Abnormal Reading Research Articles

Abnormal blood pressure among individuals evaluated for tuberculosis infection in a U.S. public health tuberculosis clinic.

Tuberculosis infection (TBI) has been associated with increased cardiovascular risks. We aimed to characterize abnormal blood pressure (BP) readings in individuals with TBI. We conducted a retrospective study of adults with TBI presenting for their initial medical visit at a large midwestern U.S. public health clinic between 2019 and 2020. Abnormal BP was defined as having a systolic BP≥130mmHg and/or a diastolic BP≥80mmHg. Of 310 individuals with TBI, median age was 36years (interquartile range 27-48), 34% were male, 64% non-US-born; 58 (18.7%) were previously diagnosed with hypertension. The prevalence of any hypertension (i.e., had a history of hypertension and/or an abnormal BP reading) was 64.2% (95% confidence interval 58.7-69.4). Any hypertension was independently associated with older age, male sex, higher body mass index, and individuals of Black race. In conclusion, any hypertension was present in over half of the adults evaluated for TBI in our clinic. Established hypertension risk factors were also common among this group, suggesting that individuals with TBI could benefit from clinical and public health interventions aiming to reduce the risk of future cardiovascular events.

بَلَاغَةُ القُرْآنِ الكَرِيمِ بَيْنَ القِرَاءَةِ المُتَوَاتِرَةِ وَالقِرَاءَةِ الشَّاذَّةِ آيَاتٌ مِنْ سُورَةِ المَائِدَةِ أُنْمُوذَجًا

This research includes a comparison between the correct frequent reading and the abnormal reading in highlighting the meanings of the Noble Qur’an, the eloquence of its words, and the elegance of its systems. Through presenting several examples of the verses of Surat Al-Ma’idah, and studying its contexts and the different words in its reading, a difference appears in the meaning. This research was chosen because of the great service it contains for the Great Qur’an, because the subject of recitations is one of the thorny topics that many people are obscure about, and because the subject of abnormal recitations is specifically a dangerous subject in which many people are immersed. The readings were defined linguistically and idiomatically, and their types were mentioned based on the conditions for accepting the reading. The imams of the frequent readings and their narrators were introduced. A comparison was made between the two readings, theoretically and practically, which is the heart and core of the research. The research concluded several results. The most important of which is that the abnormal reading, as well as its characteristic, is anomalous, isolated, far from the eloquence of the Noble Qur’an and that the difference between it and the frequent reading appears in several Arabic aspects. Such as actions and additions, and abstract and more, and movements, and the weights of derivatives and their meanings, and that the Holy Qur’an never ends with its wonders, and that it is preserved by God Almighty’s protection for it until the Day of Judgment; By harnessing the imams of the flags, they spend their lives to serve and preserve it.

Association Between Abnormal Metabolic Parameters and Receiving Subsequent Interventions in Children and Adolescents Initiating Second-Generation Antipsychotics.

Objectives: This study aimed to examine the association between abnormal readings of metabolic parameters detected during second-generation antipsychotic (SGA) treatment and the likelihood of receiving subsequent adverse drug event interventions. Methods: This was a nested case-control study conducted on patients 1-17 years of age with at least two prescriptions of SGAs between January 2010 and January 2019 using TriNetX EMR data. Following an incident density sampling procedure, patients who received the SGA metabolic adverse event intervention (mAEI) (case) were matched with three nonrecipients (controls). The abnormal readings of metabolic parameters within 30 days before the initiation of mAIEs were further identified. These metabolic parameters include body mass index (BMI) and laboratory parameters such as cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, blood glucose, HbA1c, thyroid hormones, liver enzymes, and prolactin. The association of abnormal metabolic parameters with subsequent mAEIs was assessed using a conditional logistic regression model, after adjusting for demographic and other clinical risk factors. Results: One thousand eight hundred eighty-four children and adolescents met the inclusion criteria and were prescribed SGA mAEIs. The most common types of mAEIs prescribed were weight management pharmacotherapy (40.6%), switching from a high or medium metabolic risk profile SGA to a low-risk one (30.9%), nonpharmacological treatment (25.4%), and switching from SGA polytherapy to monotherapy (11.7%). The conditional logistic regression analysis on matched mAEI recipients and nonrecipients showed that patients with an abnormal BMI had 43% higher odds of receiving mAEI (odds ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.43 [1.13-1.79]). However, the presence of an abnormal laboratory reading was not associated with the initiation of mAEIs. Conclusions: The prescribing of mAEIs were associated with the presence of obesity, but not with abnormal readings of other metabolic parameters, suggesting that additional data are needed to clarify the long-term implication of SGA metabolic adverse events other than weight gain and to inform the appropriate timing for interventions.

