Inward currents to glutamate receptor agonists, quisqualate (QA), kainate (KA) and N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) were examined in spinal dorsal horn neurons by whole-cell voltage-clamp techniques after acute dissociation. Neurons were dissociated from the superficial dorsal horn (laminae I/II) of the adult rat (8-16 weeks old) spinal cords by enzymatic and mechanical treatment. The KA-induced current was sustained during KA application, while the QA- and NMDA-induced currents were attenuated. The NMDA response was augmented dose-dependently by addition of glycine (10(-7)-5 X 10(-6) M) and became obscure in the absence of glycine. The NMDA current was depressed by D-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (APV). Analyses of dose-response curves of these inward currents indicate that both the QA and KA currents were competitively blocked by 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (CNQX), while the NMDA current was blocked non-competitively.