Abnormal Menstruation Research Articles

7099 Severe Hypothyroidism from Potassium Iodide Supplements: A Case of Failure to Escape from Wolf- Chaikoff Effect

Abstract Disclosure: M.G. Hamilton: None. A. Kulkarni: None. P. Lekprasert: None. Introduction: The Wolf-Chaikoff effect (WCE) is a physiological response of the thyroid gland to supraphysiologic iodide levels. Failure to escape the WCE can lead to thyroid dysfunction, and we present such a case in a patient with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis taking high-dose potassium iodide (KI). Case Description: A 44-year-old female with hypothyroidism secondary to Hashimoto’s thyroiditis presented with 10-pound weight gain, extremity swelling, fatigue, and abnormal menstruation. She was prescribed Levothyroxine several years ago but stopped taking it shortly after as she felt no improvement. On physical exam, she was bradycardic with heart rate of 58 bpm. There is no goiter but dry skin and edematous lower extremities. Labs revealed TSH of 127 pg/mL (0.35-4.94), free T4 0.1ng/dL (0.8-1.8), TPO Ab 645 (<9) IU/mL in comparison to her labs 2 months ago of TSH 11 pg/mL and free T4 0.9 ng/dL. Suspicion for worsening hypothyroidism from Hashimoto’s was low given this dramatic change on labwork and clinically. On further questioning, she had been taking KI 130 mg/day (Iodine 100 mg, daily requirement 150 mcg/day) as advised by her homeopathic doctor. The supplements were stopped, and she was re-started on Levothyroxine. After 8 weeks, she reported improvement of symptoms and weight loss. TSH is normal at 3.54pg/ml and free T4 1.2 ng/dL. Discussion:The WCE serves as a protective mechanism to decrease thyroid hormone production in the setting of high iodide levels to prevent development of hyperthyroidism. WCE is explained by the formation of Iodopeptides inhibits thyroid peroxidase (TPO) mRNA and protein synthesis resulting in an inhibition of thyroglobulin iodination. WCE is temporary and expected to wane over a few days to weeks and is known as the Wolf-Chaikoff escape due to down regulation of the sodium iodine symporter (NIS) thereby decreasing the intrathyroidal inorganic iodine concentration and permitting normal TPO activity. Rarely, failure to escape WCE can lead to hypothyroidism due to continued suppression of thyroid hormone synthesis. Risk factors include underlying thyroid diseases i.e. Hashimoto’s or other causes of thyroiditis, use of Amiodarone, Lithium or Iodine-containing radiocontrast media and KI supplements. In our case, Hashimotos’ thyroiditis predisposed her to thyroid dysfunction and failure to escape from WCE after taking high-dose KI supplements causing severe hypothyroidism. Thus, this report highlights that in clinical practice, especially in patients with pre-existing thyroid dysfunction, a significant TSH increase, a high suspicion index is needed to investigate for other causes like concurrent use of iodine-containing food/drug leading to the failed escape from WCE apart from verifying compliance to thyroid replacement therapy. Presentation: 6/3/2024

Menstrual health education: school health curriculum topics by grade level recommended by specialized medical professionals in menstrual health clinics

Study ObjectiveEvidence-based menstrual health education is not mandated in any U.S. state or territory. Aspects of normal and abnormal menstruation impact quality of life and educational engagement, but many youth are not prepared to know when to seek medical help. We sought to determine which topics should be included in a 3rd through 8th grade school-based menstrual health curriculum. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional online survey of medical professionals who care for patients with menstrual problems. We asked participants to indicate the top three menstrual health topics by grade and we compared the most common responses by year. We also solicited general comments about curriculum content. ResultsSurveys from 55 medical professionals met criteria for analysis. The most frequent topics to be selected were normal and abnormal menstruation, reproductive anatomy, puberty timeline, and menstrual products. A majority recommended the topics of puberty timeline (38, 69.1%) and reproductive anatomy (34, 61.8%) for 3rd grade, introducing normal menstruation (31, 56.4%) and menstrual products (24, 46.3%) in 4th grade, and abnormal menstruation (27, 49.1%) in 6th grade. More complex topics such as world cultures around menstruation (14, 25.5%) and period poverty (11, 20.0%) were preferred for 8th grade. Many providers emphasized the importance of teaching normal versus abnormal menstruation in a school health curriculum. ConclusionMedical professionals provide recommendations for a school-based menstrual health curriculum that introduces topics at developmentally appropriate ages from a medical perspective, teaches basic menstrual symptom management, and instructs on warning signs for abnormal menstruation.

