Abrasive Process Research Articles

EUTROPHICATION OF THE KYIV RESERVOIR OF UKRAINE: REVIEW

It is known that the process of eutrophication in freshwater (especially in lakes and reservoirs) is increasing every day. That is why the relevance of this research is related to the existing processes of eutrophication in the Kyiv Reservoir of Ukraine. The research was conducted on the basis of laboratory research materials in 2021 year (before starting russian-Ukrainian war – 24.02.2022) and in 2023 year (after 600 days starting russian-Ukrainian war). The main aim of the research was to determine the main cause-and-effect relationships of strengthening eutrophication processes of the Kyiv Reservoir, which are currently available. It has been established that eutrophication of the Kyiv Reservoir occurs under natural and anthropogenic conditions. During the analysis (2021-2023 years), we identified the main causes of natural (transportation of nutrients due to floods, increased abrasion processes, climate change) and anthropogenic eutrophication (agricultural and urban activities, military activities). Analyzing the cause-and-effect relationships of the intensification of eutrophication processes, we emphasized the main consequences of the anthropogenic load on the water body of the reservoir for aquatic biota (change in trophic relationships in the aquatic ecosystem, reduction of aquatic biodiversity), for different branch of human activities (deterioration of the aesthetic value and water quality for water use, recreation and agriculture). Also, we highlighted the implications of eutrophication for the reservoir such as water toxicity that can influence the water bodies and biota (the appearance of cyanobacteria, which are harmful to biota and people).

Study of Shoreline Changes Due to Tidal Flood at the Coastal City of Meulaboh

The coastline is constantly changing over time. The process of change that occurs continuously makes the coastline dynamic. Shorelines are vulnerable to changes caused by natural and human factors. One of the causes of shoreline changes due to natural factors is tidal flooding. Tidal floods cause abrasion of the coastline and create inundation on land. The coast of Meulaboh City has experienced tidal floods in 2020. The tidal floods that occur make the coastline abrasion and residential areas inundated. This study aims to determine the shoreline changes and the shoreline recovery process due to abrasion and accretion after tidal floods from 2020 to 2021. The shoreline in July 2019, 2020 and 2021 were analysed using DSAS tools to see horizontal shoreline changes. Measurement of the transverse profile of the beach was carried out 17 times in 12 transverse profiles. This measurement aims to map the profile condition after the tidal flood in July 2020. Measurement data for each profile was analysed using the EOF method to see vertical shoreline changes one year after the July 2020 tidal flood. Based on DSAS analysis, the shoreline conditions after tidal flooding (2019-2020) regressed with an average regression of 25.48 m and showed an accretion process after a year (2020-2021) with an average accretion of 14.38 m. Shoreline recovery due to tidal flooding can be seen well based on measurements for 1 (one) year and the results of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis. The recovery pattern is visible after 4 months of tidal flooding in July 2020. The beach profile tends to experience an accretion process in the 8th to 13th measurements and tends to experience abrasion in the 16th to 17th measurements. This shows that the accretion process on the transverse coastal profile is influenced by the east wind season, and the abrasion process generally occurs in the west wind season.

Simulation and experimental research on the abrasive trajectories of plane lapping based on rotary swing drive

In the pursuit of achieving exceptional surface shape accuracy for MPCVD (Microwave Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition) polycrystalline diamond wafers during the free abrasive lapping process, plane lapping based on rotary swing drive was employed in this study. The crux of this study lay in the development of a comprehensive kinematic model, scrutinizing the motion behavior of abrasive particles, and probing the influence of parameters on the uniformity of abrasive trajectories. The results show that the eccentricity, arc chord length and speed ratio affect the probability of track coincidence rate, and then affect the distribution uniformity. And then the verification experiments solidifying the reliability of our kinematic model and affirming the veracity of simulation results. The best surface shape accuracy ( PV) of the MPCVD polycrystalline diamond wafer was 2.3 μm under optimal parameters, representing a substantial advancement compared to the original lapping method, which only yielded a PV value of 8.4 μm. This study provides a promising method for high surface shape accuracy of MPCVD polycrystalline diamond wafers with large sizes.

