Abnormal Lipid Levels Research Articles

Lipid Profile Analysis of Patients in a Saudi University Clinic

Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease, the leading cause of mortality in Saudi Arabia. Abnormal lipid levels are asymptomatic but detected by fasting lipid profile analysis. This study sought to determine the patterns of lipid levels of King Faisal University (KFU) clinic patients and to identify any gender, nationality and age group differences in the mean levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). The results of lipid profile examination of 1,541 KFU clinic patients were compiled and subjected to descriptive and analytical statistics using SPSS version 20. The National Institutes of Health Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) was used for classifying the lipid profiles. Majority of the patients had desirable and borderline high levels of TC and TG as well as optimal and near optimal LDL-C. Most of the patients had borderline and low HDL-C. Hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia were more common among men than in women. Men also tend to have low HDL-C and high LDL-C. Hypercholesterolemia, low HDL-C, high and very high LDL-C were more common among Saudis while hypertriglyceridemia was more common among non-Saudi patients. Hypercholesterolemia was more common in the 50 – 59 age group. High TG, high LDL-C, and low HDL-C were more common among 40 – 49 year old patients. The mean values of TC, TG, and HDL-C differed significantly across gender and nationality groups. The mean values of all four components of the lipid profile differed significantly across age groups. Lipid profile varies across gender, nationality and age. The risk for CVD related to lipid abnormalities is greater for Saudi men who are 40 – 59 years old. The university should develop age and gender-specific strategies for primary and secondary prevention of CVD such as therapeutic lifestyle change and lipid screening guidelines.

Metabolic Dysregulation Accelerates Progression in Early Degenerative Rat Knee Joints Driven by Local Inflammatory Changes

Purpose: Obesity is a well-known and important risk factor for osteoarthritis (OA). Moreover, obesity is highly associated with the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which is defined as the simultaneous occurrence of the following factors: obesity, insulin resistance, abnormal blood lipid levels and hypertension. Growing evidence indicates that both OA and MetS are low-grade inflammatory conditions with elevation in systemic inflammatory markers. Nonetheless, it is unclear whether MetS low-grade inflammation induces OA, or contributes to the disease. The aim of this study was to determine the contribution of metabolic alterations, induced by a High-Fat Diet (HFD), on the onset or progression of OA in a rat model of local cartilage damage. Methods: Forty Wistar rats (12 weeks old, male; Charles-River, Sulzfeld, Germany), were randomly divided over two groups: twenty rats were fed a HFD (60% of the kcal contained fat: D12492i, Research Diets Inc., New Brunswick, USA) while the other animals received a standard diet. After 12 weeks, local articular cartilage damage was induced on the femoral condyles, in one knee joint according to the groove model in 14 rats of each diet group. Remaining animals served as a control group in each arm. At week 24, serum was collected, subchondral bone was assessed by μCT scan (Quantum FX, PerkinElmar, USA) to identify diet and/or surgery related changes. In addition, OA severity was evaluated by rat OARSI histopathology score and in parallel macrophage activity with CD68 immunostaining from histological sections was assessed. Results: HFD feeding resulted in metabolic dysregulation as indicated by significantly increased weight (2,6 g/day vs. 1,9 g/day; p<0.001), fasting insulin (4.2 ± 1.7 mU/L vs. 2.8 ± 1.6 mU/L; p=0.003) and total cholesterol (152 ± 30 mg/dL vs. 116 ± 32 mg/dL; p=0.003) compared to the standard fed rats. HFD feeding alone resulted in very mild cartilage degeneration (2 ± 1.1 vs 0.58 ± .7; p=0.06) and synovial inflammation (1.0 ± 0.6 vs 0.3 ± 0.5; p=0.075) both subscores of the rat OARSI histopathology score without changes on the subchondral bone parameters. However, when HFD feeding is combined with the surgical model of applied local cartilage damage, OA severity is statistically significant increased compared to the local cartilage damage group on a standard diet (6.2 ± 2.1 vs 3.4 ± 1.4; p=0.001). Synovial membrane inflammation (1.3 ± 0.9vs 0.5 ± 0.5; p=0.011; Figure 1A+D) and multiple large osteophyte formation, demonstrated by histology (0.9 ± 1 vs 0.2 ± 0.4; p=0.04; Figure 1B) and quantified on μCT (328 ± 349 μm³ vs 7 ± 14 μm³; p<0.001; see Figure 1C+E), contributes most to this increased OA severity. OA related subchondral bone changes were observed on the tibia compartment by μCT, independent for the diet. Immunohistochemical CD68 expression as observed on both the synovial membrane as well as in the subchondral bone as shown in Figure 2 can explain the increase in selected inflammatory parameters when groove surgery is combined with a HFD. Conclusions: This study shows that a high-fat diet induces metabolic alterations and increases the inflammatory state of the joint. This by itself does not result in severe osteoarthritis. However, when adding a HFD to a mild cartilage damage model of OA, joint degeneration is significantly increased 12 weeks post-surgery. This progression of joint degeneration appears to be driven mainly by the inflammatory response as demonstrated by an increased CD68 expression in both the subchondral bone and synovium membrane and enhanced synovitis and osteophytosis. Hence, our findings indicate that systemic metabolic and subsequent inflammatory factors need an additional trigger to contribute to the progression of the OA.View Large Image Figure ViewerDownload Hi-res image Download (PPT)

