Absolute Number Of Lymphocytes Research Articles

Risk factors analysis and risk assessment model construction of systemic lupus erythematosus patients with infection.

To analyze the characteristics of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients with infection and non-infection group. Explore the risk factors of infection in SLE patients and establish a risk matrix model to predict the occurrence of co-infection. total of 333 SLE patients without infection, 163 patients suffering from infection, and 132 healthy controls (HCs) were recruited. General clinical data and disease activity indicators were collected. The levels of total T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, NK, Th1, Th2, Th17, and Treg cells in peripheral blood of HCs, SLE patients (including infected and non-infected group) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The risk assessment model was constructed, and the receiver operating characteristic curve was drawn. 39 SLE patients with infection and 20 patients without infection were randomly selected to evaluate the predictive power of the regression model. The levels of T, B, CD4+T, CD8+T, and NK cells in the infected patients were significantly decreased when compared with that of both non-infected patients and HCs (p < .05). The non-infected patients had a higher level of Th17 than that of HCs (p < . 05), but the absolute numbers of Th17 in infected patients was the lowest among the three groups (p < .001). The number of Treg cells in SLE patients was significantly lower than that of HCs (p < .01), and the infected patients had the fewest Treg cells among all these groups (p < . 05). A risk assessment model for SLE with infection was established, p = 1/(1-e-y), Y = 1.763-0.004 × Absolute number of CD4 + T cells-0.005 × Absolute number of NK cells -0.005 × Platelet count(×1012/L) + 1.033 × Absolute number of lymphocytes (×109/L) + 0.023 × C-reactive protein (mg/dL), whose predictive sensitivity is 77.5%, and specificity is 78.3%. The new risk assessment model exhibits good predictive ability to assess co-infection risk in SLE patients. T cells, NK cells, and CD4 + T cells along with other parameters help in differentiating Lupus with infection from Lupus alone.

Subpopulation composition of peripheral blood lymphocytes in COVID-19

The pathogenesis of severe coronavirus infection COVID-19 is associated with activation of immune system, cytokine storm, impaired blood clotting, microvascular thrombosis, organ ischemia and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The role of various lymphocyte subpopulations in COVID-19 is still debated. The aim of our study was to analyze the subpopulational profile of peripheral blood lymphocytes in COVID-19 patients as compared with healthy donors.The study included 20 COVID-19 patients (11 males and 9 females,) and 26 healthy donors. Average age of the patients was 52 and 56 years, respectively. Clinical examinations were performed by standard laboratory methods. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated in the Ficoll gradient. The cells were stained with antibodies to specific antigens of main lymphocyte populations, endothelial cells, and apoptotic cell markers. The analysis was performed by flow cytometry. The results showed that all patients had elevated C-reactive protein (14- to 35-fold), ferritin (1.2- to 13-fold), D-dimers (1.2- to 90-fold). 55% of men had a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes, in women this index was at the low normal limit. Cytometric analysis showed that, among peripheral blood lymphocytes, the proportion of functional cells expressing the CD45 marker ranged from 2 to 12% in 70% of patients, as compared with 80-99% among the donors. The proportion of CD45+ lymphocytes significantly correlated with the level of hemoglobin, but not with the levels of inflammatory biochemical markers. Among the functional lymphocytes of patients, there was a decrease in the proportion of CD3+, CD4+, CD8+T cells, increased proportion of natural killer CD56+ and the apoptotic (AnnexinV+) cell contents, but the proportion of CD19 and HLA-DR+B cells was not changed. Analysis of the lymphocyte (LC) subpopulations that did not express CD45 marker showed that this fraction contained different lymphocyte subsets with reduced expression of CD4, CD8, CD19, CD56 etc. in the blood of patients and donors. Higher percentage of endothelial cells expressing CD62P marker made the difference between patients and donors.Laboratory determination of lymphocyte subsets in blood samples of COVID-19 patients does not reflect the real severity pattern of the disease, thus requiring studies of the CD45-expressing functional cell populations.

