Abnormal Lipid Concentrations Research Articles

Perilla seed oil as an adjunctive treatment with statins improves lipid profiles in elderly patients: a post hoc data analysis

Background: Dyslipidemia is characterized by abnormal lipid concentrations in the bloodstream, heightening the risk of atherosclerosis. While statins are primarily prescribed to treat dyslipidemia, not all patients benefit from them for various reasons, such as intolerance, myopathy, and hepatotoxicity. Perilla frutescens (L.) Britton, traditionally grown in East Asia, has been used for various therapeutic purposes. The seed oil of this plant is prosperous in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Previous research found the efficacy of perilla (P. frutescens) seed oil in reducing cholesterol in patients with dementia. Our study aimed to determine if the lipid-lowering effects of P. frutescens seed oil occur on their own or alongside statin treatments by conducting a retrospective analysis of existing data to assess its efficacy in improving lipid profiles among the elderly.Objective: This study aimed to understand if P. frutescens seed oil inherently possesses lipid-lowering properties or if these effects are amplified when combined with statins.Methods: A retrospective post hoc analysis was performed on 182 geriatric patients previously involved in a dementia study. These patients were categorized into four groups: those administered both P. frutescens seed oil and a statin (G1), only P. frutescens seed oil (G2), only a statin (G3), and neither (G4). The outcomes evaluated post-intervention included lipid profiles, liver and renal functions, complete blood count, and neutrophils to lymphocytes and platelets (N/LP) ratio.Results: Patients in G1 exhibited the most pronounced reductions in total cholesterol and LDL-C levels, suggesting a potential synergistic effect when P. frutescens seed oil is combined with statins. Liver enzyme levels remained stable across all groups, suggesting the hepatic safety of P. frutescens seed oil even when co-administered with statins.Conclusion: P. frutescens seed oil, particularly when used alongside statins, exhibits the potential to improve lipid profiles and may also offer liver protection. However, extended studies are necessary to understand its therapeutic significance in cardiovascular disease management fully.Keywords: Perilla frutescens,omega-3,statins, lipid profile, elderly, hepatoprotection, functional food, bioactive compound

Molecular diagnosis of genetic dyslipidaemias by next generation sequencing

Background and Aims : Dyslipidaemia is a group of disorders of lipid metabolism characterized by abnormal lipid concentrations and are associated to serious conditions that can be prevented by early identification of patients. This project aims to characterize 96 Portuguese patients with clinical diagnoses of 3 main familial dyslipidemias.Methods: Molecular analysis (19 genes of lipid metabolism) was performed by Next Generation Sequencing. NGS Library was run on an Illumina NextSeq.Conclusions: This project contributed to a personalized diagnosis and treatment of Portuguese individuals improving patients’ prognosis. Since several variants of uncertain significance were found and might constitute a genetic cause of dyslipidemia, functional studies will be essential to investigate their impact. Background and Aims : Dyslipidaemia is a group of disorders of lipid metabolism characterized by abnormal lipid concentrations and are associated to serious conditions that can be prevented by early identification of patients. This project aims to characterize 96 Portuguese patients with clinical diagnoses of 3 main familial dyslipidemias. Methods: Molecular analysis (19 genes of lipid metabolism) was performed by Next Generation Sequencing. NGS Library was run on an Illumina NextSeq. Conclusions: This project contributed to a personalized diagnosis and treatment of Portuguese individuals improving patients’ prognosis. Since several variants of uncertain significance were found and might constitute a genetic cause of dyslipidemia, functional studies will be essential to investigate their impact.

The possible attribution of abnormal lipid concentrations in Heart Failure: A comparative study.

Objective : To find out the role of dyslipedemia as a contributing factor in heart failure cases and study comparatively with the Framingham study (meta analysis).
 Methods : This was a cross- sectional study conducted in a tertiary care hospital. The study was approved by the ethics committee of the institute and consent was taken from each participant before enrolling in the study. A total of 100 cases with signs and symptoms of heart failure (Acute/Acute on Chronic and Chronic heart failure) were included in the study.
 Background : The relationship of lipid concentrations to heart failure has been evaluated in a study derived from Framigham Heart study participants.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese and nonobese pediatric patients.

