Absentee Landowners Research Articles

Alternative Dispute Resolution for Customary Land Through Customary Courts

The recognition of the customary rights of indigenous peoples is enshrined in the Basic Agrarian Law, specifically in Article 3 of the UUPA, which mandates that the implementation of these rights must align with national interests and not conflict with higher laws. Customary rights are respected as living law within indigenous communities, provided they do not contradict the spirit of national law. Although customary courts are not explicitly mentioned in formal judicial regulations, they remain acknowledged and respected, with their decisions influencing formal courts, particularly in disputes related to customary law. This research aims to analyze the role of customary courts in resolving land disputes within indigenous communities, particularly when decisions from these courts are challenged in formal courts. This doctrinal research uses a literature study to collect legal materials, which are then analyzed qualitatively. The findings reveal that formal courts often fail to consider absentee land ownership, as regulated in the legislation, leading to errors in determining land ownership entitlement. In one case, the legal justification provided by the judge overlooked a testimonial de audit submitted by one of the parties, ultimately dismissing its validity. The implications of this study suggest that there is a need for better integration of customary legal principles into the formal justice system to ensure the protection of indigenous land rights. It also highlights the importance of clear legal frameworks to address conflicts between customary law and national regulations, particularly in land ownership disputes.

Absentee Landowners and their Impact: A Village-Level Study in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana

This study investigates the implications of the rise of non-cultivating absentee landowning households within the agrarian economy. A primary survey was conducted across eight villages—four in Telangana and four in Andhra Pradesh—selected based on their irrigation sources, including canals, tube wells or tanks, while dry/rainfed villages were chosen based on rainfall, particularly in drought-affected areas. These selected villages represent a diverse range of agrarian structures seen in broader regions of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Absentee landowning households have become increasingly significant within the agrarian landscape of the study area. Their proportion is notable, particularly in regions with public irrigation provisions (canals and tanks). In contrast, in drought-affected and tube-well-irrigated regions, a smaller percentage of absentee landowning households reside in urban areas. The study underscores the adverse effects of absentee landowning households on agriculture. These households are often reluctant to sell their land due to expectations of future value appreciation, fixed rental income and benefits from government policies. Consequently, this reluctance leads to a lack of agricultural investment, adversely impacting the agrarian economy.

Absentee Land Ownership: Problem or Solution for Indonesia Farmers

Food Resilience is a critical aspect of national sustainability programs. Indonesia has a large and diverse population necessitates prioritizing food resilience as a primary focus of government programs. Food security can be achieved by empowering the predominantly farming population of Indonesia. In this regard, the government can utilize Absentee Land to achieve food resilience goals and improve the welfare of farmers. However, the utilization of Absentee Land is hindered by regulations restricting land ownership to civil servants. These regulations pose a significant obstacle to farmers who seek to engage in or expand agricultural endeavors. The conflicts arising from these regulations constitute the most substantial barrier to farmers' efforts to realize food resilience programs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative legal research method, focusing on the Absentee Land through statutory and case approaches. The results of this research indicate that regulations regarding Absentee Land has no longer relevant given the current state of affairs, as they impede the maximization of food resilience, particularly for farmers in the agricultural sector. Abstrak Ketahanan pangan merupakan hal yang sangat penting dalam program keberlangsungan bangsa. Populasi besar dan sangat beragam yang ada di Indonesia menjadikan ketahanan pangan ini harus menjadi prioritas utama dalam program pemerintah. Ketahanan pangan ini dapat diterapkan dengan cara memberdayakan masyarakat Indonesia yang kebanyakan berprofesi sebagai petani. Dalam hal ini pemerintah bisa memanfaatkan Tanah Absentee dalam mencapai tujuan ketahanan pangan dan dapat mensejahterakan petani. Namun dalam pemanfaatan tanah Absentee ini masih terhalang oleh peraturan yang menghambat kepemilikan tanah Absentee untuk para petani. Adanya peraturan tentang kepemilikan tanah Absentee yang hanya dapat dimiliki oleh Pegawai Negeri Sipil menjadi halangan bagi petani yang akan menjalankan atau mengembangkan usaha dalam pertanian. Konflik dalam peraturan kepemilikan tanah Absentee ini adalah hambatan terbesar dalam usaha petani mewujudkan program ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini akan menggunakan peneltian hukum normatif, dimana dalam studi ini akan menggali penelitian dari tanah Absentee dengan menggunakan pendekatan Perundang-undangan dan pendekatan kasus. Hasil dari penelitian ini bahwa peraturan yang mengatur tentang tanah Absentee ini sudah tidak relevan diterapkan dengan keadaan saat ini karena ketahanan pangan sektor pertanian khususnya bagi petani tidak dapat dimaksimalkan.