Preconception maternal lipoprotein levels in relation to fecundability.

Are maternal preconception lipid levels associated with fecundability? Fecundability was reduced for all abnormal female lipid levels including total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and total triglyceride levels. Subfecundity affects 7-15% of the population and lipid disorders are hypothesized to play a role since cholesterol acts as a substrate for the synthesis of steroid hormones. Evidence illustrating this relationship at the mechanistic level is mounting but few studies in humans have explored the role of preconception lipids in fecundity. A secondary analysis of the Effects of Aspirin in Gestation and Reproduction (EAGeR) trial (2007-2011), a block-randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. A total of 1228 women, with 1-2 prior pregnancy losses and without a diagnosis of infertility, attempting pregnancy for up to six menstrual cycles were recruited from clinical sites in Utah, New York, PA and Colorado. Time to pregnancy was the number of menstrual cycles to pregnancy as determined by positive hCG test or ultrasound. Individual preconception lipoproteins were measured at baseline, prior to treatment randomization and dichotomized based on clinically accepted cut-points as total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl, LDL-C ≥130 mg/dl, HDL-C <50 mg/dl and triglycerides ≥150 mg/dl. There were 148 (12.3%) women with elevated total cholesterol, 94 (7.9%) with elevated LDL-C, 280 (23.2%) with elevated triglycerides and 606 (50.7%) with low HDL-C. The fecundability odds ratio (FOR) was reduced for all abnormal lipids before and after confounder adjustment, indicating reduced fecundability. Total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dl was associated with 24% (FOR: 0.76, 95% CI: 0.59, 0.97) and 29% (FOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55, 0.93) reduced fecundability for hCG-detected and ultrasound-confirmed pregnancy, respectively, compared with total cholesterol <200 mg/dl. There was a 19-36% decrease in the probability of conception per cycle for women with abnormal lipoprotein levels, though additional adjustment for central adiposity and BMI attenuated observed associations. Although the FOR is a measure of couple fecundability, we had only measures of female lipid levels and can therefore not confirm the findings from a previous study indicating the independent role of male lipids in fecundity. The attenuated estimates and decreased precision after adjustment for central adiposity and obesity indicate the complexity of potential causal lipid pathways, suggesting other factors related to obesity besides dyslipidemia likely contribute to reduced fecundability. Our results are consistent with one other study relating preconception lipid concentrations to fecundity and expand these findings by adding critically important information about individual lipoproteins. As lipid levels are modifiable they may offer an inexpensive target to improve female fecundability. This study was funded by the Intramural Research Program of the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. The authors have declared that no conflicts of interest exist. #NCT00467363.

Identification of Dyslipidemic Patients Attending Primary Care Clinics Using Electronic Medical Record (EMR) Data from the Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network (CPCSSN) Database.

