Absence Of Connection Research Articles

The absence of connectives and the maintenance of coherence in publicity texts

This paper sets out to explore the distinctive features of publicity messages with respect to other kinds of texts. Since the aim of advertising is to point the consumers’ ideas in a certain direction, the communicative intention becomes generally constrained by persuasion strategies, such as are studied in pragmatics. Publicity discourse seems to have some specific features which distinguish it from other genres. As regards coherence strategies, previous studies have shown that scientific and technical texts make great use of connectives in order to predict and signal the type of discourse relations and the relation between adjacent elements or sentences. An examination of technical advertisements taken from specialized journals reveals a relatively low number of connectives. In contrast, coherence is maintained with the aid of lexical and semantic resources. Additionally, what we refer to as ‘micromarkers’ help pinpoint relations. Although these micromarkers have little lexical or semantic content, they are a necessary tool for tying together the concepts they refer to. It turns out that the absence of auxiliary vocabulary, such as connectives, may be an advantage when storing information in the mental reservoir.

Atrésie tricuspide. Intervention de Fontan et dérivations cavopulmonaires

Tricuspid atresia is a cyanotic congenital cardiac anomaly defined by the absence of connection between the right atrium and the ventricle. Symptoms depend on ventriculo-arterial connection (normal or transposition) and on the presence of a pulmonary artery stenosis. Diagnosis is based on echocardiography. During many years, surgery was limited to the Fontan procedure. Tricuspid atresia could be considered as a variation of a common ventricle. Subsequently cavopulmonary connections, total or partial, are at the present time more likely used. However late complications are frequent and serious.

Electronic structure and magnetism of Mn-doped GaN

Mn doped semiconductors are extremely interesting systems due to their novel magnetic properties suitable for the spintronics applications. It has been shown recently by both theory and experiment that Mn doped GaN systems have a very high Curie temperature compared to that of Mn doped GaAs systems. To understand the electronic and magnetic properties, we have studied Mn doped GaN system in detail by a first principles plane wave method. We show here the effect of varying Mn concentration on the electronic and magnetic properties. For dilute Mn concentration, $d$ states of Mn form an impurity band completely separated from the valence band states of the host GaN. This is in contrast to the Mn doped GaAs system where Mn $d$ states in the gap lie very close to the valence band edge and hybridizes strongly with the delocalized valence band states. To study the effects of electron correlation, LSDA+U calculations have been performed. Calculated exchange interaction in (Mn,Ga)N is short ranged in contrary to that in (Mn,Ga)As where the strength of the ferromagnetic coupling between Mn spins is not decreased substantially for large Mn-Mn separation. Also, the exchange interactions are anisotropic in different crystallographic directions due to the presence or absence of connectivity between Mn atoms through As bonds.

Identification of the Topology of a Power System Network

This paper is devoted to the important practical problem of identifying the topology inside a suspect pocket of a power system network. Because the vector of the parameters to be estimated includes Boolean variables indicating the existence or absence of connection as well as real variables, this is a hybrid problem. It is solved here in a guaranteed way by ressorting to interval analysis and the notion of constraint propagation. The methodology is illustrated on the IEEE 14-bus network.

Responding to the call for change: the new college of science teacher preparation program at the university of Arizona.

The reports of several national commissions, like the National Commission on Teaching and America's Future (NCTAF, 1996 ) and the National Commission on Mathematics and Science Teaching for the 21st Century (NCMST, 2000 ), have urged higher education institutions to reevaluate traditional practices in teacher education and transform or develop new teacher preparation programs to remedy the major problems identified in these reports. Among these issues are the following: Lack of coherence within the teacher preparation programs, fostered by the paucity of communication among subject-matter faculty, education faculty, and experienced teachers in the secondary-school setting; Absence of connection and congruence between educational theory that is advocated (e.g., teaching for understanding) and the teaching that is practiced in the subject matter and pedagogy courses and in the majority of secondary science classrooms; Deficient subject matter preparation of teachers; and Inadequate and unfocused nature of school-based experiences for prospective teachers. Recent calls for reform of the traditional practices in teacher education have also stressed the need for subject-area colleges to become more accountable for the quality and the quantity of our nation's teaching workforce (Riley, 1998 ; National Research Council [NRC], 1999 , 2000 ). In this regard, the University of Arizona has a tradition of subject-area colleges taking primary roles in secondary-level teacher preparation. The College of Fine Arts and the College of Agriculture and Life Sciences have well-established programs for undergraduate teacher preparation, run by faculty members with appointments in their respective colleges rather than the College of Education (CoE). In the fall of 1999, the University of Arizona took a decisive step to continue its redistribution of responsibility for secondary-level teacher preparation by developing a science teacher preparation program housed entirely in the College of Science (CoS). The new CoS Teacher Preparation Program (TPP) was specifically developed and implemented to recruit and prepare undergraduate science majors to become secondary-level science teachers. The remaining sections of this essay describe 1) the development and evolution of the new CoS-based program, 2) describe the design of the program in response to the reform issues highlighted in the Introduction, and 3) comment on resources and academic issues related to the new program.