Clinical-immunological phenotypes of the autistic spectrum disorders

Autistic spectrum disorders (ASD) affect about one in every 59 children. It is noteworthy that patients with ASD are more likely to have other comorbidities than the general population. Undoubtedly, they may aggravate clinical course of the underlying disease or affect the diagnostics. The aim of this work was to identify clinical and immunological phenotypes of the ASD clinical course. Patients and methods. The study included children classified in 2 groups: pediatric patients with ASD (n = 100), and clinically healthy children (n = 30). Based on the presence of comorbidities, the children were divided into 3 types of clinical patterns: convulsive, infectious, dermato-respiratory and gastrointestinal phenotypes. Cytokine concentrations in blood serum were determined by ELISA using Bender Medsystems (Austria) for IL-17А and Vector-Best (Russia) for IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IFNγ. The concentration of spIgG to 111 nutritional antigens (IgG) was determined by a modified ELISA method using the Immunohealth™ technique. Assessment of cognitive and psychophysiological indices in children was carried out using the ATEC questionnaire. As a result of the study, clinical and immunological phenotypes were identified among the ASD patients, being associated with certain types of food tolerance, cytokine profile, clinical severity of psycho-physiological disorders and concomitant comorbid diseases. In all four phenotypes, were have revealed an increased synthesis of specific antibodies associated with humoral immunity for the studied food antigens, increased concentration of total spIgG to food antigens, concentration of spIgG to legumes and casein, and C-reactive protein levels.Moreover, in convulsive phenotype (concomitant epilepsy and convulsions), the maximal concentrations of spIgG are shown for Solanaceae products, the concentration of IL-10 is increased, IL-4 amounts are reduced, and the content of serum iron and ferritin is also lowered. In the infectious phenotype (frequently ill children) the spIg’s to grain and fermented products are detected, IL-10 and IFNγ concentrations are increased and IL-4 contents is reduced, along with increased absolute and relative number of lymphocytes and fibrinogen. In the dermato-respiratory phenotype (skin rashes) – to dairy products, the concentrations of IL-4 and IL-17A are increased. In the gastrointestinal phenotype, the highest number of elevated IgG responses to the largest range of food antigens was found in presence of changing cytokine profile , i.e., an increase in IFNγ in IFNγ/IL-4 and IFNγ/IL-10 ratios. Thus, the identified phenotypes of the ASD course are associated with the influence of food antigens and reflect a special variant of the immunological inflammatory pathogenesis, which makes it possible to personalize elimination diets, propose measures for correction and individual prevention, and, probably, to predict clinical course of the disease.

Systemic inflammation in salivary gland cancer

Relevance. The inflammatory process and endogenous intoxication of the patient’s body has a negative impact on the course of many malignant neoplasms, including salivary gland cancer.The objective of the study was to determine the influence of some factors of systemic inflammation and endogenous intoxication in salivary gland cancer.Methods and materials. A prospective study included the data of 59 patients with salivary gland cancer. The influence of peripheral blood parameters and relative indicators characterizing systemic inflammation on overall and disease-free survival was assessed.Results. As a result of the multivariate analysis, it was revealed that an increase in the level of the relative number of peripheral blood neutrophils by more than 60.08 % increases the risk of death in patients from salivary gland cancer by 3.90 times (p=0.0456; HR 3.90: 95 % CI 1.03–14.79). The level of the absolute number of peripheral blood lymphocytes, not exceeding 1.49x109 /l, increases the risk of disease progression by 8.72 times (p=0.0002, R 8.72: 95 % CI 2.78–27.28).Conclusion. Individual factors of systemic inflammation and endogenous intoxication, it is advisable to evaluate at the stage of planning the primary treatment of patients with salivary gland cancer, in order to determine the prognosis of the disease and optimize the choice of tactics for the primary treatment of patients.

Efficacy of insulin in treating severe hypertriglyceridaemia in the third trimester of pregnancy.

This study aims to investigate the efficacy of insulin in treating severe hypertriglyceridaemia (HTG) during the third trimester of pregnancy. Women with severe HTG (TG ≥ 11.30 mmol/L) in the third trimester of pregnancy who received clinical examination and delivered in Hubei Maternal and Child Health Hospital from 01 January 2017 to 30 September 2021 were recruited. Patients with TG ≥ 11.30 mmol/L at 30-32 weeks of gestation were treated with a low-fat diet and insulin as the insulin treatment group. For the control group, patients with TGs of 5.65-11.30 mmol/L at 30-32 weeks of gestation who developed severe HTG (TG ≥ 11.30 mmol/L) before delivery were treated with a low-fat diet only. General maternal information, delivery, perinatal treatment and laboratory examination information were collected from electronic medical records and compared. We found that in the insulin treatment group, there were higher values of progestational body mass index (BMI) (Z = -2.281, P = 0.023), higher incidence of diabetes (χ2 = 20.618, P < 0.001) and higher incidence of fatty liver (χ2 = 4.333, P = 0.037) than in the control group but also a higher pregnancy weight gain compliance rate (χ2 = 4.061, P = 0.044). Laboratory examination before delivery revealed that compared with the control group, insulin treatment significantly decreased prenatal TG (Z = -10.392, P < 0.001), cholesterol (Z = -8.494, P < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (Z = -3.918, P < 0.001), apolipoprotein A1 (t = 2.410, P = 0.019), cystatin (Z = -4.195, P < 0.001), incidence of hypocalcaemia (P = 0.036), and absolute number of lymphocytes (Z = -3.426, P = 0.001). Delivery outcomes were also improved in the insulin treatment group compared with the control group, including lower neonatal weight (Z = -2.200, P = 0.028), incidence of macrosomia (χ2 = 4.092, P = 0.043), gestational age (Z = -3.427, P = 0.001), and rate of intensive care unit (ICU) conversion (P = 0.014). In conclusion, insulin therapy for HTG in the third trimester of pregnancy could increase the pregnancy weight gain compliance rate, decrease blood lipid levels and the incidence of severe complications such as HTG acute pancreatitis (HTG-AP), and improve pregnancy outcomes.