The objective of this study was to define the optimal algorithm to identify patients with dyslipidemia using electronic medical records (EMRs). EMRs of patients attending primary care clinics in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador (NL), Canada during 2009-2010, were studied to determine the best algorithm for identification of dyslipidemia. Six algorithms containing three components, dyslipidemia ICD coding, lipid lowering medication use, and abnormal laboratory lipid levels, were tested against a gold standard, defined as the existence of any of the three criteria. Linear discriminate analysis, and bootstrapping were performed following sensitivity/specificity testing and receiver's operating curve analysis. Two validating datasets, NL records of 2011-2014, and Canada-wide records of 2010-2012, were used to replicate the results. Relative to the gold standard, combining laboratory data together with lipid lowering medication consumption yielded the highest sensitivity (99.6%), NPV (98.1%), Kappa agreement (0.98), and area under the curve (AUC, 0.998). The linear discriminant analysis for this combination resulted in an error rate of 0.15 and an Eigenvalue of 1.99, and the bootstrapping led to AUC: 0.998, 95% confidence interval: 0.997-0.999, Kappa: 0.99. This algorithm in the first validating dataset yielded a sensitivity of 97%, Negative Predictive Value (NPV)=83%, Kappa=0.88, and AUC=0.98. These figures for the second validating data set were 98%, 93%, 0.95, and 0.99, respectively. Combining laboratory data with lipid lowering medication consumption within the EMR is the best algorithm for detecting dyslipidemia. These results can generate standardized information systems for dyslipidemia and other chronic disease investigations using EMRs.

Lipids in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Birth Weight

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy affect growth of fetus, birth weight too. However all babies are not small. This might have something to do with lipids. Objective: Present study was to study serum lipid levels in normal pregnant, women with HDsP, specially lipid abnormalities in HDsP and birth weight of baby. Materials and methods: Prospective study was carried out with singleton pregnancy, gestational age more than 20 weeks with HDsP. Normotensive pregnant women, matched for age, (+2) parity (+1), gestational age (+2 weeks) were controls. Fasting serum lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) were estimated at entry, repeated 7 days. Criterion for small for gestation weight was less than 2500 gms birth weight of >37 weeks babies. Preterm were excluded for analysis. Results: During study there were 7233 births, 964 had HDsP (13.32%), 635 (66%) term (>37 weeks) pregnancy. Of 451 women with mild gestational hypertension (GH), 425 had abnormal lipids, 117 (27.52%) of them, of 26 with normal lipids, 23.07% had SGA babies, more babies SGA with higher LDL, VLDL, Tri glycerides, lower HDL. Among 58 term cases with severe GH, 50 had abnormal lipid levels, 8 (16%) and of 8 with normal lipids, one (12.5%) had SGA baby, more babies SGA with abnormal lipids. Among 65 of term gestation with mild PE, 48 had abnormal lipids, 17 (35.41%) and of 17 with normal lipids 4 (23.52%) had SGA babies with abnormal lipids, more SGA babies with abnormal lipids. With severe PE, all 44 had some lipid abnormality, 59% had SGA babies. All 17 with eclampsia at term had abnormal lipids, 16 (94.11%) had SGA babies. However in all categories difference was statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Lipid abnormalities were present in quite a few cases of HDsP and when present affected baby weight. A lot of more research is needed.

Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level along with Lipid Profile in a Gujarati Population diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACT Aims and objectives Diabetes is a common endocrinal disorder. Abnormal lipid and magnesium levels are observed in diabetes in many studies. The current study was done with an aim to find the relationship between lipid with magnesium and diabetes mellitus in Gujarati population. Materials and methods The cross-sectional study included 60 diabetics and 50 healthy subjects. Each subject was interviewed, examined, and investigated for serum lipid profile and magnesium. A 12-hour overnight fasting was recommended. The statistical analysis of data obtained was done by Student's t-test and calculation of Pearson correlation coefficient. Result Routine biochemical investigations showed a significant rise (p &lt; 0.01) of fasting plasma glucose, triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-C) in diabetics, in comparison with controls (p &lt; 0.01). Among diabetics, males have significantly higher (p &lt; 0.01) TC, TG, and LDL-C while significantly lower high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C). Significant inverse correlation of magnesium with TC (r = −0.18), TGs (r = −0.14), LDL-C (r = −0.27), fasting blood sugar (FBS; r = −0.12) and direct correlation with HDL-C (r = 026) were observed in cases. Conclusion The major highlights of the current study are lower magnesium levels in cases compared with controls. In the current study, serum magnesium level has been found to be inversely related to cholesterol, TG, and LDL-C levels, while it is directly associated with HDL-C level. Hence, it could play a role in controlling the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD)-associated morbidities in future. How to cite this article Sendhav SS, Kakaiya A, Chatterjee B. Evaluation of Serum Magnesium Level along with Lipid Profile in a Gujarati Population diagnosed with Diabetes Mellitus. Indian J Med Biochem 2017;21(2):112-116.