Effects of noise on recurrence in networks of spiking neurons

We use mathematical analysis and numerical simulations to study the effects of recurrent synaptic connections in neural networks. These recurrent effects can be analyzed by expanding a spike probability function about the membrane potential in the absence of connections. This expansion can be written as a series of loops representing the recurrent signal transmission. Conditions for convergence of the series reveal the number of loops that are significant for the system's dynamics. This method is applied to a pair of mutually coupled spiking neurons to show how the membrane potential and cross-correlation function is changed by recurrence.

CONNECTION AND CATASTROPHE, HOPE AND DESPAIR IN OUR BORDERLINE WORLD

ABSTRACT Despair is the absence of connections or the severance of connections and the consequent sense of emptiness and impotence. Hope is about connecting, relating, being part of a healthy matrix and the consequent sense of agency that can come from this.This talk explores the particular quality of disconnectedness in our more disturbed patients where hope and despair move in cycles without any sense of a functioning centre that can keep hold of the pieces and understand how they fit together. Parallels are drawn between our patients' internal worlds and the external world in which we are located and work.Developing a sense of personal agency within a meaningful social matrix in a therapeutic community is contrasted to the state where the organization is always on the edge of unpredictable catastrophe and patients remain in a condition of despairing helplessness.

The Early Messinian Velona basin (Siena, central Italy): paleoenvironmental and paleobiogeographical reconstructions

A multi-disciplinary study of the basal lacustrine succession of the Velona basin (Tuscany, central Italy) provides informations about the paleoenvironmental and paleogeographical evolution of a post-collisional basin located in the Mediterranean area. Detailed sedimentological, paleontological (molluscs, ostracods, mammals, charophytes and pollen) and geochemical analyses on biogenic carbonates were carried out on a 66-m-thick muddy–sandy succession. Integrating the vertical distribution of selected species of ostracods and molluscs with the range of the mammal assemblage it has been possible to correlate the basal succession of the Velona basin to the Early Messinian (pre-evaporitic) corresponding to the lower part of the MN 13 zone. The basal portion of the Velona filling deposits corresponds to an unstable shallow lacustrine/marshy environment, rich in aquatic vegetation, surrounded by swamps dominated by Taxodiaceae and uplands dominated by warm temperate deciduous forests. Waters were generally brackish (oligo/mesohaline), alternating with hypohaline episodes. Salinity changes recorded by the faunal assemblages do not parallel with changes in the geochemical signatures in ostracod shells and charophyte gyrogonites. Geochemistry of biogenic carbonates points to an athalassic origin of the water salinity probably linked to the dissolution of the Triassic evaporites of the basement. Thus, the absence of connections between the Velona basin and the Mediterranean Sea during Early Messinian is confirmed. Ostracods, molluscs and mammals show a central European paleobiogeographical affinity, showing that, at the time of deposition of the Velona filling deposit, the endemic Tusco-Sardinian paleobioprovince was already disrupted and the northwards connections were noticeable. On the other hand, ostracods do not show any paleobiogeographic affinity with the ostracod assemblages of the Paratethyan realm, suggesting that no links between Mediterranean and Paratethys were present at that time.

School-based health centers in the context of education reform.

The rapid proliferation of school-based health centers is taking place at the same time that school systems are seeking to improve their educational practices. Many different school reform models are being promulgated with modest success. Absence of connections between school reorganization and the provision of human services may lead to failure. The emerging community school model integrates quality education with effective health, mental health, and social services in "one stop" school centers that become student, parent, and community hubs.