Influence of heat stress on cows during the dry and postpartum period

In the article, the authors presented information on the effect of heat stress on cows in the dry and postpartum periods. The study aims to study clinical and metabolic manifestations of heat stress in dry and fresh cows. The object of the study is cows of the early and late dry periods and new calves. The authors assessed the parameters of the microclimate of livestock premises, clinical examination of cattle, and blood sampling for hematological and biochemical studies. The authors also calculated the leukocyte index of intoxication, the shift index of blood leukocytes, and the lymphocytic index. Animals were found to have worsened general conditions, weakness, and reduced feed intake during the medical examination. An increase in body temperature (39.42±0.55 °C), tachypnea (86.45±8.04 resp.), and tachycardia (127.65±3.66 bpm) were also revealed. A hematological study revealed a decrease in the absolute number of lymphocytes and a shift in the indicators of the leukocyte formula. According to the results of the assessment of the lymphocytic index in cows during the dry period, the ratio of humoral and cellular immunity was balanced, and in new calves, an imbalance was observed. Biochemical screening of the blood serum of cows under conditions of heat stress showed significant changes in the metabolic profile against the background of a general decrease in feed intake. The content of total protein and globulins in the blood serum in the first days after calving was 68.36±3.48 (p≤0.01) and 35.36±3.89 g/l (p≤0.01), which is 16 .0 and 33.0% lower than in cows of the early dry period. Glucose and cholesterol levels progressively decreased after starting, reaching a minimum in the postpartum period (glucose - 3.14±0.59, total cholesterol - 2.18±0.55 mmol/l (p≤0.01)). The content of urea in the blood of animals increased significantly, reaching a maximum in the first days after calving - 7.44±1.48 mmol/l (p≤0.01). The authors also found an increase in the content of total bilirubin, aspartate aminotransferase, and creatine phosphokinase. Thus, heat stress leads to changes in the clinical and metabolic status of highly productive cows.

Effect of sacubitril/valsartan and empagliflozin on systemic inflammation and scar remodeling in a swine model of myocardial infarction

Abstract Background Angiotensin receptor neprilysin inhibitor (ARNI) and sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) lead to reduced cardiovascular death and hospitalization rates for heart failure, but mechanisms of action remain unclear. Purpose To evaluate the effect of ARNI and SLGT2i on cardiac function, systemic inflammation and scar remodeling in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods Thirty-three pigs (18 female, 15 male) with non-revascularized MI were randomized to receive treatment with beta-blocker (BB) only (BB group, n=8), empagliflozin + BB (SGLT2i group, n=8), sacubitril/valsartan + BB (ARNI group, n=9) or empagliflozin + sacubitril/valsartan + BB (SGLT2i + ARNI group, n=8) for 30 days post-MI. Cardiac function parameters were studied at 2- and 30-days post-MI by cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. The systemic immune response was analysed at baseline, 2-, 15- and 30-days post-MI to estimate 1) the absolute number of neutrophils and lymphocytes by FSC-A/SSC-A, 2) the circulating monocytes (CD172a+) and their phenotype according to CD73+, and CCR2+ expression. Animals were euthanized at 30 days, interstitial collagen and vascular density of the scar were quantified. Results Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and stoke volume (LVSV) improved in SGLT2i + ARNI group (P=0.02, P=0.002, respectively, 2 vs 30 days post-MI). Right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) and stroke volume (RVSV) improved in ARNI treatment arm (P=0.03; P=0.02, respectively, 2 vs 30 days post-MI). Significant increase in LV mass was only observed in BB group (P=0.02; 2 vs 30 days post-MI). SGLT2i and ARNI treatment prevented the acute increase in circulating leukocytes 2 days post-MI (P=0.0095; P=0.0091, respectively). Moreover, SGLT2i reduced the CCR2+ activated monocytes count at 15 days post-infarction (P=0.01). In contrast, the combined treatment increased the number of circulating monocytes (CD172a+) at 30 days (P=0.008). Reduced collagen I (P=0.04), and Col I/Col III ratio (P=0.02) was observed in ARNI group, and higher collagen III content (P=0.02) in SGLT2i group. Vascular density was significantly increased in SGLT2i + ARNI group (P=0.03). Conclusions SGLT2i modulates systemic inflammatory state. ARNI reduces myocardial fibrosis and improves right ventricular function. Combined treatment improves vascular density and left cardiac function in a post-MI porcine model. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: Other. Main funding source(s): Boehringer Ingelheim Spain, S.A, and Instituto de Salud Carlos III, CIBER Cardiovascular