PNPLA5-knockout rats induced by CRISPR/Cas9 exhibit abnormal bleeding and lipid level

Patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 5 (PNPLA5) is a neotype neutral lipase with dual activity of anabolism and catabolism in vitro and in vivo, which has a low mRNA expression level in humans and mice. PNPLA5, which is localized to lipid droplets and required for efficient autophagy by optimal initiation, has been speculated to possess triglyceride hydrolase activity, and has been associated with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Above all, PNPLA5 is a relatively new gene, which is reported less about its biological function research, especially the function research in the rats is still blank. In this study, we examined the spatiotemporal expression profile of PNPLA5 and found that it was expressed at low levels in most organs of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, but was present at very high levels in the skin and testes. To further determine the biological function of PNPLA5 in mammals, we generated PNPLA5-knockout SD rats using the clustered regularly-interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9 system. PNPLA5-null rats were viable, but showed a variety of phenotypic abnormalities, such as abnormal bleeding, and varied hematobiochemical parameters including increased serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level, and reduced LDL-C level, compared with wild-type control rats. These data are consistent with an important role for PNPLA5 in lipid metabolism, providing a new target gene and animal model for treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the future.

Abstract 11395: Enhanced External Counter Pulsation Improves Lipid Abnormalities in Patients With Chronic Ischemic Heart Disease

Introduction: Enhanced external counter pulsation (EECP) is effective in improving anginal symptoms in patients with ischemic heart disease (IHD); however its effect on the lipid profile has not yet been reported. Hypothesis: Exercise like peripheral muscle training effect of EECP could improve lipid profile. Methods: Two hundred and twenty nine consecutive patients, age 61.2+/-9.5 years, 207 (90.3%) males, left ventricular ejection fraction 35.5+/-11.7%, referred for EECP therapy between 2013 and 2016 were included in the study. All patients had symptomatic IHD and were on anti-ischemic and statin therapy. Patients were subjected to 35 EECP sessions of one hour each. All patients were subjected to a thorough clinical evaluation and a 12 hour fasting lipid profile estimation at the baseline and after completion of 35 sessions of EECP therapy. Concomitant medical therapy, including statins, remained unaltered during the course of EECP. Results: Significant improvement was noted in functional class, 6 minute hall walk test and activity scale after EECP therapy. Lipid abnormalities were common in these patients at baseline with 104 (45.4%) subjects having low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC) &gt; 70 mg/dl, 128 (55.8%) having high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC) &lt;35mg/dl and 79 (34.5%) having triglycerides &gt;140mg/dl. EECP resulted in significant improvement in lipid parameters in these patients- LDLC decreased by 18.5% (from 95.1+/-26.7 to 77.5+/-24.3 mg/dl, P value &lt;0.0001), triglycerides decreased by 18.9% (from 198.3+/-76.4 to 160.8+/-56.6 mg/dl, , P value &lt;0.0001) and HDLC increased by 14.2% (from 28.1+/-5.2 to 32.1+/-9.1 mg/dl, P value &lt;0.0001). The subgroups with worse baseline lipid levels showed larger improvement- patients having baseline LDLC &gt;100mg/dl showed 29.6% reduction in LDLC and those with HDLC &lt;25mg/dl showed 41.3% increase in HDLC after EECP therapy. Conclusions: Patients with IHD having abnormal baseline lipid levels despite statin therapy show significant improvement in LDLC, triglyceride and HDLC levels after EECP therapy. This improvement is likely to be due to the exercise like peripheral muscle training effect of EECP and needs further evaluation.

Serum Lipid Profile, Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia, and Associated Risk Factors Among Northern Mexican Adolescents.

