Absence Of People Research Articles

Kenneth Jack and rural towns: Australian socialist realist art (or just a less bitter pill to swallow)?

Early Australian artists of European extraction had to wrestle with the vast, inhospitable climate of inland Australia, unfamiliar animals and plants, and harsh sunlight. To a greater or lesser extent, especially Boyd and Drysdale, they also considered the Aboriginal inhabitants and how Europeans’ grip on the land and their understanding of it always paled in comparison with theirs, leaving the Europeans the ones out of place, infringing on a complex culture. Here, I use Marxist theories of ideology and art to examine the work of Kenneth Jack, an Australian realist painter of rural towns. His reassuring images are not confrontational, unlike those of Boyd and Drysdale. They can be ideological by pointing to an apparently timeless and tranquil midday peace, free from urban stressors and manufacturing and architectural blight. As with poet Banjo Paterson, they create a discourse that raises up life in “the bush.” These images can function as ideology where rural communities and services appear to be underappreciated and under threat. It is a conservative vision as the absence of people and vehicles reminds us, perhaps paradoxically, of romanticized rural communities just out of the painter’s sight.

Image Influence on Concern about Stormwater Flooding: Exploratory Focus Groups

Increased urbanization coupled with climate change is increasing the number and intensity of stormwater flooding events. Implementing efforts to successfully manage stormwater flooding depends on understanding how people perceive these events. While images of stormwater flooding abound, how these images influence perceptions about flooding events or management options remains understudied. Our objective is to contribute to the general understanding of how various types of images depicting stormwater runoff and stormwater related flooding influence individual and group interpretations of causes of events, major impacts of those events, and responsibility for managing stormwater related events. To this end, we convened focus groups, gave participants numerous photos of stormwater flooding, asked them to identify which images were most concerning, and to then discuss the specific aspects of the photos that prompted concern. We also tested whether a priming image implicating climate change or development as a cause of stormwater flooding influenced viewer reactions. Finally, we asked participants about preferences for who should manage stormwater. Our results revealed that photo location, the water’s appearance, and what people were doing in the photo influenced levels of concern. We also found that priming seems to affect opinions regarding urban stormwater management. Finally, there is some evidence that the absence of people in the photo may affect beliefs about who should manage stormwater.

Political Socialisation and Capacity Building through Decentralisation Rural Local Leadership

After attaining Independence in 1947, a committee headed by Balvantrai Mehta studied the problems of local government, like the absence of people’s participation, and suggested ways and means for improving the execution of ‘Community Development Programme’ (CDP) and ‘National Extension Service’ (NES) scheme, launched on 1952 and 1953 respectively, in a phased manner. The partial success of both CDP and NES led to the formation of a three-tier arrangement, which is the process of democratic decentralization. The political socialization process is through every human being learning the essentials of socio-political life science he or she comes into the world. The behavioral movement has sensitized scholars in comparative politics to shift their research area from the static aspects of structural, legal, and historical analysis of the rural local governments to the dynamic aspect of the functions of these institutions. This area has received impetus, especially from scholars who have been oriented toward the methodology of functionalists. India is acknowledged for its local administration through the ages. The present local government structure has its roots in Lord Mayo’s strategy of decentralization of 1870, followed by Lord Ripon’s enunciation of local government in 1884, which had heralded a new trend of bringing people to the centre-stage in managing their own affairs. Mahatma Gandhi said that “the centre of power is not in Delhi or Calcutta or Bombay or in big cities; it should be distributed among the seven hundred thousand villages of India.” The significance of local government in India has considerably increased in the post-independent India. There is a paucity of research work on political socialization aspects of the rural local body leaders at the national and international levels. This research work would add to the multidisciplinary research literature relevant to Politics and Public Administration, Social Work, Sociology, Rural Development, Economics, etc. The present research paper examines the political socialization aspects of the rural local body leaders from Cuddalore district, Tamil Nadu, India.

