Absence Of Dialogue Research Articles

Toleration, Synthesis or Replacement? The ‘Empirical Turn’ and its Consequences for the Science of International Law

AbstractOne of the most striking trends in contemporary international law (IL) scholarship is the turn to empirical research methods. Some see this as sign of progress, whereas others call for caution or even show hostility. With a view to the future of IL scholarship, however, all sides in this at times heated debate seem to have considerable problems keeping a clear focus on the key question: What are the implications of this empirical turn in terms of philosophy of legal science, of the social understanding of IL, and, not least, of the place of doctrinal scholarship after the allegedWende? What is needed, we argue, in order to answer this question is not yet another partisan suggestion, but rather an attempt at making intelligible both the oppositions and the possibilities of synthesis between normative and empirical approaches to law.Based on our assessment and rational reconstruction of current arguments and positions we outline a taxonomy consisting of the following three basic, ideal-types in terms of the epistemological understanding of the interface of law and empirical studies: toleration, synthesis and replacement. This tripartite model proves useful with a view to teasing out and better articulating implications of and interrelations between positions. As such the model: i) provides a framework to better situate arguments about the role of empirical studies in IL; ii) helps identify real epistemological stakes in order to overcome ‘trench wars’ – or worse: absence of dialogue and genuine argument; and iii) thus ultimately contributes to the development of a genuine basic science-of-law.

Extension of the studies, Groping for New issues, Absence of dialogue : Korean Contemporary History Studies in 2014 & 2015

Extension of the studies, Groping for New issues, Absence of dialogue : Korean Contemporary History Studies in 2014 & 2015

Toleration, Synthesis or Replacement? The Empirical Turnn and Its Consequences for the Science of International Law

One of the most striking trends in contemporary IL scholarship is the turn to empirical research methods. Some see this as sign of progress, whereas others call for caution or even show hostility. With a view to the future of IL scholarship, however, all sides in this at times heated debate seem to have considerable problems keeping a clear focus on the key question: What are the implications of this empirical turn in terms of philosophy of legal science, of the social understanding of IL, and, not least, of the place of doctrinal scholarship after the alleged Wende? What is needed, we argue, in order to answer is not yet another partisan suggestion, but rather an attempt at making intelligible both the oppositions and the possibilities of synthesis between normative and empirical approaches to law.Based on our assessment and rational reconstruction of current arguments and positions, we therefore outline a taxonomy consisting of the following three basic, ideal-types in terms of the epistemological understanding of the interface of law and empirical studies: toleration, synthesis and replacement. This tripartite model proves useful with a view to teasing out and better articulating implications of and interrelations between positions. As such, the model i) provides a framework to better situate arguments about the role of empirical studies in IL; ii) helps identify real epistemological stakes in order to overcome ‘trench wars’ – or worse: absence of dialogue and genuine argument; and iii) thus ultimately contributes to the development of a genuine basic science-of-law.

Contextos, metodologías y duplas pedagógicas en el Programa de Educación Intercultural Bilingüe en Chile: una evaluación crítica del estado del debate

Twenty years after the implementation of The Intercultural Bilingual Education Program (IBEP) in Chile, the country still does not have a systematic body of research to address the challenges involved in teaching indigenous languages in schools. In this critical essay, I review a number of sociolinguistic studies about the situation of indigenous languages in Chile, along with studies about the IBEP. I present a critical review of three aspects that are relevant to the teaching of indigenous languages in the IBEP: (a) the contexts in which these programs are implemented, (b) indigenous language teaching methodologies, and (c) teacher and indigenous teacher aids partnerships. I discuss the gaps and inconsistencies in the academic debate, which illustrate the lack of attention to the bilingual component of the program, as well as the absence of dialogue among scholars interested in this type of policy. I argue that the lack of attention to these three aspects has limited understanding of the challenges and opportunities the IBEP presents for the teaching of indigenous languages in schools. I conclude by suggesting possible lines of research.

