Incidence Of Abortion Research Articles

Goat flock abortion: a retrospective study at Abergelle Agricultural Research Center, Tigray, Ethiopia

BackgroundSmall ruminants are the principal component of livestock production in Tigray region, Ethiopia. But their productivity is affected by various factors. According to farmers and expert observation, goat abortion is among the leading causes of production losses in Tanqua-Abergelle district. However, study findings that examine the extent of distribution and economic impact of abortion cases in goats in the district are scarce. This retrospective study investigated the occurrence of abortion and its associated risk factors in three goat breed types at Abergelle Agricultural Research Center goat breeding site over a seven year period. The study included a total of does above one year old, and data were collected from a casebook that was specifically prepared for abortion cases. A thorough follow up was conducted to identify abortion cases. Additionally, a community survey was conducted in selected villages where the research center is located.ResultsThe overall abortion proportion was 29.8% in the goat farm. Begait goat breeds had the highest abortion proportion (50.9%, CI 0.36–0.64) in 2015/16. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified year, season, age and breed as major risk factors of abortion occurrence at flock level. Accordingly, the likelihood of goats experiencing abortion during the dry season (proportion = 34) was 1.87 times higher compared to those in the wet season (proportion = 22.8). Begait breeds had a higher incidence of abortion (proportion 37.5%, OR 4.87, CI 2.49–10.35) compared to other breeds. Age was negatively associated with abortion, suggesting that older goats (OR = 0.67) had a higher relative risk than younger goats (OR = 0.57). Moreover, the study noted a high incidence of abortion during the years 2014/15 to 2016/17 (proportion = 35.7–39.7). Within-breed analysis revealed that age and season were significant risk factors for Abergelle and Begait breeds, respectively by using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. A community survey indicated that 89.7% households responded their goats experienced abortion.ConclusionsThis study highlighted the high prevalence of goat abortion at Abergelle and identifies important risk factors associated with its occurrence. The findings can inform targeted interventions to reduce abortion rates and improve goat productivity in the district.

An estimate of lifetime incidence of abortion in the United States using the 2021–2022 Abortion Patient Survey

ObjectivesThe Guttmacher Institute estimated that, in 2014, 24% of US women of reproductive age would have an abortion by age 45 if the 2014 abortion rate was maintained. This study updates the estimated lifetime incidence of abortion in the year(s) just prior to the Dobbs decision, which removed federal protections for abortion. Study designWe used data from the Guttmacher Institute’s 2021–2022 Abortion Patient Survey and population data for 2020 and 2021 from the Census Bureau, as well as abortion counts from the Guttmacher Institute’s 2020 Abortion Provider Census, to estimate abortion rates, first-abortion rates, and cumulative abortion rates, all by age group. We calculated multiple estimates of lifetime incidence under varying hypothetical conditions as tests of sensitivity. ResultsWe estimate that 24.7% (95% CI: 22.9–26.3) of women aged 15–44 in 2020 would have had an abortion by age 45 if abortion rates in 2020 remain constant. These figures changed slightly when we examined scenarios assuming a 5% increase in abortion between 2020 and 2021 (25.9, 95% CI: 24.0–27.6) and when we adjusted for the potential overrepresentation of adolescent and young adult respondents in the 2021–2022 Abortion Patient Survey (23.9, 95% CI: 22.2–25.6). ConclusionsIn the year(s) prior to the Dobbs decision, one-quarter of US women would have been expected to have at least one abortion in their lifetime if abortion rates for those years stayed the same. ImplicationsSignificant numbers of individuals are being affected by abortion bans, but we are unable to predict how these restrictions will impact abortion incidence or the lifetime incidence in the coming years.

