Absence Of Values Research Articles

RESURGENCE OF INTEREST IN VALUE EDUCATION FOR INCULCATION OF VALUES IN STUDENTS

Values are important as they bring quality to life. They guide human behaviour. Values permeate all aspects of human thought and actions. Values are the guidelines that each society lives by. Without values we cannot visualize a perfect and ideal society. The modern industrialized societies are experiencing the serious erosion of values. Few reasons are breakdown of joint families to nuclear families, single parenting, working mothers, loosening of parental control, role of TV & social media, effect of westernized education, lack of moral and religious education etc. The deterioration of values is creating many serious social and ethical conflicts in society. Life will be chaotic and disastrous in the absence of values. Swami Vivekanand has rightly said, “Excess of knowledge and power, without holiness, makes human beings devils.” Therefore, a coherent and an operationally viable value system should be developed. Man-value-education is a sacred triangle-where education is a vital medium to inculcate, values in students. Education is a subject of prime importance to the country’s progress. Parents and teachers make maximum impact on the personality of a child. Not only the teachers in charge of moral instructions but every teacher whatever subject they teach must necessarily accept their responsibilities for building character of the students. A comprehensive programme of value education is imperative in order to preserve, maintain and advance the position of our country. The entire process of education should centre on values. Several committees and commissions have been formed. They gave a number of suggestions in favour of value education. Values are a lifelong quest and must be inculcated in children at home by the parents, in school by teachers, peer group, media and society at large. The present system of education needs to be focussing on giving value education in its true sense because education without values is a waste of money, energy and time. Education is thus the means to achieve the goals of progress and prosperity.

Development of Critical Thinking Skills in Romanian Society. Possibilities and Limits

The research aims to identify the current situation of critical thinking (CT) in the Romanian mentality, from the perspective of interventions necessary to increase specific skills. We start from an analysis of the main approaches of CT specific to Western educational practices, these being the reference for a comparative analysis of the situation in Romania. Because we cannot exclude the possibility of the existence of certain CT specific contents camouflaged in the Romanian educational practices (that correspond to the western ones but they have other names), we carry out an analysis of the specific CT contents to observe the differences and possible similarities. Considering that CT involves the ability to discover boundaries (e.g.: discovering one's own cognitive boundaries), we look at the issue of potential boundaries. The approach includes analyzing the risk of CT marketing and the limits of specific CT interventions outlined by the mindsets of different communities. The research includes the evaluation of the existence of cultural limits possibility, starting from the question: "Is there a cultural place of CT (is it a value) in the Romanian mentality?". We evaluate the coherence of CT with social values, considering that in the absence of values that enhance its possibility, the probability of success of CT is diminished. Since we cannot a priori exclude the risk of importing models that do not match the mentality and values of this society, we analyze the problem from the perspective of the shapes without fond theory (a relevant questioning paradigm for Romanian society).

Verified Lustre Normalization with Node Subsampling

Dataflow languages allow the specification of reactive systems by mutually recursive stream equations, functions, and boolean activation conditions called clocks. Lustre and Scade are dataflow languages for programming embedded systems. Dataflow programs are compiled by a succession of passes. This article focuses on the normalization pass which rewrites programs into the simpler form required for code generation. Vélus is a compiler from a normalized form of Lustre to CompCert’s Clight language. Its specification in the Coq interactive theorem prover includes an end-to-end correctness proof that the values prescribed by the dataflow semantics of source programs are produced by executions of generated assembly code. We describe how to extend Vélus with a normalization pass and to allow subsampled node inputs and outputs. We propose semantic definitions for the unrestricted language, divide normalization into three steps to facilitate proofs, adapt the clock type system to handle richer node definitions, and extend the end-to-end correctness theorem to incorporate the new features. The proofs require reasoning about the relation between static clock annotations and the presence and absence of values in the dynamic semantics. The generalization of node inputs requires adding a compiler pass to ensure the initialization of variables passed in function calls.