Expression of CD39 and CD73 ectonucleotidases in CD4+ lymphocyte populations in healthy children

Purinergic system plays an important role in functional regulation of immune system. Extracellular ATP belongs to non-infectious danger signals (DAMP), has a pro-inflammatory effect and modulates the immune response. The end product of ATP breakdown, adenosine, plays an important role in limiting the inflammatory response. The activity of ectonucleotidase CD39 and CD73 supports the balance of ATP and adenosine at the site of inflammation. CD39 and CD73 expression is characterized by high variability. From the literature data, appropriate studies were carried out either in transgenic mice, or with adult healthy donors. The number of cells expressing CD39 and CD73 in T lymphocyte populations has not been evaluated in healthy children. Hence, our aim was to study the features of CD39 and CD73 expression in various subpopulations of CD4+ lymphocytes in apparently healthy children of different ages.&#x0D; We examined 45 healthy children aged 3.7 to 17.5 years (Me (Q0.25-Q0.75) 12.4 (10-16.1). The numbers of CD4+ cells, regulatory T lymphocytes (Treg CD4+CD25highCD127low), activated T helpers (Tact CD4+CD25+CD127high), and Th17 lymphocytes (CD4+CD161+CD3+) expressing CD39 and CD73 were evaluated by the flow cytometry.&#x0D; The number of cells expressing CD39 and CD73 depends on specific cell subpopulation. The highest content of CD39+ cells was observed in Tregs, and maximal amounts of CD73+ cells were found among Tact subset. In the Th17 lymphocyte subpopulation, there was no significant difference between the number of cells expressing CD39 and CD73. E have also shown an increase in the relative number of Th17 cells expressing CD73, along with age-dependent decrease in the relative number of Tact cells expressing CD39. An age-dependent decrease in absolute values with age was revealed for Treg, CD39+Treg, CD73+Treg, CD39+Th17, thus being consistent with age-related decrease in absolute numbers of lymphocytes and CD4+ cells.&#x0D; The obtained data concerning specific pattern of ectonucleotidases expression in functionally different populations of CD4+ lymphocytes should be taken into account when studying children with immune-mediated diseases from different age groups.

FDG-PET/CT imaging parameters for predicting spontaneous regression of methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder in patients with rheumatoid arthritis

In this study, we investigated the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT for predicting spontaneous regression in methotrexate-associated lymphoproliferative disorder (MTX-LPD). Twenty patients with rheumatoid arthritis who were diagnosed with MTX-LPD were enrolled in the study. These patients were divided into those who showed spontaneous regression (SR group: ten patients) and those who received chemotherapy after discontinuation of MTX (CTx group: ten patients). Between-group differences in potential biomarkers were compared, including clinical markers at the onset of LPD [serum LDH and interleukin 2 receptor (sIL-2R)], change in absolute number of peripheral lymphocytes (ΔALC) over follow-up, and the FDG-PET/CT-derived parameters of maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), peak SUV (SUVpeak), sum of the metabolic tumor volume (MTVsum), and sum of total lesion glycolysis (TLGsum). The levels of sIL-2R, MTVsum, and TLGsum were significantly lower in the SR group than in the CTx group. In addition, ΔALC was higher in the SR group. In conclusion, MTV and TLG values measured by FDG-PET/CT may be suitable for use as predictors of SR in patients with MTX-LPD.

P2.13: Immunosuppression Monotherapy Does Not Protect Donor Leukocytes From Depletion Post MHC-Mismatched Kidney Transplantation in Mice

