil.

Zoonotic Visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) is a neglected tropical disease that in the Americas is caused by the infection of Leishmania infantum and the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) is the main parasite reservoir in urban areas. The parasite is mainly transmitted by populations of the sibling species Lutzomyia longipalpis that has been spreading in countries including Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and more recently Uruguay. Although bionomic parameters such as population survival and the duration of the gonotrophic cycle are critical in evaluating vector capacity, field studies have rarely been applied to sand fly populations. The present study sought to evaluate basic bionomic parameters related to the vectorial capacity of the (S)-9-methylgermacrene-B population of the Lu. longipalpis complex in a visceral leishmaniasis area of Sao Paulo state. The daily survival rate, the duration of the gonotrophic cycle and the dispersal pattern were evaluated through the mark- release-recapture method. A total of 1,547 males and 401 females were marked and released in five experiments carried out between February 2013 and February 2014. The higher recapture rates occurred within 100 meters of the release point and the estimated daily survival rates varied between 0.69 and 0.89 for females and between 0.69 and 0.79 for males. The minimum duration of the gonotrophic cycle observed was five days. The absolute population size, calculated ranged from 900 to 4,857 females and from 2,882 to 9,543 males. Our results demonstrate a high survival rate of this vector population and low dispersal that could be associated with the presence of all necessary conditions for its establishment and maintenance in the peridomiciles of this area. Our findings contribute to the basic data necessary for the understanding of ZVL dynamics and the evaluation of the implementation of prevention and control measures.

The effects of health capacity on income of absolute poverty-stricken population in China —a comparative cross-sectional analysis

Backgrounds: It is easy to see that the biggest difficulty to establish universal covered integrated care system lies in the weak areas and vulnerable groups. In China, there are still 70 million people living below the poverty threshold and poverty population that caused by illness accounted for nearly 30 million. Healthy human capital impaired by disease has become the biggest stumbling block lying in the way out of poverty. But from the literature analysis we could find that the impact of health on income of the poverty population has not been adequately studied. Objective: To find out if the impact of health capacity on the income of the absolute poverty-stricken population is more significant than non-impoverished group. Methods: The poverty threshold of China 2010 was adapted for the definition of poverty. China Health and Nutrition Survey Database (CHNS 2014) were chosen as the data source. OLS was used to estimate the 2 models. Endogeneity of the variables was processed by the random effect model. The waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was used instead of BMI to do the robustness test. Results: Firstly, we found that the health related variables include sick, BMI, and age was significant related to income by model 1 (P＜0.01). Then the poverty variable enlarged the influence of individual health condition on the income by -0.153 (P Discussion: Health means more to those absolute-poverty ones. In order to build a universal covered integrated care system, more public policy attention should be paid on the improvement of health status of the poverty-stricken population. Conclusion:In addition to poverty alleviation, education investment and social security projects, more public policy attention should be paid on the improvement of health status of the poverty-stricken population. Lessons learned: Obviously, integrated care does not means the same care for diffrent income level groups. According to the results, more attention and preferential policies om health care service should be paid for the poor. Limitations:Although the previous research results are borrowed, the model is still not perfect, and the health indicators are not comprehensive enough. Suggestions for future research:The mincer equation should be used in a more rigorous measurement income factors. More health factors should be incorporated into the model.

Impacts of Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Development on Carbon Dioxide Emissions Across Different Population Regimes

According to the Green Solow model, the rise or fall of emissions over time depends on a scale effect and a technique effect, and, if the latter effect is held constant, changes in population growth will influence profiles of the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC). Utilizing four alternative measures of population size as threshold variables, this paper reexamines the effect of foreign direct investment (FDI) on carbon dioxide ( $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ ) emissions and further tests EKC profiles for different population sizes. Our threshold test shows a double-threshold effect on $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions, implying the existence of three population regimes: least, moderately, and most populated. Our results show that an inverted U-shaped EKC relationship exists between $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions and economic development across different population regimes, when population density and absolute population in turn are used as a threshold variable. In addition, in the least populated regime, $$\hbox {CO}_{2}$$ emissions significantly converge with increasing FDI.

Crisis-driven changes in construction patterns: evidence from building permits in a Mediterranean city

This study aimed to describe the construction sector’s response to the 2007–2008 recession based on the spatial analysis of 10 building activity indicators over a 25-year period (1990–2014) in Athens, Greece. Expansion and recession cycles influenced the average values of four indicators (density of new buildings, average floors per new building, density of enlarged buildings and building permits per inhabitant) without altering their spatial pattern. By contrast, the spatial distribution of six indicators (proportion of small-sized dwellings, average surface area of new buildings, average number of floors in enlarged buildings, average surface area of enlarged buildings, volume ratio of enlarged buildings compared to new buildings and ratio of new building surface area to the absolute population increase) became more heterogeneous during the study period. Local-scale indicators derived from building-permits data provide insights into building cycles, shedding light on the short-term effects of the recent crisis on the construction sector.