Agricultural Absentee Land Ownership Rules: Problem or Solution for Farmers on Food Resilience Program?

Abstract: Food resilience is a critical aspect of national sustainability programs. with large and diverse population, Indonesia needs to prioritize food resilience as a primary focus of government programs. Empowering Indonesia's predominantly farming population is one way to achieve food resilience. In this regard, the government can utilize absentee land to achieve food resilience goals and improve the welfare of farmers. However, regulations restricting land ownership to civil servants under Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 hinder the utilization of absentee land. These regulations pose a significant obstacle to farmers who seek to engage in or expand agricultural endeavors. The conflicts arising from these regulations constitute the most substantial barrier to farmers' efforts to realize food resilience programs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative legal research method, focusing on the absent land through statutory and case approaches. The results of this research suggest that absentee land regulations are no longer relevant given the current state of affairs, as they impede the maximization of food resilience, particularly for farmers in the agricultural sector. Keywords: Absentee Land, Farm Land, Food Resilience

THE PROHIBITION OF ABSENTEE OWNERSHIP OF AGRICULTURAL LAND AND THE LEGAL LIABILITY OF THE NATIONAL LAND AGENCY

Absentee ownership of agricultural land is a situation where agricultural landowners are not directly involved in the agricultural activities carried out on their land. This often occurs when the landowner lives outside the farming area. The provision of absentee ownership of agricultural land can affect farmland management, and agricultural productivity. This abstract aims to evaluate the legal aspects of absentee ownership of agricultural land by considering several factors. First, we analyze the application of Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 in Plaosan Village regarding absentee land. Several studies have shown that the absence of a landowner can hinder growth and innovation in the agricultural sector. However, the factor depends on the skill level of the farmer. Furthermore, we analyze the legal liability of the National Land Agency (BPN) in resolving absentee land ownership issues. The existence of landowners who are not involved in agricultural activities can lead to legal uncertainty, low agricultural productivity, and difficulties for interested parties in obtaining benefits from the land. In this context, the role of the National Land Agency (BPN) as a government agency responsible for land management and registration becomes very important. This research uses a normative legal research method by conducting a literature study of laws and regulations related to absentee ownership of agricultural land. The results of this research are expected to provide a basis for better policies in managing agricultural land ownership involving absentee owners, so as to increase productivity, efficiency, and welfare for all parties involved in the agricultural sector.

Redefining Absentee: Towards Understanding Place Attachment and Stewardship in Non-Residential Landowners in Texas, USA

Approximately 30% of the private land in Texas, USA is under absentee ownership. Understanding who absentee landowners are and their land management behaviors is vital for the protection of privately owned landscapes and the ecosystem services that they support, including surface water quality. By focusing on absentee landowners with properties in five watersheds in Texas, we utilized the theory of place attachment to gain insights into absentee landowners’ land management decisions and their involvement in water quality conservation programs, such as watershed protection plans (WPPs). By conducting a mail-out survey, we obtained 100 responses, which were analyzed using an exploratory factor analysis and a series of nonparametric assessments. The results revealed that, contrary to the term “absentee”, the landowners in our study demonstrated strong feelings of place attachment and heightened land stewardship. Based on these findings, we suggest that instead of considering absentee landowners as obstacles to collaborative conservation initiatives, such as WPPs, natural resource practitioners should recognize and capitalize on the emotional attachment that these landowners have to their properties, thereby fostering their involvement. By demonstrating the owner–land relationship and its behavioral outcomes among absentee landowners, this study provides a novel contribution to the existing literature on place attachment in the context of private land management and conservation.