In Vitro Assessment of Different Toothbrush Designs on Enamel Surface Abrasion: A Profilometric Study.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of three different toothbrush designs on enamel surface abrasion. Sixty intact freshly extracted maxillary central incisors were considered for the study. All of the extracted teeth's surfaces were severely trimmed, leaving only the labial surface intact. In the trial, a conventional teeth-whitening dentifrice slurry was utilized. A brushing model was created to deliver uniform force in unidirectional motion. Dontrix Gauge was used to control the tension of the spring. The force was kept constant at 180 ± 20 g. The mounted enamel samples were separated into three groups (20 samples each) at random: group A: toothbrushes have a flat trim bristle design, group B: toothbrushes have a zigzag pattern, and group C: toothbrushes have a bi-level bristle design. For 2 weeks, each sample was brushed twice daily for 2 minutes. A profilometer was used to measure the average surface roughness. After toothbrushing, the maximum mean surface roughness score was found in zigzag pattern group (2.10 ± 0.23), followed by bi-level bristle design group (2.06 ± 0.12) and the least was in the flat trim bristle design group (1.96 ± 0.09). There was a significant difference between the different toothbrush bristle pattern groups (p < 0.001). On conclusion, the results of this study showed that, in comparison to toothbrushes with zigzag patterns and bi-level bristle designs, flat trim toothbrush bristle designs cause the least amount of surface abrasion and are relatively safe to use. Toothbrushing with toothpaste contributes significantly to dental abrasion. A variety of parameters, including toothpaste abrasivity and concentration, brushing frequency, brushing length, brushing force, and toothbrush bristle stiffness, have the potential to influence the abrasion process of dental hard tissue.

Coastal vulnerability assessment using electrical resistivity tomography in Padang Betuah, Central Bengkulu

&lt;span&gt;Abrasion disaster in the coastal area of Padang Betuah Beach has a high level of abrasion in Central Bengkulu. The local community utilizes abrasion in the coastal area as a tourist attraction and becomes local revenue in the research location. The location that becomes a tourist attraction is decreasing because the coastal area’s land has been abraded. After conducting research using the electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) method in 2D and 3D, it was found that claystone dominated the coastal area at the research location with a resistivity value of 16-200 Ωm at a depth of 15-20 m. The coastal area in Padang Betuah Beach is composed of clay shale rocks (207-220 Ωm), and the depth is 2-14.8 m. Clay shale rocks are not abraded in stones with resistivity values &amp;gt;250 Ωm. This is caused by clay shale, which has low porosity, so it has a compact rock density. Seawater is identified at a depth of 21-63 m with a resistivity value of 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;225-10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang="IN"&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;2 Ωm. The depth of seawater determined follows the average height of the cliffs in the research location. The abrasion process can be slowed down by making jetties, water breakers, and mangrove cultivation.&lt;/span&gt;

EVALUATION OF INDUCED SURFACE INTEGRITY IN EXTRUSION HONING PROCESS

It is vital to achieve desired level of surface texture on exterior surfaces of pre-machined component. The required quality of surface can be obtained on outer surface by conventional deburring process like grinding, honing and so on. But difficulty arises while processing interior surface of components such as micro bores, inlet/outlet valves and so on. It’s a revolutionary micro finishing method that eludes the pressurised flow of media mixed with SiC into restricted passage to achieve the appropriate range of surface texture. Micro machining in this novel technique is a result of abrasion process by removing a minuscule quantity of stock material. The current investigation attempt in knowing the effect of number of passes at specimen entry and exit side of media, and developing a semi-empirical model for evaluating Ra by applying Buckingham’s π theorem. The generated surface produced by process factors such as number of passes, volume fraction, and grit size of abrasives is studied by SEM analysis.

The Influence of Vibro-Assisted Abrasive Processing on the Surface Roughness and Sub-Surface Microstructure of Inconel 939 Specimen Made by LPBF

This paper presents the research results on the influence of vibration abrasive machining parameters on the surface layer integrity of elements made by LPBF technology from Inconel 939. The research was carried out on samples of various sizes on vibrating smoothing machines. The influence of the size of the processed elements, the type of abrasive shapes, the processing time, and the supporting fluid on the surface roughness and microstructure of the processed elements was analyzed. Tests have shown that as a result of using vibration processing, it is possible to reduce the surface roughness five times to the value of Ra = 1.1 µm. A significant influence of the type of abrasive shapes was found. There was no significant effect of the machining fluid on the process.

