Abnormal Behavior Research Articles

Clinical analysis of Marchiafava-Bignami disease

BackgroundMarchiafava-Bignami disease (MBD) is an exceptionally rare condition, a fact that should pique the professional curiosity of medical practitioners. In recent years, case reports of this disease have been infrequent, and no comprehensive analysis or summary of the characteristics of the published cases has been conducted.MethodsWe collected the medical records of three patients treated at our hospital from March 2022 to March 2023. Furthermore, we searched PubMed for “case reports” from January 2017 to March 2023 and included 30 cases. By retrospectively analyzing these 33 cases, we summarized the characteristics of the disease.ResultsBased on our analysis, we found that MBD primarily affects middle-aged men and typically has an acute or subacute onset, with the primary clinical manifestations being disturbances of consciousness, speech disorders, cognitive impairment, and psychiatric or behavioral abnormalities, often leading to misdiagnosis of psychiatric disorders. Most patients have a history of alcohol consumption or malnutrition. Head CT or MRI revealed symmetric lesions in the corpus callosum, with the splenium being the most commonly affected area. Lesions might also involve white matter outside the corpus callosum, and a wider range of lesions suggested a poor prognosis. However, the prognosis is generally favorable with timely and adequate administration of B vitamins, providing reassurance to medical professionals and patients alike.ConclusionThe early recognition and treatment of Marchiafava-Bignami disease are paramount, as they can significantly improve the prognosis. This underscores the critical need for prompt clinical intervention in the early stages of the disease, instilling a sense of urgency and significance in the work of medical professionals.

Research on Abnormal Behavior Monitoring in University Laboratories Based on Video Analysis Technology

Research on Abnormal Behavior Monitoring in University Laboratories Based on Video Analysis Technology

Unraveling the socio-cognitive consequences of KCC2 disruption in zebrafish: implications for neurodevelopmental disorders and therapeutic interventions.

During postnatal brain development, maintaining a delicate balance between excitation and inhibition (E/I) is essential for the precise formation of neuronal circuits. The K+/cl- cotransporter 2 (KCC2) is instrumental in this process, and its dysregulation is implicated in various neurological disorders. This study utilized zebrafish (Danio rerio) to investigate the socio-cognitive consequences of KCC2 disruption. Through CRISPR-Cas9 technology, biallelic kcc2a knockout zebrafish larvae were generated, revealing behavioral abnormalities, including impaired social interactions and memory deficits. Molecular analyses unveiled alterations in key genes associated with the GABAergic and glutamatergic systems, potentially contributing to E/I imbalance. Additionally, KCC2 disruption influenced the expression of oxytocin and BDNF, crucial regulators of social behaviors, synaptic plasticity, and memory formation. The study also explored the therapeutic potential of KCC2 modulation using pharmaceuticals, showing the rescuing effects of CLP-290 and LIT-001 on social abnormalities. However, the selective impact of LIT-001 on social behaviors, not memory, highlights the complexity of neurobehavioral modulation. In summary, this study sheds light on the pivotal role of KCC2 in shaping socio-cognitive functions and suggests potential therapeutic avenues for KCC2-related neurological disorders.

Thumbtack needle at front-mu points for abnormal behavior in children with autism spectrum disorders

To compare the clinical effect of thumbtack needle at front-mu points combined with conventional rehabilitation training and simple conventional rehabilitation training in the treatment of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). A total of 40 children with ASD were randomly divided into a combination group (20 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a conventional rehabilitation group (20 cases, 3 cases dropped out). Conventional rehabilitation training i.e. language-cognition training and comprehensive education training was adopted in the conventional rehabilitation group, once a day, 5 days a week. On the basis of the treatment in the conventional rehabilitation group, thumbtack needle was applied at Zhongwan (CV 12), bilateral Tianshu (ST 25) and Guanyuan (CV 4) in the combination group, the needles were retained for 3 days each time, 3-day interval was taken between each treatment, for 5 times per month. One-month treatment was as one course and a total of 3 courses were required in both groups, with 10-day break between each course. Before and after treatment, the scores of autism behavior checklist (ABC), childhood autism rating scale (CARS), TCM spleen-stomach symptoms and Achenbach child behavior checklist (CBCL) were observed, and the serum ratio of glutamate and gamma-aminobutyric acid (Glu/GABA) was measured. After treatment, the scores of ABC, CARS and CBCL were decreased compared with those before treatment (P<0.05, P<0.01) in both groups, the TCM spleen-stomach symptoms score was decreased compared with that before treatment (P<0.05) in the combination group; the changes in the scores of ABC, CARS, TCM spleen-stomach symptoms and CBCL, as well as the serum Glu/GABA in the combination group were lager than those in the conventional rehabilitation group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Both thumbtack needle at front-mu points combined with conventional rehabilitation training and simple conventional rehabilitation training can effectively treat ASD, the combination treatment has superior effect on improving the abnormal behavior, spleen-stomach symptoms and balance of nerve impulse and inhibition.