Conflicto Escolar en la Educación Rural del Nororiente de Colombia

El conflicto escolar, problemática que atañe a toda comunidad educativa, tiene repercusiones que suscitan preocupación por cuanto sus manifestaciones afectan física, emocional y académicamente a los implicados. Sin embargo, el conflicto puede ser tomado como oportunidad de progreso personal para mejorar la convivencia y optimizar procesos institucionales; por lo tanto, el objetivo del trabajo se centró en caracterizar tipos de conflicto presentes en diferentes espacios escolares y sus formas de resolución en la Institución Educativa Edmundo Velásquez, ubicada en zona rural del departamento Norte de Santander, Colombia. La investigación fue de enfoque cualitativo, descriptivo e interpretativo con corte transversal, la población de estudio está conformada por 36 estudiantes del grado sexto de la básica secundaria y el instrumento de obtención de información es la observación participante, la cual permitió registrar en un diario de campo eventos, comportamientos que alteran el clima escolar. Los resultados demuestran prevalencia de conductas disruptivas en estudiantes varones, intolerancia y ausencia de valores, mientras que las conclusiones evidencian necesidad de mejorar relaciones interpersonales, promover armonía, generar cambios estructurales de carácter sociocultural, regular la resolución de conflictos a través de políticas educativas y mitigar situaciones con incidencia negativa en todo el estudiantado.

Using desirability functions when making managerial decisions in the mineral resource complex

Relevance. The ever-growing flows of information, tight deadlines for decision-making, the need to maintain competitive positions require ranking calculations to identify leaders and promote leadership factors, ranking units of business entities according to selected criteria, etc. Reliability, visualization, and often acceleration of obtaining results predetermine the appeal to mathematical techniques. Purpose of the study: substantiation of choice of the most acceptable option of the desirability function for use in the process of making managerial decisions related to the development of subsoil resources. Research method: comparative analysis of options for calculating the desirability function, comparison method, methods of mathematical statistics. Results. Two options for calculating the desirability function are considered. The first one developed by E. Harrington, who proposed a special verbal-numerical scale, which made it possible to formalize the system of preferences of different experts. The partial function of desirability, in this case, is constructed so that it is close to "satisfactory" linear one. According to recommendations, the lower and upper boundaries of “satisfactorily” correspond to the minimum and maximum values of indicators for the available data array. There is a slightly different approach to the determination of the partial function of desirability described in a number of works. The generalized desirability function is a convolution of particular functions and is defined as the geometric mean or logarithmic mean. It is possible to use weighting factors with different significance of particular desirability functions. Comparison of various approaches is made for the conditions of management of logistics and equipment of OOO Gazpromtransgaz-Yekaterinburg. An analysis of the results shows that despite discreteness of the particular desirability functions, which in the first case lie in the range from 0.37 to 0.69, and give the entire range of values from 0 to 1 in the second one, the ratings for the generalized desirability function completely coincide with regard to determining a rating of quarterly values of industrial and economic activity. It follows that both methods of calculating partial functions are legitimate, however, the first option seems more convenient technically due to the absence of values of partial desirability functions close to zero, which complicate calculations using computer technology. A third version of the rating was also tested using calculated percentage estimates of the indicators under consideration with respect to the maximum desired value (taking into account their conversion into the relative indices). As in previous cases, the rating of countries according to the generalized function of desirability turned out to be comparable with previously calculated. Conclusions. Comparative calculations confirmed the validity of both options for finding particular desirability functions, since the ratings for the generalized desirability function coincide. The first version of the calculation is more convenient due to the lack of values of particular desirability functions close to zero, which simplifies the use of computer technology

The urban sustainable structure of the vernacular city and its modern transformation: A case study of the popular architecture in the saharian Region

The community vernacular city is the example of the popular architecture in arabmuslim world foundation to create a sense of belonging and attachment to the land. It is a reflection of people’s traditions, culture, aspirations, needs, and their future. In the past, the local community with its beliefs and creative abilities was an integral part of the design and building process. As a result, the architectural product has succeeded in expressing the identity of this community and maintaining elements of continuity and distinction. There is a lot of typical historic Islamic cities, recently its urbanization has been advanced with the demolition of townscape and historic monuments under the modern European style urban planning Today, most design and construction processes are based on imported trends, and the product is foreign and does not express community values, and local urban spaces have lost their identity. This contradiction represents the key issue of the identity crisis in the contemporary Arab city.Arab architecture is suffering from the absence of values and principles derived from the architectural heritage, ignorance of local climate and materials, in addition to the lack of integrating modern technology with local values. Tradition must be respected but development is the key of our existence. Development and tradition could move in parallel. Architectural styles and techniques could also be developed with respect to their original ideals. New road construction has demolished many traditional houses in old town. This paper describes these phenomena in oriental and west world and we based on case study transformation of the city of Bechar during the last 50 years, indicating in particular how the city has moved from an introversion sustainable city (the vernacular tissue or the old ksar) to the ex-colonial and rather provincial city into a urbanisation that is open to and influenced by the financial flows of international capitalism and that is seeking further integration into the world economy. This research targets a deeper understanding of the urban structure and heritage, studying the different causes of tradition remodelling in local urban spaces and find out a way that understanding traditional design principles and sustainability materials, our object is to motivate the architects to conserving the local identity, to find an approach that blends between traditions and modernity to revive the urban sustainable vernacular city.

