Absolute Leader Research Articles

Considering the temperature factor of hardening concrete in the construction of transport infrastructure facilities

Currently, there is a significant increase in personal and commercial road transport in the Russian Federation, which is why the issue of building new roads, bridges, tunnels, and other crossings is becoming more acute. Since often during the construction of these facilities, one of the main tasks is to minimize the construction period of the object, the process of intensifying production processes comes first. Based on the fact that the absolute leader in the use of reinforced concrete as the main building material, it is important and necessary to observe all the quality characteristics of this material both at the stage of laying the concrete mixture in the formwork, and in the process of maintaining the hardening concrete until the termination of heat-and-humidity care for it. In this regard, in order to optimize the temperature factor of hardening concrete in the construction of transport infrastructure facilities, it is necessary to provide measures at the design stage to consider the influence of the temperature gradient of hardening concrete on the operational properties of building structures. The article presents the main methods for considering the temperature factor of the hardening concrete of the constructed structures, developed by the authors of the work, the use of which will ensure the defect-free concreting of objects, including in an accelerated time.

The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the volume of labor migration, employment, and remittances

Flows of external labor migration in most cases occur under the influence of the internal economic and political situation in the country; however, in 2020 these trends changed significantly for reasons which did not depend on the socio-economic situation. In order to determine the volume of labor migration in 2020, an analysis was conducted. According to the results, it has been concluded that, despite the restrictive quarantine measures implemented in the European Union (EU) that caused the partial return of migrants to their countries, the rise in unemployment and slow economic growth, labor migrants are highly employed in key occupations of EU that are vital in the fight against coronavirus disease (COVID-19). It has been noticed that EU countries increase the number of officially issued residence permits to citizens of non-member countries every year, and Ukraine has become the absolute leader in the number of received residence permits, as well as the leader among European countries by the volume of the received remittances. An abstract-logical and systematic approach, analytical, comparative, graphical, and critical methods were used in the study. Prospects for external labor migration of Ukrainians to European countries have been identified.

Micro-business in France: specificity, role in the national economy, system of state support

Micro-business functioning has a significant impact on the state of the economy and social sphere of any country. The French pattern is noteworthy because a country, that had been aiming at the development of large groups for a long time earlier, only in two decades managed to build a successful system of governmental support for micro-business that includes both specific and common measures for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The study attempts to identify current development trends of the micro-business in France and also to analyse the effectiveness of the state support system provided for the activities of the considered category of the economic entities. Depending on the nature of the subject matter, the author used such methods and approaches of scientific knowledge as induction and deduction, analysis and synthesis, system-structural, comparative and statistical analysis. The study analyses in detail the current development trends of the micro-business in France, including its sectorial and regional specifics, estimates the contribution of micro-enterprises to the economic and social development of the country and deeply examines the system of state support. Micro-enterprises take an important place in the French economy by providing one fifth of the employment in the country and the same share of value added. Meanwhile, micro-enterprises are quite weakly oriented towards export because their activities are targeted mainly at the local markets and concentrated in the services sector. Micro-enterprises contribute little to research and development (considering the percentage of total expenditure on research and development and the percentage of total employment in scientific research sector). However, micro-business remains an absolute leader in terms of research and development intensity by spending almost one third of its turnover on researches and considering the share of the direct financial assistance from the state in total expenditures on scientific researches. To date, a sufficiently effective system of public support to micro-business has been formed in France. Apart from providing financial assistance, the system includes substantial tax benefits and simplified taxation schemes, easy reporting system and simple procedures for filing tax return, facilitated social regime, simplification of major bureaucratic formalities and strong information support in all stages of functioning of an enterprise.

First systematic review on PM-bound water: exploring the existing knowledge domain using the CiteSpace software