Background: The retention of donor tissue-resident leukocytes within a transplanted organ is likely to be important to graft health and survival post-transplantation. We have previously shown that in the absence of immunosuppression, donor tissue-resident leukocytes are depleted following MHC-mismatched transplants, due to infiltrating recipient effector leukocytes. We hypothesised, therefore, that the retention of donor leukocytes described following mismatched transplants in humans is a result of immunosuppressive therapy, which targets recipient effector cells. In this study, we investigated the impact of different immunosuppressive agents as monotherapies on the retention of donor leukocytes after MHC-mismatched transplantation. Methods: We developed immunosuppression regimens using clinically-relevant levels of immunosuppressive medications including tacrolimus and mycophenolate, and treated mice receiving MHC-mismatched kidney transplants. At seven days post-transplant, we compared the donor leukocyte retention and recipient leukocyte responses of mice on immunosuppression to those without. Results: As expected after immunosuppression treatment, the circulating lymphocyte count was decreased. Simultaneously, the absolute number and proliferation of recipient lymphocytes within the graft and peripheral organs were reduced in comparison to immunocompetent controls. Immunosuppression also altered macrophage polarisation within the graft, to a less pro-inflammatory phenotype. Interestingly, our preliminary data showed that despite the decrease in recipient leukocyte infiltration, and a less inflammatory microenvironment within the graft, treatment with a single immunosuppressive agent did not improve donor leukocyte retention post-transplantation. Conclusions: This highlights the requirement for the use of multiple immunosuppressive agents to sufficiently suppress recipient effector leukocyte responses, not only for graft tolerance but for donor leukocyte retention. Hackett Postgraduate Research Scholarship. Australian Government Research Training Program Scholarship. Sir Charles Gairdner and Osborne Park Health Care Group RAC Grant (MRGP21-22_24).

The role of cortisol and progesterone in the formation of the cellular com-position of blood in Holstein heifers

Purpose: quantitative assessment of the cell composition of the blood of the heifers of the Holstein breed and the study of the relationship between it and the level of steroid hormones - cortisol and progesterone.Materials and methods. The work was carried out in 2020-2021 on the basis of Belagash LLP (Republic of Kazakhstan), which specializes in the production of milk by using the productive potential of the Golstein breed. The diets of animal feeding were in accordance with the norms of VIZH. Heifers born in the spring of 2020 were included in the experimental group (n = 10). In its formation, the principle of close analogues was used. In the heifers of an experimental group of 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 months, blood samples were obtained by a vacuum method for conducting morphological and biochemical studies. The level of progesterone and cortisol was determined in the blood serum by the immunofortment method.Results. The total number of leukocytes in the blood of animals changed in the interval of 9.57-12.00 109/l, corresponding to the boundaries of the norm; The level of monocytes and lymphocytes fluctuated in the range of 3.33-7.80 and 58.93-75.01 %, amounting to 0.40-0.81 and 5.64-9.00 109/l. The number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit by 15 months increased by 36.33; 12.93 and 40.18 %. At the same time, the volumetric characteristics of red blood cells (the average volume of red blood cells, the red blood cell distribution index almost did not depend on age, but their saturation with hemoglobin (the average hemoglobin content in red blood cells, the average concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells) decreased. The level of steroid hormones – progesterone and cortisol in the blood of heifers increased with age in 46.06 and 8.24 times (p≤0.05). At the sametime, the concentration of cortisol statistically significantly correlated with the amount of red blood cells (r=0.71 - 0.95), the size of the red blood cell distribution index in volume (r = 0.74 - 0.98) and the absolute number of lymphocytes (Rr= 0.71 - 0.99). The level of progesterone, starting from 9 months of age, was interconnected with the total number of leukocytes (r = -0.63 --0.88), an absolute number of monocytes (r = 0.69 -0.89) and lymphocytes (r = -0.65 – -0.87), as well as red blood cells (r= 0.82 -0.93) and hemoglobin (r = 0.63 -0.73).

Clinical and immunological features associated to the development of a sustained immune humoral response in COVID-19 patients: Results from a cohort study.

BackgroundUntil now, most of the research addressing long-term humoral responses in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had only evaluated the serum titers of anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) IgGs, without the assessment of the baseline antiviral clinical and immune profile, which is the aim of this study and may be the key factor leading to a broad and sustained antibody response.MethodsWe included 103 patients with COVID-19. When the patients sought medical attention (baseline), a blood sample was drawn to perform immunophenotype of lymphocytes by flow cytometry. The patients were assessed 15 days after baseline and then every month until the third month, followed by a last visit 6 months after recruitment. We evaluated the anti-SARS-COV-2 IgG at all time points, and the serum levels of cytokines, chemokines, anti-cellular (AC) antibodies and neutrophil extracellular traps were also assessed during the follow-up. The primary outcome of the study was the presence of a sustained immune humoral response, defined as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titer >4.99 arbitrary units/mL in at least two consecutive measures. We used generalized lineal models to assess the features associated with this outcome and to assess the effect of the changes in the cytokines and chemokines throughout time on the development of a sustained humoral immune response.ResultsAt baseline the features associated to a sustained immune humoral response were the diagnosis of critical disease, absolute number of lymphocytes, serum IP-10, IL-4, IL-2, regulatory T cells, CD8+ T cells, and positive AC antibodies. Critical illness and the positivity of AC antibodies were associated with a sustained humoral immune response after 3 months, whilst critical illness and serum IL-13 were the explanatory variables after 6 months.ConclusionA sustained immune humoral response is strongly related to critical COVID-19, which is characterized by the presence of AC antibodies, quantitative abnormalities in the T cell compartment, and the serum cytokines and chemokines during acute infection and throughout time.