Space Occupation by the Polychaetous Annelid Perinereis Cultrifera: Influence of Substratum Heterogeneity and Intraspecific Interactions on Burrow Structure

Spatial analysis, laboratory experiments and field observations in the intertidal zone of La Ranee Estuary (northern coast of Brittany, France) of the infaunal polychaete Perinereis cultrifera indicate that the distribution and the abundance of this species appear to be related to the availability of cobbles. Individuals build U-shaped galleries with a surface gutter network protected by a cobble which acts as a roof. The study of spatio-temporal evolution of P. cultrifera burrows showed experimentally that density is important in space-sharing modalities within the sediment. Effects of increased density lead to modifications in the shape and size of the burrows. The absence of connections between burrows, as observed in ‘sandwich aquaria’ and in resin casts, suggest that the gallery is defended against intruders. The study of the distance between individuals in the laboratory did not reveal a regular distribution pattern. These results probably mean that the area around the burrow opening is not defended and, therefore, does not constitute a territory. Perinereis cultrifera is probably competing for burrow space while food may be shared. Territoriality is certainly the main factor involved in the organization and the spatial arrangements of individuals within a population.

Simplified Approach to Evaluate Creep and Shrinkage Effects in Steel-Concrete Composite Beams

A simplified approach to evaluate creep and shrinkage effects in a steel-concrete composite beam with rigid or deformable connections, based on the age-adjusted effective modulus method, is presented. An aging coefficient, χ, evaluated in the absence of connection is adopted and exactly characterized by a theoretical point of view. Simplified expressions to evaluate χ and an easy to use, closed-form solution in the hypothesis of rigid connections and uncracked concrete are proposed. Numerical comparisons show how the proposed approach provides accurate results independently of the connection stiffness and load condition, and how it can substitute appropriately the more popular effective modulus method.

Scintigraphy in Assessment of the Feasibility of Separation of a Set of Xipho-Omphalopagous Conjoined Twins

An account is given of the assessment of a set of xipho-omphalopagous twins by means of Tc-99m microcolloid human serum albumin (HSA) and Tc-99m HIDA scintigraphy before their successful separation. The Tc-99m HSA examination showed the absence of connections between the two hearts and major vessels, as well as the independent vascularization of each liver parenchyma and absence of substantial intrahepatic shunts. Tc-99m HIDA disclosed bile secretion and the existence of intrahepatic ducts in both twins. In one, there was excretion into the intestine and the gallbladder and common bile duct were visualized, whereas in the other excretion was slow, either because of duct hypoplasia or as a result of the connections with the other twin. On separation, it was found that the liver parenchyma was composed of two fused parts (the livers of each twin). In one twin, cholangiography showed the gallbladder and intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts with normal excretion into the intestine and excellent drainage, whereas in the other twin the gallbladder was absent, the common bile duct was hypoplastic, and excretion was poor. The two scintigraphic techniques employed provided evidence of bile duct function and enabled the separation to be planned, while intraoperative cholangiography gave a clear picture of the anatomical details before the reconstruction procedure.

Abelard,ens and unity

Although Abelard arrived at a view ofens nearer to Aristotle's than his sources would suggest, unlike thirteenth-century thinkers he did not work out a view of transcendentals in terms ofens, its attributes and their convertibility. He did, however, regard unity (though not goodness or truth) as an attribute of every thing. At first, Abelard suggested that unity, being inseparable, could not be an accident according to Porphyry's definition (‘that which can come and leave a subject without the subject being corrupted’): either it is some type of form not classified by Porphyry, or not a form at all. In his later logical work, Abelard argued differently. Unity, he said, is an accidental form, but Porphyry's definition of an accident must be understood ‘negatively’, not as asserting something about what could happen in reality (since the form of unity could never leave its subject) but rather something about an absence of connection: were it,per impossible, to occur, the loss by a subject of its form of unity would not lead to the loss of its specific or generic status.

Development of coordinated movement in chicks: II. Temporal analysis of hindlimb muscle synergies at embryonic day 10 in embryos with spinal gap transections.