Development of a model of received signals and algorithms for their processing for radar detection of people in rooms through a wall

The problem of developing models of received radar signals in through a wall sensing radars is considered, taking into account the properties of targets and the presence of interference clutter. In this case, the targets to be detected are people who are in a mobile or stationary state. It is assumed that the sensing is carried out using an ultra-wideband signal with step frequency modulation. The developed model should correspond to the actual received signals of the through a wall radar in terms of the proximity of statistical characteristics. Goal of article – creation of models of reflected signals corresponding to sensing with the help of through a wall radar of various rooms in the presence or absence of living people in them. Signal models have been developed that correspond to the cases of probing both an "empty" room (in the absence of people) and a room with people inside it. When developing models, the properties of real signals that were obtained during field experiments with the radar layout are taken into account. The statistical characteristics of real and model signals are compared, as a result of which the adequacy of the developed models to real signals is shown. It is also shown that the amplitude of the complex envelope of the target signal can be described using the Gauss function. The developed signal models make it possible to determine the characteristics of a matched filter, the use of which in signal processing in through-the-wall radar leads to a significant reduction in the noise component and smoothing of signals. With the help of the developed models, estimates of the effectiveness of signal processing algorithms can be obtained for various scenarios of probing rooms through a wall.

Comparative analysis of air disinfection methods for prevention of bacterial and viral infections

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of two methods for indoor air disinfection, i.e., those based on ultraviolet (UV) irradiation sources of open and closed types.Material and methods. Two main indoor air disinfection methods were compared – an open-type UV irradiator and a closed-type recirculating irradiator– based on the parameters of total bacterial contamination and the content of staphylococci and mold spores in the air (n = 30).Results. UV disinfection using an open-type bactericidal lamp, both for 15 and 30 min, is significantly more effective than disinfection using a recirculating irradiator in terms of reducing the total bacterial contamination (p < 0.001), the content of viable staphylococci (p < 0.001 – p = 0.026), and mold spores (p < 0.001) in the air.Conclusion. The use of bactericidal lamps of open type is a more effective tool for indoor air disinfection compared to the use of closed-type recirculating irradiators. It is advisable to use UV disinfection with open type sources in the absence of people followed by ventilation and subsequent use of recirculating irradiators in the presence of people.

PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS OF NATURAL AIR EXCHANGE IN MULTI-APARTMENT RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

Most multi-apartment residential buildings built in the 20th century in Central and Eastern Europe do not meet modern energy efficiency requirements. The main part of the thermal energy consumed by buildings is used to heat the supply air from outside, which is the largest share in the energy balance of buildings. The purpose of this research is a parametric analysis of influencing factors on the frequency of air exchange in the room and an experimental study of the concentration of CO2 in a typical apartment. The object of the study is a one-room apartment in a family-type dormitory in the city of Kyiv. The dormitory has ducted natural ventilation. In the work, experimental measurements of the concentration of carbon dioxide were carried out in the premises of the living room, kitchen, corridor of the apartment and in the ventilation channel in the summer period. The indicator gas method was used to measure the air exchange rate. During air infiltration, the average rate of air exchange in the absence of people in the apartment in the living room was 2.41 h-1, in the corridor - 2.34 h-1, in the kitchen - 0.57 h-1. Under exfiltration conditions, the average values were lower: living room – 0.24 h-1, corridor – 0.94 h-1, kitchen – 0.52 h-1. The dependence between wind directions and the phenomena of infiltration and exfiltration in the premises of the apartment was recorded. As a result of the research, it was established that the most influential parameter of the change in the concentration of CO2 in the room is the release from people's breath. It follows from the simulation results that to ensure the regulatory level of CO2 concentration is not higher 1500 ppm, it is necessary to observe the air exchange in the considered room not lower than the level of 1.51 h-1 for conditions when 2 people are constantly in the room That is, the mass balance of CO2, which takes into account the number of inhabitants, can be an attractive alternative method for predicting the intensity of ventilation of a building.