The Effect of Leptin on the Regulation of Immune Responses in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome.

&lt;b&gt;Background and Objective:&lt;/b&gt; Leptin is a hormone produced by fat cells in adipose tissue that plays a biological role in metabolism, immune system control and energy flow regulation. The study's objective was to investigate serum leptin levels in PCOS females and determine how they are related to immunological and hormonal parameters. &lt;b&gt;Materials and Methods:&lt;/b&gt; Thirty PCOS women were chosen for the study and compared to thirty healthy women as control samples, with both case and normal samples ranging in age from 18-36 years. WBC count, absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, leptin, Prolactin and serum IgA levels were measured. &lt;b&gt;Results:&lt;/b&gt; The results showed the mean WBC, lymphocytes and eosinophil absolute numbers in PCOS women were significantly different. However, there was no significant difference in the absolute numbers of neutrophils and monocytes. The findings also revealed a significant increase in BMI, IgA, leptin and prolactin levels in PCOS when compared to controls. The results showed strong positive correlation coefficients between BMI and IgA (1.000**), WBC with neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes (0.797**, 0.790**, 0.712**), respectively and finally leptin and prolactin (0.474**). The same test, on the other hand, revealed an inverse correlation coefficient between BMI, IgA and prolactin (-0.376*, -0.376*, respectively with p&lt;u&gt;<&lt;/u&gt;0.05). &lt;b&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/b&gt; A rise in the levels of the hormones leptin and prolactin, which were positively associated with the body mass index in women with PCOS, was found in the current study. The findings revealed that the hormones leptin and prolactin have an effect on some immune parameters in women with PCOS.

Correlation of Absolute Lymphocyte Count with Severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang

Background: The rRT-PCR examination is very effective as a diagnostic tool for COVID-19 but cannot be a full reference as an evaluation examination because rRT-PCR is able to capture the genetic material of the virus without ensuring that the virus is still alive or only dead particles. This study aims to explore the correlation between absolute lymphocyte values and the severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.&#x0D; Methods: This study is an observational study involving 413 research subjects at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital. Data analysis was carried out univariate and bivariate.&#x0D; Results: The absolute number of lymphocytes with the severity of COVID-19 has a negative correlation, with a strong correlation strength, which is expressed by the value of r = -0.617 and the degree of significance of p = 0.000.&#x0D; Conclusion: There is a correlation between absolute lymphocyte count and the severity of COVID-19 at Dr. Mohammad Hoesin General Hospital Palembang.

Clinical significance of circulating neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets in newly diagnosed patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.

Lymphocytes play crucial roles in tumor surveillance in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), a biomarker for systematic inflammation, has been confirmed to be a prognostic factor for many malignant diseases. Herein, we conducted a systemic in-depth study of circulating neutrophils and lymphocyte subsets in DLBCL patients and their dynamics along with chemoimmunotherapy. A total of 61 patients with DLBCL were enrolled. Detection of lymphocyte subsets by flow cytometry was conducted at diagnosis and after 2/4/6/8 cycles' treatment of R-CHOP. Clinical significance, including incidence of infection, curative effect and disease-free survival (DFS), was analyzed based on the patients' clinical data and the quantity of lymphocyte subsets. The absolute numbers of neutrophils in stage III-IV DLBCL patients were obviously increased (p = 0.012), while the absolute numbers of lymphocytes were decreased (p = 0.025). Consequently, DLBCL patients had significantly higher NLR than healthy controls (p < 0.001). Further analysis of lymphocyte subsets showed a significantly reduced CD4 + T cells in DLBCL patients (p = 0.001). Patients with a lower lymphocyte counts (< 1.26*10E9/L) were more susceptible to infection (p < 0.001). NK cells were much higher in patients achieving complete remission than those of non-complete remission (p = 0.032). Higher neutrophils and NLR were closely associated with poorer DFS (p = 0.001 and p = 0.045, respectively). Circulating cells in DLBCL patients were dysregulated, featured with increased neutrophils and reduced lymphocytes. Higher NK cells before treatment predicted better therapeutic outcome. Higher neutrophils and NLR can be regarded as inferior prognostic predictors for DLBCL patients at diagnosis.

Immunological risk factors for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in patients with psoriatic arthritis: New predictive nomograms and natural killer cells.

