Native Land Research Articles

Cocoa, Palm Tree, and Cassava Plantations among Smallholder Farmers: Toward Policy and Technological Efficiencies for Sustainable Socio-Economic Development in Southern Nigeria

This study is basically and centrally focused on the review of the extant literature in exploring the challenge of the under-utilization of natural fertile land for the cultivation and farming of different crops such as cocoa, palm tree, and cassava, which remain an important sector of the economy for sustainable socio-economic development in the southern part of Nigeria. The review of the cursory literature is necessary to bridge the gap in the existing body of knowledge, especially by addressing the less attention paid to exploring the non-oil sector of the economy such as cocoa, palm tree, and cassava as well as connecting policy and agro-technology to maximize agricultural productivity for the purpose of sustainable socio-economic development. The primary objective of this study is to explore cocoa, palm tree, and cassava plantations among smallholder farmers in order to enhance sustainable socio-economic development in the country. The methodology used in this study is a systematic literature review (SLR) cum content analysis (CA) of secondary sources or relevant literature whereby six themes were generated and analyzed. A consistent approach was used in order to establish exhaustive searching strategies and single-line search strategies such as using field codes and parentheses as part of a systematic literature review. The results indicated that smallholder farmers have been actively partaking in cocoa plantation, and the government has been supportive of them in this regard in order to achieve sustainable socio-economic development. In addition, agricultural transformation contributes to economic diversification through innovative policy and capacity building among cocoa, palm tree, and cassava farmers in the country, which culminates in improving the overall welfare of the smallholder farmers in attaining sustainable socio-economic development. In conclusion, it is noteworthy to say that giving support, especially cocoa, palm tree, and cassava seedlings, to smallholder farmers can be instrumental in bridging the vacuum created by poverty and unemployment which could be regarded as mechanisms for attaining sustainable development. The importance of the study was manifested in the practical aspect of giving concrete support to the smallholder farmers, and the innovativeness of the study is reflected in the advocacy for the efficiencies and effectiveness of agricultural policy and technology integration into the sector. It is therefore suggested that interventions of individual philanthropists, government, and international communities will boost the morale and resilience of the farmers toward enhancing cocoa, palm tree, and cassava production in order to enhance sustainable socio-economic development among smallholder farmers in particular and to maximize national economy growth in general.

A novel and dynamic land use/cover change research framework based on an improved PLUS model and a fuzzy multiobjective programming model

Spatial reconstruction and scenario simulation of historical processes and future trends of land use/cover change (LUCC) can help to reveal the historical background of land conversion and the spatial distribution of future land. Moreover, there is a close relationship between the spatiotemporal dynamics of land use/cover and changes in different ecosystem services (ESs). Using this relationship to simulate future land use scenarios is important. In this study, an LUCC dynamic analysis framework (LSTM-PLUS-FMOP) was constructed based on a deep learning time series forecasting model (LSTM), a parallelized urban land use simulation (PLUS) model and a fuzzy multiobjective programming (FMOP) model. The PLUS model was used to analyze the driving mechanism of land expansion and explore the land conversion pattern. In addition, three land conversion scenarios were established: natural land expansion (NLE), economic development priority (EDP) and regional sustainable development (RSD). The FMOP model and the relationship between LUCC and ES were used to perform a spatial simulation of land conversion. The uncertainty parameters in the model were treated by intuitionistic fuzzy numbers (IFSs). This study applied the constructed framework to the Yellow River Basin of Shaanxi Province (YRB-SX). The results showed that (1) from 2000 to 2020, the cropland area of the YRB-SX continuously decreased by 12.67 × 104 ha, while the built-up area continuously increased by 28.25 × 104 ha. The net reduction in woodland and grassland area was 13.90 × 104 ha. (2) The relative error range of land prediction using the LSTM model was 0.0003– 0.0042. This model had better accuracy than the Markov chain prediction model. (3) The cropland area decreased by 0.26% (NLE), 0.85% (EDP) and 1.68% (RSD) under the three scenarios. The built-up area increased by 25.01%, 32.76% and 14.72%, respectively. The RSD scenario followed the principles of ecological protection and spatial constraints, which mitigated the degradation of the ecosystem to some extent. This coupled simulation framework will help to obtain land allocation schemes that meet the requirements of ecological protection and provide solutions for rational land management.