Understanding virtual museum visits: generation Z experiences

ABSTRACT This paper aims to provide new insight into creating authentic Web-based virtual museum experiences by exploring positive and negative elements of the experiences of Web-based virtual museum visits performed by young (Generation Z) visitors. The Qualitative Diary Research (QDR) method was applied, encompassing 107 visits of web-based virtual museums from different countries. Results reveal that the visitors’ orientation and moving, the technology used in virtual museums, and virtual exhibition and artefacts represent crucial factors for satisfaction. Time flexibility and lack of cost contribute to a better virtual museum experience. The absence of people in virtual museums and the lack of services such as museum e-shops and entertainment were found to be harmful elements in contributing to the better virtual museum experience. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that offers insights into Generation Z experiences of different Web-based virtual museums.

A LOW-COST COMPACT ELECTRICAL ENERGY SAVING SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH PIR MOTION DETECTOR

In the present modern society, where electricity is necessary for the lightening of homes and public buildings, the major problem in our localities is power wastes. To some extent electrical appliances such as lighting systems were left ON even in the absence of people in both private and public places. This is because traditional manual switching system is still employed in almost every building where one has to switch the room lights ON or OFF. Thus, a large amount of energy is being wasted if lights are left ON in the absence of people in those places. This work presents an intelligent energy saving system that can automatically power ON/OFF our lightening systems. The heart of this project is Passive Infrared (PIR) motion detector that can detects the radiated heat of a person and converts it to electrical signals, which is sent to switching circuit for processing. A low-cost fully automated energy saving system was designed and tested in physics laboratory of Umaru Musa Yar’adua University, Katsina, Nigeria. The system was able to detect movement of objects/humans within range of 6 meters in the lab to switch ON the light and also switch it OFF in their absence. Therefore, the designed system if explored will have the potentials of reducing energy waste and at the same time reducing one’s energy bills.

Indoor Human Detection from a Building's Exterior Using 433 MHz Wireless Transceivers.

This study introduces a novel system for detecting humans inside a building by utilizing RF signals from the building's exterior. Existing RF communication devices encounter signal attenuation issues when passing through walls, limiting their effectiveness. In contrast, our system employs a low-power, long-distance communication signal operating at 433 MHz to enhance signal permeability, enabling the accurate detection of individuals within the building. The system analyzes received signal strength indicator (RSSI) data using variance and mean analysis algorithms to determine the presence or absence of people. The evaluation results indicate promising average accuracies of 88% for the variance analysis algorithm and 97.7% for the mean analysis algorithm. The proposed system holds potential for real-world deployment, particularly in challenging scenarios such as fire incidents, where pre-installation is challenging. Continued research and development efforts aim to enhance the system's performance and address any limitations, making it more effective and robust in various practical applications.

Development of an automated system for disinfection of premises

The article describes the development of an automated system for disinfection of premises. This task has become especially urgent during the Coronavirus pandemic. This is a type of SARS, which includes hundreds of different viruses that cause, at least, inflammation of the mucous membranes of the respiratory tract. The main way of protection is prevention. The relevance of the article is determined by the need for air purification in working rooms. During the pandemic, closed-type recirculators were used to solve the problem of disinfection of premises, which work only with the air passing through them, but do not affect microorganisms and viruses on surfaces and furniture in the room in any way. The article deals with the development of an automated cleaning system for premises using ultraviolet lamps operating in various modes in working rooms. The authors present a description of the structure of an automated system designed to disinfect air and surfaces in rooms of all categories in order to prevent bacterial contamination in the absence of people. The system consists of a software part with a user interface that allows you to configure devices in accordance with the working hours of employees, and a hardware part based on a microcontroller that determines the program of operation of the device. An original algorithm for the functioning of the system and the program interface has been developed. The development results have been tested. The advantages and novelty of the developed system are as follows: • The developed algorithm allows disinfection of the room (air and surfaces) in automatic mode with the ability to set operating modes in accordance with the nature of the tasks performed by employees. • Sound notification of the beginning and end of processing. • The proposed arrangement of disinfection lamps (integrated into the lighting system) allows you to clean both the indoor air space and the surfaces. The developed software and device can be used in all types of premises for their high-quality disinfection.