TRANSITION OWNERSHIP RIGHTS LAND OF AGRICULTURAL LAND WITH ABSENTE USING E-KTP IN BANGLI DISTRICT

One of the objectives of land reform is to hold a fair and equitable distribution of the livelihoods of the peasants in the form of land so that with this distribution a fair and equitable distribution of results can be achieved. The purpose of this land reform is realized through the determination of the minimum area and maximum area of agricultural land ownership with certain rights by one family or legal entity. Prohibition of agricultural land ownership in absentee is a prohibition on ownership of agricultural land located outside the area where the owner lives. One of the efforts to prevent absentee land ownership is the existence of an Electronic Identity Card. However, the implementation of the transfer of rights based on the sale and purchase of agricultural land, with the implementation of the E-KTP, was not carried out perfectly. This research aims to examine the implementation of the absentee sale and purchase of agricultural land rights using E-KTP in Bangli Regency. The research method used is empirical legal research and the research locations were held in Bangli Regency, PPAT and the Bangli Regency Land Office. The results of this research showed that the implementation of an E-KTP nationally, still cannot overcome the ownership of agricultural land in Bangli Regency by people who have addresses outside the Bangli Regency sub-district and still carry out the process of changing addresses so as not to cause absentees.

The Myth and Reality of Slavery in Eastern Connecticut: The Brownes of Salem and Absentee Land Ownership

The Myth and Reality of Slavery in Eastern Connecticut: The Brownes of Salem and Absentee Land Ownership

The Political Economy of Farmland Taxation in Colonial and Postcolonial Zimbabwe, 1914–32 and 1980–c. 2018

This article contributes to the existing literature on the political economy of Zimbabwe by focusing on a hitherto understudied area, land taxation. While scholars have written extensively on the political economy of land in general, not much is available on debates around its taxation. Those that have written on the land question have paid less attention to its taxation. Similarly, recent works on the colony’s fiscal system lack the scope for a detailed examination of the land taxation question. By analysing how different governments of the country operating within distinct historical contexts approached the question of land taxation reinserts land taxation in conversations around the political economy of both colonial and postcolonial Zimbabwe, particularly how politics and economics intersected in shaping policy formulation and implementation. During the colonial period, the main idea behind the imposition of land tax was to force absentee landowners and those who occupied land for speculative purposes to sell their land or develop it; however, the situation changed following the Fast Track Land Reform Programme in 2000. At that stage, the main objective for land taxation shifted from encouraging the selling of land for redistributive purposes to making resettled farmers utilise their land. In either case, land taxation and contestations around it provide another way of looking at the dynamics of state making in settler colonial and post-settler colonial contexts. The article relies on a wide range of sources that include parliamentary debates, newspapers, archival sources, and other political pamphlets and documents. A close analysis of archival sources shows how arguments for and against land taxation changed or persisted across the colonial and postcolonial historical epochs.

What is the problem with absentee landowners? Invasive plant management by residential and absentee amenity rural landowners

Landowners interested in rural lifestyles rather than primary production, are a significant group of rural landowners in many countries. Among these landowners, distinctions are made between the management practices and motivations of absentee and resident landowners. Absentee landowners are not uncommonly depicted as poor land managers and as not meeting their responsibilities. Evidence, however, on this is mixed. With a focus on invasive plant management in Australia, we compare the motivations, attitudes, and practices of absentee and resident landowners in two high amenity areas of New South Wales, Australia. We found that attitudes and practices surrounding invasive plant management were very similar between absentee and resident landowners, but that there are some key differences surrounding motivations and barriers to invasive plant management. Our data suggests that difference between absentee and residential landowners, therefore, may be overstated with respect to invasive plant management.

Protection of Heirs Against Absentee Land Ownership

Land ownership is often non-existent in communities. Ownership through the process of inheritance, where the heirs live outside the district area where the object of inheritance is located. For example, a person living in a city inherits from his parents a farm in the village; this automatically made the heirs the absentee landowners. This study aims to provide legal protection for absentee land ownership obtained from the inheritance process. This study uses normative legal research methods with several approaches, namely the statutory approach and the conceptual approach. Legal protection for heirs of owners of land rights that do not exist in positive law. If the heirs do not exploit or utilize land that does not exist as mandated by law adequately, then there is no legal protection for the heirs. The prohibition of absentee land does not apply to persons or legal entities residing outside the sub-district which borders the location of agricultural land and allows agricultural land owners to cultivate or cultivate it efficiently.How to cite item: Sariwati, Retno, and Selvia Wisuda. “Protection of Heirs Against Absentee Land Ownership.” Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum. 14 no. 1 (2023): 46-53. DOI: 10.26905/idjch.v14i1.10006.