Christian allegory on the northern frontier of New Spain: González de Eslava’s Coloquio quinto

ABSTRACT Fernán González de Eslava’s fifth Coloquio espiritual y sacramental is a Christian allegorical drama from New Spain of the 1570s. It concerns Spanish attempts to ‘pacify’ the Gran Chichimeca, a contested desert frontier to the north of the Valley of Mexico. The antagonist of this play is a Chichimeca warrior, who challenges military and missionary attempts to conquer and convert. González de Eslava’s allegory vilifies this nomadic native warrior, casting him as the very figure of sin. This piece portrays a fierce Indigenous alterity in order to justify Spanish incursions into native lands and promote a Christianizing agenda. Remarkably, the playwright portrays Chichimeca territory with reference to a major foundational narrative of central Mexican peoples. He invokes the storied trajectory of ancestral migrants who departed from legendary sites of origin in the north, and journeyed southward into the Mexican Basin, where they settled. However, the allegorical drama reconfigures this southward path, and in the place of a central Mexican foundational narrative, González de Eslava asserts a Christian narrative and symbolic system.

Hopeless Romantics: Australian Studies in Romanticism

ABSTRACT For most of the twentieth century, Romantic writers were largely ignored by serious Australian scholars even as they were celebrated and imitated outside the academy. This article tracks the belated emergence of Romanticism as a specialist field of study in Australia while providing what is often a counter-narrative about the broader reception of Romantic literature and ideology by the Australian public. In tracing these contrary yet entwined histories, the article shows how Romantic literature has been and remains implicated in the ongoing project of Australian colonization from 1788 to the present. It has been conscripted into the work of establishing a series of penal colonies on stolen Aboriginal land; of valorizing an English-speaking territorialization of that land; of shaping settler subjectivity; and of defining a national identity often vexed in its relationship to anglophone cultural centers. Exploring the ways in which the reception of Romantic culture is diffracted across various Australian sub-cultures, the essay arrives at the field as it exists today: at a critical Australian Romanticism that is, and needs to be, increasingly attentive to the history of the field and its investments in the settler-colonial state.

Embodying Homeland: Palestinian Grief and the Perseverance of Beauty in a Time of Genocide

In this essay, the authors theorize that Israel’s genocide of Palestinians teaches us that a central focus of colonialism is not simply to annex Native land and accumulate resources, but to also transmit anguish and grief into the bodies of the colonized and onto the landscape. Through an ongoing dialogue interwoven throughout the essay, the authors share their reflections on grief as holding liberatory potential in the face of the colonial weaponization of loss, conveying how they have come to understand Palestinian grief as a critical enactment of decolonial love in what they call the “perseverance of beauty.” Awartani, a survivor of a near-fatal attack against his body and life, speaks with coauthor Atallah about these layers of loss, rage, and anguish built into the settler-colonial project and the power of revolutionary grief as liberatory praxis.

Formation of patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education

The article actualizes the necessity of purposeful formation of patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education. The author presents an author's understanding of the essence of the concept of "patriotic values" as significant ideas about the Motherland, national interests and ideals formed by the public consciousness and recognized by a person, which are embodied in all spheres of the state's life and are expressed in a positive emotional attitude to the culture of the native land at the level of manifestation of a sense of involvement and love for it, devotion to it, pride and responsibility for it. Based on this and taking into account the context of the specifics of the professional activity of agrarians, it is determined that the core of their patriotic values is love for their native land. It is stated that in the context of the total immersion of modern students of agricultural specialties in the virtual world, there is an underestimation of the beauty and value of the native land, the importance of agricultural labor. In this regard, the essence of the category "native land" and its conceptual significance in the axiology of agrarian patriotism in terms of naturalistic, synergistic, anthropological, figurative and symbolic, mythological and esoteric semantics are revealed. Attention is focused on the opposition of the concepts of "own land" and "foreign land", which helps to clarify the axiological predicates of the attitude of farmers to their native land as an important factor in the formation of their patriotic feelings based on reverence for it. The content and expediency of using historiographical, artistic and aesthetic, folklore and other axiological and patriotic means of educating the value attitude and love for the native land in the process of professional training and in the extracurricular activities of agricultural students are substantiated. It is proved that involvement in local history work, realization of the educational potential of native language training, holding traditional folk festivals, collective creative activities related to the native land, peasant labor, economic customs and rituals, allows to form patriotic values of students of agricultural institutions of professional higher education in a comprehensive and effective manner