Um Contraponto Fraco a um Modelo Forte: o Supremo Tribunal Federal, a última palavra e o diálogo

The present article aims to critically analyze the characteristics of the Brazilian model of judicial review, questioning the alleged protagonism of the Supreme Court and proposing a institutional dialogue between Powers in the interpretation of the Constitution. Apart from the introduction and conclusion, its structure consists of three topics. First, it will be rescued the concentration of powers promoted by the Federal Constitution of 1988 and subsequent laws on the Court, whose performance will be criticized on the second topic. In the third, it will be discussed the proposition of the dialogue and, ultimately, conclusions will be drawn, noting the perverse effect of the absence of dialogue between the Judicial and Legislative branches.

Disposiciones, trayectorias e imaginarios sociales de Estado y ciudadanía en el proceso de reintegración de guerrilleros y paramilitares en Colombia

<p>A través de entrevistas estructuradas y semiestructuradas e información del proceso psicosocial, muestro, desde la perspectiva teórica de Pierre Bourdieu y su tríada habitus,<br />campo social y capital, así como a partir del concepto de imaginario social de Castoriadis, que el proceso de reintegración en Colombia no toma en cuenta las condiciones históricas<br />de los excombatientes y limita el proceso de reinserción a la sociedad a un intercambio de beneficios para ambos actores. En ese sentido, dicho proceso no considera los procesos<br />de interiorización de prácticas, creencias y disposiciones que permiten que los excombatientes entren al campo de la reinserción y desarrollen un habitus basado en el cambio del<br />imaginario negativo de lo que significa ser ciudadano y del papel del Estado. Para ello, caracterizo el ser guerrillero y paramilitar en diferentes campos y momentos: antes de la<br />guerra, con el relato del contexto familiar, social, político y económico en donde se desenvolvieron los sujetos, que creó disposiciones para la vinculación a los grupos armados;<br />durante la guerra, con el proceso de adoctrinamiento y entrenamiento específico desarrollado por los individuos en cada uno de los grupos armados; y, finalmente, en la civilidad,<br />momento en el que se describen la reintegración y las dificultades en la interiorización del perfil reintegrado que busca lograr el Estado. En cada campo estudiado se analizan las<br />disposiciones, habitus y capitales en juego de los sujetos de cada uno de los grupos. Al final señalo que el sujeto ha construido, a lo largo de su trayectoria, imaginarios sociales<br />de Estado y ciudadanía que afectan la relación actual que debe establecer con el Estado. Así mismo, describo la manera en que instituciones y agentes en el campo de la reintegración<br />se encuentran en posiciones contrarias, basadas en la ausencia de un diálogo sobre los imaginarios construidos sobre el otro.</p>

Misunderstanding the Other and Shy Signs of Openness: Discourse on the 1992-1995 War in the Current Bosniak and Bosnian Serb Media

The article deals with how the 1990s civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was represented in the media that currently remain influential among Bosniaks and Bosnian Serbs. Critical discourse analysis is used both as a theoretical approach to discourse and as a methodological tool for its study. In the analysis, the civil war discourse in Bosniak and Bosnian Serb media is represented by two daily newspapers on each side. The analysis reveals mutually incompatible representations of the causes and nature of the war, the prevailing absence of dialogue, and the unwillingness of each side to consider the other side’s war victims. Looking at more specific topics, a number of discourses are identified on both sides, among which some present the potential for dialogue with alternative representations. The discourses are interpreted through Bosniak and Bosnian Serb nationalist ideologies. The findings might support further research on the relation between the media and nationalism and on the ongoing Bosnian political dispute concerning the desired nature of the state.

User involvement as sharing knowledge - an extended perspective in patient education.

BackgroundPatient education is undergoing a paradigm shift in which the perspectives of patients are increasingly being incorporated into learning programs. Access to the users’ experience is now considered a prerequisite for the development of quality health services, but how this user experience is incorporated is somewhat unclear. The inclusion of experiential knowledge and user involvement can challenge professional authority, roles, and working methods because knowledge sharing is different from persuasion, professional explanation, and consent. Dialogue and collaboration between professionals and users are essential to effective user involvement; however, little is understood about the characteristics of their collaboration.ObjectiveTo describe characteristics of the collaboration between users and health professionals in developing, implementing, and evaluating patient education courses in hospitals.Design, setting, and methodsA field study was conducted in three different hospitals. Data collection comprised open observations in meetings of 17 different collaboration groups with a total of 100 participants, and 24 interviews with users and professionals. The data analyses included both thematic and the Systematic Data Integration approach.ResultsTwo contrasting types of collaboration emerged from the analyses; knowledge sharing and information exchange. The first was characterized by mutual knowledge sharing, involvement, and reciprocal decision making. Characteristics of the second were the absence of dialogue, meagre exploration of the users’ knowledge, and decisions usually made by the professionals.ConclusionCollaboration between users and health personnel takes place in an asymmetric relationship. Mutual knowledge sharing was found to be more than the exchange of information and consultation and also to be a prerequisite for shared decision making. In developing patient education when users are involved the health professionals have the power and responsibility to ensure that knowledge sharing with users takes place.