Investigation of Insomnia Influencing Factors and Their Relationship with TCM Syndrome Elements in 621 Medical Staff Members

Objectives: Our study examined the incidence of insomnia among Chinese medical professionals, delved into associated factors, and examined its connection with Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) diagnostic elements. Methods: Between January 2020 and December 2022, our evaluation included 621 medical personnel, utilizing the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Our team gathered data on demographics and occupations to pinpoint potential risks linked to insomnia. Furthermore, the components of TCM syndrome were assessed to understand their correlation with the quality of sleep. Results: Overall, 523 staff were classified as experiencing insomnia (PSQI score ≥ 8). We found statistically significant differences age, professional title, abnormal menstruation, night shift assignment, work intensity, and years of service between insomnia and non-insomnia groups. Logistic regression analysis revealed age over 40, senior professional title, night shift assignment, and high work intensity as risk factors for insomnia, while longer tenure was protective. Insomnia patients predominantly exhibited TCM syndromes such as phlegm-heat internally, heart-fire hyperactivity, and liver-depression fire. Conclusion: Our results reveal a high prevalence of insomnia among medical staff and its association with various demographic and occupational factors. They underscore the relevance of TCM syndrome elements in understanding sleep disorders and suggest personalized interventions targeting specific syndromes. Effective management of insomnia in medical staff is crucial for promoting both individual well-being and patient care quality.

Sonographic Features of Uterine Arteriovenous Malformation: A Case Series.

Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is very rare but potentially life-threatening. Early and accurate diagnosis is the cornerstone of its management. The objective of this study is to encourage sonographers to become familiar with a variety of grayscale sonographic features, facilitating rapid recognition of the patterns and prompting them to apply color flow Doppler for a diagnosis of uterine AVM and possible further investigations or interventions. We present six cases of uterine AVM presenting with abnormal uterine bleeding at varying degrees of severity, from abnormal menstruation to life-threatening bleeding following curettage. All initially provided some clues of uterine AVM upon grayscale ultrasound, leading to the application of color Doppler flow to support a diagnosis, with confirmation using abdominal computer tomography angiography (CTA) in most cases, resulting in definitive treatment using uterine artery embolization or other interventions. Most importantly, this study provides various sonographic features of uterine AVM, such as appearances of small tubular structures, spongy patterns, a conceptive-product-like appearance, and spaghetti-like patterns. Hopefully, familiarity with these sonographic features can facilitate practitioners to make an early diagnosis, leading to proper further investigation and intervention, and to prevent serious complications from potentially being caused by this subtle but very serious disorder.

Ultrahigh-Sensitivity Detection of 17β-Estradiol

17β-estradiol (E2), a vital female sex hormone, plays a crucial role in female reproductive cycles and secondary sexual characteristics. The quantification of E2 concentration in human blood and urine samples is essential because a deviation from physiological levels of E2 indicates the development of diseases and abnormalities such as precocious puberty, breast cancer, weight gain, abnormal menstruation, osteoporosis, and infertility. In addition, the detection of E2 in food and the environment has gained widespread interest because of its role as an endocrine disruptor (environmental hormone) that can perturb physiological processes. E2 is used as a drug for hormone therapy. Various E2 detection technologies for diagnosing relevant human diseases, drug screening, and environmental monitoring have been demonstrated in studies. In this article, we have reviewed technological strategies developed for E2 detection with ultrahigh sensitivity, with a limit of detection comparable to several pg/mL or lower. We observed that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were used as nanoplatforms for signal amplification, which enabled ultrahigh sensitivity in most studies. Signal amplification was facilitated by AuNP characteristics such as the versatility of surface biochemistry, exceedingly large surface-to-volume ratio, surface plasmonic activity, luminescence quenching ability, and biocompatibility. These techniques have been used to detect E2 in food, water, human serum, and urine with ultrahigh sensitivity. We summarize the working principles of E2 detection strategies that allow ultrahigh sensitivity and provide an approach for future work required for the elucidation of practical applications of these technologies.