The gestational outcome in a low-implanted gestational sac in the first trimester in primigravidae

Background The pregnancy stage is known as implantation, when the attachment occurs between the embryo and the uterine wall. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of abortion and the gestational outcome in a low-implanted gestational sac in the first trimester in primigravidae till 28 weeks. Patients and methods The observational cohort prospective study was conducted on 100 primigravidae pregnant women with low-lying-implantation pregnancies in the first trimester. When we used the research, we omitted the patient’s name. It was only for scientific purposes that the data from this research was analyzed; it was not utilized for any other purpose. Results First-trimester bleeding, it occurred more in cases that had a gestational sac localized 0–0.5 cm from the internal ostium (OS) in 10 cases followed by cases who had a gestational sac localized more than 0.5–1 cm from the internal OS in 12 cases. Twelve cases had an abortion in the first trimester and eight cases had an abortion in the second trimester. Gestational outcome at the 28th week, 74 cases continued to the 28th week of gestation, 20 cases were aborted before the 28th week, and six cases were missed. Mode of delivery: 49 cases had cesarean section and 25 cases had normal delivery. Conclusions In primigravidas situations, the low-implanted gestational sac may increase the risk of bleeding depending on the distance from the internal OS, affecting the future position and development of the placenta with no additional risk to maternal and fetal survival.

Use of artificial intelligence embryo selection based on static images to predict first-trimester pregnancy loss

Research questionCan an artificial intelligence (AI) embryo selection assistant predict the incidence of first trimester spontaneous abortion (SA) using static images of IVF embryos? DesignIn a blind, retrospective study, a cohort of 172 blastocysts from IVF cases with single embryo transfer and a positive biochemical pregnancy test was retrospectively ranked by the AI morphometric algorithm ERICA™. Making use of static embryo images from a light microscope, each blastocyst was assigned one of four possible groups (Optimal, Good, Fair, Poor), and linear regression was used to correlate the results with the presence or absence of a normal fetal heart rate (FHR) as an indicator of ongoing pregnancy or SA, respectively. Additional analyses included modelling for recipient age and chromosomal status established by preimplantation genetic testing (PGT-A). ResultsEmbryos grouped as Optimal/Good had a lower incidence of SA (16.1%) compared to embryos classified as Fair/Poor (25%, P=0.005, Odds ratio (OR)=0.46). The incidence of SA in chromosomally normal embryos (determined by PGTA) was 13.3% for Optimal/Good embryos and 20.0% for Fair/Poor embryos, although this difference was not statistically significant (P=0.531). There was a significant association between embryo rank and recipient age (P=0.018) in that the incidence of SA was unexpectedly lower in older recipients (21.3% in ≤35, 17.9% in 36-38, 16.4% in ≥39, P=0.0181, OR=0.354). Overall, these results support a correlation between risk of SA and embryo rank as determined by AI; the classification accuracy was calculated to be 67.4%. ConclusionsThis preliminary study suggests that AI (ERICA™), which was designed as a ranking system to assist with embryo transfer decisions and ploidy prediction, might also be useful in providing information for couples on the risk of SA. Future work will include larger sample size and karyotyping of miscarried pregnancy tissue.

Maternal Mortality and Morbidity Following Unsafe Abortion in a Tertiary Medical College Hospital

Background: Unsafe abortion refers to the termination of an undesired pregnancy by individuals lacking the requisite skills in an environment lacking minimal medical standards, or both. It stands as a prominent contributor to pregnancy-related mortality in Bangladesh. Notably, approximately one-third of all births in Bangladesh are unplanned and unwanted. The initiation of unsafe abortion may be attributed to the woman herself, an unqualified practitioner, or health workers operating in unhygienic conditions. Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to implement interventions aimed at mitigating maternal mortality and morbidity resulting from unsafe abortion. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Khulna Medical College and Hospital, Khulna, spanning from July 2010 to June 2011. After applying exclusion criteria, which involved cases of medical termination of pregnancy and individuals with known medical conditions, a total of 145 abortion cases were admitted to two maternity units at Khulna Medical College Hospital. These cases exhibited a history of menstrual regulation (MR) and induced abortion performed by unskilled individuals, in unhygienic conditions, or both, throughout the study period. The primary outcome variables assessed in this study included age, marital status, education level, socio-economic status, parity, duration of amenorrhea, methods of induction, and maternal complications. Results: In this study, it has been seen that 588 (29.80%) of gynecological admissions are of abortion, and the incidence of unsafe abortion is 145 (24.65%) of all abortion patients. The majority are primarily educated and their socio-economic status is below average. Most of them are multipara. They had come to the hospital after the development of complications. Among the unsafe abortions, 9 (6.20%) expired and 136 (93.79%) improved after experiencing some sort of minor or major suffering. Conclusion: Maternal mortality is a key women’s health indicator. Reducing it is a global goal, but tracking progress is challenging, especially in developing countries with weak health data systems. Unsafe abortions are underreported, and many deny the truth even when in dire conditions. To address this, promoting modern contraceptives, training personnel for abortions, and emphasizing contraception’s importance is vital. Relaxing abortion laws may be necessary, as women may seek abortions regardless, risking their lives. Ensuring safe abortion access is essential for women’s rights and preventing harm to them and their families. Reducing unplanned pregnancies and providing safe abortion services are critical.