Automatic Temperature Detection System at the Entrance

Ensuring public health and safety has grown to be a top priority as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 outbreak. This abstract describes a novel system that makes use of an Arduino Uno, an infrared temperature sensor, an ultrasonic sensor, and a servo motor to automate temperature detection at entry to public places. The central processing unit of the suggested system is an Arduino Uno microcontroller. It is not necessary to make physical touch to monitor body temperature because an infrared temperature sensor is used. The risk of potential contagion is decreased because of this sensor's ability to precisely measure human body temperature at a secure distance. An ultrasonic sensor is added to the system to improve functionality by determining how far away the person is from the door. This maximizes accuracy and efficiency by ensuring that temperature sensing only happens when a person is inside the appropriate range. The system activates the servo motor, which smoothly regulates the movement of a physical barrier, such as a gate or door when it detects a human within the predetermined distance range. Automated access control is made possible by this technology, prohibiting anyone with unusual body temperatures from entering. The system's brain, the Arduino Uno, is responsible for digesting sensor data and producing the right control signals for the servo motor. In the event of an abnormal temperature reading, it can also be configured to sound an alarm or notify authorized persons. The suggested system has several benefits, including accurate distance measurement, contactless operation, and real-time temperature monitoring. To provide efficient screening and stop the transmission of infectious illnesses, it can be applied at a variety of entrance points, including workplaces, educational institutions, medical facilities, and hubs for public transit. The Automatic Temperature Detection System at Entrance, which is demonstrated in this abstract, offers a reliable method for automating temperature screening procedures.

A Blueprint design of optical-based wristband for non-invasive and continuous health status monitoring of sickle cell disease patients

Sickle cell disease is a group of health disorders that affect hemoglobin in red blood cells. Sickle cell disease causes multiple manifestations and complications, including infections, delayed growth, pain crisis, and multi-organs damage. These complications can disturb the patients' vital signs, including body temperature, heart rate, and oxygen saturation. The decline in hemoglobin level is another indication of sickle cell disease due to abnormal hemoglobin that distorts red blood cells resulting in sickle cell anemia. RBCs, also called erythrocytes, are found in the blood and responsible for carrying oxygen to the body tissues attached to the hemoglobin. Optical microscopy can detect and monitor sickle cell disease, but it requires a blood sample and offline analysis, which is a time-consuming process. There is currently no known technology available to provide non-invasive monitoring solutions for sickle cell disease patients' health. Therefore, a need arises for a non-invasive and continuous monitoring solution to continuously check on sickle cell disease patients, which can be transformed into a wearable monitoring device. The proposed optical wristband consists of optical sensors that provide non-invasive and continuous health status monitoring of sickle cell disease patients using key vital signs and hemoglobin levels. A comparative study was performed among 21 participants and equally divided into three groups (non-anemic, anemic, and sickle cell disease patients). The data was collected from optical sensors, Arduino used as a processor, and continuously monitors the patient's vital signs and hemoglobin levels. Abnormal reading of any parameter alerts the user of any unhealthy status, and the parameter's trend assists the clinician in patient assessment. The body temperature and oxygen saturation levels of the anemic patients were found in the normal ranges, but the heart rate of three patients and hemoglobin of all the participants were found in aberrant ranges. The vital signs and hemoglobin levels of all sickle cell disease patients were beyond the normal ranges and significantly different (p>0.001) than non-anemic and anemic groups. Therefore, these physiological parameters monitoring has clinical importance for sickle cell disease management and early treatment.

Perceptions of the Healthcare System Among Black Men with Previously Undiagnosed Diabetes and Prediabetes.