The Implementation of Nucu Ngoruh in The Traditional Marriage of The Dayak Siang Tribe

This study aimed to analyze the implementation, support, and inhibiting factors of nucu ngoruh in Dayak Siang traditional weddings. A qualitative method with observation, interviews, and documentation was utilized to get the research finding. The implementation of nucu ngoruh in traditional Dayak Siang marriages in Saripoi Village consisted of two versions. The first version of the wedding procession was making pondong, making lawang sakepeng, making hompong, and the marriage contract process. The second version of the marriage procession was pantan pulut, pali manasai, ngiap or kandan ngiap, second hompong and third hompong, which includes hompong balanga, lawang sakepeng, Manasai dance, hompong human/female, and the bride and groom sat side by side on the Mura gong. The supporting factor for nucu ngoruh was that indigenous peoples highly respected the provisions of social and divine values, so indigenous people adjusted to the provisions for the preparation of traditional goods, and the procession of traditional marriages might also be under customary rules. Finally, there were four inhibiting factors for nucu ngoruh. First, the groom was not ready either physically or mentally. The second was the lack of financial support provided. The third was the absence of people who mastered the art of sculpture was make statues to complete the implementation of the traditional Dayak Siang wedding. Fifth, there was no written text or manual procedure for implementing the traditional Dayak Siang wedding procession.

Documenting the Contribution of People to Successful Business Model Implementation:

The absence of people (employees) from the business model literature is at odds with their pivotal contribution to the value creation, delivery and capture process. As a resource that management is continually challenged to grow, their success in doing so has been identified as an outcome falling within the scope of Integrated Reporting, an approach currently touted as the new corporate reporting. This short paper suggests a number of employee attributes that might be documented in such reports.

Comparative assessment of doses and health risks for students (pupils) and employees of several educational institutions in the Leningrad region, depending on methods and approaches to measuring indoor radon concentration

According to the annual information packet “Radiation exposure doses to the population of the Russian Federation”, internal exposure to radon has been the main contributor to the annual dose for the population for many years. The paper presents results of a comparative assessment of doses and health risks for students (pupils) and employees of four educational institutions in the Kingiseppsky district of the Leningrad region due to exposure to radon and its progeny. Evaluation of the doses and risks was based on results of instant and long-term measurements of indoor radon concentrations published earlier. Individual annual effective doses to students (pupils) and employees due to exposure to radon while in the building of an educational institution, calculated on the basis of the results of instant measurements of radon EEC, ranged from 0.34 to 4.87 mSv/year for different institutions. However, calculation on the basis of the results of long-term measurements of radon concentration resulted in the dose values 2-4 times higher (from 1.40 to 14.79 mSv/year). These results do not reflect the real exposure scenario, since solid-state nuclear track detectors were exposed continuously, including nights, weekends and holidays (i.e. periods of actual absence of people in the buildings of the educational institutions). Based on the results of instant measurements of radon EEC, the contribution of radon and its progeny to the individual annual effective dose due to all natural sources of ionizing radiation to students (pupils) and employees was 59% (2.21 mSv/year) in the kindergarten of Opol’e, 61% (2.41 mSv/year) in the kindergarten of Falileevo, 82% (6.81 mSv/year) in the school of Falileevo, and 82% (7.11 mSv/year) in the school of Bol’shaya Pustomerzha. According to the classification established in sanitary rules and norms OSPORB 99/2010, the exposure of students and employees of the surveyed schools is classified as “increased” (from 5 to 10 mSv/year) when using the results of instant measurements of radon EEC, and is classified as “high” when using the results of long-term measurements of radon concentration (more than 10 mSv/year). The average individual lifetime risk of radon-induced lung cancer death (based on the results of instant measurements of radon EEC) for students (pupils) and employees was 3.8∙10–4 in the kindergarten of Opol’e, 4.1∙10–4 in the kindergarten of Falileevo, 1.2∙10–3 in the school of Falileevo, and 1.2∙10–3 in the school of Bol’shaya Pustomerzha. However, calculation on the basis of the results of long-term measurements of radon concentration resulted in the risk values from 1.5 to 2.4 times higher. The results obtained can be used to improve the method of monitoring of indoor radon concentration in existing operated public buildings in the Russian Federation, which in turn will make it possible to obtain correct values of doses and health risks.