The Image of the Motherland in the Works of Xiao Hong (Based on the Material of the Novel “The Tale of the Hulan River”)

The relevance of the study is based on the interest of modern literary studies to the study of conceptual images of national literatures, formed by the basic universals of ethnic consciousness and found themselves in a situation of frontier coexistence and interethnic interaction. The study relies on biographical, cultural-historical and structural-semantic methods in analyzing Xiao Hong’s texts. The author uses cultural-historical, biographical, translation and immanent analysis methods. The author concludes that the image of homeland in Xiao Hong’s works is conditioned by the influence of the writer’s childhood impressions, her memories of her small homeland – the town of Hulani, as well as by Xiao Hong’s innovative desire to capture the heritage of the feudal past in the minds of ordinary people of the Northeast. Intuitively finding ways of socio-cultural and socio-psychological analysis, Xiao Hong meticulously recreates the unsightly aspects of life of the Chinese of the early 20th century, living in the captivity of traditional feudal orders and ideas. But the subject organization of the narrative – lyricization coupled with autobiography – explicates the basic ethnic notions that determine the Chinese attitude to their homeland and native land. “Hulan” is the first ethnographic and at the same time deeply patriotic work of the Chinese writer, who revolutionized the artistic thinking of China in the first half of the 20th century.

ЛІДІЯ КОРДЮМ-ОСТРОВСЬКА: МАТЕРІАЛИ ДЛЯ ТВОРЧОЇ БІОГРАФІЇ

The article is devoted to the creative biography of the Ukrainian actress, film director Lidia Mykolaivna Ostrovska. She began her creative career at the end of the 1920s, when she got the main role in the film «Dzhalma» directed by Arnold Kordium. The next films directed by Arnold Kordium, in which Lidia Ostrovska starred in the main roles, were «Wind from the thresholds», «Mirabo» and «The last port». They added popularity to the actress. In addition to films directed by A. Kordium, L. Ostrovska starred in films directed by Kostiantyn Bolotov and Pavlo Dolyna. From 1944 to 1981, Lidia Ostrovska worked as a director at the Kyiv Film Studio of Popular Science Films. Here she started shooting her first own films. Over the years, Lidia Ostrovska has shot more than 50 documentaries, was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, received numerous awards, including international ones, at film festivals. She wrote film scripts, filmed documentaries about art and Ukrainian culture. In 1954, her film «Taras Shevchenko – Artist» was released. This tape marked the beginning of the trilogy about Kobzar. Over time, she created two more films: «Thoughts of Kobzar» (1961) and the full-length film «Tales about Shevchenko» (1963). At the Kyiv Film Studio of Popular Science Films, Lidia Ostrovska created a series of tapes called «Life of Prominent People on the Screen». Ostrovska was a recognized director in the world of scientific cinema. In the 1970s, her films were devoted to the eternal mystery of life – the topic of biology. If earlier she made films about the picturesqueness of her native land, now the content of her films were biological problems, science, observations and scientific paradoxes. Lidia Ostrovska’s films were successfully shown throughout the Soviet Union and abroad, participated in many international festivals, where they received honorary awards. Lidia Mykolaivna Ostrovska took a worthy place among the artists of popular science cinema. Her dedication to her favorite work, imaginative vision, ability to masterfully embody her ideas on the screen, unceasing work until the last days won the recognition of the audience and critics.