PurposeObesity is risk factor for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, nonobese patients are also increasingly susceptible to NAFLD. The aim of this study was to compare the clinical characteristics of obese and nonobese pediatric patients with NAFLD.MethodsWe retrospectively studied 68 patients who were diagnosed with NAFLD between January 2010 and October 2016 at 10–18 years of age. Body mass index ≥95th percentile for age and sex was defined as obesity. Abdominal ultrasonography and laboratory, anthropometrics measurements were evaluated.ResultsAmong the 68, 26 (38.2%) were nonobese patients. The ratio of male to female was 5.8:1, and the median age at diagnosis was 13 years (range, 10–17 years). Significant higher triglyceride (223.0 mg/dL vs. 145.9 mg/dL, P=0.047) and total cholesterol levels (211.6 mg/dL vs. 173.2 mg/dL, P=0.011) were shown in nonobese than obese patients. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol level <40 mg/dL (hazard ratio [HR], 6.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.13–7.10; P=0.048), total cholesterol level >200mg/dL (HR, 5.6; 95% CI, 1.23–15.31; P=0.038) and abdominal obesity (HR, 2.53; 95% CI, 1.22–4.68; P=0.013) were significant risk factors for NAFLD in nonobese patients.ConclusionNonobese patients present a substantial proportion of pediatric NAFLD cases. Significant abnormal lipid concentrations were found in nonobese and abdominal obesity was important risk factor for nonobese NAFLD.

The differential effects of changes in individual macronutrient intake on changes in lipid concentrations during childhood: From the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort

High carbohydrate or fat intake is responsible for abnormal lipid concentrations in adults, but few studies of children have been reported. Using data from a Korean children's cohort study, we assessed the association between macronutrient intake and lipid profile with a longitudinal association during a 4-year follow-up. Using 2 days of 24-h dietary data obtained at 3 (n=323) and 7 (n=292) years old from the Ewha Birth & Growth Cohort, we calculated changes (n=103) in macronutrient intake in terms of energy-adjusted intake and percent total energy for nutrients. Changes in lipid profiles (TC: total cholesterol, TG: triglyceride, HDL-c: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-c: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) are the primary outcomes in this study. The effects of individual changes in macronutrient intake on changes in lipid profiles over time were assessed using multiple regression analyses. The percentages of total energy from carbohydrates and fat were 59.1% and 27.4% at baseline, respectively. Those in the highest tertile of carbohydrate intake showed the highest mean TG and lowest mean TC and HDL-c levels, regardless of observation time. By contrast, those with the highest fat intake indicated the lowest mean TG and highest mean TC and HDL-c at 7 years old. In addition, increased intake of carbohydrates had an unfavorable effect on TG, while increased intake of fat, especially animal-based fat, increased LDL-c levels over time. Our study showed that a relatively high intake of carbohydrate or fat among children had an unfavorable effect on lipid concentrations based on a longitudinal approach.

Influence of Partial External Biliary Diversion on the Lipid Profile in Children With Progressive Familial Intrahepatic Cholestasis.