Determination of the stress-deformed state of the grinding circle adjustment pencil

Using the Ery stress function in a linear formulation, using the methods of the classical theory of elasticity, an algorithm for analytically determining the stress-strain state of the working part of the abrasive wheel straightening tool as a two-layer composite material was developed. The algorithm allows considering arbitrarily distributed normal and tangential loads of the working surface of the abrasive grain of the tool. It considers the mandrel's limitation of deformations of the grain and the material that attaches it to it, the compatibility of the deformation of the grain and the material of its attachment to the mandrel, and their mechanical properties.&#x0D; Calculations performed according to the obtained algorithm allowed the following to be established. The maximum standard stresses on the working face of the grain exceed the corresponding stresses on the opposite face due to their more uniform distribution. The tangential stresses are almost uniformly distributed along the specified face. The material connecting the grain to the tool mandrel deforms almost uniformly due to its lower modulus of elasticity and smaller thickness than the abrasive grain's modulus of elasticity and thickness. Determining the stress-deformed state of the executive part of the pencil for correcting the working surfaces of grinding wheels for abrasive processing of materials makes it possible to specify the known mechanism of their interaction and increase the efficiency of the technological process of restoring the working surfaces of the tool for abrasive processing of metals.&#x0D; Taking into account the simultaneous deformation of the abrasive grain and the material that attaches it to the pencil mandrel, determining their stress-strain states using the methods of the classical theory of elasticity allows us to consider the results obtained by the given algorithm as sufficiently reliable within the limits of linear deformation. It is advisable to direct further research to determine the durability of the "abrasive grain-bond" system under variable cyclic loads.

Fluidized bed finishing of additively manufactured objects: The influence of operating parameters

This study investigates the potential of Fluidized Bed Finishing (FBF) of square flat AlSi10Mg specimens manufactured via Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing technology. Two FBF operational modes were experimentally investigated: I) with stationary specimens; II) with specimens under controlled rotational motion. Four different abrasive materials have been tested, quartz sand, corundum, irregular steel and cut wire steel particles, characterized by different hardness, density and shape. The effect of the abrasive material, processing time and specimen tilt angle was investigated. Results showed moderate smoothing under stationary specimen configuration, while good finishing for rotation-assisted tests, maximum reduction of the surface roughness of 12% and 67%, respectively. Steel particles were the most effective bed material, with particle density overtaking hardness as key particle property. The optimal tilt angle was the one that maximized sliding and shear. Altogether, surface finishing is driven by surface shear forces dominated by inertial stresses in particulate phase.

Research on an epoxy resin magnetoelastic abrasive: Application in tool edge preparation

Magnetoelastic abrasive grains have low elastic modulus and magnetism, which can create magnetic brushes in magnetic fields. When magnetoelastic abrasive particles come into contact with a workpiece, they can cause deformation, which increases the effective contact surface area and improves machining quality and efficiency. A method for preparing epoxy resin magnetoelastic abrasives was proposed first. The magnetic particle micromorphology was detected through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Secondly, based on the theory of particle-filled composite materials and mechanics, the representative volume element (RVE) model was developed using the finite element software ABAQUS. The size ratio of iron and silicon carbide filler particles, particle shape, and arrangement of stress and strain were found to further improve the magnetoelastic abrasive preparation process. To investigate the effect of time, abrasive size, tool speed, disc speed, and disc spacing on the flank face value, rake face value, and shape factor, double disc magnetic preparation was subjected to magnetoelastic abrasive. Compared to traditional drag finishing methods, the magnetoelastic abrasive demonstrated high efficiency and quality. Exploring the application of magnetoelastic abrasives, new technology and methods of edge preparation, and promoting progress in magnetic efficient processing and magnetic optical finishing technology is of great theoretical and practical value.

Characterization and optimization of abrasive water jet machining parameters of aluminium/silicon carbide composites

Due to the complexity of high temperature and cutting tool wear, most machined components are still facing problems in terms of harder functional fillers that reinforce aluminium matrix composites. Conversely, abrasive water jet machining (AWJM) incredibly useful for the cutting of anisotropic and non-homogeneous metal matrix composites. In this research article, silicon carbide (SiC) particulates were utilized as reinforcement in the AA6026 matrix material (AA6026/SiC) and machined using AWJM under different process parameters namely SiC loading, traverse speed and stand-off distance. Two different compositions of SiC (4, and 8 wt%) were considered to fabricate AA6026 composites using the stir casting. In addition, outputs have been examined, e.g., surface roughness, material removal rate, and kerf angle. An optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, Brinell hardness tester and universal testing machine have been used to characterize the matrix material AA6026 and its composites. Microstructural analysis revealed that the inclusion of SiC particulates in AA6026 affects the very fine grain size of the composite. Furthermore, the 8 wt% composite exhibits the evolution of the Al-Si eutectic phase during solidification. Processing of these composites was performed using the L27 orthogonal geometry, successfully improving the parameters of the abrasive water jet process. The output response shows that reducing the SiC load improves the surface roughness under the key parameters of traverse speed and stand-off distance. However, increasing the SiC loading increases the material removal rate and kerf angle under the key parameters, namely traverse speed, and stand-off distance.