ДІЯЛЬНІСТЬ БОРИСА ГМИРІ ПІД ЧАС ДРУГОЇ СВІТОВОЇ ВІЙНИ

The work’s aim is to highlight Boris Romanovych Hmyria’s life during the Second World War. The methodological basis of the work are the principles of historicism, objectivity and systematicity. The article is based on philosophical and special scientific methods of the socio-humanitarian sphere of scientific knowledge. The scientific novelty consists in the study of the activities of B. Hmyria during the Second World War. The singer's biography of 1939-1945 is recreated, and important events that happened in his life at that time and in the post-war period are determined. Conclusions. The life of Boris Romanovych Hmyria during the Second World War can be divided into three stages: before the Nazi occupation (1.09.1939–22.10.1941), during the Nazi occupation (24.10.1941–25.03.1944) and after the Nazi occupation (25.03.1944–2.09.1945). All three stages and post-war life unite performances on stage, improvement of creative potential, and love of the public. But there are peculiarities. At the beginning of the war, B. Hmyria’s career was beginning and was successful, as evidenced by the award of Honored Artist of the Ukrainian SSR in 1941. The second stage is marked by the fact that the singer was a civilian prisoner (as told to him by the head of the Poltava Opera Z. Wolfer) and was forced to perform where he was ordered. This period negatively affected the future life of the man. After the liberation of Ukraine from the German occupiers, the attitude of some of the colleagues towards Boris Romanovych was negative. Despite the support of the Soviet government and the boundless love of the public, persecution in the theatre led to the premature death of the artist. It should be noted that the biography of B. Hmyria was typical for actors who survived the Nazi occupation, and differed only in that he did not survive the arrest and prison term, like many others. He had the opportunity to emigrate to the West, but his boundless love for Ukraine forced him to stay in his native land.

Підготовка вчителів географії в закладах вищої освіти України

Conducting tourism and local history activities is directly related to the work of geography teachers. It is the geography teachers who teach the peculiarities of spatial processes and environmental phenomena, instill in schoolchildren a sense of love and respect for their own country and its people, in particular, for their native land. Today in Ukraine, dozens of higher education institutions train future geography teachers, but not all of them have tourism and local history activities. High-quality training of geography teachers was, is and will always be relevant, because this is the field of education, and education is the basis of a successful future of the country.

"ГОРЕЛИ СЕЛА И ГОРОДА": РОССИЙСКОЕ БЕЖЕНСТВО ПЕРВОЙ МИРОВОЙ ВОЙНЫ В ВОСПОМИНАНИЯХ ОЧЕВИДЦА

The events of the First World War affected millions of the civilians in the Western territories of the Russian Empire, who, unlike the residents of the interior of the country, had to leave their native lands, as it turned out, for many years to come, fleeing from the offensive of the enemy army. The whole drama of the mass exodus of the civilians unfolded in the summer and autumn of 1915 at the stage of a long and tedious horse-drawn movement of the refugees to railway stations. Reliability and completeness of coverage of the evacuation in 1915 of the multimillion cohorts of the refugees is impossible without using the memoirs of the refugees themselves, as well as of the events’ eyewitnesses directly involved in the evacuation and assistance to the refugees. The article examines the reminiscences of a native of the Grodno province, T.M. Trakhimyuk, who was born in 1899. In his memoirs, he describes in great detail the entire process of the evacuation to the remote regions of the Empire; he also depicts all other stages of his family’s 7-year displacement: the everyday life routine in a temporary accommodation in the Saratov province, the Bolsheviks’ rise to power and the bloody Civil War in which he took part on the side of the Reds, demobilization and return to his native village, his homeland, in August 1922. The special attention of the author of the article was drawn to that part of the memoirs, which contributed to the disclosure of the reason why T.M. Trakhimyuk had participated in the Civil War on the side of the Reds under the slogan “Death – to the bourgeoisie, all power – to the Soviets”. Because, the refugees, judging by their own reminiscences, tried in general and en masse to avoid participation in the Civil War, to say nothing of the voluntary participation. T.M. Trakhimyuk’s return to his homeland after demobilization is indicative in the sense that the land owned by a peasant has always been a supreme value.

Double Surnames among Circassians in Homeland and Diaspora Communities: A Comparative Study

The study comparatively examines the extralinguistic factors influencing the prevalence of double surnames among Circassians residing in their ancestral territory and within the Turkish diaspora. Drawing from scholarly literature on Adyghe anthroponymy, as well as fieldwork conducted by the author between 2019 and 2022 in the Turkish city of Kayseri and surrounding villages inhabited by a dense Circassian population, the research explores the phenomenon of double surnames, defined as the simultaneous or consecutive use of two surnames within a single family or clan. The author contends that while the evolution of double Circassian surnames is rooted in historical narratives transmitted across generations, the rationales behind their emergence differ between the homeland and the Turkish diaspora. In their native land, secondary surnames typically arise from commonplace or social occurrences (such as family incidents, redemption from captors, or the acquisition of surnames from noble or affluent families). Conversely, in Turkey, the adoption of parallel surnames among Circassian families is exclusively linked to state policies aimed at integrating and assimilating immigrants into the Turkic milieu.