Polyserine peptides are toxic and exacerbate tau pathology in mice.

Polyserine domains mediate the association of nuclear RNA binding proteins with cytoplasmic tau aggregates that occurs across tauopathy models and patient samples. In cell lines, polyserine peptides co-localize with and promote formation of tau aggregates suggesting the cytoplasmic mislocalization of polyserine-containing proteins might contribute to human disease. Moreover, polyserine can be produced by repeat associated non-AUG translation in CAG repeat expansion diseases. However, whether polyserine expressed in a mammalian brain is toxic and/or can exacerbate tau pathology is unknown. Here, we used AAV9-mediated delivery to express a 42-repeat polyserine protein in wild-type and tau transgenic mouse models. We observe that polyserine expression has toxic effects in wild-type animals indicated by reduced weight, behavioral abnormalities and a striking loss of Purkinje cells. Moreover, in the presence of a pathogenic variant of human tau, polyserine exacerbates disease markers such as phosphorylated and insoluble tau levels and the seeding capacity of brain extracts. These findings demonstrate that polyserine domains can promote tau-mediated pathology in a mouse model and are consistent with the hypothesis that cytoplasmic mislocalization of polyserine containing proteins might contribute to the progression of human tauopathies.

Feline blood donation: Description and adverse reactions from 29 201 donation events between 2019 and 2023.

Feline blood transfusion is required for the treatment of various illnesses in cats, and the safety of donor cats is vital. Donor adverse reactions can include cardiorespiratory, venepuncture-related, and behavioral abnormalities. To describe a large number of feline blood donation events and document use of sedation and anxiolysis, record volume of blood collected and describe the frequency, type, and risk factors for, adverse reactions. The study included 7812 individual cats and 29 201 donation events at a blood banking center over 5 years. Retrospective analysis of donation event records with signalment, donation volume, sedation status, donation number, and adverse reactions (acute and caregiver reported) recorded. Risk factors for adverse reactions were examined by stratifying data according to groups exposed to relevant predictors and calculating odds ratios with 95% and 99% confidence intervals (CIs). Adverse reactions were uncommon (0.29%, 2.88/1000 donor events) and most commonly were cardiorespiratory (0.08%, 0.75/1000 donor events) or behavioral (0.06%, 0.62/1000 donor events). The only risk factor significantly associated with adverse reactions was conscious donation, with conscious donors 4.4 times more likely to have an adverse reaction (95% CI, 2.5-7.9, P ≤ .0001). Feline blood donation is associated with a low rate of adverse reactions. Sedation should be considered to reduce adverse reactions, and the environment and interactions optimized to reduce donor stress. Caregiver education on care postdonation could reduce behavioral adverse reactions.

Experimental and theoretical determination of minimum miscibility pressure of supercritical CO2 and alkanes at nanoconfinement

The minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) is crucial for CO2 Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR). However, accurately determining MMP within nanoconfinement has been challenging due to intricate molecular interactions and reduced permeability. This study leveraged nanofluidic technology to determine MMP for supercritical CO2-alkanes at the nanoscale by observing the vanishing interface, noting a 5.1 % reduction for CO2-octane at 30 nm versus 1 μm at 80 ℃. It further explored the impact of alkane type and temperature on nanoconfinement, elucidating the underlying mechanisms. Additionally, a theoretical method was developed to estimate MMP ranging from 10 to 1000 nm, aligning well with the experimental results. The findings highlight the lower nanoscale MMP values compared to the bulk phase. This research presents methods for investigating thermodynamic properties under nanoconfinement, providing insights into the abnormal behaviors of fluids at the nanoscale and contributing to EOR.

Diagnosis of schizophrenia by integrated saccade scores and associations with psychiatric symptoms, and functioning.

Eye movement as a neurobiological biomarker of schizophrenia. We aim to estimate diagnostic accuracy of integrated pro/antisaccade eye movement measurements to discriminate between healthy individuals and schizophrenic patients. We compared the eye movement performance of 85 healthy individuals and 116 schizophrenia-stable patients during prosaccade and antisaccade tasks. The difference eye movement measurements were accumulated by stepwise discriminant analysis to produce an integrated score. Finally, the diagnostic value of the integrated score was calculated by the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC), and the best sensitivity and specificity were calculated based on the given cutoff values. Using discriminant analysis, an integrated score included the residual gain and latency (step) during the prosaccade test, the error rate, and the corrected error rate during the antisaccade test. We found that the integrated score could well classify schizophrenia patients and healthy individuals with an accuracy of 80.6%. In the ROC, Youden's index was 0.634 (sensitivity = 81.0%, specificity = 82.4%) and AUC was 0.871. There were significant difference patterns of correlation between the severity of psychiatric symptoms and daily functioning and diagnostic eye movement measurements. Using only 2 saccade tasks to discriminate well between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, suggesting that abnormalities in saccade behavior is a potential biomarker and efficient diagnostic tool for identifying schizophrenia. The underlying neuropathologic mechanisms associated with abnormal saccades may provide insights into the intervention and diagnosis of schizophrenia.