HUBUNGAN POLA MENSTRUASI DENGAN KEJADIAN ANEMIA PADA SISWI MA PERGURUAN ISLAM NURUL KASYSYAF (PINK)

Anemia is a condition where the concentration of hemoglobin in the blood is lower than normal, someone who has anemia will experience conditions such as weakness, fatigue, lethargy and loss of concentration. And carried out on students who have experienced menstruation. Research Objectives: To know about the relationship between menstrual patterns and the incidence of anemia in SMA PINK 03 Tambun Selatan students. Methods: The design of this study used an analytical survey with a cross sectional design. Sample: The research sample was 127 students using purposive sampling technique. Research Results: The results obtained in this study were 73 (57.5%) female students who experienced anemia and (52%) 66 female students who experienced abnormal menstruation. The relationship between menstrual patterns and the incidence of anemia in female students through the chi-square test results in a p-value of 0.000, p value < a (0.05). Conclusion: Students who have anemia are likely to experience abnormal menstrual patterns. Suggestion: It is expected that students consume nutritious food and contain lots of iron, even though they experience abnormal menstruation.

Adult-type granulosa cell tumor associated with elevated luteinizing hormone: Two rare case reports.

Adult-type granulosa cell tumors (AGCTs), which account for 2% to 5% of all malignant ovarian tumors, are rare sex cord-stromal tumors that usually secrete excess estrogens, but they can also secrete androgens. We report 2 patients of childbearing age with AGCT who presented with the complaint of abnormal menstruation and elevated luteinizing hormone (LH), and mildly elevated testosterone. The ovarian tumors had hormonal activity. The 2 patients underwent laparoscopic left adnexectomy. The second patient underwent 4 cycles of chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin as adjuvant treatments. Their postoperative pathology confirmed AGCTs. Also, their menstrual cycle returned to normal, with normal serum LH and testosterone levels. There was no sign of recurrence. The cases suggest that elevated serum LH levels may be a sign of unknown tumors in cases of oligomenorrhea or secondary amenorrhea. It is useful to evaluate the serum levels of inhibin B and anti-Müllerian hormone to improve the early recognition of ovarian granulosa cell tumors.

VitroGel-loaded human MenSCs promote endometrial regeneration and fertility restoration.

Introduction: Intrauterine adhesions (IUA), also known as Asherman's syndrome, is caused by trauma to the pregnant or non-pregnant uterus, which leads to damaged endometrial basal lining and partial or total occlusion of the uterine chambers, resulting in abnormal menstruation, infertility, or recurrent miscarriage. The essence of this syndrome is endometrial fibrosis. And there is no effective treatment for IUA to stimulate endometrial regeneration currently. Recently, menstrual blood-derived stem cells (MenSCs) have been proved to hold therapeutic promise in various diseases, such as myocardial infarction, stroke, diabetes, and liver cirrhosis. Methods: In this study, we examined the effects of MenSCs on the repair of uterine adhesions in a rat model, and more importantly, promoted such therapeutic effects via a xeno-free VitroGel MMP carrier. Results: This combined treatment reduced the expression of inflammatory factors, increased the expression of anti-inflammatory factors, restricted the area of endometrial fibrosis, diminished uterine adhesions, and partially restored fertility, showing stronger effectiveness than each component alone and almost resembling the sham group. Discussion: Our findings suggest a highly promising strategy for IUA treatment.

A systematic review on the morphology structure, propagation characteristics, resistance physiology and exploitation and utilization of Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov.

Nitraria tangutorum Bobrov., belonging to the family Nitrariaceae, is a drought-tolerant and salt-loving plant and has drawn attention for its good economic and ecological value. As one of the main group species and dominant species in China's desert and semi-desert regions, N. tangutorum possesses superior tolerance to drought, high temperature, cold, barren, high salinity and alkalinity and wind and sand. Its root system is well developed, with many branches and a strong germination capacity. Once buried in sandy soil, N. tangutorum can quickly produce a large number of adventitious roots, forming new plants and continuously expanding the shrubs, forming fixed and semi-fixed shrub sand dunes. Sand dune shrubs can trap and fix a large amounts of quicksand, prevent desert expansion and erosion, and play an important role in maintaining regional ecosystem balance and improving ecological environmental quality. In addition, the phytochemical screening studies report that N. tangutorum contains an abundance of various compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolic acids and polysaccharides. These compounds confer a range of beneficial bioactivities such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, anti-fatigue, liver protection, neuroprotection, cardiovascular protection, lowering blood lipid, regulating blood sugar level and immunoregulation. The fruits of N.tangutorum also contain vitamin C, amino acids, minerals and microelements. It has been traditionally used as a nutritional food source and in folk medicine to treat diseases of the spleen and stomach, abnormal menstruation, indigestion, and hyperlipidemia. N. tangutorum, as a wild plant with medicinal and edible homology, possesses remarkable economic and medicinal values. This detailed, comprehensive review gathers and presents all the information related to the morphological structure, propagation characteristics, resistance physiology and exploitation and utilization of N.tangutorum, providing a theoretical basis for the researchers to conduct future in-depth research on N.tangutorum.