Community perceptions of carbon farming: A case study of the semi-arid Mulga Lands in Queensland, Australia

International efforts to combat climate change are reflected in diverse national and subnational policies, the effects of which can stimulate fundamental changes in land use at the regional scale. Since 2012, the Australian Government has provided incentives for landholders to implement “carbon farming” through methods that either sequester or avoid the release of carbon emissions in vegetation and soils. While the factors leading to individual landholder adoption of carbon farming is widely researched, there is comparatively limited analysis of broader community perceptions and potential impacts of its resulting changes in land use and management. This research uses semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis to explore community perceptions of carbon farming in the vast and remote Mulga Lands of Queensland, Australia, a region that supports nearly 200 carbon projects across 7 million hectares. We found that individual landholders were motivated to adopt carbon farming primarily for the economic benefits, despite sharing concerns with the broader community over potential environmental and social impacts. Long-standing local attitudes, values and beliefs around perceived desirable natural landscapes, and their role in maintaining agricultural production, underpin a view that non-active land management and absentee land ownership – considered by some in the community to be a consequence of carbon farming – would contribute to ongoing rural decline. Our findings show that the scale and pace of land use changes facilitated by carbon farming have led to a community impact in the Mulga Lands. Such impacts must be explicitly considered in future research, policy and planning to ensure land use transitions stimulated by carbon farming policy are effectively and fairly managed. • Carbon farming can provide economic benefits to rural landholders. • Economic incentives motivated adoption in the Mulga lands, despite community concerns. • A mismatch in normative expectations and carbon farming has led to negative community impacts. • There is mistrust and uncertainty around carbon farming in the Mulga Lands. • Policy and planning should seek to manage carbon farming land use transitions.

An Urban Configuration with Online Competition

Abstract This paper introduces the impact of online competition to analysis of the urban configuration of a small open city, which was first developed by Alonso (1964. Location and Land Use. Cambridge: Harvard University Press), Mills (1967. “An Aggregative Model of Resource Allocation in a Metropolitan Area.” The American Economic Review 57 (2): 197–210), and Muth (1969. Cities and Housing. Chicago: University of Chicago Press) (AMM hereafter). In comparison to a revised AMM model in Lai and Tsai (2008. “Simplified Alonso-Mills-Muth Model with a Monopoly Vendor.” Journal of Urban Economics 63 (2): 536–43) which assumed a monopoly vendor, the present paper’s online entry brings competition, eventually causes price reduction, city expansion, and asymmetrically ascending land rent, and makes the incumbent vendor relocate to a more remote city boundary. When the disadvantage of online purchasing is not large, the urban configuration demonstrates that most residents purchase online, and only the residents living near the physical vendor make shopping trips. Finally, the benefit of city expansion from online competition eventually goes to the absentee landowners by way of the raised land rents.

Remote-Control Plantations and Black Forest Relations in the Black Belt

This article examines the contemporary timber industry as a reproduction of plantation power via remote control, which occurs through absentee landowners, Black family land grabs, new markets for energy, and legal regimes designed to “devalue” common property in favor of individual ownership and profit-seeking productivity. Multi-generation Black homeplaces and communities possess alternative modes of land relations to sustain themselves despite the friction between the economic interests forced by racial capitalism and the ecological interests arising from long-standing forest interdependence. With the Alabama Black Belt and the larger US South experiencing expansion of concentrated forestland ownership and local divestment, most recently through the rise of the biomass industry, the reciprocal traditions of Black forest traditions represent modes of land relation and intervention that are necessary for livable futures.