Given the significant disparities in diabetes burden and access to care, this study uses qualitative interviews of Black men having HbA1c levels consistent with previously undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes to understand their perceptions of the healthcare system. We recruited Black men from Black-owned barbershops in Brooklyn, NY, who were screened using point-of-care HbA1c tests. Among those with HbA1c levels within prediabetes or diabetes thresholds, qualitative interviews were conducted to uncover prevalent themes related to their overall health status, health behaviors, utilization of healthcare services, and experiences with the healthcare system. We used a theoretical framework from the William and Mohammed medical mistrust model to guide our qualitative analysis. Fifty-two Black men without a prior history of diabetes and an HbA1c reading at or above 5.7% were interviewed. Many participants stated that their health was in good condition. Some participants expressed being surprised by their abnormal HbA1c reading because it was not previously mentioned by their healthcare providers. Furthermore, many of our participants shared recent examples of negative interactions with physicians when describing their experiences with the healthcare system. Finally, several participants cited a preference for incorporating non-pharmaceutical options in their diabetes management plans. To help alleviate the disparity in diabetes burden among Black men, healthcare providers should take a more active role in recognizing and addressing their own implicit biases, engage in understanding the specific healthcare needs and expectations of each patient, and consider emphasizing non-medication approaches to improve glycemic control.

The readings attributed to Ayoub Al-Sakhtiani, may God have mercy on him, and directing it from the beginning of Surat Maryam to the end of Surat Al-Nas

This research deals with the collection of the narrations of Ayyub al-Sakhtiani, may God have mercy on him, in the letters of the Qur’an, in the second half of the Qur’an, and their arrangement according to the surahs, their attribution to those who read it, and directing it. The most prominent objectives of this research are: to collect the narrations of the Galilean Tabi’i, Ayoub Al-Sakhtiani, in the letters of the Qur’an. As a continuation of the tagged research (the readings attributed to Ayoub Al-Sakhtiani, may God have mercy on him, and directing it. from the beginning of Surat Al-Fatihah to the end of Surat Al-Kahf). As for the research method, it is the inductive, descriptive, and analytical method. The research concluded with several results, most notably: The number of readings narrated by Al-Sakhtiani from the beginning of Surat Maryam to the end of Surat Al-Nas, which I stood on: (3) frequent reading, and (10) abnormal reading, and the number of readings of questionable proportion-attributed by the authors to Ayoub Abstract-(4) reading. Ayoub Al-Sakhtiani singled out the silence of distraction and connection in "his son" [Al-Tahrim: 12], with the silence of distraction and connection, where the wasl performed the course of the endowment. And the investigator attributed to him the syntax of the readings of the Ka’bri (Muhammad Al-Sayyid Ahmed Azzouz) Yashaq [Al-Hashr: 4], with the open hamza like the aldaba and alhqah, and I did not stand on it.

Impact of tomosynthesis on the evolution of the cancer detection rate in the French National Breast Cancer Screening Program

ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate the cancer detection rate in French National Breast Cancer Screening Program, especially the cancer detection rate during second reading session (Reading 2) based on digital technologies used in radiology centres. Study designThis was an analytical and descriptive study. MethodsCancer detection rate was estimated by the ratio between the number of cancers detected and the number of women screened. The positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated as cancer detection rate among abnormal Reading 2. The relationship between Reading 2's PPV and the predictive factors was evaluated using multilevel mixed-effects logistic regression. ResultsA total of 1,380,006 digital mammograms were retained in the analysis between 2010 and 2019. Cancer detection rate represented 7.8‰ at first reading session (Reading 1) and 0.5‰ at Reading 2. Cancer detection rate is significantly associated with the use of tomosynthesis (P < 0.001) at Reading 1, and differences appear within different tomosynthesis brands (P = 0.007). Reading 2's PPV differs significantly according on technologies used by first Reader (P < 0.004). Nevertheless, Reading 2 has 1.9 (1.5–2.4) more likely to predict a cancer with the presence of previous mammogram compared with those without previous images. ConclusionUsing tomosynthesis technology improves cancer detection rate at Reading 1, even if differences are noticeable between brands. Using tomosynthesis technology at Reading 1 reduces Reading 2's PPV and cancer detection rate at Reading 2.

