This study fills a gap in the extant literature through an empirical investigation of male partner violence against Aboriginal women in Canada. Using a large-scale representative sample of Canadian women, analyses show Aboriginal women to have a significantly higher prevalence of violence by their partner compared to non-Aboriginal women. Violence against Aboriginal women is more likely at all levels of severity, with the greatest disparity on the most severe forms of violence, and appears more likely to be ongoing. Risk markers generally operate in the same direction for Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals, although Aboriginal women possess greater representation on risk markers of violence, and the impact of risk markers is generally larger for Aboriginal women. Although established risk markers are helpful for understanding violence against Aboriginal women, differences between Aboriginals and non-Aboriginals on risk markers do not account for Aboriginal women's significantly higher prevalence of violence. These results indirectly lend support to colonization theory.