The Background of Ethnic Conflicts in the European Union based on the example of Great Britain, Spain and France

The article concerns the issue of ethnic conflicts in the selected countries of the European Union. The origin of the conflicts is explained by conflicts among different groups pursuing various interests. Cultural and religious identity, the idea of being socially recognized, freedom from discrimination, freedom of religion often have a further negative impact on conflicting relationships. The absence of dialogue between actors of the conflicts brings about the ongoing increase of different acts of violence. The Great Britain, Spain and France are the examples of the multicultural countries with multi-faceted origin of ethnic conflicts. Searching for the roots of the ethnic conflicts reference should be made to interethnic relationships with their beginning in distant historical epochs. It will enable understand, among others, the Irish’s reluctance to the British or the front pages news.

Internal Cohesion and External Separation

A 1962 ASLIB Symposium titled "Classification: an Interdisciplinary Problem," led to the foundation of a new society intended to "promote co-operation and interchange of views between those interested in the principles and practice of classification in a wide range of disciplines." A great deal of valuable classification research has been conducted during the 50 years since that symposium, but in 2012 classification research communities are isolated from each other, despite the interdisciplinary connections that were recognized in 1962. In the absence of dialogue across different research traditions, we miss opportunities for progress on some foundational research questions.

Islams

The article explores the tradition of dialogue in Islam and Islamic history and its importance in facilitating an inter-faith and cross-cultural dialogue with the West across the binary that has been increasingly strengthened since 2001. The rise in religious extremism and hegemony is an indicator of not only a crisis in religious authority, but also an absence of dialogue, the very dialogue that had shaped and conceptualized Islam and its tradition and is an inherent part of it. I examine the way The Amman Message and A Common Word between Us and You bring back the role of dialogue and consensus in reconstructing Islam and how this has contributed to the dialogue at the international level. I also examine the role enlightenment thinking has played in promoting religious dialogue at both the internal and external levels, with the text, with traditional scholars, and with non-Muslim scholars and the non-Muslim public.

Les Elections de 2010 au Burundi: Quel Avenir Pour la Democratie et la Paix ?

Political pluralism and well-functioning political parties are crucial to sustaining democracy. In a democracy elections allow for open political competition in order to win votes. Thus elections are a necessary but not sufficient condition to consolidate democracy. The 2010 elections in Burundi showed that elections, although crucial to the estbalishment of democracy and peace, are not a guarantee in themselves that this goal will be attained. Rather than being a step towards more democracy and peace Burundi's last elections gave an overwhelming majority to one party, the CNDD-FDD, and marginalised the opposition because of its decision to boycott the process as a way of protesting against the results. With one party dominating all institutions and with an authoritarian response to opposition parties who, in the absence of dialogue, are increasingly considering the option of using guns to voice their concerns, democracy and peace are at risk. This article analyses the causes and consequences of Burundi's 2010 elections in terms of political environment and behaviour and against the background of the country's recent electoral history.

Trabalho Prescrito, Real e Estratégias de Mediação do Sofrimento de Jornalistas de um Órgão Público

This study aims to verify the impact of the discrepancy between prescript and real work on strategies of mediation front the journalists suffering. The participants are journalists public service. The theoretical reference is the Psicodinamics of Work. The actual models of work organizations tend to increase the distance of prescript and real work. The research uses qualitative method. The data collection of prescript work was documental research; and the one concerning real work consisted on six individual interviews with semi- structured script. All interviews were analyzed according to the norms of Analise de Nucleo de Sentido technique. The results show discrepancy between the prescriptions and between prescriptions and real work. This is characterized as a flexible work organization, good remuneration, high professional qualification of the professionals, identification with journalists profession, job stability and enough idle time, contrary the pressure for production and the speedy rhythm of theoretical framework. It was shown the existence of a serious picture of cultural alienation, poor leadership, precarious working conditions, and feelings of professional frustration, lack and helplessness with the institution by the absence of dialogue on the work with the hierarchy. Concludes that there is an impoverishment of the meaning of work by the structure of public service.