Shortening of Saccades as a Possible Easy-to-Use Biomarker to Detect Risk of Alzheimer’s Disease

Background:Wide-ranging functional defects in eye movements have been reported in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) dementia. The detection of abnormal eye movements and reading problems may identify persons at risk of AD when clear clinical symptoms are lacking.Objective:To examine whether computer-based eye-tracking (ET) analysis of King-Devick (KD) test results differentiates cognitively healthy persons from persons with minor problems in cognitive testing or diagnosed mild AD.Methods:We recruited 78 participants (57 non-demented, 21 with mild AD) who underwent neurological examination, the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease neuropsychological test battery (CERAD-NB), and a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) interview. The non-demented participants were further divided into control (normal CERAD subtests, mean MMSE = 28) and objective mild cognitive impairment (MCI; decline in at least one CERAD memory score, mean MMSE = 27) groups. The KD reading test was performed using computer-based ET. The total time used for the reading test, errors made, fixation and saccade durations, and saccade amplitudes were analyzed.Results:We found significant differences between the control, objective MCI, and AD groups in regard to the mean saccade amplitude (3.58, 3.33, and 3.21 ms, respectively, p < 0.03) and duration (27.1, 25.3, and 24.8 ms, respectively, p < 0.05). The KD error scores in the AD group differed significantly (p < 0.01) from the other groups.Conclusion:Computed ET analysis of the KD test may help detect persons with objective MCI early when clear clinical symptoms are lacking. The portable device for ET is easy to use in primary health care memory clinics.

Automatic Schizophrenia Detection Using Multimodality Media via a Text Reading Task.

Schizophrenia is a crippling chronic mental disease that affects people worldwide. In this work, an automatic schizophrenia detection algorithm is proposed based on the reading deficit of schizophrenic patients. From speech and video modalities, the automatic schizophrenia detection algorithm illustrates abnormal speech, head movement, and reading fluency during the reading task. In the speech modality, an acoustic model of speech emotional flatness in schizophrenia is established to reflect the emotional expression flatness of schizophrenic speech from the perspective of speech production and perception. In the video modality, the head-movement-related features are proposed to illustrate the spontaneous head movement caused by repeated reading and unconscious movement, and the reading-fluency-related features are proposed to convey the damaged degree of schizophrenic patients' reading fluency. The experimental data of this work are 160 segments of speech and video data recorded by 40 participants (20 schizophrenic patients and 20 normal controls). Combined with support vector machines and random forest, the accuracy of the proposed acoustic model, the head-movement-related features, and the reading-fluency-related features range from 94.38 to 96.50%, 73.38 to 83.38%, and 79.50 to 83.63%, respectively. The average accuracy of the proposed automatic schizophrenia detection algorithm reaches 97.50%. The experimental results indicate the effectiveness of the proposed automatic detection algorithm as an auxiliary diagnostic method for schizophrenia.

The Effect of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) on Accommodative-Convergence Mechanism among HIV/AIDS Patients in North-Western Nigeria.

The introduction of Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART) has led to a dramatic decrease in Human Immune Deficiency Virus (HIV) related morbidity and mortality in the developed as well as developing world. Whilst HAART has been effective in reducing rapidly progressive retinopathies, there are other ocular manifestations of HIV which are yet to be determined, characterised and addressed. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of HAART on Accommodative-Convergence mechanism among HIV/AIDS patients in Northwestern, Nigeria. This was hospital-based cohort study carried out from April 2019 to November 2019. Participants that met the inclusion criteria were recruited and were separated into two groups A and B. Group A were those about to commence HAART referred to as HAART naive, while group B were subdivided into four groups; comprising of B1: those that had been on HAART for 0 - 2½ years, group B2: >2½ - 5 years, group B3: >5 - 7½ years, and group B4: >7½ - 10 years, termed as HAART experience. Information obtained from the patients included sex, age, marital status, Near Point of Convergence (NPC), Amplitude of Accommodation (AA), Presbyopic reading Addition (ADD), CD4+ T cell count, HAART regimen and duration on HAART therapy. There were 400 participants aged 25 - 55years with a mean age of 37.86 ± 7.5years. The participant's NPC mean was 6.4 ± 1.47cm with a range of 2 - 18cm. Most of the participants 336 (84.0%) had an abnormal Near Point of Convergence compared to 64 (16%) with normal NPC values. The mean AA was 4.18± 1.34DS, ranging from 0.75 to 10.0DS and about 273 (68.2%) of the participant's AA was within 3 to 5DS. The mean presbyopic addition was 1.39± 0.98 DS ranging from 1.00 to 3.50DS whilst majority of the participants, 305 (76.2%) had an abnormal Reading Addition. The study showed that the HIV/AIDS patients on HAART exhibit an abnormally low AA, receded NPC and High presbyopic reading addition as compared to age matched HAART naïve. There was a statistically significant association between AA and HAART (p = 0.002) and HAART duration (p = 0.00), but there was no association with their CD4+ T cell levels and HAART regimen (p = 0.12, p = 0.08). There was no statistically significant association between Abnormal reading addition and HAART (p= 0.46), CD4+4 T cell levels and HAART regimen (p=0.53 and p= 0.59), but there was a statistically significant association with HAART duration (p= 0.00).