The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the serum lipid profile, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and associated risk factors among the North Mexican adolescent population. Two hundred and ninety-three subjects (47.8% girls) ages 11 to 16 years took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011-2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as a presence of ≥1 of the following levels (mg/dL): Total cholesterol ≥200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40, and triglyceride ≥130. The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 48.8% with no differences between sexes. Adolescents with high body mass index were more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (overweight: odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.77, P < 0.05; obesity: OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.11-4.41, P < 0.05) than those with normal weight. Abdominally subjects with obesity were also more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35-3.91, P < 0.01) than their leaner counterparts. Half of Mexican adolescents living in the State of Nuevo León have at least 1 abnormal lipid concentration. Low HDL-chol level was the most common dyslipidaemia. Body mass index and abdominal obesity were associated with the prevalence of at least 1 abnormal lipid level.

The antihypercholesterolemic effect of columbamine from Rhizoma Coptidis in HFHC-diet induced hamsters through HNF-4α/FTF-mediated CYP7A1 activation

The aim of this study was to investigate the antihypercholesterolemic activity and potential molecular mechanism of columbamine (COL) that was prepared by extraction from Rhizoma Coptidis in hamsters and HepG2 cells. The results displayed that the COL from Rhizoma Coptidis was a safe natural compound with a LD50 0f 1524.6mg/kg and no detectable toxic symptoms during the observation of chronic toxicity. COL dose-dependently reversed the abnormal lipid levels induced by HFHC diet. Specifically, COL(M) and COL(H) significantly reduced the blood lipid levels(TC, TG and LDL-c) and enhanced the fecal contents of TBA by 21.8% and 25.1% respectively in hamsters. COL up-regulated the genes of CYP8B1, CYP7A1 and LDLR in mRNA and protein level, and down-regulated those of HMGCR to a different degree. Especially, CYP7A1 were significantly up-regulated by COL in hamsters (p<0.01). Further analysis indicated that COL obviously activated the mRNA and protein expression of the transcription factors FTF, HNF-4α, and inhibited those of SHP. Promoter luciferase assay showed that COL induced the expression of FTF and HNF-4α, further transactivating CYP7A1, which accelerated the conversion of liver cholesterol to bile acids. It concluded that the COL showed high lipid-lowering activities through indirectly transactivating CYP7A1 by upregulating FTF and HNF-4α, and directly activating CYP7A1 catalytic activity by strongly interacting with receptor and ligand, therefore promoting cholesterol catabolism and accelerating the excretion of bile acids.

Eating habits and presence of cardiovascular risks in children.

The changes in the eating habits associated with physical inactivity are directly related to the increase in the prevalence of obesity and associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus (DM), metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between the frequency of consumption of some food groups (snacks, fruits, vegetables and candies), physical exercise, nutritional classification and biochemical profile in children. After the approval of the Ethics Committee, we studied 882 schoolchildren ranging between 6 and 10 years of age. Biochemical and anthropometric evaluations were performed and questionnaires were used in order to check the eating habits and physical activity. Our results showed that we may relate the consumption of snacks, fruits, vegetables or candies with modifications in the glycemia, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, and LDL-c but we did not observe association with the nutritional classification. It is noteworthy to say that almost 50% of the studied children were overweight or obese and many presented alterations in the lipid and glucose levels. Our results also show that many children have abnormal levels of lipids and glycemia and a great number of them are classified as overweight or obese. In this context, we can say that urgent approaches are needed to be carried out by a multidisciplinary team in order to improve the diet and reduces the risk factors in this population of children and prevent secondary diseases in adolescence and adulthood.

Associations between sleep duration and abnormal serum lipid levels: data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)

BackgroundShorter or longer sleep duration has been reported to be associated with abnormal serum lipid levels, but the findings have been inconsistent. This study examined associations between sleep duration and abnormal serum lipid levels in a Korean adult population. MethodsThis study used the data of 13,609 people aged ≥20 years from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) in 2010–2012. Sleep duration was classified into five groups: ≤5, 6, 7 (reference category), 8, and ≥9 hours. The serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglyceride were measured and defined in terms of abnormal serum lipid levels. Multiple logistic regressions were performed to determine the associations between sleep duration and abnormal serum lipid levels. The covariates included age, sex, education, marital status, current smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, hypertension, diabetes, depressive symptoms, and stress level. ResultsSelf-reported sleep duration of ≤5 hours was significantly associated with high TC and high LDL-C levels in unadjusted models, but after adjusting for age and sex, the statistical significance disappeared. On the other hand, after adjusting for covariates, self-reported sleep duration of ≥9 h was significantly associated with low HDL-C levels (odds ratio = 1.30; 95% confidence interval = 1.09–1.54). ConclusionsThese findings suggest that longer sleep duration is associated with low HDL-C levels among Korean adults.

