Abnormal Seminal Fluid Research Articles

Correlation between reproductive hormones levels and semen quality in patients with diabetes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is rarely sought among infertile patients due to a lack of studies and inconsistency regarding its impact on semen quality. This cross-sectional study aimed to determine the influence of T2DM on the pituitary gland hormones (FSH and LH) in males. A total of 60 participants participated in this study, of which 35 were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, and 25 were without diabetes. Fasting blood sugar, HbA1c, LH, FSH, TT, E2, and prolactin were tested. Diabetic men had lower serum LH, FSH, and TT levels than non-diabetics and higher prolactin and E2 levels. According to the semen examination, including sperm count, PH, motility, and morphology, diabetic patients had considerably lower sperm counts, motility, and morphology than non-diabetic patients. In conclusion, the decrease in the concentration of reproductive hormones in diabetic patients leads to sexual weakness, resulting in abnormal seminal fluid parameters, which are below the normal levels than in apparently healthy persons.

Pattern Of Seminal Fluid Parameters And Their Clinical Correlates Amongst Infertile Men In The Niger-Delta Region Of Nigeria

Background: Infertility is a foremost reproductive health problem globally, with sub-Saharan Africa nations most affected. The male contributions to this burden have not been properly documented in this environmentMethods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in Central Hospital Benin City, involving 355 male partners of women with infertility. Specific clinical information was extracted and two semen analyses were conducted two weeks apart.Results: The mean duration of infertility was 4.5 years (SD 2.17), and secondary infertility was the commonest (82.3%). Over half (59.7%) were of low socioeconomic status. Over two-thirds (66.5%) had seminal fluid abnormality; and Oligospermia was thecommonest (22.8%). About two-fifth took alcohol regularly (43.9%), had previous history of urethral discharge (39.4%), or of testicular pain (42.8%). About One-fifth had a past history of mumps-orchitis (20.3%), or smoked cigarette (22.3%). Less than a tenth had varicocele (8.8%), or undescended testes (8.5%); while more than one-tenth reported use of Cimetidine (12.4%), herniorrhaphy (14.7%), scrotal surgery (15.8%), or sexual dysfunction (14.6%). There were significantly more participants with sexual dysfunction, herniorrhaphy, scrotal surgery, undescended testes; mumps orchitis; testicular pains; varicocele; history of purulent urethral discharge; tobacco smoking; alcohol consumption; and use of Cimetidine who have abnormal seminal fluid parameters. However on multivariate logistic regression analysis, history of urethral discharge, undescended testes, and Cimetidine use had negativecorrelation with abnormal semen parameters.Conclusion: The prevalence of male factor infertility in our setting was high with significant association between male infertility and wide range of clinical and psychosocial problems.

Relationship Between Post-Pubertal Mumps Infection In Males With Infertilityand Its Effect on The Result of Seminal Fluid Analysis and Occurrence of Immunological Infertility

Background: Mumps caused by paramyxovirus in the same group as parainfluenza and Newcastle disease virus, orchitis is the widely recognized complication in post-pubertal males. Approximately 50% of patients with orchitis have some degree of testicular atrophy, but sterility is rare. Objective: To demonstrate the effect of the post-pubertal mumps infection on the result of seminal fluid analysis and to know if infection by mumps after puberty can lead to immunological infertility and production of anti-sperm antibodies. Patients and Methods: Cross-sectional study in which 300 infertile males attending microbiology laboratory in Rizgary teaching hospital in Erbil city in Iraqi Kurdistan from November 2017- September 2018. Questionnaire was prepared for each male which included: name, age, occupation, history of mumps infection after puberty. Seminal fluid collected from each patient after 3 days of abstinence and analyzed according to WHO guidelines. Seminal fluid and serum obtained from each infertile male for the detection of anti-sperm antibodies by ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). Results: The mean age of the participant in the study was (32.805 year) with the maximum and minimum age was (50, 18) years respectively. The incidence of post-pubertal mumps was (13.3%) and the incidence of abnormal seminal fluid analysis was (10%) and the highest abnormal seminal fluid variables among infertile males with post-pubertal mumps was oligoasthenozoospermia (43%) and the anti-sperm antibodies in the semen of infertile males with post-pubertal mumps infection was (60%) while the frequency of anti-sperm antibodies in the serum in infertile males with a history of post-pubertal mumps was (40%) which was higher than those with no history of post-pubertal mumps with highly significant relation statistically. Conclusion: Abnormal seminal fluid analysis result may be due to post-pubertal mumps and it can lead to (Asthenozoospermia, Oligospermia, and Teratozoospermia). The highest percentage of abnormal seminal fluid variables was Oligoasthenozoospermia the occurrence of anti-sperm antibodies can be the sequence of post-pubertal mumps and by itself can lead to abnormality in the seminal fluid analysis. Mumps can lead to male infertility by affecting the seminal fluid parameters and also by the production of anti-sperm antibodies which can lead to subfertility in adult males. Keywords: Paramyxovirus, post-pubertal mumps, anti-sperm antibodies