Aerosol water is a master component of atmospheric aerosols and a medium that enables all aqueous-phase reactions occurring in the atmosphere. This integral chemical compound of suspended aerosol particles (PM) has become one of the hottest issues in recent years. To look for scientific productivity in the area of PM-bound water research a bibliometric analysis was performed. Most actual literature regarding aerosol and particulate bound water and implications of the research in this field was downloaded from WOS database using 1996–2018 timespan. Different bibliographic statistics were used to get a general profile of leading authorships, institutions, countries and mainstream journals providing most highly cited articles in the field. Using the CiteSpace software it was possible to identify past trends and possible future directions in measuring aerosol bound water. The search terms used in the database were {“aerosol” AND “water” OR “chemical mass balance”} AND {“particulate matter” OR “PM-bound water” OR “hygroscopic”}. The answers to the following questions were found: which authors, countries, institutions and aerosol journals to the greatest degree influenced PM-bound water research?. The network of co-occurring noun phrases was extracted from the set of publications, followed by co-citation analysis. The network was also clustered by top terms which gave a clear picture of topics most often undertaken. Finally the publication meeting eligibility criteria were looked for chemical compounds most frequently determined in PM-bound water research, which help to indicate works where quantitative assessment of PM-bound water was performed. Obtained results indicate that the paper with the greatest citation burst was Tang and Munkelwitz (J Geophys Res Atmos 99(D9):18801–18808, 1994). The largest number of articles in this specific field was published in Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. An absolute leader in the quantity of publications among all research institutions is National Aeronautics Space Administration NASA. Meteorology and Atmospheric sciences is the discipline most occupied by highly cited journals in this field. Clustering results indicate that the research has mainly focused on hygroscopic measurement of aerosol, hygroscopic growth of particles; aerosol liquid water, and hygroscopic behavior. Most articles rather points PM-bound water as an artifact in organic carbon and ions measurements without detailed analysis of its contents or probable origin. The number of publications in each cluster of the build network is relatively high, which indicate that scholars have formed a rather consistent studies in the theme of aerosol-bound water. Despite a relevant role played by aerosol-bound water in atmospheric processes a quantitative description of its contents is rather rarely found in the literature (with the total number of only 23 papers concerning PM-bound water contents). In terms of yield, USA, China and Italy ranked highest, playing a propelling role in the research on PM-bound water. Future trends in PM-bound water research should be directed to a quantitative measurements of its contents; source apportionment, chemical composition of PM—modulating its hygroscopicity and therefore cloud formation processes, and the assessment of artefacts influencing the quality of PM-bound water measurements. Those areas should be especially developed in future studies and scientific projects concerning atmospheric water.

SPECIFICITY OF THE MINING INDUSTRY AS A TYPE OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of the mining industry as a type of economic activity. The role of mining in modern industrial relations as a source of mineral resources, including fuel and energy, is shown. Thanks to taxes and resource rents, this industry is the absolute leader in the share of income redistributed in favor of the state budget. The conditions under which mining is a driver of sustainable economic development are identified. The author singles out and characterizes such distinctive features of the mining industry as a high level of costs due to natural factors, capital intensity, scale, long-term concentration of production, active participation of the state, and high volatility of prices for mining products.

The Research of Compression Pressure Effect in System External Coolers of LNG Technological Cycle

As it is well known, that the demand for natural gas is growing, because it is the most environmentally friendly type of fuel. In addition to minimal environmental impact, natural gas has good operational and energy characteristics, which makes it an absolute leader in the global energy market. During liquefaction, natural gas becomes 600 times smaller in volume, which allows it to be transported by any ways over long distances. The issue of economic feasibility of transportation is decided on an individual basis. But liquefied natural gas (LNG) production is an energy-intensive process that requires significant operating costs. Therefore, the present work is devoted to the study of the effect of compression pressure on energy consumption in closed loops. The nitrogen and propane cycles are taken as an example.

Assessment of the innovative potential of agriculture of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union

The study is devoted to assessing the innovative potential of agriculture of the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union. As part of the work, it was revealed that the Member States of the Union were united in order to ensure sustainable development in the current and strategic perspective. The analyzed agricultural indicators led to the conclusion that the Russian Federation is the absolute leader in terms of gross output and distribution of agricultural products, the Republic of Kazakhstan occupies the second place, and the Republic of Belarus in third place. At the same time, the specific indicator reflecting the collection and production of agricultural products per capita, which indicates the innovative development of agriculture, was analyzed in the work, as a result, it was revealed that the Russian Federation ranks last in terms of certain indicators. In this connection, mechanisms were proposed in the work aimed at increasing the innovative development of agriculture in the member states of the Eurasian Economic Union.