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ANEMIA AND ABORTION IN PREGNANT WOMEN AT RSIA ANANDA MAKASSAR 2021-2022

Abortion is a condition of pregnancy that ends when the gestational age is less than 20 weeks or the fetus has not been able to live outside the womb. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between anemia and the incidence of abortion in pregnant women at the Ananda Mother and Child Hospital Makassar in 2021-2022. This type of research is analytic observational research with a case control study approach. The sampling method used purposive sampling was divided into 102 case samples and 102 control samples. The data consists of being obtained from the medical records of RSIA Ananda Makassar for 2021-2022. Anemia as the independent variable and abortion as the dependent variable. Data were analyzed by univariate test and bivariate test by chi-square test. The research results obtained a p-value of 0.004 (p <0.05) and an OR value of 3.312. The conclusion in this study is that anemia is significantly related to the incidence of abortion at RSIA Ananda Makassar in 2021-2022.
 Keywords: Anemia, Abortion

Evaluation of effectiveness of Letrozole in treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine and metabolic disease, characterized by hyperandrogenism, oligomenorrhea, and polycystic ovaries. PCOS is one of the most causes that affect the women of childbearing age, and often leads to infertility. Various managements were proposed for infertile women with PCOS. However, the optimal management option has not been addressed satisfied. Although multiple treatments including weight reduction, clomiphene citrate, metformin, gonadotropins, and ovary cauterization have been reported to treat such condition, the efficacy still has insufficient evidence to support. Objectives: Purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Letrozole in treatment of infertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Materials & method: This study was carried out to assess the effectiveness of letrozole and on pregnancy outcomes including the ovulation induction, pregnancy rate, and endometrial thickness in infertile women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS). Total 106 infertile PCOS patients were recruited and allocated in two groups, Group-L (received letrozole at 2.5 mg twice daily on the 3rd–5th days of menstrual cycle for 5 consecutive days), Group-G 75 U/d−1 gonadotropin through intramuscular injection for 5 days starting from the third day of menstrual cycle). All patient in both arm completed treatment and follow-up. Patients in both groups were treated up to 5 treatment cycles. During follow up, transvaginalultrasonogram (TVS) was performed to see the details of the follicles and the endometrium. Data was processed and analysed with the help of computer program SPSS and Microsoft excel. Quantitative data expressed as mean and standard deviation and qualitative data as frequency and percentage. Comparison was done by tabulation and graphical presentation in the form of tables, pie chart, graphs, bar diagrams, histogram & charts etc. Result: Mean age of the patient was 26.3 ± 5.7 years in group-L and 25.9 ± 6.1 years in group-G. There were no statistical significant differences between the 2 groups regarding age, body weight, height, body mass index (BMI). Present study results showed that patients who received letrozole exert better outcomes in primary endpoint, including ovulation rate (86.7% in group-L & 62.2% in group-G, P =0.004), endometrial thickness (9.3 ± 1.1 mm in group-L & 8.5 ± 1.1 mm in group-G, P = 0.003) and pregnancy rate (64.1% in group-L & 30.1% in group-G, P =0.005). Abortion rate (till the end of 12th week) and multiple pregnancy rate were higher in group-G, but result were non-significant in between groups. Live birth rate in the letrozole group was higher 29(54.7%) than group-G 14(26.4%), the difference was statistically significant (P < .05). Conclusion: Patients who took Letrozole had significantly higher endometrial thickness than other group. Due to the higher pregnancy rate and lower incidence of abortion or multiple pregnancy, letrozole can be an effective for the treatment of anovulatory subfertility of the PCOS patients. Central Medical College Journal Vol 7 No 1 January 2023 Page: 13-19

