Absolute Density Research Articles

Occurrence and Distribution of Plant Parasitic Nematodes in Mungbean in Jaipur District, Rajasthan, India

Aim: Mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) R. Wilczek) is one of the important pulse crops grown in India. Considering the economic importance of nematodes as disease causing organism of mungbean the present investigation was carried out to know the distribution of plant parasitic nematodes in mungbean crops in Jaipur district of Rajasthan. Methodology: A total 139 soil samples were collected from mungbean fields of 12 different localities in Jaipur district. The samples were processed using Cobb's sieving and decanting technique followed by Baermann's funnel technique and nematode population was counted in suspension and identified on the basis of their morphological characters. Results: The samples were infected with mainly four genera of plant parasitic nematodes i.e., Meloidogyne spp., Helicotylenchus spp., Pratylenchus spp. and Tylenchorhynchus spp. etc. Out of 139 soil samples, 120 samples showed the presence of Meloidogyne javanica with 86.33 % occurrence, 18.82 % absolute density, 83.81 % relative density and 15.85 % prominence value and found most predominant in different surveyed localities in Jaipur district.

Observation of meteors from space with the Mini-EUSO detector on board the International Space Station

Context. Observations of meteors in the Earth’s atmosphere offer a unique tool for determining the flux of meteoroids that are too small to be detected by direct telescopic observations. Although these objects are routinely observed from ground-based facilities, such as meteor and fireball networks, space-based instruments come with notable advantages and have the potential to achieve a broad and uniform exposure. Aims. In this paper, we describe the first observations of meteor events with Mini-EUSO, a very wide field-of-view telescope launched in August 2019 from the Baikonur cosmodrome and installed on board the Russian Zvezda module of the International Space Station. Mini-EUSO can map the night-time Earth in the near-UV range (290-130 nm) with a field of view equal to 44° × 44° and a spatial resolution of about 4.7 km at an altitude of 100 km from the ground. The detector saves triggered transient phenomena with a sampling frequency of 2.5 µs and 320 µs, as well as a continuous acquisition at 40.96 ms scale that is suitable for meteor observations. Methods. We designed two dedicated and complementary trigger methods, together with an analysis pipeline able to estimate the main physical parameters of the observed population of meteors, such as the duration, horizontal speed, azimuth, and absolute magnitude. To compute the absolute flux of meteors from Mini-EUSO observations, we implemented a simulation framework able to estimate the detection efficiency as a function of the meteor magnitude and the background illumination conditions. Results. The instrument detected 24 thousand meteors within the first 40 data-taking sessions from November 2019 to August 2021, for a total observation time of approximately 6 days with a limiting absolute magnitude of +6. Our estimation of the absolute flux density of meteoroids in the range of mass between 10−5 kg to 10−1 kg was found to be comparable to other results available in the literature. Conclusions. The results of this work prove the potential for space-based observations to increase the statistics of meteor observations achievable with instruments operating on the ground. The slope of the mass distribution of meteoroids sampled with Mini-EUSO suggests a mass index of either s = 2.09 ± 0.02 or s = 2.31 ± 0.03, according to two different methodologies for the computation of the pre-atmospheric mass starting from the luminosity of each event.

Modelling wild boar abundance at high resolution

Abstract By using the latest available data, we provide estimates of wild boar (Sus scrofa) distribution and abundance pre‐African Swine Fever (ASF) based on occurrence data in Europe. Secondly, as a basis for the calibration model output into densities, we used the predictions of relative abundance, and hunting yield‐based model (hunted individuals per km2), at 2x2 km for wild boar (by ENETWILD Consortium) and local wild boar densities (individuals per km2) considered reliable and obtained in the framework of the European Observatory of Wildlife (EOW), as well as some from recent literature (2015 onwards). Hunting yield predictions were considered at different spatial scales namely 5, 10 and 15 km radii buffer around localities with density estimations. The calibration of hunting yield‐based model into densities are a better fit for 15 km radius buffer and a significant relationship between model predictions of hunting yield and reliable density values at European level. This calibration of wild boar hunting yield‐based model into densities will offer the possibility to predict density values of wild boar. This will be useful to incorporate into risk factor analyses for African Swine Fever at the selected spatial range. This is the first time that absolute density estimates have been made using these two approaches for Europe, which demonstrates the added value of the observatory approach (a number of study areas where reliable density values are obtained, such as from the EOW) to generate novel information of high value for epidemiological assessment. During an ASF outbreak hunting effort will change dramatically and will take a few years to return to similar pre‐ASF levels, so post‐ASF estimates of density would be limited to areas where ASF has been present for a while. However, there will be relatively limited effect on sighting data as these rely on a number of different actors, many of whom may be expected to return to normal activities relatively soon after ASF arrives. Thus, relative post‐ASF wild boar density may be more reliable in the short term. These relative post‐ASF densities were calculated but with the limited sighting data available at the chosen locations the uncertainty was high. We advocate for the developing this nework of wildlife monitoring across Europe, and in general, harmioized wildlife monitoring programs, ensuring standardisation and consistency in the data generated and collected, which is essential for assessing management and risks related not only to ASF but other wildlife diseases.