Metabolic dysregulation accelerates progression in early degenerative rat knee joints driven by local inflammatory changes

Metabolic dysregulation accelerates progression in early degenerative rat knee joints driven by local inflammatory changes

Abstract P5-07-06: A competing risks analysis of the association between prediagnostic serum glucose and lipids and breast cancer survival

Abstract Background: Abnormal levels of glucose and lipids may be linked to survival after breast cancer (BC) diagnosis, but their association to other causes of mortality such as cardiovascular (CV) disease may result in a competing risk problem and invalidate conventional analyses. Methods: We assessed serum glucose, triglycerides (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) measured prospectively three months to three years before diagnosis in 1,798 women with BC in the Swedish Apolipoprotein Mortality Risk Study (AMORIS). In addition to using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression, we employed latent class proportional hazards models to capture any heterogeneity of associations between these markers and BC death. The latter method was extended to include the primary outcome (BC death) and competing outcomes (CV death and death from other causes), allowing latent class-specific hazard estimation for cause-specific deaths. Results: No association between prediagnostic glucose, TG or TC with BC death was observed with Cox regression. With latent class proportional hazards model, two latent classes (Class I and II) were identified in the cohort. Class I, comprising the majority (81.5%) of BC patients, had an increased risk of BC death following higher TG levels (HR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.01-3.45 for every log TG increase). Lower overall survival was observed in Class II, but no association for BC death was found. On the other hand, TC positively corresponded to CV death in Class II, and similarly, glucose to death from other causes. Conclusion: Higher TG was associated with an increased risk of BC death in the majority of BC patients. Our study also identified a subgroup of BC patients at higher risk of early death likely driven by other metabolic-related diseases, which adds to our understanding into BC survival in presence of competing outcomes. Citation Format: Wulaningsih W, Vahdaninia M, Rowley M, Holmberg L, Garmo H, Malmstrom H, Lambe M, Hammar N, Walldius G, Jungner I, Coolen A, Van Hemelrijck M. A competing risks analysis of the association between prediagnostic serum glucose and lipids and breast cancer survival. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-07-06.

Correlation Between ABCA1 Gene Polymorphism and aopA-I and HDL-C in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm.

BackgroundAs the most common type of aneurysm, abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) has an unfavorable prognosis due to the high frequency of rupture. Studies have indicated a close relationship between the pathogenesis and progression of AAA and abnormal serum lipid levels. ATP-binding cassette transport protein A1 (ABCA1) is a cell-surface protein facilitating cellular efflux of cholesterol. The single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of ABCA1 gene has been suggested to be correlated with abnormal metabolism of lipids. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between ABCA1 polymorphism and apoA-I and HDL-C in an attempt to elucidate its correlation with AAA occurrence.Material/MethodsWe included 126 AAA patients and 119 healthy controls in this study. PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) were used to detect the SNP pattern of ABCA1 gene at locus rs2230806 from both AAA patients and healthy controls. The distribution pattern and correlation with apoA-I and HDL-C was analyzed.ResultsThe distribution of KK/RR genotype of ABCA1 gene had significant difference between disease and control group, with lower rates of RR genotype and R allele in the disease group (p<0.05). Levels of apoA-I and HDL-C, but not triglyceride and LDL-C levels, in AAA patients who carried R allele in ABCA1 gene (including RR and RK genotypes) were higher than in non-carriers (p<0.05). The R allele of ABCA1 gene was shown to be related with the occurrence of AAA (p<0.05).ConclusionsPolymorphism of ABCA1 gene is correlated with AAA occurrence, possibly via the regulation of serum lipid metabolism by R allele.