Discrete Variational Feature Transfer Learning for Skeleton-based Abnormal Behavior Detection

Discrete Variational Feature Transfer Learning for Skeleton-based Abnormal Behavior Detection

Anomalous white shrimp detection in intensive farming based on improved YOLOv8

Timely detection of anomalous shrimp is crucial for ensuring farming safety. Therefore, this study developed an effective model to detect abnormal shrimp behaviors, including curling, floating, leaping, cannibalism, and death. The proposed model uses YOLOv8 as the baseline, adjusts network parameters to align with the characteristics of abnormal shrimp, employs content-aware reassembly of features (CARAFE) to preserve more semantic information, and utilizes dynamic convolution to enhance the network's expressiveness. Achieving a 97.8 % mAP@0.5 and 96.1 % F1 score on a custom dataset, the model demonstrated superior detection performance and a smaller size compared with Faster-RCNN, single-shot multi-box detector (SSD), YOLOv5, YOLOv6, and YOLOv7. Based on the proposed model, we developed an abnormal shrimp monitoring system with significant potential to benefit white shrimp cultivators.

RT-APT: A real-time APT anomaly detection method for large-scale provenance graph

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are prevalent in the field of cyber attacks, where attackers employ advanced techniques to control targets and exfiltrate data without being detected by the system. Existing APT detection methods heavily rely on expert rules or specific training scenarios, resulting in the lack of both generality and reliability. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel real-time APT attack anomaly detection system for large-scale provenance graphs, named RT-APT. Firstly, a provenance graph is constructed with kernel logs, and the WL subtree kernel algorithm is utilized to aggregate contextual information of nodes in the provenance graph. In this way we obtain vector representations. Secondly, the FlexSketch algorithm transforms the streaming provenance graph into a sequence of feature vectors. Finally, the K-means clustering algorithm is performed on benign feature vector sequences, where each cluster represents a different system state. Thus, we can identify abnormal behaviors during system execution. Therefore RT-APT enables to detect unknown attacks and extract long-term system behaviors. Experiments have been carried out to explore the optimal parameter settings under which RT-APT can perform best. In addition, we compare RT-APT and the state-of-the-art approaches on three datasets, Laboratory, StreamSpot and Unicorn. Results demonstrate that our proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches from the perspective of runtime performance, memory overhead and CPU usage.

Physical activity and psychosocial status among Egyptian healthcare professionals: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe Egyptian health system faces numerous challenges, including overpopulation, limited resources, and high patient load. Long working hours, inadequate sleep, and exposure to traumatic events further strain health care workers. This study aims to investigate the association between physical activity and psychosocial status of healthcare professionals in Egypt.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was conducted in Egypt from 20th March to 20th April 2023. An online self-administered survey was used to recruit 647 healthcare professionals. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Psychosocial Index (PSI) were used to measure physical activity and psychosocial status, respectively.ResultsAmong the 647 participants, 82% were aged 24–30 years, with 49.9% females and 66.5% doctors. Only 41% engaged in physical activity, and among them, only 5.7% exercised more than three times per week. The median work hours per week were 36, and based on the Total Work MET, participants were classified into high (32%), moderate (40%), and low (28%) physical activity levels. Half of the participants experienced highly stressful lives, while only 40% reported good-to-excellent well-being. Physical activity correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.116, p = 0.003) and abnormal illness behaviors (r = 0.081, p = 0.038), while average working hours per week correlated with psychological distress (r = 0.084, p = 0.033) and sleep disturbance (r = 0.14, p < 0.001).ConclusionIn this study, physical activity levels varied among participants, and the majority of participants had a poor psychological status. Additionally, physical activity significantly correlated with psychological distress and abnormal illness behaviors, while average working hours per week correlated with psychological distress and sleep disturbance.

Anti-GABAB receptor encephalitis: clinical and laboratory characteristics, imaging, treatments and prognosis.