Improving the technology of underground mining of polymetallic ores at the Korbalikhinsky mine of Siberia-Polymetals JSC

Introduction. The article contains the results of research on an effecient and safe technology for underground mining of polymetallic ores of the Korbalikhinsky deposit, located in Western Siberia in the south of the Altai Territory, 1.5 km north of the town of Zmeinogorsk. The deposit is developed by underground technique of the Korbalikhinsky mine of Siberia-Polymetals JSC, which is part of the Ural Mining and Metallurgical Company JSC (UMMC JSC) holding corporation. Research objective is to find new technological solutions for the Korbalikhinsky mine of SiberiaPolymetals JSC that allow changing the technology of ore extraction with the ability to ensure the annual production capacity of the mine of 1.5 million tons of ore. Methods of research included the selection of alternative, safe and suitable mining method that is suitable for the Korbalikhinsky deposit by analyzing the mining and geological conditions and mining factors. Methods of research also included geomechanical justification for mining method structural element parameters, the development of underground mining technology and ore bodies sequence of mining. Results. From the mining methods proposed by the authors, the specialists of the mine selected the chamber mining method with reduced design parameters and backfilling. It is cost-effective and safe at the same time. Absence of people in the developed space, higher mining productivity and optimal recovery factor are its advantages. The proposed technology of underground ore mining will allow the mine to reach the level of annual production capacity of 1.5 million tons by 2025.

Reproductive success of threatened northern Lesser Black Backed Gulls (Larus fuscus fuscus) in relation to nest predation by Ravens (Corvus corax)

Many seabird populations suffer heavily from the destruction of nests by generalist predators. In this study, we analyzed 16 years of data (2005–2020) on the reproductive output of the northern Lesser Black-backed Gull (Larus fuscus fuscus) at Horsvær, the largest assemblage of this subspecies in Norway (up to ca. 400 pairs), in relation to the occurrence of breeding Ravens (Corvus corax). A pair of Ravens were firstly discovered at Horsvær in 2010, and between 2011 and 2016 they were observed with broods (2–5 fledglings) in most years. Between 2017 and 2020, human intervention prevented the Ravens from breeding in the colony. However, in 2020 a pair of Ravens brought their fledglings over from a neighboring island in the middle of the incubation period for the gulls. On average, the nest predation rate was 43% when Ravens had fledglings within the study area. In contrast, only 10% of nests were depredated in years when Ravens did not reproduce successfully or were absent. Moreover, only 0.07 fledglings were on average produced per nest in years when Ravens bred successfully, compared to 0.71 fledglings per nest in years with no Raven reproduction. A high level of nest predation led to a decline in the number of nesting gulls, which was not observed in a neighboring Raven-free colony. Finally, in years with high Raven predation at Horsvær, production of fledglings was still high in yet another nearby Lesser Black-backed Gull colony. The Ravens were established at Horsvær in the absence of people in the spring, and the only option to save these threatened gulls may be to prevent the Ravens from nesting successfully in or near their colonies.

Community Legal Awareness and Customary Sanction to Prevent Littering: How Penglipuran Village in Bali Makes Efforts?”

Penglipuran is a customary village in Bali that traditionally imposes a customary sanction for villagers who litter waste in the territory of the village in the form of holding a prayascita ceremony. This article aims to analyze the existence of prayascita customary sanctions in Penglipuran Village, the efforts to overcome littering in the village territory, and the implications of such sanctions on the legal awareness of the community. This paper combines a religious based-research in social-humanities and empirical juridical research that analyzes data and legal sources in descriptive, qualitative, and systematic methods. This research revealed that prayascita customary sanction is imposed on anyone who is decided guilty for littering in a village meeting, entails that he/she has to hold a prayascita ceremony that takes place in the village’s catus pata (crossroad). The efforts of Penglipuran Village to tackle littering problems are overseeing and maintaining the sanctity, sustainability, cleanliness, and orderliness of the area of ??the village. The programs and facilities that are implemented to control littering practice in this article can be divided into preventive and repressive measures. In terms of legal awareness, the village community has generally obeyed the customary rules. It is proven by the absence of people who have been imposed prayascita customary sanctions. It may be assessed that village members have a high community legal awareness to sort waste and put it in the rubbish bin. Therefore, the sanction to hold a prayascita ceremony has never happened until now. This indicates that a clean living culture has been well internalized by the community.