Pedagogia da Libertação: o caso do ensino médico

A redemocratização brasileira vem promovendo mudanças na educação e nas práticas médicas, que ainda se encontram aquém da realidade e das necessidades nacionais. As escolas médicas não conseguem desenvolver um novo modelo que permita superar esse estágio de insatisfação da sociedade e de seus alunos. A violência escolar perpetrada por suas práticas pedagógicas e educacionais não permite o desenvolvimento de um ambiente satisfatório ao processo ensino-aprendizagem: burocracia, excesso de regulamentações, ausência de diálogo e de instâncias participativas, imposição de conteúdos e disciplinas, arquitetura (muros, grades, catracas e sirenes) tornam professores e alunos reféns do discurso da ordem e da produtividade. Não é mais possível admitir e permitir que o cotidiano da escola opere completamente à revelia dos anseios de seus atores constitutivos. A escola, por meio de seus gestores, precisa trabalhar no fortalecimento da sua capacidade de transformação, de autocrítica e aperfeiçoamento, assim como espera de seus estudantes. Não há democracia sem emancipação, sem uma formação que permita aos sujeitos uma atuação crítica, política e ética.

Healthcare for women in process of induced abortion: statements of nursing professionals

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the statements of nursing professionals regarding healthcare provided to women in process of induced abortion. METHODS: Case study with qualitative approach, performed at a public maternity hospital in Salvador BA; data were obtained with the focus group technique, using content analysis. RESULTS: The nursing team professionals perceive abortion as a crime, a sin, and healthcare as discriminatory. The woman's right to speech is denied, with silence being observed along the abortion process. CONCLUSION: The absence of dialogue at the healthcare services makes the possibility of humanized care delivery more distant, turning the implantation of healthcare humanization policies for women in the process of induced abortion a challenge.

Meetings Across the Paradigmatic Divide

The problematique addressed by the article is the growth of a dominant discourse in early childhood education and care, which has a strong effect on policy and practice, paralleled by an increasing number of other discourses which problematise most of the values, assumptions and understandings of the former. Yet there is very little engagement between these discourses, in large part because they are situated within different paradigms—modernity in the former case, postfoundationalism in the latter. The author argues that the absence of dialogue and debate impoverishes early childhood and weakens democratic practice. The article considers whether and in what conditions the concept of agonistic pluralism might provide a framework for political engagement among at least some on either side of the paradigmatic divide, and takes evaluation as one example of a subject for an agonistic politics of early childhood.

Le syndrome d’épuisement professionnel du soignant

SLAVES TO THEIR WORK: The Anglo-Saxons were the first to evoke the "burn out syndrome" although the Canadians prefer to use "burning" in order to emphasize these situations in which the person is as it were literally "consumed by his/her work". The burn-out syndrome more specifically involves all those who have chosen to devote their lives to others. This is the case notably with health care workers because they are in direct contact with suffering, poverty, hardship, disease and death. THE ENHANCING FACTORS: There is no particular pre-morbid personality. Nevertheless, various factors can be at the origin of a burn out syndrome: subconscious motivations in the choice of the profession, capacity to adapt to hardship at work, excessive idealization of the profession, lack of recognition and the absence of any possibility of promotion. INSTALLATION IN 4 STAGES: The onset of an occupational burn out syndrome is usually insidious. Schematically, the first stage is idealistic enthusiasm. Then a helpless stagnation period follows with progressive disinterest, followed by a phase of frustration, before the onset of an apathetic disenchantment with search for a form of security. VARIOUS POINTS IN COMMON WITH DEPRESSION: A range of effects exist: sleep and digestive disorders, reduced performance, progressive feeling of exhaustion with impact on friends and relatives, irritability towards others, absence of dialogue, and a feeling of "emptiness". THREE ELEMENTS TO THERAPEUTIC POSSIBILITIES: The first consists in improving work conditions by changing the environment; the second consists in improving communications and enhancing the end to isolation and the third consists in changing the employee's private life. Such as reorganizing the person's life so that they can disconnect and develop other interest than through their work.