Investigation on reproductive health status of women workers in different positions in oilfield enterprises

Objective: The status and influencing factors of reproductive health (including menstrual period and gynecological diseases) of female workers in different positions of oilfield enterprises were analyzed. Methods: From January to December 2020, a total of 979 female workers in an oil field were selected as research objects by the judgment sampling method, and the "Female Reproductive Health Survey" was used as the investigation tool to investigate the demographic characteristics, menstrual status and gynecological diseases. The influential factors were analyzed by 2-test and logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of abnormal menstruation was 26.1% (256/979), dysmenorrhea 53.1% (520/979), and gynecological diseases 54.34% (532/979). The prevalence of breast disease was 23.39% (229/979), uterine disease 11.03% (108/979), cervical disease 10.32% (101/979), and HPV infection 7.97% (78/979). Age, the nature of the job and whether occupational harmful factors were clear were the influencing factors of gynecological diseases (P=0.001, 0.000, 0.007). Age, job nature, working hours and work intensity were the influencing factors of abnormal menstruation (P=0.005, 0.000, 0.000, 0.010) . Conclusion: The reproductive health status of female workers in different positions of oil field enterprises is not optimistic, and the reproductive health status of female workers in professional and technical positions needs to be improved.

Social and Cultural Issues of Menstruation and Abnormal Uterine Bleeding in Nepal

Practice difficulties during menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) are major global concerns. So, this review will explore the issues of cultural and social for menstruation and AUB in Nepal. Nearly one-third of menstruating girls and women were facing abnormal menstruation and uterine bleeding worldwide. All religions have negative views and enforce prohibitions on menstruation and abnormal uterine bleeding except Sikhism. AUB impacts women's living quality, sexuality, social engagement and participation, mental well-being, access to education and employment prospects, experiences of stigma and shame, as well as economic challenges. Menstruation restrictions are a routed problem in some parts, some religions, and castes, and very few menstruating women use disposable sanitary pads in Nepal. Awareness programs, educational intervention programs, and education on menstrual health help to rule out the causes of AUB, and legal implementation of these should be applied to the effort to overcome the issues.

COVID-19 백신 접종 후 월경 이상 사례 관련 온라인 건강상담 내용의 분석

Recent developments in big data technologies have highlighted the potential of enhancing the role of pharmacovigilance. This study aims to assess the potential of utilizing social media for pharmacovigilance using online health counseling on abnormal menstruation after receiving vaccination for coronavirus disease. We crawled relevant posts regarding vaccine adverse events published on Naver Jisik-iN from February 2021 to August 2022 using keywords “vaccine” and “menstruation.” After preprocessing all collected posts, selected posts were classified based on vaccination information and type of adverse events. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed to analyze the characteristics and timing of the selected posts and their association with vaccination. Following preprocessing, 4,154 posts were chosen, and the highest number of posts was generated in October 2021. Among them, 87.75% (n=3,645) were posted after vaccination. Of the 3,645 posts, certain, probable, and possible associations were identified in 63.40, 4.83, and 31.74% posts. The most frequently reported symptom was change in the menstrual cycle, and serious adverse events that required medical attention were observed in 3.05% cases. The study results present a potential pharmacovigilance strategy that leverages social media to complement the voluntary reporting system.