10-Year Trends in Serum Lipid Levels and Dyslipidemia Among Children and Adolescents From Several Schools in Beijing, China.

BackgroundSerum lipid trends in children and adolescents are predictors of the future prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults.MethodsData were obtained from cross-sectional studies conducted in 2004 and 2014. A total of 3249 children aged 6–18 years were included in the present study; serum total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and triglycerides (TG) were measured.ResultsOverall, upward trends in mean TC, non-HDL-C, and LDL-C levels, and in geometric mean TG levels, were observed (all P < 0.001). Mean HDL-C levels significantly decreased between 2004 and 2014 (from 1.54 mmol/L to 1.47 mmol/L; P < 0.001). The prevalence of abnormal levels of serum lipids, with the exception of the prevalence of low HDL-C (P = 0.503), significantly increased over the study period (all P < 0.05). The prevalence of hyperlipidemia (from 13.3%; 95% confidence interval [CI], 11.6%–15.0% to 24.5%; 95% CI, 22.4%–26.6%; P < 0.001) and dyslipidemia (from 18.8%; 95% CI, 16.9%–20.7% to 28.9%; 95% CI, 26.7%–31.3%; P < 0.001) also increased from 2004 to 2014. The prevalence of abnormal serum lipids increased, and mean serum lipid levels, with the exception of TC levels, worsened in subjects with obesity compared with non-overweight subjects, as well as in subjects with mixed obesity compared with non-obese subjects (P < 0.05 for all).ConclusionsAdverse trends in serum lipid concentrations over the past 10 years were observed among children aged 6–9 years, with the exception of specific lipids, and among adolescents aged 10–18 years, from several schools in Beijing, China.

Achilles Tendon Rupture and Abnormal Lipid Profile: A Descriptive Clinical Laboratory and Histology Study

Introduction: Several human and animal studies have revealed a link between abnormal serum lipid levels and Achilles tendon rupture. However, clinicians have not detected macroscopic amounts of fatty tissue during the repair of ruptured tendons.Material and Methods: A lipid profile and evaluation of tendon lipomatosis were performed in a group of 65 patients with Achilles tendon rupture recruited over a two-year period at two French hospitals. Cardiovascular and tendon rupture risk factors were inventoried.Results: Ten patients had a history of hypercholesterolemia, seven of whom were undergoing statin treatment (15%). Two patients had known risk factors for tendon rupture (3%): one was taking inhaled corticosteroids and the other suffered from hyperuricemia. Total cholesterol was normal in 63% of cases; triglycerides were normal in 67% of cases and HDL cholesterol was normal in 54% of cases. If cardiovascular risk factors were taken into account, the portion of high-LDL cholesterol went from 17% to 23%, but this was not significant. Pathology analysis found four cases of tendon lipomatosis among the 36 collected samples (11%).Discussion: Since this study did not include a control group, we cannot make any conclusions about the lack of relationship between abnormal lipid profile and tendon rupture. The prevalence of hypercholesterolemia in our study population was similar to that of the general population. Although high cholesterol levels have been implicated by some authors, cholesterol accumulation within the tendon is probably not directly responsible for weakening it; however, an increase in atheromatous plaque in tendon blood vessels may lead to hypoxia.

Prospective study of blood lipid parameters in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus and its correlation with the glycated hemoglobin

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are accompanied (many a time ignored) by dyslipidemia; such patients are the easy targets for the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). An early treatment to normalize abnormal lipid levels can reduce the CVD and related mortality. The aim was to measure blood lipid parameters in patients with T2DM and their relation with the glycemic control. Methods: Prospective study including 124 T2DM patients in the Department of Medicine, Mayo Institute of Medical sciences, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India between January 2016 to June 2016. Brief history, examination and investigations including fasting plasma glucose (FPG), post prandial blood glucose (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) were done. Correlation was obtained for lipid parameters between patients having HbA1c 0.05). A significant positive correlation was obtained between HbA1c and TC (r=0.216, p=0.016), TG (r=0.269, p=0.003), LDL/HDL ratio (r=0.296, p=0.001), VLDL-C (r=0.235, p=0.009) and non HDL-C (r=0.250, p=0.007) whereas a negative correlation was obtained with HDL-C (r= -0.192, p=0.032). In present study, 21.77% had hypercholesterolemia, 54.83% had low HDL-C level, 32.25% had hypertriglyceridemia and 72.58% patients had high LDL-C level. Conclusions: Type 2 DM is associated with dyslipidemia and both together are the major risk factors for development of cardiovascular disease. There was a positive correlation between HbA1c and abnormal lipid parameters in patients with T2DM.