Low follistatin level is a causal risk factor for spontaneous abortion: a two-sample mendelian randomization study.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is a distressing event during pregnancy, and understanding its causal factors is crucial. Follistatin, a glycoprotein involved in folliculogenesis and embryogenesis, has been implicated as a potential contributor to the risk of spontaneous abortion. However, establishing a causal relationship requires rigorous investigation using robust methods. In this study, we utilized mendelian randomization (MR), a powerful genetic epidemiological approach, to examine the causal relationship between follistatin levels and spontaneous abortion. We obtained instrumental variables strongly associated with follistatin levels from large-scale genome-wide association from the IEU database. The inverse variance weighting (IVW) method was taken as gold standard. We also performed sensitivity test to evaluate the robustness of our result. MR analysis revealed a significant causal relationship between low follistatin levels and spontaneous abortion (p = 0.03). Sensitivity analyses, including pleiotropy test, heterogeneity test, and leave-one-out analysis, all supported the robustness of our findings. Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the causal relationship between low follistatin levels and increased risk of spontaneous abortion. These findings underscore the importance of follistatin in the etiology of spontaneous abortion and suggest potential preventive interventions. Modulating follistatin levels or relevant pathways could hold promise for reducing the incidence of spontaneous abortion and improving reproductive outcomes. The utilization of MRs strengthens the validity of our results by mitigating confounding and reverse causality biases. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and explore therapeutic strategies targeting follistatin levels.

Not the right time for children: Unemployment, fertility, and abortion

I analyze the effect of local unemployment rates on fertility rates, abortion rates, and the abortions to pregnancies ratio, combining population statistics and administrative data on induced abortions performed in Italy between 2004 and 2016. Using a shift-share instrument measuring labor demand, I exploit demand-driven shocks to unemployment. The findings indicate that both childbearing and abortions behave pro-cyclically, thus suggesting that changes in fertility rates arise not just from changes in planned pregnancy but also from a higher incidence of abortions. These effects are driven by women above 25 years old, and are particularly large in the 35–49 age group, while younger women are largely unaffected.

Can we improve the outcome of pregnancies with low serum PAPP-A in the first trimester?

Low birth weight is associated with various complications, and recent findings rely on the fact that micronized progesterone supplementation leads to improved birth weight, which is crucial for addressing concerns related to fetal growth. Objective This study aimed to assess the impact of micronized progesterone (VMP4) supplementation on pregnancies with low serum pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) multiples of the median (MoM) values during first-trimester screening. Methods Out of 8933 patients evaluated, 116 pregnant women with low PAPP-A concentrations in their blood and no fetal chromosomal anomalies (CAs) were included. Three groups were formed: group 1 received VMP4 from 11 to 16 weeks (29 women, 25%), group 2 received VMP4 from 11 to 36 weeks (25 women, 21.5%), and group 3 (62 women, 53.5%) served as controls without receiving progesterone. Results Results indicated that group 3 had higher rates of complications, including miscarriages (16.37%), preterm delivery (17.8%), and fetal developmental abnormalities (19.4%). Birthweight variations were elevated in pregnancies without progesterone, contrasting with lower variations in VMP4 groups. Group 2, receiving VMP4 until 36 weeks, reported the lowest incidence of abortion and preterm birth (PB), along with the highest mean birth weight. Conclusions The conclusion suggests that 200 mg per day of VMP4 up to 36 weeks of supplementation led to fewer placental-related complications in women with very low PAPP-A at first-trimester screening (0.399 MoM). By reporting lower rates of miscarriages, PBs, and fetal developmental abnormalities in the micronized progesterone-treated groups, the study suggests a potential reduction in complications.