SAT336 A Successful Ovulation Induction And Embryo Generation In A Woman With P450-oxidoreductase Deficiency From Mutation G539R, Which Preferentially Impairs 17,20-lyase Activity

Abstract Disclosure: S. Charoensri: None. M. Thakur: None. R.J. Auchus: None. Introduction: Cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder causing decreased activity of several P450 enzymes, including CYP21A2, CYP17A1, and CYP19A1 that are essential for steroidogenesis in the adrenals and gonads. Female POR deficiency patients are typically manifested with genital ambiguity, abnormal menstruation, and infertility. Very few pregnancies have been documented from these patients. Case presentation: During an evaluation for infertility, a 35-year-old woman with late menarche, irregular cycles, and unruptured ovarian follicles was diagnosed with POR deficiency due to compound heterozygous pathogenic variant c.1615G>C (G539R) and a large deletion c.1669+5_1669+32del in the POR gene. Because mutation G539R preferentially impairs the 17,20-lyase activity of CYP17A1, she underwent in-vitro fertilization (IVF) with the protocol that has been used successfully to achieve pregnancy in incomplete 17-hydroxylase deficiency. Oral dexamethasone of 0.5 mg/day was given to suppress the adrenal-derived progesterone. After one menstrual cycle induced with estradiol and progesterone priming, leuprolide acetate was used to down-regulate endogenous gonadotropin secretion, then the oocyte maturation was induced with recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (rFSH) and highly purified menotrophin. In the first cycle, 6 eggs were retrieved, 2 that were mature and fertilized with intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI); however, none advanced to the blastocyst stage. She underwent the same protocol in a second IVF cycle with higher rFSH dosing. Despite increasing dexamethasone to 1.5 mg/day, progesterone rose to 4.9 ng/mL, while estradiol peaked at 120 pg/mL, consistent with progesterone accumulation in the developing ovarian follicles due to POR deficiency. From 6 eggs retrieved, 5 eggs were mature and all fertilized, and 3 developed past day 3. On day 6, one embryo (grading 5BB) was biopsied for preimplantation genetic testing and frozen. The second phase of the treatment plan is to lower adrenal-derived progesterone with a combination of hydrocortisone and prednisolone, prepare the endometrium with estradiol followed by progesterone, and perform embryo transfer. Conclusions: Very few examples of pregnancy in women with POR deficiency have been reported, and we describe the first example of successful ovulation induction and embryo generation in a woman with POR deficiency caused by the G539R mutation, which preferentially impairs 17,20-lyase activity. The complex array of steroid excess and deficiencies, from both adrenal and ovarian origin, must be systematically managed during assisted reproduction treatment for these women. Presentation: Saturday, June 17, 2023

Reformation of Reproductive Health Using Havishyaanna in Rajaswalacharya

It’s been years that women are suffering from general disturbances associated with menstruation like abdominal pain, psychological stress, disturbed bowel movements. PG inhibitors and antispasmodic drugs etc are the popular mode of medication used in regular gynaecological clinical practice. It can give relief to the patient but has limitations over preventing the recurrence, which is, tend to happen mainly in adolescent and middle aged women due to modern lifestyle. According to Ayurveda, menstruation is a physiological process and governed by the actions of the three balanced state Doshas exist in a proper and its inequality causes abnormal menstruation. There are amazing diets and lifestyle modification given in Ayurveda which are beneficial to restore menstrual health with different combinations given in the ancient texts. Amongst all given possible diets during menstruation, Havishyanna - special diet is the most feasible as patients can make it on its own, consume for first three days of menstrual cycle which requires very less timing and has simple procedure. Menstruating women can deal with symptomatic and psychological changes occur during the menstruation by practicing Rajaswala Paricharya. Addition to this Havishyanna helps to reform reproductive health, it maintains balance of Vata dosha during menstruation, proper Rajavahan and Rajasrav, proper Rutukal nirmiti which helps to form high quality of oocyte, maintain healthy uterine environment, all these able to carry healthy pregnancy, in turn healthy Progeny.

Prevalence of Insomnia among Medical Staff during the Epidemic Prevention and Control: A Perspective on Health Behavior

Objectives: In this study, we investigated the sleep status of medical personnel in selected regions of China during the pandemic years of 2020 to 2022; we also considered their health behavior (HB). Methods: We used a random sampling method to select medical personnel for data collection in Shandong Province and its surrounding areas. For assessment instruments we used the General Situation Questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index Inventory (PSQI), Self-Assessment Scale for Anxiety (SAS), and Self-Assessment Scale for Depression (SDS). Results: A total of 621 medical personnel participated, with a mean PSQI score of 11.37±3.79. The overall detection rate of insomnia was 88.73%, with 16.79% indicating severe insomnia. The primary sleep disorder among medical staff was daytime dysfunction, followed by difficulty falling asleep, poor sleep quality, and sleep efficiency. Various factors including age, education, position/title, abnormal menstruation, working age, income, night shift, and work intensity significantly influenced sleep quality. Advanced age, higher education, higher position/title, abnormal menstruation, working night shift, and higher work intensity emerged as risk factors; having longer working years was protective. Income was a compound factor affecting sleep. Conclusion: Increasing attention to the sleep situation of medical personnel is crucial, as these factors may impact their HB.