The concentration of bile acids is highly increased in progressive familial intrahepatic cholestasis (PFIC). Bile acids are the end products of cholesterol metabolism, and aid in the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins and dietary fat. The aim of our study was to investigate lipid metabolism in patients with PFIC with focus on the effect of partial external biliary diversion (PEBD). In 26 patients with PFIC, who underwent PEBD surgery at the median age of 2.2 years (range: 0.4-16.6), we analyzed the concentrations of lipids and apolipoproteins both before and 6 months after PEBD. Patients were split into 2 groups according to the outcome of surgery (either "good" or "poor"), and were analyzed separately. A "good" result following surgery was defined as complete relief from pruritus, and normalization of total bilirubin (<1.0 mg/dL) and bile acid concentration in serum (<12 μmol/L). We found abnormal lipid concentrations at baseline in all 26 patients: cholesterol was increased (>190 mg/dL) in 13 patients, phospholipids were increased (>250 mg/dL) in 5 patients, and triglyceride concentration was increased (>150 mg/dL) in 13 patients. After PEBD, the concentrations of plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and phospholipids decreased significantly, whereas, ApoA-I and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations increased and the concentrations of apolipoprotein B, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol significantly decreased. PEBD had neither an effect on ApoE concentration nor on lecithin-cholesterol acyl transferase activity. In the group with a "poor" outcome report following PEBD, total serum cholesterol concentration decreased significantly, and no effect on the concentrations of triglycerides and phospholipids were observed. Patients with PFIC present with a high risk of lipid disturbances. PEBD has a beneficial effect on lipid profile in the majority of cases.

Serum Lipid Profile, Prevalence of Dyslipidaemia, and Associated Risk Factors Among Northern Mexican Adolescents.

The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the serum lipid profile, the prevalence of dyslipidaemia, and associated risk factors among the North Mexican adolescent population. Two hundred and ninety-three subjects (47.8% girls) ages 11 to 16 years took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011-2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as a presence of ≥1 of the following levels (mg/dL): Total cholesterol ≥200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol <40, and triglyceride ≥130. The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 48.8% with no differences between sexes. Adolescents with high body mass index were more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (overweight: odds ratio [OR]: 2.07; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.14-3.77, P < 0.05; obesity: OR: 2.21, 95% CI: 1.11-4.41, P < 0.05) than those with normal weight. Abdominally subjects with obesity were also more likely to have at least 1 abnormal lipid level (OR: 2.30; 95% CI: 1.35-3.91, P < 0.01) than their leaner counterparts. Half of Mexican adolescents living in the State of Nuevo León have at least 1 abnormal lipid concentration. Low HDL-chol level was the most common dyslipidaemia. Body mass index and abdominal obesity were associated with the prevalence of at least 1 abnormal lipid level.

Serum lipid levels and dyslipidaemia prevalence among 2-10 year-old Northern Mexican children.

Background and AimsThe increase in overweight and obese children may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among the Northern Mexican child population.Methods and ResultsFour hundred and fifty-one subjects aged between 2 and 10 (47.5% girls) took part in the Nuevo León State Survey of Nutrition and Health 2011–2012. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, serum lipid levels (mg/dL) were categorized into three subgroups (acceptable, borderline-high/low or high/low) as follows: TChol: acceptable <170, borderline-high 170–199, high ≥200; LDL-chol: acceptable <110, borderline-high 110–129, high ≥130; non-HDL-chol: acceptable <120, borderline-high 120–144, high ≥145; HDL-chol: acceptable >45, borderline-low 40–45, low <40; and TG: acceptable <75, borderline-high 75–99, high ≥100 in ≤9 year-old children, and acceptable <90, borderline-high 90–129, and high ≥130 in 10 year-old children. The overall prevalence of borderline-high + high TG, non-HDL-chol, TChol, and LDL-chol was 63.0%, 44.1%, 43.5%, and 29.9%, respectively. The overall prevalence of borderline-low + low HDL-chol was 46.3%. The overall frequency of dyslipidaemia was 54.3%. Thirteen children (2.9%) had all five symptoms of dyslipidaemia. The most common dyslipidaemia was high TG in combination (26.2%) and in isolation (10.6%).ConclusionsHalf of the children had at least one abnormal lipid concentration. A high TG level was the most frequent dyslipidaemia. Obesity was associated with the occurrence of at least one abnormal lipid level. These findings emphasize the need to pay further attention to the prevention of cardiovascular disease and obesity from an early age.

High prevalence of dyslipidemia and associated risk factors among rural Chinese adults.