Liquid-to-gas transfer of sodium in a liquid cathode glow discharge

Plasma-liquid interactions have been extensively studied with a focus on the transport of reactive species from the plasma to the liquid phase and their induced liquid phase chemistry and resulting applications. While solute transfer from the liquid to the gas phase in plasmas has been widely used in analytical chemistry, the underlying processes remain relatively unexplored. We report spatially and temporally resolved absolute density measurements of sodium in a plasma with a NaCl solution cathode using two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TaLIF). The observed non-linear increase in sodium density with solution conductivity is shown to correlate with droplet generation as visualized by Mie scattering. The findings are explained by droplet generation by electrospray induced by Taylor cone formation as underpinning mechanism for the introduction of sodium in the plasma. An analytical sheath model combined with a scaling law shows an increase in electric field force with solution conductivity that is consistent with the observed non-linear increase in sodium density in the plasma with solution conductivity.

The Prospective Association between Early Life Growth and Breast Density in Young Adult Women.

Breast density is a strong intermediate endpoint to investigate the association between early-life exposures and breast cancer risk. This study investigates the association between early-life growth and breast density in young adult women measured using Optical Breast Spectroscopy (OBS) and Dual X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA). OBS measurements were obtained for 536 female Raine Cohort Study participants at ages 27-28, with 268 completing DXA measurements. Participants with three or more height and weight measurements from ages 8 to 22 were used to generate linear growth curves for height, weight and body mass index (BMI) using SITAR modelling. Three growth parameters (size, velocity and timing) were examined for association with breast density measures, adjusting for potential confounders. Women who reached their peak height rapidly (velocity) and later in adolescence (timing) had lower OBS-breast density. Overall, women who were taller (size) had higher OBS-breast density. For weight, women who grew quickly (velocity) and later in adolescence (timing) had higher absolute DXA-breast density. Overall, weight (size) was also inversely associated with absolute DXA-breast density, as was BMI. These findings provide new evidence that adolescent growth is associated with breast density measures in young adult women, suggesting potential mediation pathways for breast cancer risk in later life.

Improving the accuracy of interferometer testing with absolute surface calibration and power spectral density analysis

A novel absolute surface calibration method for interferometer testing based on power spectral density analysis has been proposed. The method involves obtaining the loss of signal at different frequencies as a function of various rotation angles by signal analysis to choose the rotation angle for calibration. A model is developed to evaluate the calibration method by creating random surface shapes based on the Power Spectral Density. Using this algorithm, the precision of the absolute testing method during the testing process exceeds 0.28 %. Error propagation during the experimental process, such as testing optic clamping, angular errors, eccentricity, vibrations and airflow disturbances, were calibrated. Ultimately, the absolute detection test results were verified using high-precision flat mirrors. The experimental result indicates an RMS of 4.275 nm, 4.263 nm, and 4.265 nm in different rotation angle, and the calibrated result shows an RMS of 4.880 nm. The shape of surface errors in the absolute test results and calibration results is consistent.