Spinal neural circuits can recruit muscles to produce organized patterns of activity early in embryonic development. In a previous study, using multichannel electromyographic (EMG) recordings, we characterized burst parameters for these patterns in the legs of chick embryos during spontaneous motility in ovo at embryonic days (E) 9 and E10 (Bradley and Bekoff, 1990). Results of the study suggested both neural and biomechanical factors play an important role in the development of coordinated limb movements. In this study, to explore the contribution of descending neural inputs to the control of leg movements during motility, we applied similar methods to characterize motor patterns produced by the spinal cord in the absence of descending inputs. Thoracic spinal gap transections were performed at E2 and EMG patterns were recorded at E10. Several EMG features for chronic spinal embryos were similar to those for normal embryos and demonstrate that lumbar spinal circuits can be correctly assembled to control limb movements in the absence of connectivity with more rostral neural structures during early differentiation processes. However, certain aspects of the EMG patterns in chronic spinal embryos were different from patterns in normal embryos and provide support for conclusions drawn earlier by Oppenheim (1975). Specifically, our data support the view that propriospinal and/or supraspinal inputs function to regulate the timing of cyclic limb movements controlled by spinal neural circuits. Finally, we consider the possible long-term effects of chronic spinal gap transections as compared to acute spinal transections on the development of motility.

Évolution spatio-temporelle du réseau de galeries chez le polychète Nereis virens (Sars) en relation avec la densité

In burrowing species, burrowing behaviour sometimes gives rise to the establishment of a territory. The spatio–temporal evolution of tunnels in the Polychaete Nereis virens (Sars) allowed us to study space allocation between individuals under two conditions of population density. During the first 3 days, a behaviour of exploration–construction within the substrate is observed. At that point, the tunnel has many branches and is a complex system of ramifications. On the 7th day, the system is simplified. The fluctuations of the various structural parameters of the burrow indicate alternating phases of activity in the animal. The shape and size of the burrow are density dependent. When the density is low, the burrow is U-shaped, whereas it is I-, L-, or Y-shaped at high density. The structure of the burrows, as observed in resin casts in the laboratory, and the absence of connections between the burrows indicate the onset of a territorial behaviour within the sediment right at the beginning of construction.[Journal translation]

Centrifugal pathways to the retina: Influence of the optic tectum

Two types of centrifugal pathways to the retina have been found in the vertebrates, according to the location of the cell bodies and presence or absence of connections with the optic tectum. One type is represented by the isthmo-optic nucleus (ION) of birds and, therefore, termed "ION-type" retinopetal system. The other type is termed "non-ION-type" retinopetal system. The ION-type retinopetal systems have been found in the cyclostomes, teleosts, reptiles, and birds. This review describes the anatomy and physiology of the ION-type retinopetal systems, mainly of birds and teleosts. On the basis of anatomical and physiological evidence cited in this review, the ION-type retinopetal systems can be regarded as the tectofugal pathways to the retina. The function of the ION-type retinopetal systems is discussed in detail, with special emphasis on their relation to the role of the tectum in mediating visuomotor behavior.

Olfactory neuroepithelium transplanted onto the parietal cortex of rats: electroolfactogram in absence of connections with the host brain.

A technique, allowing continuous electrophysiological monitoring of the functional properties of transplanted olfactory neuroepithelium is described. Viability of isolated parts of nasal mucosa obtained from adult rats was tested in vitro. Pieces of olfactory neuroepithelium (2 X 2 mm) were transplanted onto the exposed parietal cortex of adult rats and protected by plastic wells covered with a transparent lid. At one-week intervals the lid was removed and the transplanted epithelium was tested for electrical responses to amyl acetate vapours. Reliable electroolfactograms appeared 3 weeks after transplantation and could be elicited in 60% of transplants (n = 15) during the subsequent 6 weeks but disappeared later. Morphological control at the conclusion of the experiment showed that the transplant consisted of pieces of epithelium forming vesicular or semivesicular structures but not containing olfactory sensory neurons and not connected with the host brain. It is concluded that the method allows recording responses of the transplanted neuroepithelium to olfactory stimuli but does not yield a sufficiently stable preparation for establishing ectopic olfactory input to the brain.

The physiology of wandering behaviour in Manduca sexta. III. Organization of wandering behaviour in the larval nervous system.