A guide to calculating habitat‐quality metrics to inform conservation of highly mobile species

AbstractMany metrics exist for quantifying the relative value of habitats and pathways used by highly mobile species. Properly selecting and applying such metrics requires substantial background in mathematics and understanding the relevant management arena. To address this multidimensional challenge, we demonstrate and compare three measurements of habitat quality: graph‐, occupancy‐, and demographic‐based metrics. Each metric provides insights into system dynamics, at the expense of increasing amounts and complexity of data and models. Our descriptions and comparisons of diverse habitat‐quality metrics provide means for practitioners to overcome the modeling challenges associated with management or conservation of such highly mobile species. Whereas previous guidance for applying habitat‐quality metrics has been scattered in diversified tracks of literature, we have brought this information together into an approachable format including accessible descriptions and a modeling case study for a typical example that conservation professionals can adapt for their own decision contexts and focal populations.Considerations for Resource Managers Management objectives, proposed actions, data availability and quality, and model assumptions are all relevant considerations when applying and interpreting habitat‐quality metrics. Graph‐based metrics answer questions related to habitat centrality and connectivity, are suitable for populations with any movement pattern, quantify basic spatial and temporal patterns of occupancy and movement, and require the least data. Occupancy‐based metrics answer questions about likelihood of persistence or colonization, are suitable for populations that undergo localized extinctions, quantify spatial and temporal patterns of occupancy and movement, and require a moderate amount of data. Demographic‐based metrics answer questions about relative or absolute population size, are suitable for populations with any movement pattern, quantify demographic processes and population dynamics, and require the most data. More real‐world examples applying occupancy‐based, agent‐based, and continuous‐based metrics to seasonally migratory species are needed to better understand challenges and opportunities for applying these metrics more broadly.

Culture Process and the Interpretation of Radiocarbon Data

AbstractOver the last decade, archaeologists have turned to large radiocarbon (14C) data sets to infer prehistoric population size and change. An outstanding question concerns just how direct of an estimate 14C dates are for human populations. In this paper we propose that 14C dates are a better estimate of energy consumption, rather than an unmediated, proportional estimate of population size. We use a parametric model to describe the relationship between population size, economic complexity and energy consumption in human societies, and then parametrize the model using data from modern contexts. Our results suggest that energy consumption scales sub-linearly with population size, which means that the analysis of a large 14C time-series has the potential to misestimate rates of population change and absolute population size. Energy consumption is also an exponential function of economic complexity. Thus, the 14C record could change semi-independent of population as complexity grows or declines. Scaling models are an important tool for stimulating future research to tease apart the different effects of population and social complexity on energy consumption, and explain variation in the forms of 14C date time-series in different regions.

Radiocarbon test for demographic events in written and oral history

We extend an established simulation-based method to test for significant short-duration (1-2 centuries) demographic events known from one documented historical and one oral historical context. Case study 1 extrapolates population data from the Western historical tradition using historically derived demographic data from the catastrophic European Black Death/bubonic plague (Yersinia pestis). We find a corresponding statistically significant drop in absolute population using an extended version of a previously published simulation method. Case study 2 uses this refined simulation method to test for a settlement gap identified in oral historical records of descendant Tsimshian First Nations communities from the Prince Rupert Harbour region of the Pacific Northwest region of British Columbia, Canada. Using a regional database of n = 523 radiocarbon dates, we find a significant drop in relative population using the extended simulation-based method consistent with Tsimshian oral records. We conclude that our technical refinement extends the utility of radiocarbon simulation methods and can provide a rigorous test of demographic predictions derived from a range of historical sources.

A simplified mark–release–recapture protocol to improve the cost effectiveness of repeated population size quantification

Abstract Obtaining an accurate quantification of population size is often of prime importance in ecology and conservation biology (e.g. population viability analysis, a basic step for assessing species and population status in a given area and guiding effective conservation). When obtaining a reliable quantification of absolute (vs. relative) population size is required, Mark–Release–Recapture (MRR) is a method of choice for many organisms. This is a highly reliable but costly procedure in terms of time and potential impact on species and sites. Consequently, less costly alternatives are highly desirable for conservation and population ecologists. We present here a simplified MRR protocol to mitigate this cost of repeated MRR sampling with little compromise on the quality of the population size estimation. Using one of the largest existing butterfly MRR databases, collected on two fritillary species over a period of 20 years and >20 populations in Belgium, we assessed the possibility to reduce the effort of collecting MRR data while keeping accurate quantification of total population size. By downsampling from the full datasets and calculating a range of demographic census metrics, we specifically investigated whether marking individuals is necessary, and whether the number of sampling sessions can be reduced. We found that (1) counting individuals is not enough: some individual marking, even in a simplistic way to differentiate newly recorded from previously seen individuals, is essential for estimating population size. (2) A simple linear conversion function (number of “missed” individuals for each marked one) can be used to compute population size from the number of individuals marked over a small number of MRR sampling sessions. (3) Parameterizing this function is system specific, because it depends on detectability of individuals, but only requires an initial effort of traditional high‐effort MRR in a few populations encompassing the expected range of population size, combined with previous knowledge on the species about potential factors affecting detectability. Our simplified MRR protocol should allow scientists to obtain absolute population size estimates almost as good as with traditional high‐effort MRR, but at a cost lowered in both the marking procedure and the intensity of field visits.