The Role of Investment and Innovation Activities of Coal Mining Enterprises in Increasing the Level of Environmental Safety of Country and Region

The key role of investment and innovation activities of coal industry enterprises in improving the environmental safety of regions specializing in coal mining is substantiated in the article. The coal industry enterprises are recognized by the world scientific community as the absolute leader in the field of negative impact on the environment and industrial production waste generation. In this regard, one of the most important tasks of increasing the investment and innovation activities of coal companies, the introduction of modern technologies should be not only an increase in labor productivity and production efficiency, but also a reduction of anthropogenic impact on the environment. Despite the obviousness of the presented thesis, the trends characterizing the coal industry as the most inert and low-innovative sphere, which follows the path of extensive development, continue to dominate. The insignificant increase in investments in fixed assets, periodically followed by a recession, the reduction of trapped and neutralized air polluting substances, the lack of demand for innovations in the coal industry, as well as their low impact on ensuring compliance with modern technical standards, procedures and rules, bear evidence of low responsibility of business entities and inefficient measures of state economic policy in the field of improving environmental safety in the commodity-dependent regions.

What Has Changed in the Structure of Revision Hip Arthroplasty?

The key aspects of the study: 1) what has changed in the structure of revisions in recent years? 2) what is the spectrum of reasons for revision after primary hip arthroplasty and re-revision? 3) what are the demographic features of patients’ population undergoing the revision? Materials and methods. The authors conducted a retrospective evaluation of 2415 hip revision cases during the period of time from 2014 until 2018. Separately the authors assessed revisions after primary surgeries and re-revisions as well as the group of early revisions. Results. In the period from 2014 until 2018 the overall share of revisions was 16,6% from all total hip arthroplasties, at the same time the authors reported the absolute 1.7 times increase in number of revisions as well as increased share of revisions in the total structure of hip arthroplasty from 12,5% to 18,9% without significant variances in the number of primary procedures. The share of early revisions increased from 32.9% in 2013 to 56.7% while the number of early revisions amounted to 37.4% of all primary revisions. Gender composition in primary and revision hip arthroplasty varied insignificantly. Mean age at the moment of hip revision was 59.2% (95% CI from 58.7 to 59.7; Me 60 years) which is slightly less than in primary replacement — 60.2 years (95% CI from 58.9 to 61.1; Me 62 years), but such variances had a high statistical significance, р0.001. The main reasons for primary revisions were aseptic loosening of prosthesis components (50.3%), infection (27.6%), polyethylene wear and osteolysis (9.0%) as well as dislocations (6,2%). Re-revisions structure featured prevalence of infection (69.0%), aseptic loosening (20.8%) and dislocations (7,8%). Mean period of time after primary hip arthroplasty to revision was 7.9 years (95% CI from 7.7 to 8.2; Me 7.3), to first re-revision — 2.9 (95% CI from 2.6 to 3.2; Me 1.2), to second re-revision — 2.2 (95% CI from 1.8 to 2.7; Me 1.1), to third — 2,2 (95% CI from 1.7 to 2.8; Me 1.1), to fourth — 1.0 (95% CI from 0.6 to 1.3; Me 0.6), remaining cases demonstrated rather high heterogeneity. Conclusion. In the result of the present study the authors observed increased number of all revision hip arthroplasties, especially the share of early revisions within first five years from the moment of previous surgery. The most often reason for revision after primary hip arthroplasty was aseptic loosening of one or both components of prosthesis. Infection was the absolute leader in the group of re-revisions constituting over half of all reasons for secondary intervention.

RnaSPAdes: a de novo transcriptome assembler and its application to RNA-Seq data.

BackgroundThe possibility of generating large RNA-sequencing datasets has led to development of various reference-based and de novo transcriptome assemblers with their own strengths and limitations. While reference-based tools are widely used in various transcriptomic studies, their application is limited to the organisms with finished and well-annotated genomes. De novo transcriptome reconstruction from short reads remains an open challenging problem, which is complicated by the varying expression levels across different genes, alternative splicing, and paralogous genes.ResultsHerein we describe the novel transcriptome assembler rnaSPAdes, which has been developed on top of the SPAdes genome assembler and explores computational parallels between assembly of transcriptomes and single-cell genomes. We also present quality assessment reports for rnaSPAdes assemblies, compare it with modern transcriptome assembly tools using several evaluation approaches on various RNA-sequencing datasets, and briefly highlight strong and weak points of different assemblers.ConclusionsBased on the performed comparison between different assembly methods, we infer that it is not possible to detect the absolute leader according to all quality metrics and all used datasets. However, rnaSPAdes typically outperforms other assemblers by such important property as the number of assembled genes and isoforms, and at the same time has higher accuracy statistics on average comparing to the closest competitors.

РЕГІОНАЛЬНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ АГРОПРОДОВОЛЬЧОЮ ПРОДУКЦІЄЮ

Introduction. The intensification of globalization processes that characterize the beginning of the new millennium has led to the emergence of supranational structures of regional and global scope. The deepening of Ukraine's integration into the international trading space causes new opportunities and threats. The relatively large size of the territory of Ukraine as a European state and its administrative structure causes a number of differences in the socio-economic development of its regions. Identifying regional differences in foreign trade in agri-food products and their causes is an urgent task of the study, given the leading role of the agro-industrial sector in Ukraine's foreign trade. The aim of the study is to identify regional differences of foreign trade in agri-food products and identify their causes. Results of work. The analysis results of foreign trade in agro-food products on the average for 2016-2018 by regions are given. It is determined that the four leading export regions are Mykolaiv, Odesa, Kyiv and Vinnytsia, as they account for about 47,9 %. The regions were evaluated according to the following indicators: the volume of regional exports, the volume of production of cereals and legumes, the production of sunflower seeds. According to the results of the analysis, each region was assigned a corresponding rank, on the basis of the values of which the correlation coefficients of the regions ranks were calculated. It is determined that there is a close link between the region's place in the national agri-food export ratings and the production of cereals and legumes; and there is a median link between the region's place in the national agri-food export and sunflower seed ratings. Imports of agro-food products by regions are considered, where Kiev region is the absolute leader, which together with Odessa, Lviv and Dnipropetrovsk regions have 64.5 % of all corresponding imports. The analysis of agro-food products import by groups of goods is presented. The regions ranking by import volumes of agri-food products and disposable income per person has been done. The obtained coefficient of correlation of ranks testifies to the average degree of relation close to high. Conclusions. It is proved that the differences in the volumes of crop production mainly cereals, legumes and sunflower are the basis for regional differentiation of agricultural food exports, which testifies to the raw nature of exports, stagnation of livestock and unsatisfactory development of the domestic food industry. Differentiation of imports of agro-industrial products is caused by the difference in income of the population by regions. Keywords: agro-food products, export, import, balance, production, raw materials, processing, disposable income.

Morphometric characteristics of the collagen of periimplant zones by using suture material of different structure and chemical composition with the aim of correction of age skin changes

Morphometric analysis of collagenogenesis of perimplant zones was carried out at application of suture material of different structure and chemical composition for the purpose of establishing the quantitative composition of collagen. The thickness of the sleeve wall was measured using ImageJ ver.1.48u (1,2) using the “straight line” tool. The collagen density of the clutch wall and the collagen density in the surrounding tissues were measured by converting the images into black and white format, followed by obtaining a binary image using the “threshold” function of the ImageJ program. It is established that according to the indicators of thickness of a collagen sleeve and its density leaders are materials LLS. In terms of the density of collagen in tissues close to the clutch, the absolute leader is LLS material. In general, according to the values of all three parameters, the absolute leader in the intensity of collagen formation as the walls of the muffle and surrounding tissues is the LLS material, in the second place, on the aggregate of the three indicators, the materials NS and EV are located.

Statistical Analysis of the Most Influential Cryptocurrencies

A comparison of the most 30 influential cryptocurrencies has been made, based on the CoinMarketCap web page. Over the last few years, an increasing number of the world's population is investing in the cryptocurrency market. The emphasis is placed on Bitcoin, which is the absolute leader on this market. The difference between electronic money and virtual currency is explained, followed by the history of crypto values. Finally, the statistical analysis of the most influential cryptocurrencies, during the last year, will be presented.