التَّأوِیلُ بِحَذْفِ الاسْمِ فِی کِتَابِ المُحْتَسَبِ فی تْبیینِ وُجُوهِ شَوَاذِّ القِرَاءَاتِ والإیضَاحِ عَنْهَا لابنِ جِنِّی

الملخص: اتخذ النحاة التأويل النحوي أداة للتوفيق بين القواعد النحوية وما ورد من النصوص مخالفا لتلک القواعد، وحاول البحث الوقوف على التأويل بحذف الاسم في کتاب المحتسب في تبيين وجوه شواذ القراءات والإيضاح عنها لابن جني، من خلال انتخاب نماذج من تأويله لبعض القراءات الشاذة بحذف المبتدأ، أو الخبر، أو المفعول به، أو المضاف، أو الموصوف. وجعلت البحث في مقدمة وتمهيد اشتمل على مبحثين: الأول: تعريف بالقراءة الشاذة، وموقف ابن جني منها، الثاني: التأويل النحوي (تعريفه، ومقاصده)، ثم الجزء الخاص بدراسة مسائل التأويل بحذف الاسم في کتاب المحتسب في تبيين وجوه شواذ القراءات والإيضاح عنها لابن جني(عرضا ومناقشة). وقد انتهى البحث إلى أن ابن جني قد استطاع بعبقريته، وتمکنه من العربية في أصواتها، وبنيتها، وترکيبها، ودلالتها أن يوجه تلک القراءات الشاذة التوجيه الذي تطمئن إليه النفوس، واستعان في عضد توجيهاته بالقراءات المشهورة، والشاذة، وبکلام العرب شعره ونثره، وبالحديث النبوي في مواضع معدودة، وقد قدم الاستشهاد بالقراءات على الشعر وأقوال العرب، واستعان بمعنى القراءة المشهورة دون توجيهها النحوي في استدلاله بها في بعض المواضع، وجعل القراءة الشاذة توضيحا لمعنى القراءة المشهورة، وقوى توجيهاته بالأصول النحوية في نحو:» ولا تحتاج إلى إبعاد التناول واعتقاده ما ليس بظاهر»، وقد کرر الاستشهاد ببعض الآيات في عدة مواضع، وما ورد من القراءات مرفوعا ومنصوبا ومجرورا يقدم الرفع؛ لارتباطه بالعمدة، فيراه أقوى تأکيدا للمعنى، فهو أساس الجملة فلا يحذف کما تحذف الفضلة، وحسن حذف المفعول به، وجعل حذفه في کثير من المواضع مزية في الکلام، ولم تخل توجيهاته من ذکر آراء النحاة، وخص آراء شيخه أبي علي الفارسي بالذکر في کثير من المواضع، واتسم موقفه من القراء بحسن الظن بهم، وهو في کل توجيهاته يؤکد على التزام الرواية الواردة في القراءة، ولو صح القياس في شيء منها لم يلتفت إليه؛ بل يلتزم بما روي وسمع . Abstract The grammarians used the grammatical interpretation as a tool to reconcile the grammatical rules and the texts stated in contravention of these rules. This research attempted to determine the interpretation by deletion and its effect in directing abnormal readings in the book of Al-Muhtaseb for Ibn Jinni, by electing examples of his interpretation of some of the readings, and included an interpretation by deleting the nominal, the predicate, the direct object, the preposition, or the additive. And I made the research in an introduction and an introduction that included two topics: the first: a definition of irregular recitation and Ibn Jinni’s position on it, the second: grammatical interpretation (its definition and purposes), and then the part on studying matters of interpretation by deleting the name in the book of al-Muhtasib in explaining the faces of the anomalous readings and clarifying them by Ibn Jinni The research concluded that Ibn Jenni was able with his genius, and was able in Arabic in its sounds, structure, composition, and semantics to direct those abnormal readings the guidance that souls are reassured, and used to support his directives with famous readings, anomalies, and the words of the Arabs his poetry and prose, and he cited the prophetic hadith in a few places inferred from his directives, he cited the readings on poetry and the sayings of the Arabs in many places, and he used the meaning of the famous reading without directing the grammar in his inference in some places, and made the abnormal reading an explanation of the meaning of the famous reading.