BackgroundDyslipidemia is a key independent modifiable risk factor for Cardiovascular Disease, which is a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in most developed and developing countries. This study was designed to investigate the current epidemiological features of dyslipidemia among adults in rural China.MethodsBetween January 2013 and August 2013, we conducted a cross-sectional study involving 11,956 subjects with age ≥35 years in a general Chinese population. Permanent residents of the population were invited to participate in the study and the response rate was at 85.3%. Dyslipidemia was identified based on serum lipids levels following the standards proposed by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associated risk factors for dyslipidemia.ResultsWithin the study population, 16.4% had high TC, 13.8% had low HDL-C, 7.6% had high LDL-C, and 17.3% had high TG concentrations. Prevalence of lipid abnormality (including borderline dyslipidemia and dyslipidemia) was 47.8%, 13.8%, 25.7% and 30.7% for TC, HDL-C, LDL-C and TG, respectively. Detailed analysis indicated that 36.9% of this population had at least one type of dyslipidemia and 64.4% had at least one type of abnormal lipid concentration. Thus, this study observed an alarmingly higher prevalence of lipid abnormality, in a relatively large population, compared to previous studies. Further, we determined that not all of the risk factors studied, including age, gender, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, smoking, drinking, education level, marital status, and family income, influenced dyslipidemia to the same extent.ConclusionsOur present study, in a population of 11,956 adults in Liaoning Providence, demonstrated a very high prevalence of dyslipidemia, which represented an alarming rise since the publication of our previous study and other similar studies around the world, which report lower levels. We also examined various risk factors for dyslipidemia, many of which are modifiable risk factors for Cardiovascular Disease (CVD), to provide a comprehensive view that will help in designing strategies to slow the rapid spread and promote effective measures to treat dyslipidemia. Our ultimate goal is to prevent the increasing prevalence of lipid abnormality and reduce the burden of CVD in rural China.

Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among Balearic Islands adolescents, a Mediterranean region.

The increase in overweight and obese children and adolescents may be linked to increased rates of dyslipidaemia. The aim was to assess the prevalence of dyslipidaemia and associated risk factors among the Balearic Islands' adolescent population. A random sample (n=362, 143 boys and 219 girls, aged 12-17 years) was interviewed, anthropometrically measured and fasting blood samples taken. According to the 2011 Expert Panel on Integrated Guidelines for Cardiovascular Health and Risk Reduction in Children and Adolescents, dyslipidaemia was defined as the presence of one or more of the following levels (mg/dl): total cholesterol (TChol)⩾200, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol)⩾130, non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-chol)⩾145, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol)<40 and tryglicerides (TG)⩾130. The overall prevalence of borderline-high+high TChol, LDL-chol, non-HDL-chol and TG was 24.3, 10.4, 13.3 and 14.9%, respectively. The TChol prevalence was higher among girls (27.8%) than the boys (19.1%). The overall prevalence of borderline-low+low HDL-chol was 12.2% (boys 20.7%; girls 6.3%). The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 13.7% (boys 14.9%; girls 12.9%). Low HDL-chol levels were the most prevalent dyslipidaemia in boys (6.4%) and high TChol in girls (9.1%). Overweight/obese subjects were more likely to have at least one abnormal lipid concentration (odds ratio (OR): 2.10; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.06-4.15) and subjects with abdominal obesity were more likely to have at least one abnormal lipid level (OR: 3.17; 95% CI: 1.04-9.66). One in ten Balearic Islands' adolescents has at least one abnormal lipid concentration. Body mass index status and waist-to-height ratio were associated with the prevalence of at least one abnormal lipid level.

Vitamin D—A Passenger, Not a Driver in Cardiovascular Disease

Vitamin D deficiency results from abnormal lipid concentrations and is not a contributor to the development of atherosclerosis.