Human and non-human: The duality of diaspora in amitav ghosh's gun Island

‘Diaspora' is a term that has undergone transformation throughout history. In its original sense, it referred to the Jewish population residing outside of their native land in Palestine. In its current usage, it encompasses any dispersion of people or linguistic and cultural phenomena originating from a localized source. The transnational narrative of Gun Island parallels the dispersion of both human and non-human animals caused by human-induced climate change. Humans migrate for various reasons, including environmental factors and economic opportunities, while non-human animals migrate solely due to pervasive climate change in the Anthropocene. This study argues that the novel invites readers to rethink the global perspective of diaspora from a more inclusive and ecological standpoint, recognizing that nonhuman animals also exhibit some features common to human diaspora groups. Examples include displacement from original habitats, encountering challenges in new environments, and bearing cultural or ecological relevance for source regions.

ПЕРВЫЕ ПОСЛЕРЕВОЛЮЦИОННЫЕ ГОДЫ В НИЖЕГОРОДСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ: ВЛАСТЬ, АРХИВЫ И АРХИВИСТЫ (1919-1924 ГГ.)

The article considers the initial stage of formation and establishment of the state archival service in the Nizhny Novgorod province from the moment of creation in the region of the post of a provincial commissioner of the General Archives Department and appointment to it of Alexander Yakovlevich Sadovsky, chairman of the Nizhny Novgorod Provincial Scientific Archival Commission. Sadovsky held that position until the beginning of 1924, when the service was headed by Nikolai Semenovich Burmistrov, far from archival work, but ambitious and energetic. The first archivists had to organize their work in very difficult conditions: the lack of suitable, heated, guarded premises, which made it possible to fully work only in the warm season; frequent looting of archives caused by a deficiency and high cost of paper, often accompanied by fires; extremely low salaries and constant delays in payments, meager rations, household disorder and, as a result, “personnel defections”; the unwillingness of newly created Soviet institutions to cooperate with archives and transfer departmental archives of former institutions to state custody, and many other reasons. However, despite everything, Nizhny Novgorod archivists managed to ensure the preservation of the historical and documentary heritage of their native land and create favorable conditions for the formation and further development of the branch.

The experience of foreignness in The Double Book by Dimitris Hatzis

Dimitris Hatzis’ novel, The Double Book (1976), a work of migrant literature, is an interweave of paradigmatic stories of Greeks who emigrate and reshape their identity, after leaving behind their life in their native land. The experience of foreignness is experienced both by characters in the book who consciously choose to uproot themselves from their homeland and struggle to adapt to the unfamiliar cultural environments of foreign lands, while battling against nostalgia, alienation and loneliness, and also by others who are forced to leave their provincial birthplace and end up feeling alien to themselves. The present study attempts to view these stories as the axes of a modern narrative about the “romeiko” and its lost generations, which presents different but equally painful experiences of expatriation and the aspects of the hard struggle for survival in an unwelcoming land. Taking into account postmodern theoretical approaches to migrant writing which describe it as “writing between the two” (“écriture de l’entre-deux”), it examines both the nostalgic recollections of a fragmented individual and collective memory of the recent or distant past, linked to the longing to return, and the ideological and ontological problems created by experiencing “déterritorialisation” and a sense of not belonging (“désappartenance”). The study also contemplates the marginal psychological states that arise during the process of acculturation, which are caused by difficulties in communication or by the subjective and national identity crisis of the immigrants. Nevertheless, hope of an interdependent multi-ethnic world emerges at the end of the novel, and gives rise to a humanist reflection on the need to form intercultural consciences and open “rhizomatic identities” (“identités rhizomatiques”) in contemporary multicultural communities.