The locomotor patterns typical of wandering behaviour were studied electromyographically in abdominal segments of freely moving larvae of Manduca sexta. Crawling locomotion consisted of stereotyped, anteriorly-directed, peristaltic waves of intersegmental muscle contraction. During burrowing the intersegmental muscles of all abdominal segments contracted simultaneously for several consecutive cycles and then performed a single bout of the crawling pattern. Sensory inputs determined which motor patterns were used and how they were modified. Local sensory inputs could modify patterns in the specific segments affected. The neural circuitry that was required to generate the peristaltic and bracing patterns was repeated among the thoracic and abdominal ganglia, and normally wa activated by the suboesophageal ganglion (SEG) and brain. In the absence of connections with the SEG and brain the segmental motor pattern generators could be activated by strong sensory stimuli. When the thoracic and abdominal segments lacked connections with the SEG, spontaneous movements were infrequent prior to wandering, but increased markedly at wandering or following 20-hydroxyecdysone (20-HE) infusion. Prior to wandering the SEG drives spontaneous locomotion in debrained larvae, but this function disappears in wandering larvae, or following 20-HE infusion. Prior to wandering the brain exerted a net inhibitory influence on locomotion. Removal of the medial region of the brain abolished this inhibition, resulting in strong, continuous locomotion which was driven by the lateral region of the brain. This lateral excitatory function of the brain was not altered by 20-HE infusion prior to wandering, nor did it change with the appearance of wandering behaviour. We conclude that the locomotor patterns used during wandering are produced by pattern generators in the segmental ganglia and are modified by sensory information. The circuitry responsible for activating these motor pattern generators is associated with the SEG, and is under the control of the brain. The brain exerts a net inhibitory influence prior to wandering, which becomes excitatory during wandering. Ecdysteroids appear to alter locomotor function by acting at various levels including the segmental ganglia, the SEG and the brain. A model is advanced describing this effect.

The general employee scheduling problem. An integration of MS and AI

The general employee scheduling problem extends the standard shift scheduling problem by discarding key limitations such as employee homogeneity and the absence of connections across time period blocks. The resulting increased generality yields a scheduling model that applies to real world problems confronted in a wide variety of areas. The price of the increased generality is a marked increase in size and complexity over related models reported in the literature. The integer programming formulation for the general employee scheduling problem, arising in typical real world settings, contains from one million to over four million zero-one variables. By contrast, studies of special cases reported over the past decade have focused on problems involving between 100 and 500 variables. We characterize the relationship between the general employee scheduling problem and related problems, reporting computational results for a procedure that solves these more complex problems within 98–99% optimality and runs on a microcomputer. We view our approach as an integration of management science and artificial intelligence techniques. The benefits of such an integration are suggested by the fact that other zero-one scheduling implementations reported in the literature, including the one awarded the Lancaster Prize in 1984, have obtained comparable approximations of optimality only for problems from two to three orders of magnitude smaller, and then only by the use of large mainframe computers.

Spermatozoal Ultrastructure: Evolution and Congruence with a Holomorphological Phylogeny of the Oligochaeta (Annelida)

Plesiomorph characters for the oligochaete spermatozoon are proposed. The chief trends from these plesiomorphies have been elongation of the acrosome and its tube; withdrawal of the primary acrosome vesicle and the axial rod into the acrosome tube and development of a capitulum; development of connectives from the secondary tube to the axial rod (though there is some possibility that the reverse, absence of connectives, is plesiomorph); detorting and shortening of the midpiece (or possibly, again, the reverse) with an increase in numbers of mitochrondria from the plesiomorph four to eight; modification of the base of the tube to form a hen of variable form; and, in one line (lumbricids) flattening of the tip of the nucleus and correspondingly of the limen. Sperm ultrastructure, examined for 9 oligochaete families, corresponds well with taxonomic and phylogenetic groupings recently recognized by the author. However, convergent similarity of the phreodrilid sperm to that of the Lumbricina suggests a corresponding alteration of fertilization biology in the phreodrilids. The results indicate that the Haplotaxidae lie at the base of the opisthopores, though they do not unequivocally contraindicate acceptance of a Haplotaxis‐like form as a stem form of the Haplotaxida (opisthopores and Haplotaxidae) and Tubificida. An even more basal position for prosopores, now represented by the Lumbriculida, cannot yet be dismissed.