Parasites of unionid molluscs (Bivalvia, Unionidae) and their effect on the body of molluscs

Among the molluscs of the family Unionidae extensivity of infestation by the helminth Aspidogaster conchicola (Trematoda, Aspidogastridae) is the highest in Unio tumidus and Anodonta anatina, and the lowest – in U. pictorum. The mites of the genus Unionicola (Arachnida, Unionicolidae) occur more often in species of the genus Anodonta and Pseudanodonta complanata than in species of Unio. The larvae of trematodes Bucephalus polymorphus (Trematoda, Bucephalidae) are more often identified in species of the genus Anodonta. The intensity of invasion of molluscs by the helminth A. conchicola was 1.0–5.6 ind./ind. (Unio – 1.0–3.3, Pseudanodonta – 3.0–5.6, Anodonta – 1.3–4.0 ind.), by the water mites Unionicola – 1–69 ind./ind. (Unio, Pseudanodonta – 1–11, Anodonta – 1–69). Due to the influence of aspidogastreans, the cytoplasmic vacuolization and hypertrophy of the cells of the pericardial epithelium and the layer of connective tissue was observed, which leads to a shrinkage of the upper side of the pericardium. Often, there was a nuclear pyknosis and, with deeper violations, their karyorrhexis and karyolysis. In the layer of connective tissue of pericardium of A. anatina encapsulated larvae of aspidogastereans were found. An increase in the cardiac index was observed in molluscs infested by aspidogastreans: the change in the index was the smallest in U. crassus (at 11.5%) and the largest in U. tumidus (at 54.1–61.0%). Smaller cardiac indexes are typical for molluscs with a lower intensity of infestation by aspidogastreans. Moderate intensity of infestation by this helminth (6–10 ind./ind.) caused an increase in the heart rate in molluscs (18.6–29.6%), high intensity (>10 ind./ind.) caused the decreasing of this indicator (14.5–24.0%). At low intensity of the mite (up to 20 individuals) and invasion of the trematode B. polymorphus (minor infections; part of the reproductive glands, populated by parasites, is less than 50%) the acceleration of ciliary beating and increasing of the duration of ciliary beating of the ciliated epithelium (1.4–2.6 times) were observed in species Anodonta and U. pictorum, at high intensity of invasion the inhibition of beating and reduction of the duration of ciliary beating of the ciliated epithelium in these species (45.9–57.4%) was observed. In the case of the general pathological process in the body of molluscs , the influence of parasites can cause the elimination of individuals with high intensity of infestation , which affects the absolute number and population density of molluscs.

Lipid profile, cardiovascular disease and mortality in a Mediterranean high-risk population: The ESCARVAL-RISK study.

IntroductionThe potential impact of targeting different components of an adverse lipid profile in populations with multiple cardiovascular risk factors is not completely clear. This study aims to assess the association between different components of the standard lipid profile with all-cause mortality and hospitalization due to cardiovascular events in a high-risk population.MethodsThis prospective registry included high risk adults over 30 years old free of cardiovascular disease (2008–2012). Diagnosis of hypertension, dyslipidemia or diabetes mellitus was inclusion criterion. Lipid biomarkers were evaluated. Primary endpoints were all-cause mortality and hospital admission due to coronary heart disease or stroke. We estimated adjusted rate ratios (aRR), absolute risk differences and population attributable risk associated with adverse lipid profiles.Results51,462 subjects were included with a mean age of 62.6 years (47.6% men). During an average follow-up of 3.2 years, 919 deaths, 1666 hospitalizations for coronary heart disease and 1510 hospitalizations for stroke were recorded. The parameters that showed an increased rate for total mortality, coronary heart disease and stroke hospitalization were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.25, 1.29 and 1.23; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.22, 1.38 and 1.25; and high Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol: aRR 1.21, 1.30, 1.09. The parameters that showed highest population attributable risk (%) were, respectively, low HDL-Cholesterol: 7.70, 11.42, 8.40; high Total/HDL-Cholesterol: 6.55, 12.47, 8.73; and high Triglycerides/HDL-Cholesterol: 8.94, 15.09, 6.92.ConclusionsIn a population with cardiovascular risk factors, HDL-cholesterol, Total/HDL-cholesterol and triglycerides/HDL-cholesterol ratios were associated with a higher population attributable risk for cardiovascular disease compared to other common biomarkers.