Reading Performance in Blue Cone Monochromacy: Defining an Outcome Measure for a Clinical Trial.

PurposeBlue cone monochromacy (BCM), a congenital X-linked retinal disease caused by mutations in the OPN1LW/OPN1MW gene cluster, is under consideration for intravitreal gene therapy. Difficulties with near vision tasks experienced by these patients prompted this study of reading performance as a potential outcome measure for a future clinical trial.MethodsClinically and molecularly diagnosed patients with BCM (n = 17; ages 15–63 years) and subjects with normal vision (n = 22; ages 18–72 years) were examined with the MNREAD acuity chart for both uniocular and binocular conditions. Parameters derived from the measurements in patients were compared with normal data and also within the group of patients. Intersession, interocular and between-subject variabilities were determined. The frequent complaint of light sensitivity in BCM was examined by comparing results from black text on a white background (regular polarity) versus white on black (reverse polarity) conditions.ResultsMNREAD curves of print size versus reading speed were right-shifted compared with normal in all patients with BCM. All parameters in patients with BCM indicated abnormal reading performance. Intersession variability was slightly higher in BCM than in normal, but comparable with results previously reported for other patients with maculopathies. There was a high degree of disease symmetry in reading performance in this BCM cohort. Reverse polarity showed better reading parameters than regular polarity in 82% of the patients.ConclusionsMNREAD measures of reading performance in patients with BCM would be a worthy and robust secondary outcome in a clinical trial protocol, given its dual purpose of quantifying macular vision and addressing an important quality of life issue.Translational RelevanceAssessment of an outcome for a clinical trial.

The Use of Big Data for Sustainable Development in Motor Production Line Issues

This study explores big data gathered from motor production lines to gain a better understanding of production line issues. Motor products from Solen Electric Company’s motor production lines were used to predict failure points based on big data analytics, where 3606 datapoints from the company’s testing equipment were statistically analyzed. The current study focused on secondary data and expert interview results to further define the relevant statistical dimensions. Only 14 of the original 88 detection parameters were required for monitoring the production line. The relationships between these parameters and the relevant motor components were established to indicate how an abnormal reading may be interpreted to quickly resolve an issue. Thus, a theoretical model for the monitoring of the motor production line was proposed. Further implications and practical suggestions are also offered to improve the production lines. This study explores big data analysis and smart manufacturing and demonstrates the promise of these technologies in improving production line efficiency and reducing waste to promote sustainable production goals. Big data thus constitute the core technology for advancing production lines into Industry 4.0 and promoting industry sustainability.

Abnormal shock index exposure and clinical outcomes among critically ill patients: A retrospective cohort analysis

PurposeTo assess the predictive value of a single abnormal shock index reading (SI ≥0.9; heart rate/systolic blood pressure [SBP]) for mortality, and association between cumulative abnormal SI exposure and mortality/morbidity. Materials and methodsCohort comprised of adult patients with an intensive care unit (ICU) stay ≥24-h (years 2010–2018). SI ≥0.9 exposure was evaluated via cumulative minutes or time-weighted average; SBP ≤100-mmHg was analyzed. Outcomes were in-hospital mortality, acute kidney injury (AKI), and myocardial injury. Results18,197 patients from 82 hospitals were analyzed. Any single SI ≥0.9 within the ICU predicted mortality with 90.8% sensitivity and 36.8% specificity. Every 0.1-unit increase in maximum-SI during the first 24-h increased the odds of mortality by 4.8% [95%CI; 2.6–7.0%; p < .001]. Every 4-h exposure to SI ≥0.9 increased the odds of death by 5.8% [95%CI; 4.6–7.0%; p < .001], AKI by 4.3% [95%CI; 3.7–4.9%; p < .001] and myocardial injury by 2.1% [95%CI; 1.2–3.1%; p < .001]. ≥2-h exposure to SBP ≤100-mmHg was significantly associated with mortality. ConclusionsA single SI reading ≥0.9 is a poor predictor of mortality; cumulative SI exposure is associated with greater risk of mortality/morbidity. The associations with in-hospital mortality were comparable for SI ≥0.9 or SBP ≤100-mmHg exposure. Dynamic interactions between hemodynamic variables need further evaluation among critically ill patients.