Spatial political economy: the case of metropolitan industrial policy

Industrial policy has become the focus of much more interest in recent times. Of particular note is mainstream economists’ fascination and their peculiar claims about how and why this new industrial policy promotes growth, redistribution, and sustainability. Such contentions warrant scrutiny. Using metropolitan data, plans, and laws, along with regional and national data from census and survey reports, this paper addresses three questions related to growth, inequality, and sustainability. On the basis of the evidence, collected and interpreted from the lens of original institutional economics, it is argued that industrial policy has been too strictly tied to (urban) economic growth which has not, contrary to expectations, led to ecologically sensitive and inclusive (urban) economic development. Instead, growth policies have cumulatively generated rising urban inequalities and ecological problems in cities and regions. This lack of congruence between the case for, and outcomes from, the pursuit of a particular type of industrial policy can be partly explained by the presence of absentee land ownership. Its entanglements with rent theft, profit seeking, and problematic engagement with persistent inequalities and unsustainability complement the explanation. A different industrial policy could seek to recoup socially-created, but privately appropriated, unearned income, reinvest this resulting revenue in ways that directly build state capacity, address persistent urban inequalities, attend to ecological challenges, and seek to create industries that avoid the problems of ‘progress and poverty’.

Role of National Land Board Office in Implementation of Prohibition of Absentee Land Ownership

The research objectives are: 1) To find out and analyze the factors that cause absentee land ownership in Kendal Regency. 2) Knowing about the role of the Kendal Regency Land Agency in dealing with and solving land problemsabsentee. The data used in this study are primary data, secondary data, and tertiary data that can support the assessment, which is then analyzed using empirical juridical methods. Based on the results of data analysis, it is concluded that: 1) in Article 3 paragraph (1) of Government Regulation Number 224 of 1961 jo. Government Regulation Number 41 of 1964 (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 1961 Number 280, Supplement to the State Gazette Number 2322 hereinafter referred to as PP Number 224 of 1961, states that: Agricultural land owners who reside outside the sub-district where the land is located, within a period of 6 (six) months are required to transfer their land rights to another person in the sub-district where the land is located or move to the sub-district where the land is located. The main factors that cause absentee land ownership are from the community that the community lacks legal awareness, and only wants to seek economic benefits derived from absentee land ownership. Cultural factors such as inheritance and infrastructure. In the facilities and infrastructure there are no reports that are helpful in overcoming absentee land ownership from Village and District officials, as well as a lack of coordination and cooperation. 2) in overcoming absentee land problems, the National Land Agency has a role and contribution to reduce absentee land ownership in Kendal Regency, namely by carrying out legal enforcement by conducting legal counseling that is directed and carried out continuously widely to the community. This counseling can be done by coming to the field to collect or monitor the state of the inventory to the regions, namely monitoring the sub-districts, where the sub-district is a center rather than a transfer of rights so that there is no absentee land sale and purchase.

Principle of Same Rights to Land in Absentee Land Ownership

Land is one of the natural resources in Indonesia that can be used as a means to achieve the welfare of the nation's life, so it needs state intervention to regulate it. In accordance with the constitutional mandate as stated in Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, Act No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles or called the UUPA is stipulated. All kinds of land rights can be granted to all Indonesian people, both men and women, regardless of race, ethnicity and religion. From these provisions, Article 10 of the UUPA paragraph (1) stipulates that every person and legal entity that a right to agricultural land is in principle has to work or actively cultivate it himself, by preventing extortion. The article does not explicitly explain that it is prohibited to own agricultural land in an absentee manner, but this article can be intended to do so. The term absentee land will not be found in statutory regulations, but it can be understood that absentee land is land ownership located outside the area where the owner lives. Agricultural land should actually be used and worked on in an effort to meet productivity which will increase the national economy. However, the prohibition on land ownership does not apply to Civil Servants (PNS) who are equal with those who are carrying out state duties. Based on the above background, the formulation of the problem that the author wants to put forward in this study are: (1) How is the application of the principle of equality of land rights in absentee land ownership at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office. (2) Is absentee land ownership at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office in accordance with the application of the principle of equal rights to land. (3) How to obtain rights to Absentee land at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office. This study uses a normative juridical method, namely research that is fundamental in certain methods, systematics and thoughts which aims to examine one or several legal phenomena by analyzing them. From the research in the field, it can be concluded that the prohibition of absentee land ownership in Karanganyar Regency is not in accordance with the principle of equal rights between civil servants and the general public. The way to register land ownership (in this case land with the term absentee) for civil servants, as well as in Karanganyar district is (1) Applying for a permit to the local BPN office (2) Identity Card and appointment letter for PNS, TNI, POLRI (3) For retirees attach a statement letter that will manage the registered land itself. Ways to register land ownership for common citizens; (1) Identity Card, (2) Family Card, (3) Notice of Taxes Payable and (4) Land History.

Principle of Same Rights to Land in Absentee Land Ownership

Land is one of the natural resources in Indonesia that can be used as a means to achieve the welfare of the nation's life, so it needs state intervention to regulate it. In accordance with the constitutional mandate as stated in Article 33 Paragraph (3) of the 1945 Constitution, Act No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Regulations on Agrarian Principles or called the UUPA is stipulated. All kinds of land rights can be granted to all Indonesian people, both men and women, regardless of race, ethnicity and religion. From these provisions, Article 10 of the UUPA paragraph (1) stipulates that every person and legal entity that a right to agricultural land is in principle has to work or actively cultivate it himself, by preventing extortion. The article does not explicitly explain that it is prohibited to own agricultural land in an absentee manner, but this article can be intended to do so. The term absentee land will not be found in statutory regulations, but it can be understood that absentee land is land ownership located outside the area where the owner lives. Agricultural land should actually be used and worked on in an effort to meet productivity which will increase the national economy. However, the prohibition on land ownership does not apply to Civil Servants (PNS) who are equal with those who are carrying out state duties . Based on the above background, the formulation of the problem that the author wants to put forward in this study are: (1) How is the application of the principle of equality of land rights in absentee land ownership at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office. (2) Is absentee land ownership at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office in accordance with the application of the principle of equal rights to land. (3) How to obtain rights to Absentee land at the Karanganyar Regency Land Office. This study uses a normative juridical method, namely research that is fundamental in certain methods, systematics and thoughts which aims to examine one or several legal phenomena by analyzing them. From the research in the field, it can be concluded that the prohibition of absentee land ownership in Karanganyar Regency is not in accordance with the principle of equal rights between civil servants and the general public. The way to register land ownership (in this case land with the term absentee) for civil servants, as well as in Karanganyar district is (1) Applying for a permit to the local BPN office (2) Identity Card and appointment letter for PNS, TNI, POLRI (3) For retirees attach a statement letter that will manage the registered land itself. Ways to register land ownership for common citizens; (1) Identity Card, (2) Family Card, (3) Notice of Taxes Payable and (4) Land History.

TANAH ABSENTEE DARI WARISAN KELUARGA DI DESA DAYA MURNI JALUR 16 MUARA SUGIHAN BANYUASIN DALAM PERSPEKTIF HUKUM KELUARGA ISLAM

Absentee Land from Family Heritage In Daya Murni Village Jalur 16 Muara Sugihan Banyuasin In The Perspective of Islamic Family Law, problem that occurred in the community about absentee inheritance land that isn’t directly utilized by the heirs but managed by the community. Based on this, this study will further examine it on How to empower and review Islamic Family Law on absentee land from heritage in Daya Murni Village Jalur 16 Muara Sugihan. The research method used is field research, the data source used is the primary data source obtained from interviews with respondents in the field, then secondary and primary data. Using qualitative descriptive methods, then analyzed to determine Islamic family law against the prohibition of absentee land ownership and it's utilization. research stated, Absentee land obtained from the heritage in the Village Daya Murni Line 16 Muara Sugihan isn’t in line with the Basic Agrarian Law of the Republic of Indonesia, economic side of the community isn’t left abandoned and managed village community. Islamic Family Law Review Against the Utilization of absentee land obtained from the inheritance hasn’t awakened the values of sakinah both within the family sphere and in the social sphere. Keywords: Absentee Land, Inheritance, Islamic Family Law

Actual residence and land use conditions with absentee landowners in Fukui prefecture

本研究を通して主に以下の点が明らかになった。1）X団地では、未利用地が74%であり、その内の約76%が雑草や樹木が繁茂している。2）居住者の多くは雑草等が生い茂った空き地が多いことや車がないと移動しにくいことに困っている。3）不在地主の多くは高齢者で県外の人も多く、所有地への訪問頻度の少ない人も多い。不在地主の土地入手の動機では、資産として購入などが多く、今すぐにでも売却したいと思っているが売れないため所有地を持ち続けている人が多い。4）X市は土地の寄付を受け入れてきたが、維持管理費がかかるため事実上X団地の土地は対象外となり、集約化も頓挫した。5）雑草等管理事業に対して、不在地主に一定のニーズがあることが明らかになったが、一方で無関心な不在地主や連絡先の分からない不在地主も多い。