Female Reproductive Health and Contraception Use in CKD: An International Mixed-Methods Study

Female reproductive health is recognized as a predictor of morbidity, mortality, and quality of life, although data in the setting of chronic kidney disease (CKD) are limited. A mixed-methods study was employed. Phase 1 was an anonymous, internet-based survey. Phase 2 was semistructured interviews offered to all respondents upon survey completion. The survey was disseminated internationally from October 4, 2021, to January 7, 2022, to individuals aged 18-50 years with both a uterus and CKD diagnosis. Menstrual health and contraceptive use by CKD stage (dialysis, nondialysis CKD, and transplant). Survey data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Interview data were analyzed using the framework method of analysis. Of 152 respondents, 98 (mean age 33±0.7 years; n=20dialysis, n=59nondialysis CKD, n=19transplant) satisfied the inclusion criteria, representing 3 continents. The most common causes of CKD among survey respondents were hereditary causes in dialysis (n=6, 30%) and glomerulonephritis in nondialysis CKD (n=22, 37%) and transplant (n=6, 32%). The majority reported heavy menstrual bleeding (n=12, 86% dialysis; n=46, 94% nondialysis CKD; n=14, 100% transplant). Less than half of participants were consistently able to afford period products. Condoms were the most common contraceptive reported. Most participants reported no contraceptive use (n=10, 50% dialysis; n=37, 63% nondialysis CKD; n=7, 37% transplant), primarily because of "fear". Interviews (n=6) revealed a perception of a relationship between kidney function and menstrual health, concerns about contraceptive use, and a desire for greater multidisciplinary care to improve kidney and reproductive health. Self-reported outcomes, need for internet access and a device. Abnormal menstruation and period poverty (ie, inability to afford period products and the socioeconomic consequences of menstruation) were common, and contraceptive use was low among female individuals with CKD, highlighting an important gap in the sex-specific care of this population. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) in female individuals is accompanied by menstrual disorders and low contraceptive use. However, most data are limited to the dialysis and transplant populations. Therefore, this mixed-methods study aimed to describe self-assessed menstruation and contraceptive use across all stages of CKD. People aged 18-50 years with a uterus and CKD diagnosis were invited to participate in an online survey shared internationally as well as an optional telephone interview. Abnormal menstruation and period poverty (ie, inability to afford period products and the socioeconomic consequences of menstruation) were common, and contraceptive use was low among female individuals with CKD, highlighting an important gap in the sex-specific care of this population.

The Relationship of Stress Levels and Menstrual Cycle among Female Students

Students as academic individuals cannot be separated from stress in everyday life. Academic activities, especially assignments and external demands on oneself, can create stress among female students. Perceived stress can cause the pituitary to release ACTH (Adrenocorticotropic Hormone), increasing cortisol levels and disrupting the menstrual cycle. This study aims to determine the relationship between stress and the menstrual cycle in female students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional. The method used is quantitative with an analytical design and uses a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used random sampling. The sample in this study was 150 respondents. The PSS-10 questionnaire and menstrual cycle questionnaire were used to collect data. Out of the 150 respondents, there were 7 respondents (4.7%), female students of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional, who experienced everyday stress and 45 respondents (30%) experienced mild stress, and 97 respondents experienced moderate stress (64.7%), 1 respondent (0.7%) experienced severe stress, and out of 150 respondents there were 114 respondents (76%), female students of the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional experienced normal menstruation and 36 respondents (24%) experienced abnormal menstruation. There is no significant relationship between stress levels and menstruation in female students at the Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas National, with p=0.811. Researchers suggest that female students who experience stress and menstrual disorders can relax by doing Yoga.