Low Levels of HDL in Fragile X Syndrome Patients.

Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is the most common form of familial mental retardation and one of the leading known causes of autism. The mutation responsible for FXS is a large expansion of the CGG repeats in the promoter region of the FMR1 gene resulting in the transcriptional silencing of the gene in the pathophysiology of Fragile X syndrome was hypothesized. 23 male patients affected by Fragile X syndrome (full mutation in the FMR1 gene) and 24 controls were included in the study. The serum levels of HDL-C were lower in FXS patients (p < 0.001). The serum levels triacylglycerols were higher in FXS patients (p = 0.007) Further study involving larger samples are necessary to confirm the results and define the health implications for abnormal lipid levels in FXS patients.

Analysis of serum lipids levels and the establishment of reference intervals for serum lipids in middle and late pregnancy

To explore the serum lipids levels in healthy pregnant women, and to establish the reference intervals of serum lipids in middle and late pregnancy. Triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCH), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL), apo-lipoprotein-A(APO-A) and apo-lipoprotein-B (APO-B) were measured in 3 200 pregnant women and 3 200 healthy women of childbearing age(the control group) from January 2014 to Febuary 2015 in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University. In the healthy pregnant women, serum lipids were measured at 14-20, 24-28 and 37-40 gestational weeks, respectively. All the parameters were detected by Hitachi 7180 automatic biochemical analyzer. The test results were calculated and determined by the C28-A3 standard of the National Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. And the normal reference intervals of serum lipids in middle and late pregnancy were defined as 2.5%-97.5%. (1) The levels of TG, TCH, HDL, LDL, APO-A and APO-B in the control group were 0.8, 4.2, 1.0, 2.7 mmol/L and 1.1, 0.8 g/L, respectively. The levels of TG, TCH, HDL, LDL, APO-A and APO-B in middle and late pregnancy were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). (2) The serum lipids levels at 14-20, 24-28 and 37-40 gestational weeks in healthy pregnant women were compared with the control group as following. The TG levels were 1.9, 3.8 and 4.4 folds of the control group; the TCH levels were 1.1, 1.5 and 1.5 folds of the control group; the HDL levels were 1.2, 1.6 and 1.5 folds of the control group; the LDL levels were 1.1, 1.4 and 1.4 folds of the control group; the APO-A levels were 1.3, 1.4 and 1.5 folds of the control group; and the APO-B levels were 1.1, 1.5 and 1.5 fold of the control group respectively. The TG level was the most increased, and it increased gradually with gestational age (P<0.01). (3) The median of LDL to HDL cholesterol ratio in the healthy pregnancy group at 14-20, 24-28 and 37-40 gestational weeks were 2.7, 2.5, 2.6, respectively, which were significantly lower than that of the control group (2.8; P<0.05). (4) Reference intervals of serum lipids at 14-20, 24-28 and 37-40 gestational weeks in healthy pregnant women were as following. The TG levels were 0.7-3.9, 1.7-6.3 and 1.6-8.1 mmol/L, respectively; the TCH were 3.3-6.9, 4.3-8.3, 4.3-8.7 mmol/L, respectively; the HDL were 0.8-1.8, 1.0-2.1 and 1.0-2.1 mmol/L, respectively; the LDL were 2.1-4.5, 2.7-5.1 and 2.6-5.2 mmol/L, respectively; the APO-A were 1.1-1.8, 1.2-1.9 and 1.1-2.4 g/L, respectively; and the APO-B were 0.6-1.4, 0.9-1.8 and 0.8-2.1 g/L, respectively. The LDL/HDL ratios were 2.3-3.1, 2.2-2.9 and 2.1-3.0, respectively. Serum lipids increased physiologically with gestational age in middle and late pregnancy. The establishment of reference intervals for serum lipids in pregnancy will help to distinguish abnormal serum lipid levels in middle and late pregnancy.