INVESTIGATION OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS IN MODERN FINISHING PROCESS USING PERMANENT MAGNET

This work introduces an investigation of the surface roughness (Ra) during flat plate machining utilizing magnetic abrasive finishing process (MAF). In this study three parameters (Machining time, Mesh size, and Gap) were studied. The MAF tool is made from permanent magnet and the abrasive powder is consisting of 40% of SiC and 60% Fe powder with three Mesh size (100, 250, and 400 µm). The Taguchi L9 array was used in designing the experiments. The results show that the increasing machining time caused a decrease in Ra. The increase in mesh size and the gap will increase the surface roughness. The dominant factor that affect the surface roughness was the machining time due to enough time to machine the target surface.

Light abrasive decortication of heavy metal contaminated quinoa and rice from southern Perú reduces lead and arsenic contamination, but not cadmium

Heavy metal (HM) contamination of grain crops is a potential health risk and removal of grain outer layers can reduce contamination to safe levels. This study investigated the reduction of lead (Pb), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) using an abrasive decortication process in samples of quinoa and rice cultivated in southern Perú, where HM contamination has been reported. Outer layers of different varieties of quinoa and rice grains were incrementally removed (5, 10, 15 s), and HMs were determined using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Cryo-scanning electron microscopy (cryo-SEM) images for quinoa and rice grains showed elements with high atomic number around the outer layers of the grains that were mostly removed upon decortication. Pb and As concentrations in quinoa INIA-415 Pasankalla were completely removed in 5 s of decortication, while in other samples Pb decreased gradually from 100 to 0% within 15 s. With decortication, As in one rice type (RTL2) was decreased by ∼35% to meet the Codex General Standard limit. Cd was not significantly reduced by decortication due to its more uniform distribution in the grains. Thus, in quinoa and rice grains, Pb and As, but not Cd, can be significantly decreased through abrasive decortication.

Wear resistance analysis of steel slag aggregates based on morphology characteristics

Steel slag can be utilized in the wearing course of highway asphalt pavement. However, further research is needed to explore the impact of steel slag on the wear resistance of asphalt pavement. This study aimed to evaluate the wear resistance of two steel slag samples and compare them with three stone aggregates based on morphological characteristics. The Los Angeles abrasion test was conducted at different revolution levels, and the micro-morphology characteristics of the aggregates were analyzed through image analysis using six morphology parameters. The results showed that the steel slag samples had the lowest Los Angeles abrasion rates, indicating their superior hardness and wear resistance compared to limestone and granite aggregates. The steel slag aggregates also exhibited higher values in morphological indices of arithmetic mean height Sa, peak apex density Spd, and arithmetic mean curvature of peak apex Spc, indicating a rougher surface, more contact points and more durable wear resistance. Fluctuations were observed on variation curves of the maximum height Sz, surface skewness Ssk, and surface sharpness Sku of the steel slag during the abrasion process, suggesting the presence of numerous pits and spikes that contribute to the skid resistance of the steel slag asphalt mixture. The arithmetic mean height Sa, peak density Spd, and arithmetic mean curvature of peak apex Spc showed a consistent decrease over the number of revolutions, making them reliable indices for future research on the wear resistance of steel slag asphalt mixtures. Overall, this study provides a basis for further research on investigation the correlation between the morphology changes of steel slag aggregates and the anti-skid performance of pavement wearing courses.

Optimization of the Morphology of the Removal Function for Rotating Abrasive Water Jet Polishing.