Intrauterine Effects of Impaired Lipid Homeostasis in Pregnancy Diseases

Lipids are crucial structural and bioactive components that sustain embryo, fetal and placental development and growth. Intrauterine development can be disturbed by several diseases that impair maternal lipid homeostasis and lead to abnormal lipid concentrations in the fetal circulation. Deficiency in essential fatty acids can lead to congenital malformations and visual and cognitive problems in the newborn. Either deficient mother-to-fetus lipid transfer or abnormal maternal- fetal lipid metabolism can cause fetal growth restriction. On the other hand, excessive mother-to-fetus fatty acid transfer can induce fetal overgrowth and lipid overacummulation in different fetal organs and tissues. The placenta plays a fundamental role in the transfer of lipid moieties to the fetal compartment and is affected by maternal diseases associated with impaired lipid homeostasis. Postnatal consequences may be evident in the neonatal period or later in life. Indeed, both defects and excess of different lipid species can lead to the intrauterine programming of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases in the offspring. This review summarizes the lipid impairments induced by different pathologies, including placental insufficiency, malnutrition, obesity and diabetes, and their consequent developmental defects.

Serum Lipid Concentrations and Prevalence of Dyslipidemia in a Large Professional Population in Beijing

Lipid abnormalities are major risk factors for premature coronary artery diseases. We investigated serum lipids and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in a professional population in Beijing and compared these data with those obtained in a similar population during 1984-1986. We studied 14 963 individuals 20-90 years of age. Health status was determined by questionnaires and physical check-ups. Total cholesterol (TC), LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C), HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C), and total triglycerides (TGs) were measured. TC >5.7 mmol/L, LDL-C >3.6 mmol/L, TGs >1.7 mmol/L, and HDL-C <0.9 mmol/L were defined as abnormal. Mean serum TC, LDL-C, and TG concentrations were increased compared with the values obtained in 1984-1986, with 52.7% of males and 42.9% of females having at least one abnormal lipid concentration. Hypercholesterolemia occurred in 6% of males and 2.8% of females in the younger group (20-39 years) and in 20.2% of males and 38.7% of females in the older group (>60 years). HDL-C was abnormally low in approximately 7% of males and in 1.6% of females. The prevalences of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormally low HDL-C, especially the presence of slight hypertriglyceridemia, were higher than in 1984-1986 in all age groups. The increase was most prominent in the middle age group (40-59 years). Hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and abnormally low HDL-C have increased considerably over the past 20 years in professional populations in Beijing. Dietary changes and less physical activity resulting from rapid improvements in living conditions may be the causes for the increases. Enhanced preventive measures should be undertaken to modify these situations.

Abnormal lipid concentrations in cystic fibrosis

Concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerol are commonly believed to be low in persons with cystic fibrosis and thus not of concern. The goal was to determine whether concentrations of cholesterol and triacylglycerol are related to glucose tolerance or nutritional status in patients with cystic fibrosis. Fasting lipid profiles were measured in 192 patients ( +/- SD age: 21 +/- 11 y) in conjunction with an oral-glucose-tolerance test. Cystic fibrosis patients in all age groups had higher triacylglycerol (1.51 +/- 0.95 mmol/L) and lower cholesterol (3.57 +/- 0.96 mmol/L) concentrations than US population means. Thirty patients (16%) had hypertriglyceridemia (3.22 +/- 1.22 mmol/L), and 8 patients (4%) had elevated cholesterol (6.05 +/- 1.32 mmol/L). In most cases, hypertriglyceridemia was isolated; only 3 subjects had elevation of both cholesterol and triacylglycerol. Lipid concentrations were not related to body mass index, weight, glucose tolerance, the areas under the curve for glucose or insulin, or glycated hemoglobin. Lipid concentrations also did not correlate with cystic fibrosis genotype, use of systemic steroids, blood pressure, liver enzymes, C-reactive protein, or pulmonary function. Isolated hypertriglyceridemia appears to be common in cystic fibrosis, whereas cholesterol concentrations are generally low. Hypertriglyceridemia may be related to chronic low-grade inflammation or to a dietary macronutrient imbalance with excessive simple carbohydrate absorption relative to fat absorption. Whether it is associated with a risk of cardiovascular disease in this population is uncertain, but the clinical significance of triacylglycerol elevation may become important as survival improves.