ObjectiveTo search for the immunological risk factors of Psoriatic arthritis (PsA) combined with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), development and assessment of predictive nomograms for NAFLD risk in patients with PsA, and to further explore the correlation between risk factors and dyslipidemia.MethdsA total of 127 patients with PsA (46 with NAFLD and 81 without NAFLD) were included in this retrospective study. The clinical and serological parameters of the patients were collected. The percentage and the absolute number of lymphocytes and CD4+T cells were determined by Flow cytometry. Univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression analysis was used to screen independent risk factors of PsA complicated with NAFLD in the model population, and a nomogram prediction model was developed and assessed.Results(1) Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of the modeling population showed that the percentage of peripheral blood T helper 1 cells (Th1%) (OR=1.12, P=0.001), body mass index (BMI) (OR=1.22, P=0.005) and triglycerides (TG) (OR=4.78, P=0.003) were independent risk factors for NAFLD in patients with PsA, which were incorporated and established a nomogram prediction model. The model has good discrimination and calibration, and also has certain clinical application value. (2) The number of peripheral blood NK cells in PsA patients was significantly positively correlated with serum triglyceride (TG) (r=0.489, P<0.001), cholesterol (CHOL) (r=0.314, P=0.003) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (r=0.362, P=0.001) levels.ConclusionsOur study shows that the novel NAFLD nomogram could assess the risk of NAFLD in PsA patients with good efficiency. In addition, peripheral blood NK cell levels may be associated with dyslipidemia in patients with PsA.

Quantitative and qualitative composition of lymphocyte populations and subpopulations in patients with varying severity of a new coronavirus infection

SARS-CoV-2 can cause a decrease in the number of lymphocytes and their functional activity. In patients with COVID-19, especially with a severe course of the disease, a decrease in the quantitative composition of the main populations of lymphocytes is recorded. These indicators do not recover for a long time after recovery. However, it is still not known how long the quantitative and qualitative changes in the composition of lymphocytes will last and whether the severity of the infection affects this process. The aim of our study was to assess the quantitative and qualitative composition of the main populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with a new coronavirus infection of varying severity. 65 patients with a new coronavirus infection were examined. The average age of the subjects was 47.314.5 years. The volunteers were divided into three groups according to the severity of the infection: asymptomatic (n = 21); moderate (n = 32); severe (n = 12). The relative and absolute number of T-lymphocytes (CD3+), T-helper cells (CD3+CD4+), cytotoxic lymphocytes (CD3+CD8+), natural killers (CD3CD16+CD56+), TNK-lymphocytes (CD3+CD16CD56+) and B-lymphocytes (CD45+CD19+) were determined. To calculate the percentage of lymphocytes, whole blood was lysed with OPTILYSE C solution (Beckman Coulter, USA) and stained with monoclonal antibodies CD3+-FITC/CD8+-ECD/CD4+-PC5/CD16+CD56+PE and CD45+-Pacific Blue/CD19+-PC5 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Cytofluorometry was performed on a flow cytofluorometer Navios (Beckman Coulter, USA). The results of our studies showed that there were no statistically significant changes in the relative and absolute number of immunocompetent cells in asymptomatic patients with a new coronavirus infection, compared with the control group. With an average severity of the disease, a decrease in the relative and absolute content of CD3+ and CD8+ lymphocytes was revealed, these indicators were restored to control values six months after recovery. In patients with severe infection, there was a decrease in the relative and absolute number of T cells and cytotoxic lymphocytes. These values remained significantly below normal for six months and returned to normal only seven to eight months after recovery. Also, the volunteers of this group were found to have a decrease in the number of natural killers and TNK cells. Thus, the data obtained by us indicate that pathological changes concerning the relative and absolute number of the main populations and subpopulations of lymphocytes in patients with COVID-19 depend on the severity of the disease. The number of T-lymphocytes, cytotoxic lymphocytes, natural killer cells, that is, populations of cells that play a crucial role in effective antiviral protection, has been reduced in those who have undergone a new coronavirus infection in moderate and severe form. This information can be useful for expanding methodological approaches to the diagnosis, treatment of a new coronavirus infection, as well as measures for the rehabilitation of those who have suffered it.

Analysis of the results of radiotherapy and chemoradiotherapy on the background of immunotherapy of patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx.

Advances in medicine, especially in the field of immunology in oncology, contribute to the development of new ways and methods of treating cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Preclinical and clinical studies of cytokine and dendritic cell therapy, blockade of immune checkpoints, T cell uptake, treatment with monoclonal antibodies and peptide vac-cines are performed. Some of these immunotherapeutic drugs are introduced into medical practice. Changes in the immune system of patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx justify the feasibility of further targeted research of new immunotherapeutic effects on malignant tumors. The article represents the data of the analysis of antitumor immunity in 61 patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx who re-ceived (chemo) radiotherapy against the background of immunotherapy with the immune agent containing alpha/beta-defensins, and compares laboratory indices with clinical observation of tumor regression in patients. The influence of the immune agent containing alpha/beta-defensins was determined by analyzing the changes in the absolute and relative numbers of lymphocytes, the number of CD3+ T cells, natural killers (NK) and natural killer T cells (NKT cells). The preparation containing alpha/beta-defensins has been found to enhance cytostatic antitumor effect of (chemo) radiotherapy, having a dose-dependent and cytoprotective effects considering NK cells, so the immune response to the tumor development is enhanced with the use of this agent. The data of laboratory examination of immune status correspond to the direct results of tumor regression in patients with cancer of the oral cavity and oropharynx. Clinically higher regression indices are in patients receiving radiotherapy with immunotherapy at doses of 40 and 60mg. We confirmed the antitumor efficacy of the immunomodulatory agent containing alpha/beta-defensins in the treatment of patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity and oropharynx and the reasonability of its use on the clinic.