Abrasive water jet polishing has significant advantages in the manufacturing of complex optical components (such as high-slope optical component cavities) that require high-precision manufacturing. This is due to its processing process, in which the polishing tool does not make direct contact with the surface of the workpiece, and instead maintains a considerable distance. However, the removal functions of most existing abrasive water-jet polishing technologies do not possess strict symmetry, which significantly impacts the ability to correct surface figure errors. Therefore, this study implements rotating abrasive water-jet polishing based on traditional abrasive water jet processing to optimize the removal function, which turns it into a Gaussian form; thus, obtaining a type of removal function more suitable for CCOS polishing. This paper derives an empirical formula between the distance s' from the peak removal point of the removal function to the stagnation point and the nozzle tilt angle α, based on geometric relationships and experimental results, analyzes the relationship between material removal efficiency, nozzle tilt angle, and standoff distance. Finally, this paper verifies through experiments the validity of this empirical formula under different process parameters. Therefore, this study obtains the process conditions that allow rotating abrasive water-jet polishing technology to achieve a stable Gaussian form removal function, and the appropriate process parameters to be selected in conjunction with polishing efficiency; thereby, effectively improving the removal function's corrective ability and manufacturing efficiency. It provides theoretical support for the processing capability and process parameter selection of abrasive water-jet polishing technology, solves the problem of limited shaping capability of existing abrasive water jet tools, and significantly improves the manufacturing capability of high-end optical components.

An information model concept for a thermomechanical process in grinding

The purpose of the work is to present the concept of an information modelof the thermomechanical process in grinding of products from materials prone to defect formation due to the fact that their surface layer has hereditary defects of structural or technological origin.The products' strength and functionality depend on the inhomogeneity and defectiveness of the structure of the materials from which they are made. Such materials have many different micro defects formed in the surface layer of parts during the technological operations of their production. Reducing number of defectsin the finishing operations of these materials and increasing the operational properties of products made of these materials is an essential national and economical task, the solution of which leads to a significant saving of material resources, labour intensity and cost of manufacturing parts. The currently available information on the thermal processes of diamond abrasive processing is obtained on the assumption of the homogeneity of the materials being polished and needs to consider the presence of defects in the technological heredity of the products. The phenomenological approach in studying the causes of cracking of materials prone to this type of defect does not allow to revealthe mechanism of genesis and development of grinding cracks. The choice of the method of investigation of the mechanism of crack formation is based on micro-research related to inhomogeneities, which are formed in the surface layer of parts during previous technological operations. A mathematical model has been developed that describes thermomechanical processes in the surface layer during grinding of parts made of materials and alloys, taking into account their inhomogeneities, which affect the intensity of the formation of grinding cracks. Calculated dependences between the crack resistance criterion and the main controlling technological parameters were obtained. According to the known characteristics of hereditary defects, the limit values of thermomechanical criteria, which ensure the necessary quality of the surfaces of the processed products, are determined. Based on the obtained criterion ratios, an algorithm for selecting technological possibilities for defect-free processing of products from materials prone to loss of quality of the surface layer of parts was built. A decision support system has been developed to increase the efficiency of the finishing process management.

Slurry pressure at the cutting zone in multi-wire sawing: An experimental study

Multi-wire sawing has been widely used in the processing of semiconductor material wafers employed in integrated circuits, solar cells, etc. Recently, free abrasive multi-wire sawing has been gradually replaced by solid abrasive multi-wire sawing technology in the domain of solar wafers. However, free abrasive sawing still plays an important role in the processing of electronic-grade monocrystalline silicon wafers, where the requirements on the wafer quality are continuously increasing. Because the free abrasive multi-wire sawing process is very complex, its material removal mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, experiments were designed to measure the slurry pressure at the cutting zone during a free abrasive multi-wire sawing process to fabricate monocrystalline silicon wafers, and the pressure distribution condition throughout the cutting zone was obtained. Two sets of micropores of 0.17 mm diameter were processed on the experimental workpiece to transmit the cutting zone fluid pressure to the sensor. Each group of micropores consisted of 17 small pores, divided into three rows, with the row spacing consistent with the pitch width of the wire guide. During installation, the center line of each row of micropores was aligned with the center line of the steel wire. The pressure at the cutting zone was measured using the micropores to transfer the slurry pressure to the sensor. Calibration experiments were conducted by considering the capillary effects of the micropores, and the actual pressure at the cutting zone was obtained. Experimental results show that the slurry pressure was 0.16 bar at 40 mm near the slurry inlet. As the distance from the slurry inlet increased, the pressure fluctuated around 0.14 bar. Furthermore, at a distance of 160 mm from the slurry inlet, the sensor was not able to detect the pressure at the cutting zone. The experimental results from the free abrasive multi-wire sawing pressure measurement showed that material removal involves a three-body action comprising the metal wire, abrasive grains, and workpiece. At the cutting zone far from the location of the slurry inlet, forming a stable and continuous film with the slurry is difficult. The experimental results confirm that the force of material removal during the sawing process mainly comes from the wire tension of the steel wire. The film thickness of the slurry in the cutting zone is determined by the diameter of the abrasive between the wire and ingot. The experimental conclusion is of great significance for understanding the complex material removal process in the cutting zone for multi-wire sawing.