Assessing the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus in infertile male patients in Tabriz, northwest Iran

Staphylococcus aureus is an infrequent, but one of the most successful bacteria that associated with infertility and are able to spermatozoa immobilization and agglutination. The aim of present study was to determine the frequency of S. aureus in semen obtained from infertile male patients in northwest Iran. Seminal fluids of 100 infertile men were evaluated. Standard semen examination was done according to World Health Organization guidelines. After isolation and identification of S. aureus isolates according to reference methods, determination of susceptibility against important antibiotics and polymerase chain reaction were performed to identify mecA and tst genes. Data obtained from the present study shows that 16% of infertile male patients were colonized by S. aureus. Ten (62.5%) of the individuals had abnormal seminal fluid sperm motility and morphology and three (18.8%) of them had an abnormal seminal fluid density, whereas after washing with albumin-saline declined to 5 (31.3%), 4 (25%) and 1 (6.3%), respectively. The antibiogram results showed that, except penicillin, other antibiotics have high activity on isolates. Regarding polymerase chain reaction results, mecA sequences were detected in 3 (18.7%) strains, whilst the tst gene encoding TSST-1 was not detected in any of clinical strains. It would appear that the S. aureus may be an additional negative factor worsening sperm quality and affecting male fertility. Therefore, it demands that all the patients attending in infertility treatment facilities be investigated thoroughly.

Patterns of infertility among couples attending IVF center in maternity teaching hospital in Erbil

Background and objective: An understanding of certain socio demographic, clinical characters and causes of infertility among couples is important for improving management of this problem. This study aimed to assess the clinico-epidemiological pattern of infertile couples and to find out the association of infertility with various socio-demographic characteristics of infertile couples. Methods: This is a case record review study carried out from March 2013 through April 2014. It comprised a retrospective review of a convenience sample of 1158 medical records of infertile couples attending the infertility center in Maternity hospital in Erbil city. Data collected; based on secondary data that was obtained from infertile couples medical records from the center. The medical records included socio-demographic characteristics of couples, data about the gynecological, surgical and medical history of wives and medical and surgical history of husbands. In-depth analyses of the data obtained from files were done by using SPSS version 19. Results: Of the 1158 infertile couples, 727 (63%) had primary, and 431 (37%) had secondary infertility. The age range of wives was 15-48 years with mean ± SD of 31.25 ± 7.0 years and age range of husbands was 17-71 years with mean ± SD of 35.28 ± 8.0 years. The duration of infertility ranged between 1-27 years with mean ± SD of 6.2 ± 4.8 years. The proportion of primary infertility was significantly higher (91.5%) among women less than 20 years of age, while secondary infertility was higher (48%) among those aged 40 years and more. Female causes accounted for 32%, male causes account for 26%, combined cause 18% and 24% of them had unknown causes for infertility. Abnormal seminal fluid analysis parameter was significantly observed among primary infertile husband. Among wives, the infertility factors were the menstrual disorder, miscarriage and hormonal disorder. Conclusion: Primary infertility was more prevalent among the study sample. Infertility was significantly associated with age, occupation and history of previous marriage among wives

Evaluation the Effect of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Semen Quality of Infertile Men with Varicocele.