Education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in the context of the formation of the socio-cultural world of a preschool child

Today's realities require the development of effective methods and systems for raising a valuable attitude to the Motherland in preschoolers. Ukrainian society united for the sake of peace, freedom, independence. Our people showed a high national consciousness, love for their native land, the Motherland, showed a high level of patriotism. National education, as an important factor in ensuring state policy regarding national and cultural values, should focus considerable attention on the education of national and patriotic feelings of the younger generation. The analysis of psychological and pedagogical literature showed that fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland is an urgent problem of modern education, since a democratic, independent state needs citizens with a strong national position, a sense of dignity and responsibility for the future of the native people. In this context, great importance is attached to folk pedagogy as a source of inexhaustible energy of folk wisdom, dignity, indomitability, strength. Purpose. Theoretically substantiate a harmonious system of education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in preschoolers by means of folk pedagogy. The article discusses the topical issue of the importance of fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland, which is determined by development trends and the realities of modern society. The author emphasizes the need to form worldview positions of a growing personality by means of folk pedagogy, active involvement of preschool children in the values of our society. Methods. Literature analysis, analogy, induction and deduction, questionnaire. Results. The theoretical aspects of fostering a valuable attitude to the Motherland are analyzed, the need to be based on national and universal values, traditions, culture, and the long-term heritage of folk pedagogy is emphasized. The modern trends of preschool education, which are based on the implementation of innovative technologies and integrated approaches to the formation and development of the child's personality, are characterized, the importance of relying on national culture, the values of folk pedagogy and ethnopedagogy of the native people is emphasized. According to the results of the theoretical analysis, we determined that folk pedagogy is the golden fund of scientific pedagogy, however, priority is given to folk education, which unites character, psychological features, mentality, traditional family culture. Therefore, it is expedient to define the peculiarities of the education of a valuable attitude towards the Motherland in preschool children: - the innate nature of national feelings, which is embedded in the child's psyche at the genetic level and is revealed subconsciously in each individual; - national feelings are most clearly manifested and organically formed in preschool age. Summarizing the results of scientific research on the education of a valuable attitude to the Motherland in the context of the formation of the socio-cultural world of a preschool child, it is appropriate to pay attention to the clarified conceptual meaning of the phenomenon under study. We define a valuable attitude to the Motherland as an active orientation of the individual to the national identity of the surrounding environment, which is due to the mastery of national and cultural values and the ability to implement national and cultural values in one's own activities and life. Originality. The novelty of the work consists in substantiating the main trend of national-patriotic education, which is based on the formation of a valuable attitude of the individual to his people, their culture, traditions, and values. National identity is formed under the influence of purposeful education by means of folk pedagogy and is based on state and national values. Conclusion. Value attitude is the subject's position in the system of social and cultural relations, which characterize the needs of the individual, his interests and ideals. Valuable attitude reveals the desire of the individual, it is always emotionally colored and has a meaningful connection of the individual with the objects of the surrounding world

«Обнимаю тебя братски, дружески…» (письма А.А. Плещеева к В.А. Жуковскому, 1809–1814)

The article is the first complete publication of the letters of Alexander Pleshcheyev (composer, poet, playwright, member of the Arzamas Society) to Vasily Zhukovsky for 1809–1814. During this period, Pleshcheyev was one of the closest poet’s friends, aware of all his personal and creative affairs. The lack of Zhukovsky’s letters to him, lost in the later fire of the estate house in Bolshaya Chern, makes Pleshcheyev’s letters the most valuable source of Zhukovsky’s scientific biography of the early period (before he departed from his native lands). In 1809–1814, Zhukovsky spent a lot of time on the road, leaving and returning to Muratovo, where his love for Maria Protasova attracted him. The article presents Pleshcheyev and his wife, Anna Ivanovna, as the most active participants in the unsuccessful attempts to arrange a desirable marriage for Zhukovsky and Maria. It is worth noting that Pleshcheyev’s letters help publishers of the poet’s epistolary to solve the most complicated issues related to these movements and his relationships with relatives and friends. Also, these Alexander Pleshcheyev’s letters contain pivotal dates for determining the time of the creation of Zhukovsky’s “home” humorous poems, which have conditional dating in some printed publications. The letters containing messages and postscripts by V.I. Gubarev, S. Moreau de la Meltier, O.P. Bouquillon, and others give a comprehensive idea of the life of the hospitable Pleshcheyev house.