Reading Bisexualities from a South African Perspective

This article explores the absence of dialogue about bisexuality in South Africa and in the African continent. While South Africa's new Constitution explicitly vouchsafes protection on the grounds of “sexual orientation,” leaders in a number of other African countries have called homosexuality un-African. I discuss the lack of a bisexual discourse in South Africa, and the prejudices and hostility directed towards bisexuals by lesbians and gays. I also examine a recent text, Boy-wives and female husbands: Studies of African homosexualities, edited by Stephen O. Murray and Will Roscoe, which debunks the myth that same-sex behavior is alien to Africa. There, bisexuality is treated dismissively despite the fact that those who have same-sex relations are frequently heterosexually married. I discuss the text as a feminist literary critic, commenting on the “techniques of neutralization” it employs. I argue that a sensitive definition of bisexuality would disrupt the impasse of binary categories while it would provide an appropriate framework to analyze sexualities in Africa and to better explore the experience of black women.

“Dialogue” In a “Real World”

Can dialogue make real impact on the state of affairs in the real world, or is it a pastime of the polite societies or a lullaby useful for sending gullible grown-ups into sleep? In the present paper, following a two-tier analysis of the notion of dialogue, as shared exploration towards greater understanding, connection, or possibility, and as a product of our intentionality, I shall develop a bifurcated argument. Against the cynic pundits, who preach that realpolitik and not dialogue is the name of the game in our daily interactions with each other, I shall argue that in an increasingly pluralistic world, dialogue is a powerful and indispensable means for making desirable changes. Similarly, against the over-enthusiastic optimists who believe that dialogue provides us with a magical wand, I shall argue that dialogue is as good as we can make it: dialogue cannot work miracles in a vacuum of collective will. The upshot of my argument is that firstly, dialogue is an indicator of the rationality and maturity of the social actors: the more rational the social actors the more ubiquitous and effective the dialogue and vice versa. And secondly, although, dialogue itself may lead to frustration or even violence, it is the absence of dialogue that poses the greatest danger for the future of mankind.

Fighting for Defeat": Jewish Identity in Postwar Germany and Austria

alte Krieg hat die Brucken zwischen uns gesprengt, und wir hocken auf den Pfeilern, die in unsere Hauser ragen (Kluger 110). This is Ruth Kluger's metaphor for present state of communication between Jewish and non-Jewish Germans and Austrians. It describes dialogue between German-speaking Jews and gentile Germans and Austrians of her own generation, that is, those who lived through German fascism, and of postwar generation. She calls it the old to indicate that fifty years after its end it remains dominant factor in this dialogue. The ruins war left have not been integrated into what has been built since. Rather, new structures have been superimposed over rugged landscape of a dialogue destroyed by war. Like indestructible concrete and steel reminders in many German cities, these pillars that once served to connect now tear apart. What is worse, Kluger's metaphor suggests both absence of dialogue and effects of this absence: silence, resentment simmering beneath surface, and worst of all, ignorance about what is happening on other side of destroyed bridge – quite opposite of what Kluger and other Jewish writers would like to see. Werdet streitsuchtig, sucht die Auseinandersetzung.[...] Lasst euch doch mindestens reizen, verschanzt euch nicht (30) is what Kluger would like to see in place of that silence and as reaction of gentile Germans and Austrians to her book. In 1995 Rafael Seligmann similarly demanded in Der Spiegel (66): Die deutsch-judischen Verkrustungen mussen mit dem Hammer des Streits zertrummert werden. It might seem impossible to treat relationship of Jews and gentiles in both East and West Germany and Austria in one essay. However, a pattern will emerge from sources cited here: dialogue between gentiles and Jews is shaped not so much by different historical development in each of two countries, but rather by shared National-Socialist past. In this regard, problem still presents itself in geographical context of period that created it: grosdeutsch. Uncertainty and issues left unresolved by war influence