Prognostic values of LDH and Hematological factors in Patients with Sudden Hearing Loss

Objective: In our study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between Lactate Dehydrogenase and hematological parameters, neutrophil, Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume serum levels in patients with Sudden sensorineural hearing loss prognosis. Methods: 60 patients were hospitalized and treated for Sudden Hearing Loss at Dicle University Hospital Ear Nose Throat Clinic between May 2013 and April 2020, and 60 healthy individuals without any health problems were included in the study. Pretreatment peripheral blood was drawn from all subjects, followed by routine blood cell analysis. The absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and platelets in peripheral blood were obtained, and the Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio, platelet lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume of each case were calculated. Results: A total of 120 participants, including 60 Sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients case group and 60 healthy individuals in the control group, were included in the study. The median age of the case group was 46.0 (29.0-55.0), and the control group was 48.0 (33.5-58.5), and no statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of age (p = 0.191). The median Lactate Dehydrogenase, Neutrophil, and Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio of the case group was significantly higher than the control group (p &lt;0.05). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of thrombocyte, mean platelet volume, lymphocyte, platelet lymphocyte ratio, body mass index, and gender (p&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: We think that the increase in Lactate Dehydrogenase level may be a poor prognostic factor in patients with sudden hearing loss that does not improve. In addition, we believe that the increase in neutrophil count and Neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is quite significant but cannot be considered a poor prognostic factor.

238-OR: A Single Hypoglycemic Event Causes a Prolonged Immune Response

Hypoglycemia acutely activates the immune system and is associated with an increased risk for atherosclerotic disease. Since atherosclerosis is driven by inflammation, we set out to determine the duration of the pro-inflammatory response to a hypoglycemic event in people with and without diabetes. Adults with type 1 diabetes (n = 47) or insulin-treated type 2 diabetes (n = 15) , and age-matched controls without diabetes (n = 32) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic (5.2 ± 0.4 mmol/L) -hypoglycemic (2.8 ± 0.1 mmol/L) glucose clamp. Before, during and up to a week thereafter, blood was drawn to determine circulating immune cell composition and function combined with measurements of and circulating hs-CRP concentrations. At baseline, participants with diabetes had higher counts of produced cytokines and hs-CRP compared to individuals without diabetes (all p &amp;lt; 0.01) . In response to hypoglycemia, absolute numbers of lymphocytes (1.57 ± 0.53 vs. 2.69 ± 0.95·103/µL) and monocytes (0.40 ± 0.14 vs. 0.62 ± 0.22·103/µL) increased acutely and remained elevated for one week in all subgroups (all p &amp;lt; 0.001) . During hypoglycemia, the proportion of pro-inflammatory CD16+-monocytes increased from 26.9 ± 13.3% to 38.1 ± 14.9% and the proportion of phagocytotic CD14+-monocytes decreased from 65.2 ± 14.4% to 54.5 ± 15.9% in all subgroups (all p &amp;lt; 0.01) . Stimulated monocytes released more TNF-α and IL-1β, and less IL-during hypoglycemia. Similarly, hs-CRP concentrations increased from 2.± 3.20 µg/mL to 2.71 ± 3.57 µg/mL 1 day after the clamp (p &amp;lt; 0.001) and remained elevated for one week (p &amp;lt; 0.001) thereafter to similar extent in all subgroups. In conclusion, a single hypoglycemic event induces a prolonged immune response in humans independent of the presence of diabetes. Disclosure C.E.Verhulst: None. J.Van heck: None. T.W.Fabricius: None. R.Stienstra: None. C.Tack: Advisory Panel; Bayer AG, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Lilly Diabetes, Novo Nordisk. U.Pedersen-bjergaard: Advisory Panel; Novo Nordisk A/S, Sanofi. B.E.De galan: Research Support; Novo Nordisk. Hypo-resolve consortium: n/a. Funding The Innovative Medicines Initiative 2 Joint Undertaking (JU) under grant agreement 777460. The JU receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program and EFPIA and T1D Exchange, JDRF, International Diabetes Federation (IDF) , The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust.