Absentee Landowners Research Articles

Peran Kantor Badan Pertanahan Nasional Kota Bandar Lampung Dalam Mengatasi Kepemilikan Tanah Absentee

The ground is important for the community resources, good as a medium growing plants, and as a space or container place performs various functions. Land in relation to the issue, the government issued the law number 5 1960 re basic provisions concerning the fundamentals of agrarian affairs (UUPA). Next, as a form of uupa to this is that the , the government issued the act of number 56 prp 1960 on the provision of it a bit and government regulation no 224 1961 on the implementation of the subdivision of land and the provision of compensation, in article 3 paragraph (1) PP no. 1 224 1961 jo article 1 PP no. 1 41 years 1964 arranged the prohibition of land as guntai /absentee ownership. Highlights the difficulty in this research is what factors causing the occurrence of ownership of land as absentee in the city of bandar lampung and the role of national land agency bpn make glad the city of bandar lampung in overcome or solve the problems of their lands were absent.The kind of research used in this research is research descriptive namely research that seeks, described a symptom the, the incident happened when now to focus on actual problems as they are at the time of the visit.Approach that is used is the methodology of juridical law sosiologis.proses collection of data consists of the study of literature and field study. Next, the method of analysis in a qualitative analysis. The result showed that the cause of the absentee land ownership is the lack of legal awareness, community cultural factors, the law enforcement officials, the infrastructure and economic factors.The role of the national land agency to address the absentee land ownership in the city of bandar lampung by controlling the administration and control, law and to prevent new absentee land ownership of land agency kordinasi badly needed by the related agencies and, district the village head and PPAT / notary.

Land leasing in a post-land reform context: insights from Zimbabwe

Despite the Zimbabwean State’s narrative and discourse that in fast track land reform areas ‘land leasing is illegal’, there is a surge in land leasing. This article focuses on how land leasing unfolds in the post-fast track land reform Zimbabwe, paying particular attention to state’s role in land leasing, the forms of land leasing and the forms of conflicts that emerge. The study draws from a qualitative research conducted on 90 purposively selected households resettled on three farms and 15 key informants in Marondera district. Primary data was collected through semi-structured interviews, and analyzed through thematic coding and descriptive statistics. SPSS version 23 and Microsoft Excel were used to perform the statistical analysis. Findings show that land leasing is still ongoing informally and that various actors participate in it. The land reform beneficiaries leased out land due to livelihood precarity, as a means of safeguarding land by absentee land owners, labor shortages and tenure insecurity. The results revealed that 94% of the land is leased out to large-scale tenants and 6% to small-scale tenants. The study also noted that 100% of the land leasing occurred in the study area informally. Furthermore, 90% of these agreements are verbal and only 10% are written. The informal land leasing practice is also fraught with conflicts, such as struggles over plot boundaries, non-rent payments and crop theft. The State's ambiguity in this matter has not helped, it merely drives land leasing ‘underground’ but does not halt it. Therefore, a ‘new normal’ land leasing system that strives outside the confines of the law has emerged. In terms of policy implications, the study calls for the State and stakeholders to re-examine land leasing, and consider a modest tax on it, and establish village based simplification and regularization of land leasing procedures. .

The Mexican path toward agricultural capitalism

This article discusses the traditional interpretation of Mexican agriculture. The inefficiency of large agricultural estates, their feared absentee landowners, reduced and captive markets, antiquated technology, and absence of efficient institutions are traditionally considered to account for the failure of rural Mexico to embark on the path toward capital development. It is suggested that while this characterization of hacienda estates was valid in the last third of the nineteenth century for certain regions, in others linked to urban expansion and the railroad system agricultural estates were in fact productive undertakings with advanced technology and efficient management. The article argues that the main obstacles to capitalist agricultural development were compulsive forms of labor organization; the lack of high-output agricultural products; insufficient monetary circulation preventing the formation of more cohesive agricultural markets; a salary system based on payments in cash; and the scarcity of agricultural credit.

Policy lessons from spatiotemporal enrollment patterns of payment for ecosystem service programs in Argentina

Payment for ecosystem services schemes (PES) are lauded as a market-based solution to curtail deforestation and restore degraded ecosystems. However, PES programs often fail to conserve sites under strong long-term deforestation pressures. Underperformance, in part, is likely due to adverse selection. Spatial adverse selection occurs when landowners are more likely to enroll parcels with low deforestation pressure than parcels with high deforestation pressure. Temporal adverse selection arises when parcels are enrolled for short time periods. In both cases, financial resources are allocated without having a sizeable impact on long-term land use change. Improving program performance to overcome these shortcomings requires understanding attributes of landowners and their parcels across large scales to identify spatial and temporal enrollment patterns that drive adverse selection. In this paper, we examine these patterns in Argentina’s PES program in Chaco forest, a global deforestation hotspot. Our study area covers 252,319 km2. Results from multinomial logistic regression models showed that large parcels of enrolled land and parcels owned by absentee landowners exhibit greater evidence of spatiotemporal adverse selection than smaller parcels or parcels owned by local landowners. Furthermore, parcels managed under land use plans for conservation and restoration are more likely to be associated with adverse selection than parcels managed for financial returns such as harvest of non-timber forest products, silviculture, and silvopasture. However, prior to recommending that PES programs focus on land uses with higher potential earnings, a greater understanding is needed of the degree to which these land uses meet ecological and biodiversity goals of PES programs. We suggest that increased spatial targeting of enrollment, along with enrollment of local landowners and further incentives for land uses that support conservation and restoration, could promote long-term conservation of forest lands.

Understanding patterns of information sourcing and motivations to collaborate among absentee landholders: A case study of the Central Tablelands, NSW

The population of absentee landholders, in rural areas of Australia and worldwide, has risen over recent decades, underpinning the need to better understand how to effectively engage this stakeholder group, especially from natural resource management (NRM) agencies. Prior research argues that these often difficult-to-reach rural actors play an important role in environmental management, biodiversity conservation and cross property collaborations. Therefore, this paper investigates the ways in which absentee landholders access information on land management practices, the extent of their engagement with government NRM agencies, and the potential for absentee landholders to engage in cross-property collaboration.Focusing on a case study in the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, the results indicate that absentee landholders in the case study region access a range of government and personal sources for information, with Local Land Services (a regional NRM agency) and neighbours being the two most commonly used sources amongst survey respondents. Reasons behind the frequent use of Local Land Services include the awareness and trustworthiness that absentee landholders have of this source of information. As for collaborations, most absentee landholders expressed a preference for non-commercial collaborations related to conservation and amenity, as opposed to production-related or other commercial activities. Motivations to collaborate included knowledge-sharing and a collective effort to manage cross-property conservation issues. Hence, it is recommended that NRM agencies recognize the role they can play in adaptive co-management by providing information to absentee landholders, facilitating collaborations around knowledge-sharing and conservation, and continuously adapting their outreach to accommodate for the growing heterogeneity in values and interests.

Relationships between absenteeism, conservation group membership, and land management among family forest owners

Absentee landowners, or those who do not live on their forestland, own approximately 117 million acres of private forestland in the U.S. Thus, their land management decisions and activities influence the flow of forest-based goods and services. We explore the question of whether absentee family forest owners are less active land managers than resident landowners and whether membership in conservation organizations is associated with higher levels of land management activity by absentee owners. To examine these questions, we administered a mail survey to randomly-selected family forest landowners in Indiana. While we found some support for the contention that absentee owners are less active forestland managers than resident owners, we also found they are not necessarily inactive landowners. We found absentee owners were less likely to have: inspected their forestland for invasive plants, pulled or cut invasive plants, used herbicides to kill invasive plants, reduced fire hazard, or grazed livestock than resident owners. Absentee owners were more likely to be enrolled in the Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands Program, a preferential forest property tax program. Absentee owners who are members of a conservation organization were more likely than absentee non-member owners to have undertaken a variety of land management activities, including: undertaking wildlife habitat improvement projects, inspecting their forestland for invasive plants, pulling or cutting invasive plants, enrolling in the Indiana Classified Forest and Wildlands program, and obtaining a management plan.

Traditional or Economic Values? Analyzing Absentee Landowner Attitudes Amid Social and Agricultural Transformation in Japan

AbstractAgricultural landownership in Japan has changed drastically over the last century due to post‐World War II land reforms and cultural, political, and economic shifts in the subsequent decades. Initial land reform shifted the concentrated ownership of land from the wealthy to small‐scale farmers. But as Japan industrialized and became more urban‐centered, a substantial amount of rural land has been left abandoned or unmanaged by descendants of those farmers. This paper analyzes the attitudes of absentee agricultural landowners in Japan to better understand the prevalence of economically rational versus traditional attitudes toward land ownership. We draw on the rural sociological literature on place attachment to hypothesize why some absentee landowners feel a strong tie to the land of their ancestors, while others would be willing to sell for a reasonable price. We use unique survey data obtained from 466 absentee agricultural landowners in Japan. Logistic regression results indicate that attachment to place, gender, age, educational attainment, and usage of land is significant predictors of whether landowners hold traditional, rather than economic, values. We discuss the implications of these findings for the future of sustainable agricultural land management in Japan.

Welfare effects of floor area ratio regulation on landowners and residents with different levels of income

This paper explores how Floor Area Ratio (FAR) regulations affect residents with income disparity and absentee landowners in a congested closed city. Theoretical results show that (1) an increase in FAR in a central zone may harm the utility of suburban residents due to the residential segregation pattern of heterogeneous people whereas it always increases the utility in a city with homogeneous households, and (2) how an increase in FAR changes land rents depends on the current FAR and the relative location of the zone where FAR increases. Numerical results clarify the effects of optimal FAR regulations on residents and absentee landowners. In addition, theoretical result (1) denoted above is numerically verified. Furthermore, it is found that optimal FAR gives higher benefits to high income households than to low income households regardless of the location pattern.

Engaging absentee landholders in ecosystem service delivery in south-eastern Australia

As absentee landownership continues to increase in many regions of Oceania and the world, there is a growing need to better understand the behaviours and values of this landholder group. The increase in absentee landholdership can impact the provision of ecosystem services, as well as alter the rural socio-cultural fabric; the values, beliefs, knowledge types and social connections amongst landholders in rural communities. Consequently, this presents challenges to natural resource management (NRM) practitioners seeking to implement better resource management strategies across property boundaries. This case study research on the Central Tablelands of New South Wales, Australia, aims to better understand the characteristics of absentee landholders, including their motivations for holding land, their existing levels of knowledge concerning land management practices, and their views and preferences for cross-property collaborations and, in turn, explore the role they could have in the delivery of ecosystem services.Our results show that recreation and amenity relating to private cultural services are the main drivers of land acquisition and motivation for land use by absentee landholders in the region. Cross-property collaborations that absentee landholders are most interested in are related to the maintenance of supporting and regulating services, particularly through weed management and pest animal control. An important implication of these findings is that the facilitation of cross-property collaboration, by accommodating for the growing heterogeneity in values and beliefs, can become a mechanism for enhancing the delivery of public-benefit ecosystem services from absentee-held land.

HARMONISASI REGULASI KEPEMILIKAN TANAH PERTANIAN SECARA ABSENTEE BAGI PEGAWAI NEGERI DALAM PROGRAM LANDREFORM

Peoples needs can not be separated from the need of land . Once the importance of soil functions for society , need to be regulated in order to ensure the mastery and utilization at the same time in order to create legal certainty for the public . The problem that then arises since the start time of independence is disproportionate land ownership . In order to overcome these problems , the government has enacted Law No. 5 of 1960 About the Agrarian and the Reformation has been set TAP MPR No. IX / MPR / 2001 on Agrarian Reform and Natural Resources Management . One important aspect of the law with the enactment of the UUPA is a program of Landreform in Indonesia . Landreform became one of the alternatives for agrarian justice to resolve agrarian disputes and conflicts . one of the land reform program is the prohibition of absentee ownership of agricultural land. The problem that then occurs is the existence of exceptions in absentee land ownership . The problems regarding the permissibility of absentee ownership of agricultural land by the Servants . The exception contained in Article 3 Paragraph (4) of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 on the implementation of Land Distribution and Provision of Compensation. Ownership and control of agricultural soils in absentee in Article 10 Paragraph (1) UUPA is basically prohibited, but in Article 3 Paragraph (4) PP No. 224 years 1961, the government granted an exemption absentee ownership of agricultural land to some legal subjects of the Servant , retired civil servants , widows and widows of civil servants retired civil servants.

Impact of Land Tenure System on Socio-Economic Characteristics in Selected Areas of Mymensingh

The present study aims at investigating into the existing land tenure system of Dorirampur, Jhairpar and Goisa para at Traishal Upazila of Mymensingh District. Keeping in view the objectives 70 samples were randomly selected. Survey method was followed to collect required data. Sampled farmers belonged to six tenurial groups. Out of 70 respondents 34, 22, 16, 7, 10 and 11 percent of total were owner operators, part operators, part tenants, part operator-cum-part tenants, tenants and absentee landowners respectively during the study year. In the study, out of 70 respondents 67 percent were owner operator, 33 percent of them were tenant operators. The selected farmers in the study area practiced three types of share cropping system: i) fifty-fifty share cropping, ii) forty-sixty share cropping and iii) fixed amount of paddy payment. The average annual income were found to be Tk. 97096, 128267, 5215, 76340, 35871 and 113563 respectively for owner operator, part operators, part tenants, part operator-cum-part tenants, tenants and absentee landowner. Analysis of annual income reveals a positive relationship between tenure category and that of annual income during the study area.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 133-142 2017

Land Tenure and Credit - a Study in Selected Areas of Mymensingh

The present study aims at investigating into the existing land tenure system and its relationship with credit at Trishal Upazila of Mymensingh district. Keeping in view the objectives, 70 samples were randomly selected. The respondents have taken loan from institutional, semi institutional and non-institutional sources of credit for producing crops. The study reveals that the absentee land owner and part operator in the area have got more access to institutional sources of credit because of their ability to offer land as security. Tenants on the other hand were found to have no loan at all from the BKB because of their inability to offer collateral against loan. The tenant farmers however, were found to have access to semi institutional sources like GB and BRAC. The respondents therefore, need not be so dependent at present on money lenders and non-institutional sources of credit because of institutional and semi-institutional network present close to the study area. A lion’s share of loaned money obtained has been productively utilized by the sampled respondents irrespective of tenure categories implying the borrower’s positive attitudes towards productive utilization.J. Environ. Sci. & Natural Resources, 10(2): 143-150 2017

A U.S. Imperialist or Mexican Philanthropist? Understanding William O. Jenkins

Andrew Paxman has written the definitive account of William Jenkins—often considered the richest man in mid-twentieth century Mexico. Paxman’s lengthy biography is extensively investigated and based on research in three countries at twenty-three different archives. In addition, Paxman consulted fifteen sets of privately held papers and interviewed seventy individuals, including family members, business partners, and others who knew Jenkins. This, combined with Paxman’s spirited writing style, makes for a compelling read that will engage scholars interested in modern Mexico, bilateral relations, and the evolution of capitalism in the developing world. Jenkins grew up on a Tennessee farm and—despite being a genius with numbers—pursued a bachelor’s degree in literature and languages at Vanderbilt University. In 1901 he moved to San Antonio, Texas with his wife Mary Street in hope of becoming a successful businessman and winning the approval of his elitist Nashville in-laws. Seeing greater economic opportunity further south, within months Jenkins and Mary moved to Mexico. Unlike most American investors who spent little time south of the border, Jenkins made Mexico—particularly the city and state of Puebla—his home for the next sixty years. Also unlike many industrialists and absentee landowners, Jenkins got his hands dirty by working in the factories and fields that he owned or transporting supplies and finished products. As Paxman illustrates, he similarly set himself apart from Mexico’s domestic and foreign elite by not drinking, entertaining, having a mistress, attending mass, or using the press to defend himself.

Optimal adaptation in cities

Due to their vulnerability and their special role as being a center of economic activities cities are particularly important in the context of adaptation to adverse events derogating land quality, e.g. resulting from long-term climate change. This paper analyzes economic efficiency of public investments in adaptation within a spatial general equilibrium framework that focuses on the level of cities. We provide a theoretical analysis that highlights the fundamental forces determining efficient public investment in urban adaptation. We further extend the approach to a spatial computable general equilibrium model thereby identifying optimal urban adaptation investment strategies. Our analyses suggest that full adaptation can be an inefficient strategy even in urban areas due to a wide range of direct and indirect spatial general equilibrium effects. Setting investments optimally only reduces a small fraction of the welfare loss of non-adaptation. The findings are robust with respect to assumptions on the marginal returns of adaptation, the degree of possible relocation as a response to an adverse event (intra-urban relocation and inter-urban migration), and the funding scheme applied to finance adaptation (land tax vs. labor tax). Interestingly, adverse urban effects of adaptation could make non-adaptation more efficient than full adaptation. However, if adaptation measures like building dikes or even relocating cities are available and sufficiently productive, full adaptation could become an efficient policy option being able to offset a large fraction of the potential welfare loss of extreme events. Distributional effects of urban adaptation investment (absentee landowners vs. urban renters) as well as a misleading orientation of policymakers to maximize urban GDP rather than social welfare can result in overinvestment in urban adaptation.

Understanding Management Decisions of Absentee Landowners: More Than Just Presence-Absence

Ownership and management of North American rangelands has become increasingly diverse, prompting a need to better understand how changing demographics and values relate to individual land management decisions and land cover. Absentee landowners, who reside away from their rural property, are a growing segment of this changing social landscape. The implications of absentee ownership are not clearly understood, perhaps because the absentee concept is ambiguously defined and inconsistently specified. We introduce the construct of involvement with one’s land to clarify and reframe the absentee landowner concept. We analyzed data from a mail survey of rangeland owners in central Texas to explore the relationship between absentee land ownership and the use of brush management to restore woody-plant invaded grasslands. We employed an information-theoretic approach to compare candidate models using indicators of absenteeism (permanent residence on land and distance of permanent residence from land) and involvement. We measured involvement with one’s land as hours per week operating or working one’s land. We conducted path analysis to examine the relationship between absenteeism and brush management as a function of involvement. Involvement in land management was the best predictor of brush management behavior. Absenteeism, as measured through presence-absence or as distance from land, had no relationship with brush management unless mediated by the involvement construct. Segmenting landowners based solely on the location of their full-time residence provides little information on brush management behavior because it neglects the relationship that landowners may have with their land, regardless of residency. The absentee landowner concept is central to understanding the dynamics of rangeland management and important to get right. Our analysis suggests that getting it right means knowing more than the location of the residence of the landowner.

Who participates in conservation incentive programs? Absentee and group landholders are in the mix

Voluntary incentive programs are widely used to generate conservation actions on private land. Although there is a growing body of research about factors that influence landholder participation in incentive programs, studies generally conceptualise landholders in agricultural landscapes as owner-occupier, farming individuals or families. Few studies have considered participation by absentee landholders and fewer still have recognised group landholders (e.g. non-government organisations or community groups) as potential incentive program participants. We examined participation in a conservation stewardship tender (reverse auction) in South Australia to identify the diversity within participants, and particularly to evaluate the extent of participation by absentee landholders and groups. A diverse set of landholders participated, where nearly a quarter of participants were absentee landholders, and a small component were groups. Although small in number, groups were shown to be important because they were likely to offer larger land areas in the stewardship tender. With very little known about how absentee and group landholders may differ from their counterparts, further research is recommended to inform incentive program design. We recommend that incentive programs consider landholder diversity in order to achieve effective conservation in agricultural landscapes.

EXTERNALITIES, PROFIT, AND LAND STEWARDSHIP: CONFLICTING MOTIVES FOR SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION ADOPTION AMONG ABSENTEE LANDOWNERS AND ON-FARM PRODUCERS

AbstractThis research aimed to illicit nonfarming absentee landowners’ and producers’ preferences for the benefits and characteristics derived from conservation practices during adoption decisions using maximum difference scaling, also called the best-worst method. Both groups are found to rank and value the attributes and reasons for adoption of conservation practices differently at the 95% significance level. This difference between the two groups reinforced the importance of land tenure in decision making. This indicated the need for new extension educational efforts, research efforts, and economic incentives to reduce negative externalities that could be ameliorated from adoption of soil and water conservation practices.

Land control dynamics and social-ecological transformations in upland Philippines

Recent scholarship on land grabs has begun exploring the complexity of local dynamics of land control, with emphasis on the concepts of access and exclusion and the social processes that influence these two. In this paper, I emphasize that a nuanced examination of broader social-ecological transformations would enrich our understanding of land control and exclusion. Drawing from field research in the Philippine province of Palawan, this paper examines how the combined effects of the practices of conservation enclosures, the uneven land accumulation brought about by oil palm expansion, and the use of legitimizing upland discourses all contribute to social-ecological transformations in swidden and the exclusion of indigenous smallholders from benefiting from integral forms of swidden agriculture. These practices of land control and the associated social-ecological transformations are not just interconnected, but also characterized by feedback mechanisms. The more smallholders decide to alter (or abandon) swidden practices, participate in oil palm contract farming, and/or sell their land to oil palm growers, the greater the tendency for land to accumulate among migrant settlers and absentee landowners. This, in turn, may lead to further reduction in the availability of fallow land and exclusion of more indigenous smallholders over time.

The study on "an absentee landowner" by KOBAYASITAKIJI

The study on "an absentee landowner" by KOBAYASITAKIJI

From food security to food wellbeing: examining food security through the lens of food wellbeing in Nepal\u2019s rapidly changing agrarian landscape

This paper argues that existing food security and food sovereignty approaches are inadequate to fully understand contradictory human development, nutrition, and productivity trends in Nepalese small-scale agriculture. In an attempt to bridge this gap, we developed a new food wellbeing approach that combines insights from food security, food sovereignty, and social wellbeing perspectives. We used the approach to frame 65 semi-structured interviews in a cluster of villages in Kaski district in the mid-hills of Nepal on various aspects of food security, agriculture, off-farm livelihood opportunities, and women’s wellbeing. Our results indicate that context-specific subjective and social relational factors highlighted by the food wellbeing approach are key to understanding a paradox of increased food security, yet decreasing sustainability of small-scale agriculture. Increased levels of male out-migration and opportunities for local off-farm work have increased local capacity to purchase food. The positive consequences for food security are indicated by evidence that households with non-farm income sources had better food sufficiency, absorption capacity, nutritional quality, and stability of food supply. These off-farm employment opportunities have also led to the greater involvement of low caste groups and women in small-scale agriculture. This has been empowering for both groups and led to an increase in wellbeing, particularly for those women who have become de facto heads of household. Yet, small landholdings, persistent patterns of unequal and absentee land ownership, sharecropping, women’s overwork, and the aspirations of low caste farmers and women away from agriculture are simultaneously driving the erosion of local small-scale agricultural productivity and ecological sustainability.