Pregnant mothers intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device and its associated factors in Arba Minch Town, Southern Ethiopia, 2022

IntroductionPostpartum intra-uterine device use contributes to the happiness and health of women, children, and families who are of reproductive age. Out of the 210 million pregnancies that happen worldwide each year, about 80 million are unintended. Increasing postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device intention can help reduce unplanned pregnancies and the incidence of abortion. Methodsa cross-sectional study was conducted in pregnant mother’s home from March to April 2022 to assess the intension to use PPIUCD and to identify factors. Through simple random selection, 482 pregnant women were surveyed using a pretested, structured questionnaire and in-person interviews. Four randomly selected Kebeles were involved in the study by using simple random sampling. The data was imported into Epi-data version 4.6.0.2 and then analysed using Stata version 14. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regressions were used to identify associated factors. Results482 pregnant women have participated in the study, and 98.5 % of them responded. 13.7 % (95 % CI: 11.0–17.0) of the participants stated that they planned to use an intra-uterine devices after giving birth. The intention to use a postpartum intrauterine contraceptive device had a significant association with the participants' educational level (AOR = 4.69; 95 % CI: 1.31–16.81), moderate level (AOR = 3.77; 95 % CI: 1.90–7.50), high knowledge (AOR = 4.82; 95 % CI: 1.96–11.87), and favorable attitude (AOR = 7.26; 95 % CI: 3.39–15.52), according to the results of the multivariable analysis. ConclusionIn Ethiopia, compared to earlier research, there was a decreased intention to use postpartum intrauterine contraceptive devices. Encouraging the use of postpartum intrauterine contraceptives for social and behavioural changes can be more effective.

Application of Multivariate Logistic Regression and Decision Trees to Assess Factors Influencing Prevalence of Abortion and Stillbirth in Yankasa sheep

AbstractThis study was carried out to assess factors influencing prevalence of abortion and stillbirth in Yankasa sheep using multivariate logistic regression and decision trees. 191 kidding records of Ewes from a total of 50 traditional Yankasa sheep herders within Nasarawa South agro-ecological zone from the year 2020-2021 were utilized in the study. Sampling was restricted to only farmers that were able to give information on Lamb, Ram and Ewe identification as well as occurrence of abortion, stillbirth (defined as a kid born dead or dying within 24 hours after birth), kidding date or period, parity and number of foetuses. Three seasons of abortion or stillbirth were generated according to the month of the year: rainy season (from May to October), dry season (from February to April) and harmattan season (from November to January). The logit of the probability of an abortion or stillbirth was modelled using logistic regression assuming an asymptotic binomial distribution. The Chi-square goodness of fit test was performed to check if the multivariate logistic model fitted the data well (P>0.05). Chi-square automatic interaction detection (CHAID) algorithm was also employed to model incidence of abortion or stillbirth. The chi-square analysis revealed that parity did not significantly (P>0.05) affect the incidence of abortion. However, season of the year significantly (P<0.05) affected prevalence of abortion, which was higher in the harmattan (38.5%) compared to the rainy (11.5%) and dry season (16.5%), respectively. Parity and season of the year did not affect significantly (P>0.05) the prevalence of stillbirth. The binary logistic regression analysis showed that season affected significantly (P<0.05) the prevalence of abortion, especially in the harmattan period with a high odds ratio (4.539). This was also confirmed by the result of the CHAID analysis. The present information could be exploited in management practices to reduce to the incidence of abortion in order to improve the production level of the sheep farmers.

