Absence Of Benzene Research Articles

Anodic oxidation of diphenylsulphoxide in aprotic solvent

The electrochemical oxidation of diphenylsulphoxide at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile solvent has been studied using cyclic voltammetry and controlled-potential electrolysis. The cation radical initially formed in the anodic reaction attacks the depolarizer Ph2SO to produce diphenylsulphone. When Ph2SO is oxidized in the presence of benzene, triphenylsulphonium cations together with Ph2SO2 are obtained in the decay of an intermediate cation radical, while, in the absence of benzene, this decay involves acetonitrile molecules.

Gas-Phase Radiolysis of n-Pentane. A Study of the Decompositions of the Parent Ion and Neutral Excited Pentane Molecule

The direct and inert-gas-sensitized radiolyses of equimolar n-C5H12–C5D12–NO mixtures have been investigated in the absence and presence of an applied electrical field. It is shown that the partially deuterium-labeled products remain essentially unchanged upon the application of an electrical field, while the yields of the fully deuterated and nondeuterated species increase indicating that the former entirely originate from ionic processes. Comparison of the ion-pair yields of these partially labeled products, which can be ascribed mainly to hydride ion transfer from pentane to carbonium ions, with the ion-pair yields deduced from the 70-eV mass spectral pattern shows that, in the direct radiolysis, those fragment ions which are formed with a high activation energy are produced in a lower yield than in the mass spectrometer and are also reduced most strongly by an increase in pressure. In all experiments, both the propyl and butyl ions formed in the decomposition of the pentane ion acquire the secondary configuration either prior to or during reaction. In the inert-gas-sensitized radiolysis, the fragment ions which are formed with a high appearance potential are seen to increase with an increase in the recombination energy of the added inert gas. From the applied-field experiments, it was possible to determine the modes of decomposition of neutral excited pentane molecules formed by electron impact. These were found to be analogous to those deduced from vacuum-ultraviolet photolysis experiments carried out at 1470 or 1237 Å. On the basis of the information gained from these experiments, and a detailed isotopic analysis of the products formed in the radiolysis both in the presence and absence of benzene, a value of 0.3±0.05 could be deduced for the number of neutral excited molecule decompositions per ion pair. Neutral excited pentane molecules are also seen to be formed in the inert-gas-sensitized radiolysis.

Organoaluminium compounds. VII. The reactions of organoaluminium compounds with phenylacetylene

The reactions of trimethyl-, triethyl-, tripropyl-, tri-isobutyl-, and triphenylaluminium with phenylacetylene in the presence and absence of benzene or toluene have been studied. In every case phenylethynylaluminium compounds are formed. Dimethyl(phenylethynyl)aluminium and diphenyl(phenylethynyl)aluminium are crystalline solids. The former compound disproportionates partially in ethereal solution. Side reactions competing with the formation of phenylethynylaluminium compounds are also observed. Triethylaluminium and tripropylaluminium add to phenylacetylene to give PhC(AlR2)=CHR (R = Et, Pr), but these alkenylaluminium compounds metallate further phenylacetylene and are so transformed to alkenes. A similar process occurs in the reaction with triphenylaluminium, but in this case both possible products of cis addition are observed. Tri-isobutylaluminium yields phenylethenyl compounds by reduction of the triple bond in the principal side reaction.

Demethylation and isomerization of pseudocumene on aluminosilcates

1. The dealkylation of pseudocumene accompanied by the conjugated alkylation of benzene and toluene was investigated at different temperatures and pressures in the presence of aluminosilicates. 2. Application of pressures in the range of 5–10 atm at temperatures of 450–480° expedited the reactions mentioned above. As a result of a single treatment of a mixture of pseudocumene with toluene, a yield of xylenes comprising approximately 30% of the catalyzate was obtained. 3. In the absence of benzene and toluene, pseudocumene was subjected to dismutation with the formation of a mixture of isomeric xylenes and tetramethylbenzenes. 4. Application of vacuum suppressed to a considerable extent the transfer of methyl groups and had the effect of channeling the reaction in the direction of the isomerization of pseudocumene.

Copolymerization of 1,3‐butadiene with 1‐ and 2‐chloroanthracenes

Abstract1‐ and 2‐Chloroanthracenes have been copolymerized with butadiene in the Mutual recipe and in the Mutual recipe with some added benzene. Using charging ratios of 90 parts of butadiene and 10 parts of chloroanthracene in the absence of benzene, the incorporation of the 1 isomer at 62% conversion is 16.9% and the incorporation of the 2 isomer at 80% conversion is 7.3%. In the presence of added benzene (5 ml. to 84 g. charge) the incorporation of the 1 isomer is 21.2% at 39% conversion and the incorporation of the 2 isomer is 9.4% at 53% conversion. The anthracene derivative is incorporated in the polymer chain through the meso positions.

Conductivity of Aqueous Potassium Dodecyl Sulfonate at Various Temperatures and with Solubilized Benzene

Abstract The specific conductivity of aqueous solutions of potassium dodecyl sulfonate has been measured as a function of concentration in the presence and absence of solubilized benzene in the temperature range between 25 and 60°C. Below the critical concentration for the formation of micelles solubilized benzene has no effect on the conductivity. In the critical concentration range there is a marked effect which decreases with salt concentration and finally becomes negligible. The critical concentration decreases in the presence of solubilized benzene; this effect becomes more marked as the benzene concentration is increased. The critical concentration increases with increasing temperature both in the presence and absence of benzene. The experimental part of this work was done at George Herbert Jones Laboratory, University of Chicago, III., U. S. A. The author would like to express his hearty gratitude to Dr. M. L. Corrin for many fruitful discussions during his stay at the University of Chicago, and for personal communications after his return to Formosa.