Objective: The study was designed to evaluation of effect Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor in seminal plasma to semen quality in infertile men with varicocele. Methods: A descriptive correlation study was conducted in specialized infertility center / teaching AL-Sadder medical city in Najaf city from first of April 2014 to the first of June 2014.Sample was selected that consisted of (75) infertile men with varicocele, and (25) healthy subject as control, their age between (20-40) years old. A questionnaire format and observational checklist were used which including marriage period, excluding from chronic disease like diabetic, cancer, sexual transmitted disease. The data were collected through the utilization of questionnaire and the structure interview technique with varicocele patients. Data was analyzed by using T-test and Z-test Results: The result of the study sample have revealed that 42% from all subjects has elevated Interleukin-6 concentration in seminal plasma ,and also the elevation Interleukin-6 level in seminal plasma has inversely correlation R = -0.58 with decreased in sperm motility ,also has inversely correlation R = -0.30 with low sperm count. From other hand 41% from all subjects has elevated Tumor necrosis factor levels in seminal plasma ,and also the elevation Tumor necrosis factor concentration in seminal plasma has inversely correlation R = -0.17 with decreased in sperm motility ,also has inversely correlation R = -0.25 with low sperm count. Conclusions: They study concluded there was a significant difference between elevation of Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor levels in seminal plasma in infertile men with varicocele, and they study concluded there was a significant correlation between increased levels of Interleukin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor in seminal plasma with reduce sperm count and motility . Recommendations: the study recommended that: Varicocele examination and diagnosis should be done to all infertile male. Varicocele patients with abnormal seminal fluid examination should be estimated concentration of Interluekin-6 and Tumor necrosis factor in seminal plasma

Study of seminal fluid parameters and fertility of male sickle-cell disease patients and potential impact of hydroxyurea treatment

Context: Male sickle-cell disease (SCD) patients often have moderate to severe hypogonadism resulting in abnormal seminal fluid parameters. Hydroxyurea (HU) used in SCD patients has been found to further aggravate the testicular dysfunction. Aims: To study the seminal fluid parameters and fertility of male SCD patients and to evaluate the potential impact of HU treatment on the above factors. Settings and Design: This was a prospective study of 100 male SCD patients of age group 18 to 45 years. Materials and Methods: Seminal fluid analysis was done before starting low dose of HU (10 mg/kg/day) and every 3 months after initiation of HU. Patients with abnormal seminal parameters before HU therapy were not given HU therapy. In SCD patients with HU therapy, who developed abnormal seminal fluid parameters, HU was stopped for 3 months and seminal fluid parameters were re-evaluated. Results: Among SCD patients without HU therapy, nine (18%) patients developed oligospermia and two (4%) developed azoospermia. Among SCD patients with HU therapy, 10 (20%) patients developed oligospermia and five (10%) developed azoospermia. Seminal fluid parameters reverted to normal after stoppage of HU for 3 months in 73% of patients. Conclusions: Alteration of sperm parameters is seen in a significant number of SCD patients. Also, alterations of seminal fluid parameters are exacerbated by HU treatment even with low dose.

Association of Some Socio-Dermographic Factors with Seminal Fluid Parameters in Ilorin, Nigeria: A Cross Sectional Study

Several factors affect seminal fluid indices, these factors impair male fertility either by exerting a gonadotoxic effect on the testicles, altering hypo-thalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, impairing ejaculation and erectile function or by decreasing libido. The Study aim to assess the effects of some adverse socio-dermographic factors on seminal parameters of infertile couples. Three hundred and nine (309) male partners of infertile couples were recruited from five different fertility centers in Ilorin, Kwara state Nigeria using multi-stage sampling technique. Those with abnormal seminal fluid indices represented the study arm while those with normal semen indices represented the control arm for the study. Seminal fluid analysis was conducted on each participant and compared with World Health Organization reference for normal semen parameters. The results showed that male partners of infertile couples with abnormal seminal fluid indices had increased pattern of risky sexual behavior, with more numbers of both current sexual partners and life-time sexual partners, in addition to history of alcohol intake and cigarette smoking. (All P < 0.05). However, no statistical significant association was obtained with the amount of alcohol use, number of cigarette smoked and the use of native medication. Risky sexual behaviours, alcohol intake and cigarette smoking still remain important risk factors for abnormal seminal fluid indices. Thus, it is important to re-educate and enlighten the populace on the risk posed by these adverse social factors.