Optimization of the recycled aggregate processing using the full factorial design approach, chemical, physical and microstructural characterization of treated aggregates by pre-coated with cementitious paste

The present study aims to study the treatment of (RCA) faction (16/25) by their encapsulation into cement slurry with a (W/C) ratio of (0.5). A complete factorial plan 23was applied by considering three independent factors, namely the state of RCA (GR), the soaking time into slurry (DT) and the hardening time (RCA) (A). The selected responses are the compressive strength and the water accessible porosity (voids) of concrete incorporate treated (RCA), after 28 days of curing. The results were analyzed using the statistical software JMP Trial 16.The compressive strength of concretes showed an increase between 20.5 % and 21.04 % with respect to (NCA).However, the porosity of concretes showed a decline with respect to RCA. The main factor that conditions the two responses is the cure time (A), followed by the RCA state. According to the physical characteristics of RCATi, the encapsulation leads to increased water absorption, bulk, and absolute density. The XRD and TGA techniques confirmed the presence of hydrates and quartz in RCA and RCAT. The microstructural analysis of RCAT seems to be in favor of (dry RCAT) soaked in the cement slurry for 10 min where the adhesion is stronger and the (ITZ) is denser.

Chemical composition and biological evaluation of tea tree (Melaleuca alternifolia L.) leaves essential oils

Melaleuca alternifolia L. essential oils (MaEO), extracted through steam, distillation of its leaves, offer a multitude of benefits. The aim of the study was to determine the physicochemical and biological properties, such as relative density, absolute density, acid value, saponification value, ester value, freezing point, fragrance retention, antioxidant and antibacterial activity of MaEO. Gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis was used to analyze the chemical composition of essential oils (EO), and the obtained results displayed those 45 compounds were identified and quantified; among them, the main component was Terpinen-4-ol (44.55%). In addition, the antioxidant capacity (AC) was evaluated by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay with the half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 360 mg mL-1. Moreover, MaEO also had excellent antibacterial activity (AA) against certain types of bacteria, using the paper disc diffusion method for antibiotic susceptibility testing. The diameter of the inhibitory zones were 12.33, 14, 15.67, and 24.33 mm for Bacillus cereus (ATCC 11778), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Salmonella enterica (ATCC 13076), and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), respectively.

Kinetic investigation of sulfur corrosion: First principles calculations

The expressions of two important kinetic parameters (chemical activation energy of electrode reaction and absolute potential of equilibrium state) that determine the reaction rate during the anodic dissolution reaction are derived from the thermodynamic and kinetic relationships of the anodic dissolution reaction, the relationship between absolute potential and current density in the anode dissolution process is constructed. Under the framework of first principles, the calculation model of the electrochemical corrosion anodic dissolution reaction is proposed. Density functional theory study of the process of dissolving Fe atoms from the surface of Fe(111) alloy models in vacuum and explicit water molecules. The addition of water molecules and sulfur atoms promotes charge transfer during dissolution and increases the corrosion rate, while water molecules reduce the work function, while S goes increases the work function. Through the corrosion current density model of activation energy, the role of alloy dissolution kinetics with different alloys added was explored. The analysis shows that the addition of Mn and Cr can greatly reduce the anodic corrosion rate and increase the corrosion resistance of Fe.

Bayesian inference of electron density and ion temperature profiles from neutral beam and halo Balmer-α emission at Wendelstein 7-X

By employing Bayesian inference techniques, the full electron density profile from the plasma core to the edge of Wendelstein 7-X (W7-X) is inferred solely from neutral hydrogen beam and halo Balmer-α (Hα) emission data. The halo is a cloud of neutrals forming in the vicinity of the injected neutral beam due to multiple charge exchange reactions. W7-X is equipped with several neutral hydrogen beam heating sources and an Hα spectroscopy system that views these sources from different angles and penetration depths in the plasma. As the beam and halo emission form complex spectra for each spatial point that are non-linearly dependent on the plasma density profile and other parameters, a complete model from the neutral beam injection and halo formation through to the spectroscopic measurements is required. The model is used here to infer electron density profiles for a range of common W7-X plasma scenarios. The inferred profiles show good agreement with profiles determined by the Thomson scattering and interferometry diagnostics across a broad range of absolute densities without any changes to the input or fitting parameters. The time evolution of the density profile in a discharge with continuous core density peaking is successfully reconstructed, demonstrating sufficient spatial resolution to infer strongly shaped profiles. Furthermore, it is shown as a proof of concept that the model is also able to infer the main ion temperature profile using the same data set.