Intimate partner violence among women of reproductive age during COVID-19 pandemic in Bungoma County, Kenya

Background: Intimate partner violence includes all forms of aggression by former or current intimate partner. It accounts to 1.3 million deaths annually. Women of reproductive age, 18% globally have experienced physical and sexual forms of IPV. IPV cases ranges from 55% and 46% respectively in Africa and South Asia.COVID-19 has seen increase of IPV by 5% among WRA. IPV among WRA increases incidence of suicide, abortion and depression. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study design was used. Stratified 2 stage random sampling and simple random sampling techniques were used. Sample size was 229 WRA. Primary data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire, KIIS and FGDS. Data analysis was carried out through both descriptive statistics and inferential analysis findings were presented in percentages and pie charts. Results: Age category of 26 -33 years, participants who are casual workers, alcohol consumption by partner, length of relationship, level of education and culture were significantly associated with physical, psychological, sexual and economic violence.66.80%of the participants did not know about the policies on IPV and the available community level services to combat IPV was majorly reconciliation of couples by the local chiefs. Conclusions: The health system factors that facilitates support of IPV was not in line with SDGs Goal 5: Gender equality and SDGs Goal 16: Peace, justice and strong institutions. A large number of respondents (79.5%) reported unavailability of health facilities linked to social, health and legal services to support victims of IPV.

Factors Related To The Incidence of Abortion at Tora Belo Hospital

Abortion is an event that still occurs in many communities both intentionally and because of unwanted things. The increase continues to occur every year based on many of the socio-religious, psychological, educational status, economic status and physical condition of a mother. At Tora Belo Hospital, every year there is a decrease in the incidence of abortion in the register data obtained in 2021 as many as 113 patients and in 2022 as many as 117 patients there is a slight increase in the incidence of abortion. This study aims to determine the factors associated with the incidence of abortion at Tora Belo Hospital. This study used a cross sectional study with secondary hospital data. The results of simultaneous f and partial t tests found that age, educational status and economic status were related to the incidence of abortion, while body mass index and abortion history were not significantly related to the incidence of abortion at Tora Belo Hospital

Characteristics and Outcomes of Abortion Cases at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh

Introduction: Abortion is a critical public health issue, particularly in developing countries like Bangladesh, where access to safe abortion services is often limited. This study aimed to analyze the characteristics and outcomes of abortion cases in a tertiary-level hospital setting, providing insights into the demographic profile of patients, nature and type of abortions, treatment methods, and post-abortion complications. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uttara Adhunik Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from June 2022 to July 2023. A total of 100 patients were consecutively sampled based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected through patient medical records and interviews, focusing on demographic information, details of the abortion, and subsequent outcomes. Result: The majority of patients were in the 26-30 age group (42%), with 58% being primigravida. Most abortions occurred in the early stages of pregnancy (<13 weeks, 75%). Incomplete abortions were the most common type (83%), and the majority of cases were spontaneous (84%). Surgical intervention (D&C) was the predominant treatment method (83%). While most patients (84%) did not experience complications, a minority faced significant health challenges, including shock (5%) and septicemia (3%). Conclusion: The study highlights a high incidence of incomplete abortions and a preference for surgical treatment in abortion cases at the tertiary hospital level in Bangladesh. These findings underscore the need for improved abortion care, enhanced patient education, and better access to comprehensive abortion services. The study's insights are crucial for informing policy and practice to improve reproductive health services and address the challenges of unsafe abortion practices in Bangladesh.

EGR1 modulates EPHB4-induced trophoblast dysfunction in recurrent spontaneous abortion†.