Biochemical and Microbiological Studies of the Semen, Mouth swab and Serum of infertile Nigeria Male (LB232)

There is an increase in male infertility in Nigeria mostly due to abnormal seminal fluid which may be found in up to 60% of infertile male, resulting in a multi‐ factorial health related issues.This research evaluates the relationship between oral health and infertility in Nigeria men.A total of 43 men were recruited, grouped into 30 infertile men and 13 controls; aged 30 to 50 years, bio data and health related information were collected. Microbial spectrum of seminal and mouth swab was analysed, the following biochemical parameters: lipid profile, testosterone, prolactin, LH and FSH were analysed using serum samples.The average semen volume, concentration and motility of infertile group was significantly lower than the normal group, with a corresponding increase in abnormal spermatozoa morphology of the test group compared to the control (p&lt;0.05).The spectra of bacteria revealed Staphylococcus aureus as the most common bacteria isolate in both the semen culture and the mouth swab of infertile candidates. The level of Testosterone was significantly decreased in the infertile men (Test) group, while the levels of Prolactin, FSH and LH were significantly increased. HDL showed a significant decrease in the test group compared to the control; however there is no significant difference in Creatinine and Urea level of both groups.The results did not confirm any mouth infection that has a direct correlation to infertility status of men; however, there is an increase in seminal fluid infections with decreasing sperm concentration, volume, motility and morphology. Hence, there is no direct association between mouth infection and male infertility.

Prevalence of Antisperm Antibodies in Asthenospermic Infertile Male

Recently there has been a lot of discussion about the role that the immune system plays in infertility. The immune system generally works to protect the body from foreign cells and bacteria. Sometimes though problems within the immune system prevent it from working. Many couples facing infertility issues may actually have immune system dysfunction which is preventing them from conceiving .luckily new. tests are now available to pinpoint these immune factors in infertility properly. prospective study was carried out in the infertility clinic of Azadi teaching hospital in Kirkuk city from January 2007 to January 2009.The study included 155 male with primary or secondary infertility with abnormal seminal fluid analysis specifically decreased motility of the sperms (asthenospermia), their ages ranged from(18-55)years. The entire patients included in the study have been proved to be infertile as they fail to conceive after a year of regular intercourse without contraception. All patients were subjected to a special questionnaire used for analytical purposes; both blood and the seminal fluid samples of all were examined for presence of antisperm antibodies. the study showed that 75 patients (48.4%) out of 155 patients showed a positive antisperm antibody (ASA ) which is statistically significance (P value 0.04), 55 patients (73.3% ) from those with positive results showed ASA in their serum, while 20 patients (26.6%) of them showed ASA in their seminal fluids which showed is also statistically significance (P value 0.03) in conclusion the study shows that an antisperm antibody has an impact on asthenospermia and infertility.

Seminal Fluid Indices Of Male Partners Of Infertile Couples In Uyo, Nigeria

This retrospective study analyzes the seminal fluid indices of 633 male partners of infertile couples at the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital over a four year period. All the laboratory records on seminal fluid analysis between 1st January 2003 and 31st December 2006 were reviewed. The seminal fluid characteristics of the patients were determined and the abnormalities classified according to the World health organisation guidelines. Five hundred (79.0%) of the men had abnormal seminal fluid parameters. About 56.0% of the subjects were asthenozoospermic, 38.9% were oligozoospermic, 2.8% had teratozoospermia while 7.0% had azoospermia. The significant contribution of the male factor to infertility in our environment is highlighted. The need for the encouragement of male partners of infertile couples to avail themselves for proper infertility evaluation and the advantages of early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in men is stressed. KEY WORDS: Male infertility, seminal fluid indices, Uyo

Androgensubstitution bei andrologischen Krankheitsbildern

Androgen deficiency is due to an insufficient synthesis of testosterone by the Leydig cells. This is either caused by a primary defect (primary hypoandrogenism) or by an inadequate hypophyseal stimulation (secondary hypoandrogenism). The clinical symptoms may include a late puberty, diminished terminal hairs, small testes, sexual impotence, and abnormal seminal fluid, but none of these conditions as an unique sign allows the diagnosis. This is achieved by low testosterone plasma levels (or low urinary excretion). The primary hypoandrogenism is additionally characterized by high gonadotropin levels, while the secondary form shows low FSH and LH. Hormone substitution is done with hCG and hMG in secondary hypoandrogenism only when fertility is aspired. In all other cases and in primary hypoandrogenism testosterone is given, either as oral form (testosterone undecaonate) or as depot injection (testosterone enanthate). Synthetic derivates like methyltestosterone are hazardous (hepatomas) or, like mesterolone, are too weak in their androgenic effect.