A filmes merchandising megjelenési formáinak, alkalmazhatóságának és történetének irodalmi vizsgálata

THE AIMS OF THE PAPER Nowadays we may find that the brands and audiovisual elements of movies are not only present on the screens of movie theatres but in the form of various accompanying products appearing in retail stores as well. This phenomenon can also be defined as transfer, when distinct products and services are linked together with other events, in this case with the release of movies (thus creating relevancy between the two). This paper aims to explore the main characteristics of movie related merchandising and to study the various kinds of image transfer used by movies. It also aims to describe the role of merchandising among the other tools that are available to promote the a new movie’s release, and to find out what the possible criteria could be that a certain movie has to meet in order to make merchandising applicable as a promotional tool, what the main differences are between newly introduced intellectual properties and already existing brands of movie series. Finally it seeks to find out how the consumers' perception may have changed over time regarding the products and services involved. METHODOLOGY The methodology used in the study was to conduct literature review, summarizing the main theoretical approaches and contexts, and exploring the results of major related researches that have taken place in the recent years. MOST IMPORTANT RESULTS Among the results, we can highlight the growing interest in merchandising and especially the activities carried out by Disney, which is considered to be the absolute leader of this area. It should be noted however, that due to some growing uncertainty, the timing of merchandising is often pushed towards the home releases. RECOMMENDATIONS Our suggestion is to conduct an empirical research that could examine all aspects of cross-promotion between movies and related merchandising, as well as digital solutions that have gained ground in recent years.

Tourist Potential of Slovakia: Realized Opportunities, Prospects of Increasing the Efficiency of Use

The article is devoted to the consideration of the current state of tourism potential in Slovakia and analysis of opportunities to increase its efficiency for the development of the tourist market of the country. Analysis of the tourist potential of Slovakia showed that the industry is rapidly developing due to the presence of unique natural recreational, historical and cultural resources in the country. However, due to insufficiently high level of service, undeveloped tourism infrastructure, the country is not able to realize its potential. In order to achieve higher growth rates in the tourism industry, Slovakia needs to realize a set of long-term and short-term goals, identify key markets, adapt the tourist product to world-class, stabilize the tourism market and get new markets for existing tourist products. In order to reveal the topic, a number of techniques used for geographic and economic sciences are used: methods of analysis, systematic, dialectical, economic-comparative, geographic-economic. The purpose of this work is to explore the tourism potential of Slovakia and to determine the possibilities of increasing its efficiency in building the tourism market of the country. It is shown that individual programs of the tourist market development of the country have been successfully implemented successfully today. Thanks to the public-private partnership, the country has created quite favorable conditions for the development of both organized international and domestic tourism, as well as for independent travel. According to the tourism development rating, Slovakia is an absolute leader on such indicators as the gross domestic product per capita, the share of tourism in GDP, the number of foreign tourist trips, as well as the place in the competitiveness rating of the tourism sector of the country. Based on the research conducted on the effectiveness of the country's tourism potential, a SWOT-analysis of the tourism industry was carried out.

Influence of existing social and economic interactions on sustainable territory development: the case of Iceland

Iceland was identified as a typical country with relatively high achieved competitiveness level and at the same time negative growth capacity - so, with eroded sustainability of territory development. As a research hypothesis the authors suggest that Iceland's social and economic interactions with other worlds-economies are not diversified enough. The analysis of export/import and international migration flows of Iceland shows that a market-capitalist world-economy is an absolute leader (80-90 %) for Icelandic international trade and migration. Analysis of air logistical interconnections shows that a kind of sub-world-economy is formed which can be referred to as a Northern-Atlantic one. As results of regression analysis show social and economic interactions with the representatives of its own world-economy mainly draw Iceland’s sustainable territory development in their direction, and, as the trends of their development are negative or stagnate (USA and Spain), Iceland’s trend of sustainable territory development is also drawn after them. In its turn, rather infrequent social and economic interactions with other worlds-economies either do not influence significantly Iceland’s sustainable territory development (as interactions with Brazil do) or influence in the opposite way (as interactions with China do). Therefore, the practical efficiency of recommendation of Human Development Report 2013 to interact more actively with other worlds-economies is not so far proved in social and economic reality - at least, in the case with Iceland as a typical highly-developed capitalist country.