Calling for character education: promoting moral integrity in early childhood education in Jordan

ABSTRACTThe study aimed to provide insights into the moral integrity of children in one Jordanian school in Amman. In the absence of values, the situation in Jordanian schools continue to deteriorate ethically, there is an increase in cheating, bullying, and vandalism. Therefore, this study aimed to measure the effectiveness of a character education program that was implemented in one private school on 6-7-year-old children (N-47). The study measured the improvement in children’s moral integrity in four different dimensions (empathy, honesty, respect and courage). A tool was developed to measure children’s moral integrity (CMIS) through comparison of pre and post data. The results indicated a significant increase in all dimensions of the moral integrity scale in the post test in favor of the experimental group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the post test in the moral integrity overall scale according to gender. Recommendations and implications for future research were presented.

In the Absence of Values and Ideologies, Party-Switching in Nigeria Is Inevitable

In the Absence of Values and Ideologies, Party-Switching in Nigeria Is Inevitable

Subtype prediction of primary aldosteronism by combining aldosterone concentrations in the left adrenal vein and inferior vena cava: a multicenter collaborative study on adrenal venous sampling.

Subtype diagnosis of primary aldosteronism (PA) by adrenal vein sampling (AVS) is recommended as a mandatory step for indicating adrenal surgery. It is a technically demanding procedure, especially in the right adrenal vein. The aim of the study was to predict the subtype diagnosis in the absence of values from the right AVS. From the databases of nine centers (WAVES-J), 308 patients with PA who underwent successful AVS were studied. Based on the ipsilateral ratio (IR) (aldosterone/cortisol ratio of the left adrenal vein [A/Cleft AV] / aldosterone/cortisol ratio of the inferior vena cava [A/CIVC]), the patients were divided into two groups: the patients with IR ≥ 1.0 (n = 262) and those with IR < 1.0 (n = 46). In patients with IR > 1.0, the A/Cleft AV was significantly higher in patients with the left unilateral subtype than in patients with the bilateral subtype. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis revealed that an A/Cleft AV cutoff >68 showed 70.8% sensitivity and 93.5% specificity for the left unilateral subtype. On the other hand, in patients with IR < 1.0, the A/Cleft AV was significantly lower in patients with the right unilateral subtype. ROC analysis revealed that an A/Cleft AV cutoff <9 showed 86.7% sensitivity and 75.0% specificity for the right unilateral subtype. Hence, the combination of the IR and A/C ratio in the left adrenal vein is useful for predicting the subtype. The present results provide important information for patients with PA in whom AVS was unsuccessful in the right adrenal vein.

Economicism and Nihilism in the Eclipse of Humanism

This article is based on the conviction that the major problems nowadays are not technical, but ethical, and are incumbent on homo qua homo. The origin of these problems is the advancement of economicism as a supreme interpretation of human and social reality, which means the primacy of the “market” and considering human beings in terms of what they have rather than what they are. Economicism emerges in “modernity” and assumes that everything that does not have market value is either devaluated or rejected. In consequence, the human being has been devaluated and has turned into a simple object of the market. “Postmodernity” mixes economicism and techno-scientificism (chrematistics and instrumental rationality) with nihilism (absence of values), giving way to a technological and decadent capitalism that has erased “humanism” and the very idea of the human being. Thus, we are in urgent need of a humanist recovery of the “human” based on a rehabilitation of ontology.