Randomized Blind Controlled Study of the Incidence of Seminal Antispern Antibodies in Male with Primary Infertility in Kirkuk Governorate

This is a randomized blind controlled prospective study included 123 males with primary infertility referred from private clinics from May 2004 to May 2005. ELISA was used to detect the antisperm antibodies in the seminal fluid of infertile males (60 patients with normal seminal fluid analysis and 63 patients with abnormal seminal fluid analysis). It was found that there was no significant difference in the incidence of antisperm antibodies between infertile males with normal seminal fluid analysis (10%) and those with abnormal seminal fluid analysis (%15.8) p&gt;0.05, but most of infertile males with abnormal seminal fluid analysis (8 out of 10) their antibody titre was within high level (100-115) U/ml, while 5 out of 6 infertile patients with normal seminal fluid analysis, their antibody titre was with low level (60-75) years in both groups (infertile patients with normal seminal fluid analysis and abnormal seminal fluid analysis) and most affected infertile males were those with duration of infertility of 6-10 years. There was significant association (p&lt;0.05) between smoking habit and abnormal seminal fluid analysis, while there was no significant difference between smoker and non smoker infertile males in the incidence of antisperm antibody (p&gt;0.05).

Male Contribution to Infertility in Maiduguri, Nigeria

Context: Infertility is a frequent reproductive health problem in this environment. Abnormalities of seminal fluid may be found in up to 60% of infertile couples. Various factors are known to be responsible for seminal fluid abnormalities. Local studies on this very important health problem are few. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine the magnitude of male contribution to infertility in North Eastern Nigeria and the factors responsible. Study Design, Setting and Subjects: A descriptive study of 704 males with abnormal seminal fluid profile who were investigated at a university teaching hospital over a 12-month period. Relevant past medical history, physical examination and investigation results were extracted from the patients' case records. Results: A total of 1201 seminal fluid analyses were conducted during the study period. Abnormalities were detected in the seminal fluid of 704 (58.6%) patients. Male factors were the only identifiable cause of infertility in 70% of the cases. Azoospermia (12.8%) and oligozoospermia (26.8%) were the most frequent semen abnormalities found. Varicocoele (13.9%), previous groin surgery (16.8%) and chronic urethritis and/or male accessory gland infection (5.5%) were the main associated clinical findings in the patients. Conclusion: Male factor contributes significantly to infertility in this environment. The treatment of infertility using conventional methods have very low success rates while recent technologies are expensive and not readily available in this environment. It is therefore necessary for us to understand the various factors that contribute to male infertility in our environment so as to develop preventive strategies. (Tropical Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology: 2001, 18(2): 87-90)

Recurrent Subacute Torsion: Prospective Study of Effects on Testicular Morphology and Function

A prospective study was done on 43 consecutive patients with a diagnosis of recurrent subacute testicular torsion. All patients underwent full examination, hormonal assays and seminal fluid analysis before scrotal exploration, bilateral testicular biopsy and fixation. Seminal fluid analysis and hormonal assays were repeated 3 months postoperatively. Of the patients 36 were cured of recurrent pain, 35 of whom had a horizontally lying testis. No hormonal abnormalities were found preoperatively or postoperatively. Three patients had abnormal seminal fluid analysis. Testicular biopsies, including Johnsen scores, were abnormal in these 3 patients and normal in the other 33.It is concluded that patients with recurrent subacute torsion can be identified accurately and treated satisfactorily. There is little evidence that these patients suffer testicular damage as a result of this subacute torsion or that any pre-existing cellular abnormality exists to explain the oligospermia that frequently is seen in patients who have acute testicular torsion.

Evaluation of the impairment of spermatogenesis in varicocele through semen analysis and testicular biopsy.

Twenty-four patients with varicocele and 26 normal men were analysed according to the seminal ejaculate and testicular biopsy. Patients were divided into two groups based on the criteria of sperm normality and abnormality, respectively. Hypospermatogenesis with both normal and abnormal seminal fluid occurred in the varicocele patients, but no statistical differences could be established when compared with each other. We concluded that testicular biopsy is not useful in the evaluation of patients with varicocele.