Smart Tyres: An Environmental-Friendly Solution to Road Accidents

The absence of the tyres monitoring system on vehicle has caused difficulty for driver to check the pressure and temperature of the tyres in real time. Besides that, due to the large geographical area of rural area where the distribution of petrol station with air pump might not be equally distributed, certain area is hard to access air pump. The abnormal pressure and increases in temperature on tyre lead to longer braking distance, tyre blowouts and related issues. The paper describes the deployment of IoT sensors for monitoring application in tyres and data is accessible on mobile app. This monitoring system consists of two sensors to measure the temperature and pressure of the tyre using ESP32 microcontroller board and uploaded into the cloud platform using Wi-Fi technology. While Blynk the mobile app is designed to collect the informative data from the cloud platform and the data is represented in graphical representation using open source Cloud platform. It is made available for real-time monitoring data. Apart from that, this system also incorporates alert system to provide a scalable monitoring system as well as alerting the user for any abnormal reading of the tyre.

Radiological Findings By Magnetic Resonance (MRI) and Arteriography (MRA) Brain Imaging Compared to Neurological, Stroke and TCD Assessment in Children with Sickle Cell Anemia in Uganda

Background: Children with sickle cell anemia (SCA) are highly susceptible to stroke and other manifestations of pediatric cerebral vasculopathy. Detailed evaluations of children with SCA in sub-Saharan Africa are limited, especially magnetic resonance imaging and angiography (MRI/MRA). In a sample of Ugandan children receiving care at the Mulago Hospital sickle cell clinic in Kampala and were not on disease-modifying therapy, we examined the range of MR imaging findings, and how those findings correlated with standardized demographic, clinical, neurological and neurocognitive assessments. Methods: From within a larger sample of 265 participants with HbSS ages 1-12 years not taking disease-modifying therapy and enrolled in the BRAIN SAFE study, a sub-sample of 81 underwent non-contrast MRI/MRA on a 1.5 Telsa scanner. Participants also underwent 3 standardized assessments: neurocognitive testing by experienced testers using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning (for ages 1-4 years) or Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, 2nd edition (for ages 5-12) (abnormal z-score of -2 or lower), stroke examination (PedsNIHSS) and transcranial Doppler ultrasound (TCD) using criteria for pediatric SCA. Participants undergoing MRI/MRA intentionally included 29 without any abnormal findings. MRI scans included T1- and T2- weighted images, T2 FLAIR and MRA three-dimensional time-of-flight technique. MR scans were interpreted by clinical and research methods, the latter per SWiTCH protocol (Helton, Blood 2014). Adjudication of differing reads was performed by a blinded third neuroradiologist. Results: A total of 81 children with SCA were examined by MRI/MRA. Mean age was 6.48 ± 2.75 years; 50.6% were male. Mean hemoglobin was 7.26±0.90 g/dl; 75% had hemoglobin &lt;8.0. In all, 16.7% were malnourished using standard international measures established by age and sex. Infarcts and/or arterial stenoses on MRI/MRA were detected in 42 (52%), including 13 (25%) with no other abnormalities detected. There were 35 children (43.2%) who had medium or large infarcts seen; an additional 16 (19.8%) had 1-2 small infarcts. Four had moya moya. Of the 29 children categorized as normal on each of the 3 other tests, 14 (48.3%) had one or more medium or large infarct(s) on MRI, and 3 (10.3%) had 1-2 small infarcts (Figure 1). The proportion of children with malnutrition was higher among those with an abnormal MRI compared to those with a normal MRI, whereas no children with a small infarct was malnourished (29.4% vs. 10.7% vs. 0% p=0.019). A higher proportion of participants with stroke by exam had medium or large infarct(s) compared to participants with normal or small infarct (28.6% vs. 10% vs. 6.3%; p=0.061). Stroke on exam was associated with medium or large infarct(s) compared to normal or small infarct (unadjusted OR 4.2; 95% CI 1.19-14.8), and remained after adjusting for age and hemoglobin (OR 3.90 95%CI 1.10-13.9). The proportion of abnormal psychological testing was higher in the small infarct group than in the group with larger infarct(s) or the normal group (37.5% vs. 28.6% vs. 17.2%; p=0.307). Conclusion: High prevalence of pediatric cerebral vasculopathy was found on MR scanning. Despite clinical evidence suggesting abnormal neuropsychological testing or a prior stroke, not all of the children who had clinical evidence of neurological disorders had MRI evidence of a stroke. Additionally, a number with no evidence of stroke had infarct(s) on MRI, so-called "silent stroke." The strongest predictors of an abnormal MRI reading included having a detectable stroke or an abnormal TCD. MR imaging is a critical aspect of evaluating cerebral vasculopathy in this patient population, and will be an important measure when prospectively assessing impact in a treatment trial. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Protozoa Infections and Celiac disease: Relationship and hematological study among children under five years