Refletindo sobre a Ética na Prática do Neuromarketing: A Neuroética

Este artigo procura responder ao seguinte problema de pesquisa: quais so as questes ticas relevantes relacionadas prtica do neuromarketing? Seus objetivos so explicar a evoluo do campo do neuromarketing a partir da neurocincia e da neuroeconomia; explicar as principais tcnicas de pesquisa utilizadas no neuromarketing; apresentar o campo da neurotica e aplicar a neurotica para realizar uma reflexo acerca das questes ticas relevantes prtica do neuromarketing. O neuromarketing surgiu a partir dos avanos da neuroeconomia. Utilizando-se das mesmas tcnicas de mapeamento de imagens cerebrais, o neuromarketing procura investigar os consumidores e utilizar as informaes em aes de marketing. O campo da neurotica pode ser compreendido como uma reflexo das prticas neurocientficas e conceitos ticos. Questes de interesse para a neurotica dizem respeito aplicaes prticas da neurotecnologia tanto para pessoas como para a sociedade. Marketing uma atividade empresarial com impactos sociais e, portanto, no pode ser executado em um vazio de valores. Este artigo contribui para o conhecimento acadmico do neuromarketing a partir de uma extensa reviso realizada em peridicos internacionais e da apresentao de um campo especfico do neuromarketing ainda no discutido pela academia no Brasil: a neurotica. A reflexo acerca da tica das prticas de neuromarketing, a neurotica importante para orientar as pesquisas atuais (e futuras) neste campo.DOI: 10.5585/remark.v13i3.2689

Characteristics of CALIPSO and CloudSat Backscatter at the Top Center Layers of Mesoscale Convective Systems and Relation to Cloud Microphysics

Abstract Following the discovery of anomalously high values of lidar integrated attenuated backscatter near the top center layers of mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) observed by the NASA Lidar In-Space Technology Experiment (LITE), a search of Cloud Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) data on board the Cloud Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) platform revealed the same phenomena in a sample of eight MCSs investigated. The backscatter depolarization ratio also showed changes concurrent with the high integrated backscatter and either increased or decreased concurrently with the anomalous backscatter. Simultaneous CloudSat data in the A-Train formation showed a cloud-top altitude similar to that measured by CALIOP, indicating fairly large ice crystals were reaching cloud top. Based on previous work, the CALIOP and CloudSat returns were likely due to a mix of small ice droxtals or frozen drops extending in a continuous spectrum to large crystals composed of well-formed hexagonal columns, thick hexagonal plates, spheroids, and irregular particles. The CALIOP lidar would detect the whole spectrum whereas CloudSat would detect ice crystals greater than ∼30 μm in effective radius; there were apparently enough of such crystals to allow CloudSat to detect a cloud-top height similar to that found by CALIOP. Using such a model, it was estimated that the measured backscatter phase function in the most active part of the cloud could be reconciled approximately with theoretical values of the various crystal habits. However, it was harder to reconcile the changes in depolarization ratio given the absence of values of this parameter for small droxtal crystals.

Qualidade da água de abastecimento público de Ribeirão Preto em área de abrangência do Aquífero Guarani: determinação de metais e nitrato

This paper presents the results of the Electrical Resistivity geophysical method applied to determine the area of leaching migration originated from solids waste decomposition, disposed in ditch type landfill. When the monitoring of wells or other direct techniques of the environmental investigation is not possible, the geological characterization, supported by geophysics techniques is an alternative for the assessment and monitoring leached materials. The absence of values below 100 ?.m in the reference line at 4 m of depth and the occurrence of these values in the residues ditches and its surroundings indicate the presence of leachate. This relation is a result of the high content of total dissolved solids that characterize the studied contaminant that reduces the electric resistivity.

Caracterização geoelétrica de contaminantes provenientes da decomposição de resíduos sólidos domiciliares

This paper presents the results of the Electrical Resistivity geophysical method applied to determine the area of leaching migration originated from solids waste decomposition, disposed in ditch type landfill. When the monitoring of wells or other direct techniques of the environmental investigation is not possible, the geological characterization, supported by geophysics techniques is an alternative for the assessment and monitoring leached materials. The absence of values below 100 Ω.m in the reference line at 4 m of depth and the occurrence of these values in the residues ditches and its surroundings indicate the presence of leachate. This relation is a result of the high content of total dissolved solids that characterize the studied contaminant that reduces the electric resistivity.