Absolute density measurement of hydrogen radicals in XUV induced plasma for tin contamination cleaning via laser-induced fluorescence

Effective cleaning of tin contamination on the collecting mirrors in extreme ultraviolet source is one of the key techniques to improve throughput and cost performance of extreme ultraviolet lithography. Hydrogen radicals produced in hydrogen plasma that is induced by wideband extreme ultraviolet radiation are expected to be utilized for in situ tin contamination cleaning in extreme ultraviolet sources. In this Letter, we clarified absolute density and cleaning ability of the hydrogen radicals produced by intense extreme ultraviolet pulse through ground state population density measurement by laser-induced fluorescence technique. The experimentally obtained radical parameters coincided well with simulation results and collisional radiative model. It was found that the extreme ultraviolet induced plasma was in quasi-steady state with abundant amount of hydrogen radicals in ground state. Further, it was found that the in situ tin contamination cleaning in extreme ultraviolet lithography source would become more practical with increase in operational parameters, such as extreme ultraviolet emission intensity, gas pressure, and radical production cross section.

Spatially resolved TALIF investigation of atomic oxygen in the effluent of a CO2 microwave discharge

A diagnostic setup for one-dimensionally spatially resolved two-photon absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TALIF) detection of ground state oxygen atoms ( 2p43P2,1,0 ) is developed. The goal of this study is to investigate the evolution of temperatures and absolute number densities of oxygen atoms along the effluent of a low-pressure CO2 microwave discharge in order to gain insights into some of the mechanisms governing the post-discharge regime. The plasma source is operated at conditions of 600 W– 1200 W of absorbed power with flow rates of 74 sccm and 370 sccm pure CO2 at pressures between 1.2 mbar and 5 mbar with specific energy inputs up to 111.9 eV/molecule. These operating conditions exhibit high CO2 conversions (up to 90%) at low energy efficiencies (2%–7.4%), due to direct electron impact dissociation driving the conversion process resulting in splitting of CO2 into CO and metastable oxygen atoms. The TALIF measurements yield spatially resolved translational temperatures between 1000 K– 1600 K for most operating conditions and axial positions along the effluent. Reference measurements with xenon 6p′[3/2]2 are used for absolute number density calibration. The resulting axially resolved number density profiles of ground state atomic oxygen increase along the effluent, even at considerable distances of several centimeters from the active discharge, before they reach a maximum between 5×1020 m−3 and 2.2×1021 m−3 depending on the condition, and decrease after that. This behavior indicates the potential significance of quenching of metastable oxygen atoms within the post-discharge regime of the investigated CO2 discharges. The measured spatially resolved number density evolutions are qualitatively consistent with quenching via wall collisions being the dominant deactivation mechanism, underlining the importance of particle-wall interactions.

Sheet-coating mitigation for membrane penetration in undrained triaxial tests and evaluation of comprehensive liquefaction resistance of crushed gravel

In undrained cyclic triaxial tests on crushed gravel, it is difficult to maintain undrained conditions because of the penetration of the rubber membrane (MP: membrane penetration) into the rough surface of the test specimens. A method has been developed in the present research to physically mitigate the MP-effect wherein the rough surface of each specimen is coated and smoothed by a prefabricated fines-soil sheet. This mitigation measure has been found very effective in minimizing the CR (compliance ratio for an undrained system) to achieve more strict undrained conditions. It has been further clarified that this method prevents not only the overestimation of the strength of loose specimens, as has already been recognized, but also the underestimation of the strength of dense specimens with highly positive dilatancy. The undrained cyclic strength of dense crushed gravel, comprised of various grain sizes and gradations, has been summarized in a series of undrained cyclic triaxial tests by employing the MP-mitigation method to find that, in place of the relative density governing the liquefaction resistance of loose soils, the void ratio or absolute density is a key parameter for uniquely estimating the strength with a simple empirical formula.