The aims of this study was concerned on the evaluation the etiology of diarrhea (parasitic (E. histolytica and G. lamblia) and Celiac disease in children under five years and its effectiveness on the some laboratory investigations which is the complete blood picture (CBP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), and C-reactive protein (CRP), the sero-prevalence of celiac disease; in which two types of autoantibodies was studied, anti-gliadin (IgG and IgA), and anti-tissutransglutaminase (IgG and IgA); A total of 67 children with diarrhea have been diagnostic, E. histolytica recorded the largest group 36 sample followed by G. lamblia 23 sample, and Sero-positive celiac disease only 8 children. the E. histolytica was mostly at 4-5 years (36.1%) and G. lamblia was mostly in age 1-2 and 2-3 years (30.4%). we found that most of neutrophilia and eosinophilia cases were in E. histolytica and G. lamblia. Hemoglobin concentration show a significant decrease in patients with diarrhea. Abnormal ESR and CRP titer reading has been in shows higher mean values with E. histolytica and Sero-positive celiac disease then followed by G. lamblia.

Effectiveness of a Pulse Oximetric Screening for the Detection of Congenital Heart Disease in Asymptomatic New-Borns- An Observational Study.

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of routine postnatal clinical examination and pulse oximetry screening in detecting congenital heart disease in new-borns. Subjects and Methods: The term new-born babies born in narayana medical college and Hospital during the study period of 12months had a thorough clinical examination on day 2 of life with emphasis on peripheral pulses, cyanosis, tachypnea, cardiac pulsations and murmurs. Pulse oximetry screening was done within 4hrs of birth and at 48-72hrs of life. Chest X-ray, ECG and Echocardiogram were done for those babies with either abnormal clinical examination or pulse oximetry reading. Clinical examination was done again 2 weeks after discharge. Results: The sensitivity 26% for oximetry alone and 60% for clinical examination alone. Specificity was 99.8% for pulse oximetry alone, and 98% for clinical examination alone. Conclusion: Pulse oximetry can enhance the clinician’s ability to detect life threatening CHD in a timely manner.

The Functional Neuroanatomy of Letter-Speech Sound Integration and Its Relation to Brain Abnormalities in Developmental Dyslexia.

This mini-review provides a comparison of the brain systems associated with developmental dyslexia and the brain systems associated with letter-speech sound (LSS) integration. First, the findings on the functional neuroanatomy of LSS integration are summarized in order to obtain a comprehensive overview of the brain regions involved in this process. To this end, neurocognitive studies investigating LSS integration in both normal and abnormal reading development are taken into account. The neurobiological basis underlying LSS integration is consequently compared with existing neurocognitive models of functional and structural brain abnormalities in developmental dyslexia—focusing on superior temporal and occipito-temporal (OT) key regions. Ultimately, the commonalities and differences between the brain systems engaged by LSS integration and the brain systems identified with abnormalities in developmental dyslexia are investigated. This comparison will add to our understanding of the relation between LSS integration and normal and abnormal reading development.