Democracy, Experience, and Education: Promoting a Continued Capacity for Growth

While it is easy for educators to intone that education is necessary for a democracy, Mr. Garrison reminds us that democracy is equally necessary for any education worthy of the name. THE DISCUSSION of democracy and education seldom progresses beyond the common declaration that education is necessary for democracy, a declaration that historically has formed the basis for our nation's fundamental commitment to public schooling. Carl Glickman summarizes the rationale underlying this declaration: essential value of the public school in a democracy, from the beginning, was to ensure an educated citizenry capable of participating in discussion, debates, and decisions to further the wellness of the larger community and protect the individual right to 'life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.' An educated citizenry and a democracy were one and the same; the lack of one would imperil the other.1 My purpose here is to attempt to deepen this discussion. Educators need to recognize and communicate that the connection between schooling and democracy is more than simply the duty to educate students about democratic processes - - even if we model those processes in our schools and classrooms. In our professional capacity, it is not the civics lesson that is most important here. If education is essential to democracy, we educators also need to recognize and understand how and why the democratic values of freedom and self-governance are essential ingredients of learning and how the absence of values in classroom practice undermines the very process of education. In other words, what is being missed in the discussion of democracy and education is not how education is necessary for democracy, but how democracy is necessary for education. One result of only half-recognizing this relationship between democracy and education is that democratic values are not used in practice the foundation for creating a rich and rewarding learning environment and a progressive and evolving curriculum. Without understanding the critical importance of values for learning, common practice remains grounded in the traditional approach to education. This approach views education as an instrument rather than a value in its own right.2 The most serious consequence of the instrumental approach to education, of course, is the effect it has on our students. In failing to recognize the necessity of democracy for education, the mission of our public schools has become ever more focused on narrowly conceived results. The institution of public schooling is now in fact threatening to undermine its own primary objective -- that of education. Moreover, it fails to understand why. Even many of our best students seem to learn simply for the sake of grades and credits and are seldom engaged in the joy of learning for its own sake. Though they may acquire considerable knowledge and skills, the lasting effect of such an education robs many students of their desire to learn, effectively undermining their future education. Despite a century of stunning progress in the advancement of teaching and learning, the principal arguments driving the politics of education have not changed since the progressive movement gained a foothold in the public schools over 100 years ago.3 In referring to recent legislation on school reform, Linda Darling-Hammond observes that these efforts are the most recent expressions of a model of school reform put into place at the turn of the 20th century -- a model grounded in the view of schools bureaucracies run by carefully specified procedures that yield standard products (students). Darling-Hammond goes on to clarify her point: This model fits with a behavioristic view of learning the management of stimulus and response, easily controlled from outside the classroom by identifying exactly what is to be learned and breaking it up into small, sequential bits. However, we now know that, far from being blank slates waiting to accumulate pieces of information, learners actively construct their knowledge in very different ways depending on what they already know or understand to be true, what they have experienced, and how they perceive and interpret new information. …

THE SOCIALIST SYSTEM AND ITS COLLAPSE IN HUNGARY: AN INTERPRETATION IN TERMS OF MODERNISATION THEORY

Modernisation theory is considered to be the best framework to interpret the socialist period and the collapse of the socialist system. Modernisation is defined here as a combination of five processes: 1. structural changes; 2. an improvement in living standards; 3. the development of a welfare system; 4. democratisation; 5. the development of modern values and norms. During the socialist period, structural changes usually went in the direction of modernisation in that living conditions were improved, albeit more slowly than in the market economies, while the welfare system was dysfunctional. The greatest obstacle to further modernisation was seen to be the absence of values and norms which provide the basis for the functioning of a modern economy and society. The cause of this value crisis was the initially totalitarian and later authoritarian character of the system. The failure of the modernisation process delegitimised the political system, and subsequent popular pressure to change the system was the main cause of its collapse. After the revolution, the political system was wholly democratised, but the former socialist countries are confronted with serious economic decline, which will hopefully be turned around in the coming years. A thoroughgoing reform of social policy is needed but not so easily implemented. The development of the `civic virtues', values and norms needed for an efficient market economy and the functioning of political democracy might take several decades.

Aqueous partial molar heat capacities and volumes for NaTcO4 and NaReO4

A flow microcalorimeter/densimeter system has been commissioned to measure heat capacities and densities of solutions containing radioactive species as a function of temperature. Measurements were made for NaTcO4(aq) at six temperatures (189.15 K to 373.15 K for the heat capacities, 287.43 K to 396.67 K for the densities) over the molality range 0.01 to 0.29 mol-kg−1. Measurements for NaReO4(aq) (NaReO4 is a common nonradioactive analogue for NaTcO4) were made under similar conditions, but for eight temperatures and a more extensive range of molalities, 0.05 to 0.65 mol-kg−1. Heat capacities of NaCl(aq) reference solutions were also measured from 293.15 K to 398.15 K. The heat capacity and density data are analysed using Pitzer's ioninteraction model. Equations for the apparent molar heat capacities and volumes are reported. Values of the NaReO4(aq) partial molar heat capacities are compared to literature values based on integral heats of solution. The agreement between the two sets of NaReO4 results is good below 330 K, but only fair at the higher temperatures. Values of the partial molar volumes have also been derived. Using literature values and the results of our experiments, it is calculated that the disproportionation of hydrated TcO2(s) to form TcO 4 − (aq) and Tc(cr) occurs more readily at high temperatures. The uncertainties introduced by using thermodynamic values for ReO 4 − (aq), in the absence of values for TcO 4 − (aq), are discussed.