CAUSES OF DEGRADATION OF NATURAL PASTURES IN THE ZHAMBYL REGION AND THEIR RESTORATION

The article presents data obtained during study conducted in the context of the vertical (altitudinal) zonation of soils in the southeastern part of Kazakhstan, aimed at studying the causes of pasture degradation. The technologies for their restoration in specific project areas are also outlined. Natural forage lands are the basis of nutrition for animal husbandry. A study of the current state of the food supply in our country shows that up to 80% of the animal feed ration is pasture forage. More than 64% of the area of Kazakhstan is occupied by pasture lands. Pasture forage is a plant resource that is renewed annually, and its potential productivity is about 22-26 million tons of feed units. Nevertheless, it should be noted that the consumer attitude of users to these natural resources has a negative impact on their nutritional value. Yields decrease, the composition of the grass layer and the quality of the forage change, and the areas become overgrown with inedible and poisonous plants. During the study, water and physical parameters of the soil, agrochemical analysis of the soil, measurement of the projective cover of plants and weighing of the pasture mass of grass, determination of the forage nutritional value (chemical composition) were carried out. Taking into account the seasonal yield of natural grass, the increase in live weight of animals during the grazing period and economic efficiency were determined. In the course of the ongoing work, conditions have being created for the restoration of degraded pastures in the Zhambyl region. The growth and development of the green cover increases by 14-17%, and livestock production rises by 11% due to rational grazing practices.

Assessment of Land Use changes and its impact on environment in the least populous district of Haryana through Remote Sensing methods (2001-2021)

In today’s world, almost every accessible piece of land today is being utilized for some or the other purpose directly affecting human needs. Not only is the land being used intensively, but is also evolving and changing with time. The rapid and intensive changes in land use and land cover (LULC) have created the need to quantify these changes in numbers and maps, so that we can understand this information to the best use possible. Thus, this paper aims to examine Panchkula district focusing upon the relationship of land use land cover (LULC) and the consequent changes in environment. Three annual LULC maps (2001, 2011 and 2021) were prepared with the help of satellite images. The change detection showed that built-up area has increased by approximately 268% in two decades with a total area of 10261.9 ha area in 2021, thus indicating that water bodies and barren land were converted into settlement for managing the population across the district and introducing infrastructure for the same. However, the forest and river bed area has increased by 19 % and 78.02 % respectively, while agricultural land was noticed to be increased by 55.62 % with a significant increase during 2001-11 and a slight decrease after 2011. The open scrub land has increased by 56 %. Thus, the present study can help with identifying areas experiencing significant changes in ecosystems and natural resources in the district. It can also provide valuable insights into the expansion of urban areas, changes in infrastructure and the encroachment on natural and agricultural lands, thereby contributing to urban planners to understand urban growth patterns, assess the impacts and make informed decisions regarding land zoning, infrastructure development and resource allocations.

ЛАНДШАФТНО-ТИПОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ КЛАССИФИКАЦИЯ ПАСТБИЩНЫХ ЛАНДШАФТОВ ЗАПАДНО-КАЗАХСТАНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ РЕСПУБЛИКИ КАЗАХСТАН

Studying the floristic composition and dynamics of vegetation in pasture landscapes is of great importance. Pasture landscapes serve as a resource for livestock development, where processes of overgrazing and undergrazing, depletion of their flora, and reduced productivity of phytocenoses are currently observed. Studying the plant communities of pasture landscapes is relevant because assessing the condition of pasture landscapes and developing land management and ameliorative measures for them contribute to increasing their productivity and preserving landscapes as a whole. The natural fodder lands of the western part of the territory of the Zhanibek and Kaztal districts of the West Kazakhstan region served as the object of the study. The current state of natural pastures and hayfields has been studied, and a landscape-typological classification of pasture landscapes of the research objects has been compiled. Materials from geobotanical surveys have been analyzed. A modern landscape-typological classification of pasture landscapes has been developed, which combines 2 classes of pastures (semi-desert-steppe pastures on light-chestnut and saline soils and steppe pastures on chestnut soils), 4 subclasses of pastures (plain-flat, slightly inclined plane, slightly inclined plane with slightly dissected gully networks, gully-flat), and 14 groups of pasture landscapes, each with a brief description. Within the research objects, 14 groups of pasture landscapes have been identified with descriptions of characteristic plant communities and predominant soils. Natural pasture landscapes have been studied using field and satellite methods. It is recommended to use them as summer-autumn-spring pastures for coarse-haired and fine-haired sheep breeds, large horned cattle, horses, and saigas, and as winter pastures for horses and saigas.