Development Of Ict Support Of Hungarian Meat Sector

<p class="AbstractText">Food safety and quality are keys to companies' business survival and great efforts and resources are devoted to them. Through the quick development of computer technology, a number of new and innovative methods have been elaborated to solve this problem.A full traceability of products can be realized by the adaptation of numbering and bar code systems, as well as by electronic and biological marking systems, on the basis of their appropriate combination. Identification technologiesmake the traceability of a product in aproduct chain possible and their use is relevant during almost every phase of the product line, as it is necessary to provide for the unambiguous identification of each individual product.In order to compare the identification technologies, we have to consider several factors. While there are numerous advantages and disadvantages for each solution in comparison with the other techniques, we still cannot unanimously choose the one that conforms to the requirements of the meat industry product chain the best, as there are different challenges on each step of the product chain. We performed the comparison of the identification technologies on the basis of different characteristics. Our objective was to explore, systemize and analyze those identification technologies applicable for meat industrial product chains. The regulations of identification provide for the continuity and reliabilityof tracing among independent partners. Our research focused on food tracing systems, utilized identification systems and those which may become applicable in the future. We also studied information technology tools and examined the establishment of Hungarian meat industry enterprises. Based on our survey, we established that the bar code technique is currently the absolute leader in the sector,although modern solutions provide numerous advantages, their profitable application is not possible for the time being.</p>

Kepemimpinan Terhadap Perempuan (Respon Feminisme Terhadap Qowwâmah)

According to the view of muslim feminists towards Qawwâmah, male and female are equal in all aspects of life. The difference is only in taqwa. According of them, it’s not Qawwam if the male is not capable in showing the capability, but according to the view of the mufasirs, Qawwâmah is to lead, to educate, defend, maintain and guide to uprightness. According to the analysis and thought comparison, the feminists rejected the concept of male leadership of women, indirectly because of their assumption that leadership is not entitled to males but can also be taken up by the female. While the muffasirs interpret the verse as the male as absolute leader of the female, either in domestic, ritual and social.

Development of ICT Support of Hungarian Meat Sector

Food safety and quality are keys to companies' business survival and great efforts and resources are devoted to them. Through the quick development of computer technology, a number of new and innovative methods have been elaborated to solve this problem. A full traceability of products can be realized by the adaptation of numbering and bar code systems, as well as by electronic and biological marking systems, on the basis of their appropriate combination. Identification technologies make the traceability of a product in a product chain possible and their use is relevant during almost every phase of the product line, as it is necessary to provide for the unambiguous identification of each individual product. In order to compare the identification technologies, we have to consider several factors. While there are numerous advantages and disadvantages for each solution in comparison with the other techniques, we still cannot unanimously choose the one that conforms to the requirements of the meat industry product chain the best, as there are different challenges on each step of the product chain. We performed the comparison of the identification technologies on the basis of different characteristics. Our objective was to explore, systemize and analyze those identification technologies applicable for meat industrial product chains. The regulations of identification provide for the continuity and reliability of tracing among independent partners. Our research focused on food tracing systems, utilized identification systems and those which may become applicable in the future. We also studied information technology tools and examined the establishment of Hungarian meat industry enterprises. Based on our survey, we established that the bar code technique is currently the absolute leader in the sector, although modern solutions provide numerous advantages, their profitable application is not possible for the time being.

Assessing the performance of community‐available global MHD models using key system parameters and empirical relationships

AbstractGlobal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) modeling is a powerful tool in space weather research and predictions. There are several advanced and still developing global MHD (GMHD) models that are publicly available via Community Coordinated Modeling Center's (CCMC) Run on Request system, which allows the users to simulate the magnetospheric response to different solar wind conditions including extraordinary events, like geomagnetic storms. Systematic validation of GMHD models against observations still continues to be a challenge, as well as comparative benchmarking of different models against each other. In this paper we describe and test a new approach in which (i) a set of critical large‐scale system parameters is explored/tested, which are produced by (ii) specially designed set of computer runs to simulate realistic statistical distributions of critical solar wind parameters and are compared to (iii) observation‐based empirical relationships for these parameters. Being tested in approximately similar conditions (similar inputs, comparable grid resolution, etc.), the four models publicly available at the CCMC predict rather well the absolute values and variations of those key parameters (magnetospheric size, magnetic field, and pressure) which are directly related to the large‐scale magnetospheric equilibrium in the outer magnetosphere, for which the MHD is supposed to be a valid approach. At the same time, the models have systematic differences in other parameters, being especially different in predicting the global convection rate, total field‐aligned current, and magnetic flux loading into the magnetotail after the north‐south interplanetary magnetic field turning. According to validation results, none of the models emerges as an absolute leader. The new approach suggested for the evaluation of the models performance against reality may be used by model users while planning their investigations, as well as by model developers and those interesting to quantitatively evaluate progress in magnetospheric modeling.