Let Those without Bias Cast the First Stone: A Reply to Fischgrund

Let Those Without Bias Cast First Stone: A Reply to Fischgrund * In his response to our manuscript Play behavior of hearing-impaired children: Integrated and segregated settings, Fischgrund makes repeated reference to prointegration bias inherent in our work. Judging from nature of his remarks, our alleged biases seem to have run directly counter to something very dear to him; that is, his own bias. THE FALLACY OF VALUE-FREE RESEARCH From their beginnings, researchers in field of special education have been stepchildren of physicians, biologists, psychologists, and others in natural and behavioral sciences. As such, they have been trained in tradition of scientific method, of which researcher objectivity and value-free inquiry have been essential components. There is, however, a growing literature that attests to fact that inquiry cannot be value free. The statement that inquiry should be value free is, in fact, itself a value statement (Lincoln & Guba, 1985). And so, rather than attempt to deny our biases, we wish to quickly step forward and acknowledge our proclivity for physical and social of all young children without regard to ability, race, religion, or sex. Just as quickly, however, we wish to acknowledge our respect for Fischgrund's right to include physically separate settings as one option in continuum of choices available for selection as the most appropriate setting for young children who have hearing impairments. What we wish to avoid is illusion that any research, or any response to research, is carried out in absence of values and biases. THE REAL ISSUE Much more serious than accusation of having a bias, however, is allegation of allowing our bias to guide our research. Contrary to Fischgund's assertion that study was designed to find out what we already believed, this investigation grew out of some impromptu observations of first author. Visiting a child-care center on a regular basis on unrelated business, Esposito began to notice that Michael, a child with a hearing impairment and one of eventual participants in investigation, regularly was involved in some very positive social interactions and play episodes with other children attending center. Recalling that presence of a hearing impairment is often linked in literature to a delay in development of advanced play skills, this author wondered whether Michael's play skills and social interactions in any way influenced by his social setting. From those early observations, grounded in natural setting, investigation was born; and desire to understand dynamics of situation was genuine. The accusation that we were not out to discover anything about . . . interactions, play strategies, or abilities (Fischgrund) seems to attest to degree to which Fischgund's own biases violated. POINTS OF AGREEMENT AND DISAGREEMENT That said, we can respond briefly to Fischgrund's more specific criticisms. First, lest we be only ones criticized for using outdated material, Fischgrund has noted that . . . is issue, not physical (Fischgrund). Certainly, physical proximity is not issue. But physical proximity is clearly a prerequisite for interaction that Fischgrund wishes to discuss. Without physical proximity, there can be no interaction. In addition, we disagree that integration and segregation are inappropriate terms for use here. We assert that these terms are as relevant today as they in Brown v. Board of Education of City of Topeka, Kansas, in 1954. A criticism is also raised over our use of term handicapped to refer to children with hearing impairments. We agree that labels are unfortunate outcomes of human tendency to classify and categorize. Nevertheless, when one wants to study groups of people with certain characteristics, need for a way to designate group arises. …

Counseling and Values in the Story of King David

In this article the biblical story of David is analyzed to determine what is the most effective form of counseling and why. Although the mere presence of values does not guarantee success, the absence of values in the counseling process can lead to disastrous results. The author concludes that the most effective method is one that is suffused with the highest values and that leads the individual to evaluate himself or herself in light of those values.

Alex La Guma: The Literary and Political Functions of Marginality in the Colonial Situation

enough for the settler to delimit physically, that is to say with help of the army and the police force, the place of the native. As if to show the totalitarian character of colonial exploitation the settler paints the native as a sort of quintessence of evil . .. The native is declared insensible to ethics; he represents not only the absence of values, but also the negation of values. He is, let us dare admit it, the enemy of values, and in this sense he is the absolute evil.'