Recurrent spontaneous abortion, defined as at least three unexplained abortions occurring before the 20-24 week of pregnancy, has a great impact on women's quality of life. Ephrin receptor B4 has been associated with trophoblast function in preeclampsia. The present study aimed to verify the hypothesis that ephrin receptor B4 regulates the biological functions of trophoblasts in recurrent spontaneous abortion and to explore the upstream mechanism. Ephrin receptor B4 was overexpressed in mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion. Moreover, ephrin receptor B4 inhibited trophoblast proliferation, migration, and invasion while promoting apoptosis. Downregulation of early growth response protein 1 expression in mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion led to ephrin receptor B4 overexpression. Poor expression of WT1-associated protein in mice with recurrent spontaneous abortion reduced the modification of early growth response protein 1 mRNA methylation, resulting in decreased early growth response protein 1 mRNA stability and expression. Overexpression of WT1-associated protein reduced the incidence of recurrent spontaneous abortion in mice by controlling the phenotype of trophoblasts, which was reversed by early growth response protein 1 knockdown. All in all, our findings demonstrate that dysregulation of WT1-associated protein contributes to the instability of early growth response protein 1, thereby activating ephrin receptor B4-induced trophoblast dysfunction in recurrent spontaneous abortion. Our study provides novel insights into understanding the molecular pathogenesis of recurrent spontaneous abortion.

Effect of maternal age on foetal chromosomal defects: an investigation based on non-invasive prenatal testing

Background This study aimed to evaluate the value of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) in the prenatal screening of foetal aneuploidy-associated diseases at different gestational ages. Methods Briefly, cell-free foetal DNAs were extracted from plasma first, followed by DNA sequencing and bioinformatics analyses for chromosome aneuploidy (T21, T18, and T13), sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA), and microdeletion/microduplication. Subsequently, the positive results were subject to karyotype analyses. Results The pregnant women included in this study were divided into six groups, and the results, such as chromosome diagnoses, and clinical phenotypes, were collected for data analyses. According to the results of the data analysis, the positivity rates of foetal chromosomal abnormalities in pregnant women under 20, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39, and >40 years old were 0%, 0.17%, 0.25%, 0.27%, 0.60%, and 1.66%, respectively. The positive predictive value (PPV) in the 20–24 years group was 41.67%, that in the 25–29 years group was 62.5%, that in the 30–34 years group was 66.67%, that in the 35–39 years group was 90.74%, and that in the >40 years group was 90.32%. Conclusion Overall, NIPT detection in elderly pregnant women has excellent clinical application value in reducing the incidence of either birth defects or abortion caused by invasive chromosome examination.

Preconception sleep duration, non-daytime work schedules, and incidence of spontaneous abortion: a prospective cohort study.

To what extent do self-reported sleep duration and non-daytime work schedules in either partner affect the rate of spontaneous abortion (SAB)? Incidence of SAB had little association with female sleep duration and a modest positive association with male short sleep duration, female work at night, and discrepant work schedules among partners. Several studies have reported an association between short sleep duration in either partner and reproductive health outcomes, including fecundability. Moreover, certain types of female occupational exposures during pregnancy have been associated with an increased risk of SAB. No studies have evaluated SAB risk in relation to male sleep and work schedules, or joint exposures within a couple. This prospective cohort study included 9357 female participants and 2602 of their male partners residing in North America (June 2013 to April 2023). Participants enrolled when they were attempting pregnancy and completed self-administered baseline questionnaires about their average sleep duration and work schedules. Among those who conceived, we ascertained SAB and gestational age at loss via follow-up questionnaires. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards models with gestational weeks as the time scale to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs relating SAB with sleep duration and non-daytime work schedules for female and male participants, and the couple. We used inverse probability weighting to account for potential selection bias due to the possibility of differential participation of male partners with respect to the exposures. Compared to female participants with recommended sleep (7-8.9 h), those reporting short sleep duration (<6 h) did not have a higher rate of SAB (HR 0.88, 95% CI 0.69, 1.13). Short self-reported sleep duration among male participants was modestly associated with a higher rate of SAB (adjusted and weighted HR 1.30, 95% CI 0.96, 1.75). Female night work at night (adjusted HR 1.19, 95% CI 1.02, 1.38) and male non-daytime work (adjusted and weighted HR 1.26, 95% CI 1.00, 1.59) were associated with modestly higher rates of SAB, whereas female rotating shift work was not (adjusted HR 0.91, 0.78, 1.05) compared with daytime workers. Couples in which work schedules were discrepant had an elevated rate of SAB if the male partner worked a non-daytime shift (adjusted and weighted HR 1.46, 95% CI 1.13, 1.88) compared with couples in which both members worked during the day. The corresponding HR if only the female partner worked a non-daytime shift was 1.21 (95% CI 0.92, 1.58). Data on sleep duration and work schedules were based on self-report, which is vulnerable to misclassification, particularly since participants were asked to report their average sleep duration during the past month. Work exposures were heterogeneous, as many different types of employment may require night and shift work and may have different associations with SAB. Our findings are consistent with previous research indicating that some types of female employment schedules may be associated with SAB incidence. This is the first study to indicate a relationship between SAB and male employment schedules, indicating that discrepant work schedules within a couple might be relevant. This work was funded by the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development grants R01HD105863 (PIs: L.A.W. and M.L.E.), R01HD086742 (PIs: L.A.W. and E.E.H.), and R21HD072326 (PI: L.A.W.). PRESTO has received in-kind donations from Swiss Precision Diagnostics and Kindara.com for primary data collection. L.A.W. is a consultant for AbbVie, Inc. and the Gates Foundation. M.L.E. is an advisor for and holds stock in Ro, Hannah, Dadi, Underdog, Vseat, & Doveras. The other authors have no competing interests to declare. N/A.

FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG BERHUBUNGAN DENGAN KEJADIAN ABORTUS INKOMPLIT DI RSUD LANTO DG. PASEWANG KABUPATEN JENEPONTO

Introduction: The occurrence of incomplete abortion, a miscarriage condition that does not successfully remove all products of conception from the uterus, is a complex event and can have significant health and psychological impacts for women. This study is to determine the factors related to the Incomplete Abortion Event at Lanto Dg. Pasewang Hospital in 2023. Method:. This type of research is a type of research using analytical survey methods using case control study research design. The study sample was divided into case and control samples with a ratio of 1: 1 with the number of respondents as many as 46 people consisting of maternal samples with incomplete abortion as many as 23 people, while the control samples of pregnant women who experienced abortion but not incomplete amounted to 23 people. Results: The results of this study using bivariate test analysis obtained p-value = 0.000, 0.001, 0.003 ≤ α 0.05 means that there is a relationship between age, parity, pregnancy distance, and the incidence of incomplete abortion at Lanto Dg. Pasewang Hospital in 2023, while anemia obtained a p-value of 0.552 &gt; α 0.05 means that there is no relationship between anemia and the incidence of incomplete abortion at Lanto Dg. Pasewang Hospital in 2023. Of the four variables, the age variable was most at risk of incomplete abortion with an OR= 30.790 value. Conclusion: There is a relationship between age, parity, and distance of pregnancy and the incidence of incomplete abortion.

Identifikasi Gejala Dan Faktor Risiko Kejadian Penyakit Mirip African Swine Fever Di Kota Kupang

Pigs as livestock are playing role as providers and contributors of animal protein sources other than poultry and cattle. African swine fever (ASF) is a double-stranded DNA virus, in the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus. ASF is an infectious disease in pigs with a mortality rate of 100%. The purpose of this study was to identify symptoms and risk factors that were similar to African swine fever (ASF) in Kupang City and to examine the dominant clinical symptoms of African swine fever (ASF)-like disease in Kupang City. Data were obtained from filling out questionnaires by 250 respondents as pig farmers. Primary data were processed and analyzed using SPSS and then presented in the form of graphs and tables. The results showed that ASF-like disease had general and specific clinical symptoms. However, the incidence of abortion in pregnant sows is rarely found, this is based on the number of farmers whose sows experienced abortions as much as 41.6%. Risk factors that can cause ASF-like diseases in Kupang City, namely the lack of public knowledge about livestock systems and management, poor application of biosecurity, feeding contaminated with ASF virus (swill feeding), frequent cross-breeding of livestock. In addition, there also risk factors for ASF-like diseases originating from human activities (anthropogenic) such as visiting.