North Atlantic right whale density surface model for the US Atlantic evaluated with passive acoustic monitoring

The Critically Endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis entered a population decline around 2011. To save this species without closing the ocean to human activities requires detailed information about its intra-annual density patterns that can be used to assess and mitigate human-caused risks. Using 2.9 million km of visual line-transect survey effort from the US Atlantic and Canadian Maritimes conducted in 2003-2020 by 11 institutions, we modeled the absolute density (ind. km-2) of the species using spatial, temporal, and environmental covariates at a monthly time step. We accounted for detectability differences between survey platforms, teams, and conditions, and corrected all data for perception and availability biases, accounting for platform differences, whale dive behavior, group composition, and group size. We produced maps of predicted density and evaluated our results using independently collected passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) data. Densities correlated positively (r = 0.46, ρ = 0.58, τ = 0.46) with acoustic detection rates obtained at 492 stationary PAM recorders deployed across the study area (mean recorder duration = 138 d). This is the first study to quantify the concurrence of visual and acoustic observations of the species in US waters. We summarized predictions into mean monthly density and uncertainty maps for the 2003-2009 and 2010-2020 eras, based on the significant changes in the species’ spatial distribution that began around 2010. The results quantify the striking distribution shifts and provide effort- and bias-corrected density surfaces to inform risk assessments, estimations of take, and marine spatial planning.

Identification of Plant Parasitic Nematodes Associated with Citrus in Dibrugarh District

The present investigation was carried out to determine the occurrence and distribution of plant parasitic nematodes associated with citrus plants of different citrus orchards in Dibrugarh district. A total of 149 soil and root samples were collected randomly from the rhizosphere of citrus plants from the twenty four different citrus orchards of seven blocks from Dibrugarh district. Eight genera of plant parasitic nematodes were found to be associated with citrus plants of Dibrugarh district. Genera of plant parasitic nematodes recorded were namely Tylenchulus, Hoplolaimus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchus, Meloidogyne, Xiphinema, Paratylenchus and also nematodes genera found under criconematids. Among them Hoplolaimus sp., Helicotylenchus sp., Tylenchorhynchus sp. and T. semipenetrans were found to be present in most of the samples. Community analysis of plant parasitic nematodes revealed that the genus Hoplolaimus ranked first in relative frequency, absolute frequency, absolute density, relative density and prominence value. Genus Helicotylenchus ranked second in absolute density, relative density and prominence value and genus Tylenchorhynchus ranked third in case of absolute density absolute frequency and prominence value. Results shown that Tylenchulus semipenetrans ranked second in absolute frequency and relative frequency and fourth in prominence value.

Nitrogen atoms absolute density measurement using two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence in reactive magnetron discharge for gallium nitride deposition

Low-pressure plasmas, in particular magnetron sputtering discharges, are increasingly used for the deposition of wideband gap semiconductor nitrides films (e.g., GaN or AlN) considering many benefits they exhibit with respect to conventional chemical vapor deposition techniques. Plasma-based solutions enable the dissociation of N2 molecules into N-atoms under conditions that would not be possible with the thermal process. However, as the dissociation rate remains quite small due to the strong nitrogen triple bond, it is somewhat complicated to determine and correlate the N-atoms density in the gas phase with that of the grown film in low-pressure discharges. Therefore, ns-two-photon absorption laser induced fluorescence (TALIF) has been carried out to determine the absolute density of N-atoms as a function of the pressure (tens of Pa range) in a radio-frequency sputtering plasma reactor used for GaN deposition. The TALIF set-up has been optimized using a monochromator and adequate signal processing to enhance the detection limit, enabling the measurement of N-atoms density as low as 1011 cm−3 at 15 Pa. These measurements have been completed with electron density measurements performed in the same pressure range using microwave interferometry, thus providing quantitative data on both electron and N-atom densities that can be used for fundamental understanding, process optimization, and modeling of magnetron discharge intended for nitride semiconductor deposition.

Gas temperature measurements from ps-TALIF in highly collisional plasmas

In this work, we present a straightforward approach to retrieve gas temperatures directly from the effective lifetime τH of the ps-laser excited species measured with picosecond Two Photon Absorption Laser Induced Fluorescence (ps-TALIF). This approach allows for simultaneous measurements of absolute atom densities and gas temperatures performed in moderate-pressure reactive plasmas using an advanced ps-TALIF diagnostic and has been demonstrated for highly collisional hydrogen microplasmas. Furthermore, this methodology was applied to obtain a 2D distribution of gas temperature and H-atom densities in the downstream region of the microplasma discharge.