Hubungan Aktivitas Fisik, Pola Makan, Lama Menstruasi dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Mahasiswa Kebidanan Reguler di Universitas Kader Bangsa Tahun 2021

Anemia is caused by a lack of iron in the body. Iron deficiency itself can be caused by several things, such as low iron food intake or maybe iron in food is found in a form that is difficult to absorb, normal anemia <12mg / dl.The purpose of this study is to find out the relationship between physical activity, diet, menstrual period at Universitas Kader Bangsa Palembang in 2021. the design of this type of research is surveyanalytical with a Cross Sectional design. This research was conducted in January – February 2022 at the Universitas Kader Bangsa Palembang. The population in this study was all obstetrics students totaling 51 people, a sample was taken of 40 respondents and the total sampling technique. Students who experienced anemia were 27 people (67.5%) and did not experience anemia, namely 13 people (32.5%) And from the chi-square trial, a p value =(0.011 ≤α = 0.05) was obtained, from respondents who had heavy physical activity and anemia, namely 27 people (67.5%) and light physical activity who did not experience anemia, namely 13 people (32.5%), and from the chi-square test, a p value = (0.031 ≤α = 0.05) was obtained, from respondents who experienced an inappropriate diet who experienced anemia, namely 27 people (67.5%) and an appropriate diet who did not experience anemia that is, as many as 13 people (32.5%). And from the Chi-Square test, the P value = (0.013 ≤α = 0.05) was obtained from respondents who had abnormal menstruation for 27 people (67.5%) and normal menstrual periods who did not have anemia as many as 13 (32.5%). Thus there is a meaningful correlation simultaneously and between physical activity or diet and the duration of menstruation with the incidence of anemia. The results of this study are expected to be used as input to improve the quality of regular student health so as to reduce the incidence of anemia at Universitas Kader Bangsa.

Characterization of the volatile profile and its estrogenic activity in Kadsura coccinea fruit.

The fruit of Kadsura coccinea (Lem.) A. C. Smith is an ethnomedicine used to treat abnormal menstruation, menopausal syndrome, and female infertility among the Dong Nationality in China. Our study aimed to identify the volatile oil profiles of the K. coccinea fruit and elucidate their estrogenic activity. The peel volatile oil (PeO), pulp volatile oil (PuO), and seed volatile oil (SeO) of K. coccinea were extracted using hydrodistillation and qualitatively analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Estrogenic activity was evaluated in vitro using cell assay and in vivo using immature female rats. Serum 17β-Estradiol (E2) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels were detected using ELISA. In total, 46 PeO, 27 PuO, and 42 SeO components representing 89.96%, 90.19%, and 97% of the total composition, respectively, were identified. The compounds with the highest content in PeO, PuO, and SeO were β-caryophyllene, γ-amorphene, and n-hexadecanoic acid, respectively. PeO induced proliferation of MCF-7cells with an EC50 of 7.40μg/mL. Subcutaneous administration of 10mg/kg PeO significantly increased the weight of the uteri in immature female rats, with no effect on serum E2 and FSH levels. PeO acted as an agonist of ERα and ERβ. PuO and SeO showed no estrogenic activity. The chemical compositions of PeO, PuO, and SeO of K. coccinea are different. PeO is the main effective fraction for estrogenic activities, providing a new source of phytoestrogen for the treatment of menopausal symptoms.

The effect of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle in female in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

BackgroundRecently, few studies have mentioned minor changes in women's menstrual cycle after the COVID-19 vaccination. There were many reported cases of female menstrual cycle problems in primary healthcare clinics in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study aimed to explore the prevalence of menstrual irregularities after the COVID-19 vaccine among females of childbearing age in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Materials and MethodsThis observational cross-sectional study was conducted from dec 2021 to June 2022 in Saudi Arabia. The study was carried out by using a convenience sampling technique. ResultsOur analysis includes 1066 participants. Abnormal menstruation was significantly associated with hypertension (p-value = 0.024), polycystic ovary syndrome (p-value = 0.001), and at least one gynaecological condition (p-value < 0.001). However, the multivariate regression analysis showed that menstrual abnormality before receiving the COVID-19 vaccine (OR = 0.09, 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.14, p-value < 0.001) was more likely to be associated with abnormal menstruation after receiving the vaccine. ConclusionsOur study findings showed a significant association between covid-19 vaccination and menstruation irregularity before administering the covid-19 vaccine, irrespective of vaccine type or the number of doses administered. Future and ongoing clinical trials should investigate menstrual abnormalities, other abnormal vaginal bleeding and hormonal changes post-vaccination, especially the COVID-19 vaccine.