Implementation Challenges of Community Directed Treatment with Ivermectin Program for Control of Onchocerciasis in Ulanga, Tanzania.

Background:Community drug distributors (CDDs) have a crucial role in distributing ivermectin for onchocerciasis control and prevention. Their roles, experiences and challenges faced in the implementation of community-directed treatment with ivermectin (CDTI) programme could potentially affect coverage, consequently leading to persistent transmission. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the experience and the roles which CDDs plays in implementation of community directed treatment with ivermectin program for onchocerciasis control in Ulanga, Tanzania.Methods:A cross-sectional study design was used to collect qualitative data in 2018 in Ulanga district, Tanzania. Five community drug distributors were purposively selected for in-depth interviews. Thematic framework approach for qualitative data analysis was used to generate codes, categories and themes.Results:Out of the five community drug distributors interviewed, two had experience of 15 to 20 years on implementation of the community directed treatment with ivermectin programme while the remaining community drug distributors had experience of less than 10 years. The main challenges faced by CDDs in the implementation of the CDTI programme include; the geographical location of the hamlets (hard to reach hamlets), long distances between houses, low compliance of community members to medication due to fear of side effects experienced before and mistrust of methods of dose calculation, short time of drug distribution and absence of people from their households as the exercise was conducted when community members were involved in agricultural activities.Conclusions:The challenges faced in the implementation of the CDTI programme could negatively affect the distribution and coverage of ivermectin treatment in the Ulanga district. It's now an opportune time to address the challenges that CDDs are facing in the implementation of the CDTI programme to ensure effective control of onchocerciasis in the district.

The Need for Representative Research on Shared Decision Making.

The Need for Representative Research on Shared Decision Making.

Young women’s site-specific fear of crime within urban public spaces in Seoul

ABSTRACT Many studies revealed that vegetation in parks evokes fear of crime for women in a certain environmental context, and it significantly inhibits the restorative qualities of urban green spaces. A quasi-experimental on-site study was conducted at two privately owned public spaces in a central business district of Seoul, to investigate what aspects of sites trigger women’s fear of crime and why. Female participants visited two contrasting sites (N = 30) – one with dense trees and one with an open lawn – at both day and night and indicated perceived fear intensity on interactive maps with four levels (0–3). In total, 540 overlaid grid cells were encoded using the presence of physical attributes, such as vegetation, street furniture, lighting, security camera, artwork, borders of buildings, and roads. A generalized linear model estimated the effects of the physical attributes to determine whether they were positively or negatively associated with assessed fear intensity. Insufficient lighting and absence of people after working hours at the wooded site induced a large increase in perceived fear intensity from daytime. In geographically mapping fear of crime, participants showed the highest level of fear for violence and sex crimes in the alley enclosed with woods.

The COVID digital home assemblage: Transforming the home into a work space during the crisis

Major changes to home life and work practices globally have been brought about by the COVID-19 crisis. Periods of strict restrictions placed on people’s movements outside their homes, aimed at curbing the spread of the novel coronavirus, have meant that the home was requisitioned as a primary site for work for many people. In this article, we draw on case studies from an ethnographic project that explored how people living in Sydney use digital technologies in the home setting. Our fieldwork commenced in early 2020, just prior to the national COVID lockdown period in Australia, and continued throughout the lockdown and the months following. As a result, we were able to document people’s experiences of transitioning to working from home during the first year of the pandemic. In this article, we adopt a sociomaterial approach together with domestication theory to analyse the complexities of the changed COVID home in the context of digitised working arrangements. We surface and theorise the tensions and leaky boundaries between workplaces and family/domestic life that are brought about by, through and beyond the digital. By addressing the sociomaterial choreographies and modalities of presence involved, we attempt to capture the processes through which the COVID digital home assemblage is continuously configured and the more or less simultaneous presence and absence of people in both domestic and work domains.