Spatially- and time-resolved measurements of HO2 radicals in a ns pulse atmospheric pressure plasma jet

The absolute, spatially-resolved, and time-resolved number density of the hydroperoxyl radical is measured in a quasi-two-dimensional, atmospheric pressure ‘curtain’ plasma jet powered by a train of ns discharge pulses. The spatial distribution of HO2 is measured across the shorter dimension of the jet. The measurements are made in two different configurations, (a) H2O–O2–He jet impinging on a copper foil target, and (b) O2–He jet incident on the liquid water surface. In the first configuration, the water vapor is added to the O2–He flow in a bubbler filled with distilled, deionized water. The measurements are made using the previously developed pulsed cavity ring down spectroscopy diagnostic near 1.5 μm. The ring-down cavity is formed between two high-reflectivity mirrors placed at the ends of the stainless steel ‘arms’ purged with dry air, with the plasma jet placed in the gap between the arms. The objectives of this work are to use the HO2 number density to assess the accuracy of the modeling predictions using a previously developed ‘global’ reaction mechanism, and to estimate the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide generation in the ns pulse discharge plasma. HO2 was detected only in the first configuration, most likely due to the rapid decay of the metastable He atoms and O atoms generated in the plasma, which prevents the generation of H atoms (dominant HO2 precursors) in the evaporation/mixing layer. Both the water vapor in the jet and HO2 generated in the plasma have been measured. The results exhibit a rapid accumulation of HO2 during the ns pulse discharge burst, followed by the decay in the afterglow on a ms time scale. The kinetic model overpredicts the quasi-steady-state HO2 number density, as well as the HO2 decay rate after the discharge is turned off. The relatively slow HO2 decay in the afterglow suggests that it may be affected by diffusion, along with the surface adsorption and desorption of radicals. The present approach demonstrates the utility of a 2D curtain plasma jet for the line-of-sight absorption spectroscopy measurements of radicals and excited species present in small concentrations in ambient plasma environments.

Comparison of bone mineral density between female amateur triathletes and nonathletes: A cross-sectional study.

Physical inactivity is considered an important risk factor for osteoporosis, however, some athletes performing extremely high training volumes can also develop bone mass loss. Moreover, the effect of total body mass or body surface area on bone mineral density remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the absolute bone mineral density and bone mineral density adjusted to body surface area between amateur triathletes and nonactive women. Forty-two healthy women (23 amateur triathletes and 19 nonactive individuals) were evaluated for body composition using a dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry system. Compared to nonactive women, amateur triathletes exhibited lower body mass index (p < 0.001), lower bone mineral density (p < 0.001), and body surface area (p < 0.001). However, bone mineral density adjusted by body surface area in the triathletes was higher than in the nonactive women (p = 0.03). These findings showed that amateur triathles presented lower absolute bone mineral density, but higher bone mineral density adjusted to body surface area. Future studies are recommended to identify if the higher bone mineral density adjusted to body surface area are associated with a lower bone fragility.

Qualitative Analysis of Sanitation Management in Residential Area around Gampong Jawa Landfill in 2021 Based on Fly Distribution Pattern

Abstract Aim: Residents are concerned about the presence of flies, especially in areas near landfills, so it is important to study the distribution patterns of fly communities and community responses to the presence of flies. This study focuses on two main topics: fly distribution in various zones and people’s perspectives on fly prevention initiatives. Materials and Methods: Data were collected by dividing the sampling location into four clusters and collecting data three times per day (morning, noon, and afternoon). Flypaper was used to collect the insects, which were then separated based on their morphology. The data were tabulated and analyzed using the Shannon-Wiener equation for the diversity index, and the Morisita index equation for the distribution pattern. The observation was then continued by asking people about the existence of the fly community. Results: Cluster 4 has the strongest dynamics with varying absolute density. The morning has the highest absolute density, with an average of 26.56. The findings of the relative density analysis suggest that Musca domestica has the highest percentage, with an average percentage of 74.36%. Only 45% of respondents took actions to combat the presence of flies. The study’s findings also revealed that 97% of the population had never been socialized about sanitary management and attempts to control fly communities. Conclusions: Community sanitation, the prevalence of trash, and the presence of insects are not successfully regulated. The residential sector of the Gampong Jawa Community, which has the most direct access to the landfill, is at a higher risk of getting affected by hazardous diseases conveyed by flies.