Dry abrasion mechanisms of superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating surfaces

To date, the theoretical studies on dry abrasion on surfaces with microscopic roughness are based on JKR or DMT contact theory. Superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings with low surface energy and microscopic surface roughness have extremely low real contact area and adhesion to the abrasive when subjected to contact and friction, making the above theories inapplicable. To date, there lack of theoretical studies on the dry abrasion characteristics of superhydrophobic nanocomposite coating surfaces. In response to this problem, a numerical understanding of the frictional force on superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings is proposed based on Hertz contact theory, and the abrasion mechanisms of superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings and its influencing factors are analyzed from the perspective of microscopic torque balance. The abrasion process is divided into three stages, and there exists a minimum value of bonding strength between the microstructure on the coating surface and the polymer matrix of the coating that determines whether abrasion will occur. This minimum bonding force is determined by Young's modulus of the polymer matrix, the radius of the microstructure, and the applied load. The conclusions can be a guide for the improvement of the anti-dry-abrasion property of superhydrophobic nanocomposite coatings from the perspective of coating preparation.

Experimental Investigation on Surface Characteristics of Long Thickness Parts of CFRP during Abrasive Water Jet Machining Process

The use of advanced materials in new fields of applications is usually related with specific properties and great advantages. However, it may become an important technological challenge for the manufacturing and joining of these materials. Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic (CFRP) is widely used in aerospace or automotive industry, but currently is starting to be used as structural component in the building industry. In contrast to the thin parts developed for aircraft. the elements for construction are characterized by high thicknesses. This fact increases the abrasive effect of carbon fibre on cutting tools when it is machined by conventional processes. For this reason, non-conventional technologies. as Abrasive Water Jet Machining (AWJM), could be a suitable technology for this purpose. An operation of great interest for these materials is drilling. The industry demands the drilling of a wide range of increasingly large diameters. This, in combination with large thicknesses in CFRP, makes the machining process more difficult. Technologies such as orbital drilling are limited by the range of diameters that can be obtained and the abrasive wear between the material and the cutting-tool. Therefore, the use of abrasive waterjet cutting is proposed as an alternative technology capable of machining diameters in a wide range. One of the main limitations for the use of AWJM on large thickness parts of CFRP comes from the surface finish of the machined surfaces. where high values of roughness can be found. In this research, the effects of water jet cutting parameters have been evaluated for the machining of 17 mm thickness CFRP specimens. By variations on the traverse speed. abrasive mass flow rate and hydraulic pressure. differences in the performance and micro-geometrical characteristics of the machined surfaces were obtained, allowing to identify most significant affecting parameters of the process.

Experimental comparison of unbonded, agglutinated and sintered SiC-based magnetic abrasive particles in magnetic abrasive finishing process

Aluminum grabs a spot in the top ten light metals and henceforth finds a wide range of applications in the aerospace industry and other concerned/allied industries. A high surface finish is obligatory in a few components. The objective of this research is to compare and analyze the internal surface finish obtained by unbonded, agglutinated, and sintered silicon carbide (SiC) based magnetic abrasives in aluminum pipes using magnetic abrasive finishing process. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy (AFM) have aided in a close inspection of the topography of the surfaces. AFM topographic images indicate that sintered magnetic abrasive particles yielded a surface roughness value (Ra = 17.7 nm) followed by agglutinated (Ra = 34.98 nm) and unbonded magnetic abrasive particles (Ra = 99.3 nm). Maximum percentage improvement in surface finish (PISF) of 87 % in terms of Ra has been obtained at rotational speed of workpiece (1000 rpm), magnetic flux density (0.85 Tesla), quantity of abrasive particles (15 gm), size of abrasives (80 μm) and machining time (30 mins.).