Anti-GABABR encephalitis is a rare disease reported to be often associated with tumors. The current study aims to summarize the clinical characteristics, imaging features, treatments, outcomes and explore the potential prognosis risk factors of patients with anti-GABABR encephalitis. Patients tested positive for anti-GABABR were retrospective studied from a single medical center in China over a period of 3 years. They were followed up for a maximum period of 18 months. Clinical data were summarized and prognostic factors including demographic characteristics, laboratory tests, and neurological functions were compared between survived and deceased patients at 18 months follow-up. Twenty-six patients, 10 females (38.5%) and 16 males (61.5%), diagnosed with anti-GABABR encephalitis were studied. The median age was 58 years. Of the 23 cases with complete clinical data, their main manifestations were epileptic seizures (65%), mental and behavioral abnormalities (52%), and cognitive impairment (48%). 7 (30.4%) cases had tumors: 5 small cell lung cancer (SCLC), 1 rectum adenocarcinoma (moderately differentiated) and 1 esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. MRI showed 5 (22%) cases had T2 FLAIR increased signals in cortex but with different regions affected. One of the two patients scanned for PET-CT showed hypermetabolism in the left temporal lobe region. The disease course ranged from 5 days to 3 years. 2 patients (one had esophageal carcinoma) without immunotherapy and 3 patients (one had SCLC) that did not response to immunotherapy died soon after diagnosis. 18 patients improved after immunotherapy while 3 (all had SCLC) died after relapses. The prevalence of epileptic seizures and malignancies was significantly lower in the survival group than in the deceased group at 18-months follow-up, the same as the admission mRs score. Serum fibrinogen, cerebrospinal fluid immunoglobulin G quotient, and 24-hour intrathecal synthesis rate were significantly lower in the survival groups as well. Cortex T2 FLAIR abnormalities were only observed in a small proportion of anti-GABABR encephalitis patients with heterogeneous MRI phenotypes. High mRS score at admission, epileptic seizures and the presence of a tumor indicated a poor prognosis, while the underlying mechanism of the later two factors should be investigated further.

Abnormal Relaxation Behavior of Excited Electrons in the Flat Band of Kagome Compound Nb3Cl8.

Carrier dynamics is crucial in semiconductors, and it determines their conductivity, response time, and overall functionality. In flat bands (FBs), carriers with high effective masses are predicted to host unconventional transport properties. The FBs usually overlap with other trivial energy bands, however, making it difficult to accurately distinguish their carrier dynamics. In this paper, we have investigated the flat-band carrier dynamics of excited electrons in Nb3Cl8, which hosts ideal nonoverlapping FBs near the Fermi level. The optical transition between Hubbard bands is abnormally weakened, exhibiting weak interband absorption and its related slow photoresponse with a time constant of ∼120 s, which are associated with flat-band Mottness-induced large electron effective mass and parity-forbidden transitions. Besides, the localized states created by chlorine vacancies also act as trapping centers for carriers with a time constant of ∼600 s, which are similar to those of the compact localized states of the FB, making the relaxation behavior even more extraordinary. The presence and impacts of atomic defects are confirmed experimentally and theoretically. This work has revealed the abnormal flat-band carrier dynamics of Nb3Cl8, which is essential for understanding the optical, electrical, and thermal transport properties of flat-band materials.

Differences in body dissatisfaction between individuals with and without stigma toward obesity: A study of preadolescents and adolescents.

Previous studies have focused on understanding the biopsychosocial implications of obesity stigma and have made proposals to minimize its negative consequences, as well as recommendations to eliminate or reduce this stigma; however, knowing which individuals stigmatize obesity and why will allow us to have a broader picture of stigmatization and thus help in planning interventions with greater impact. The aims were to describe the stigmatization toward obesity in preadolescents and adolescents and to determine whether there are differences in body dissatisfaction, abnormal eating behaviors and self-esteem among those with and without stigma toward obesity. A total of 307 preadolescents and 349 adolescents answered a set of questionnaires that evaluated abnormal eating behaviors, body dissatisfaction, self-esteem and stigma. Fifty-nine percent of the participants stigmatized individuals with obesity, with preadolescents having the greatest stigma levels. Differences were observed only in body dissatisfaction, where the group of preadolescents who stigmatized individuals with obesity and the group of adolescents who did not stigmatize individuals with obesity reported higher levels of body dissatisfaction. Obesity is stigmatized at early ages, regardless of sex; however, preadolescents with stigma toward obesity and adolescents without stigma toward obesity have greater body dissatisfaction, indicating that body dissatisfaction plays a crucial role in the stigmatization of obesity. Level V, cross-sectional analytical study.

Hybrid Intelligent Anomaly Detection System Using Attention based Deep Learning Approach for Cyber Attacks Prevention

Objectives: Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) plays an important role in finding and preventing cyber-attacks, which helps to improve the entire security posture of an organization’s network infrastructure. The development of Deep Learning (DL) techniques possess the ability of IDS to detect attacks without delay and protects from intrusions even in real-time environment. Methods: The present study proposes an improved IDS framework called Enhanced Gated Recurrent Unit Hyper-Model combined Attention Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (EGHAB) approach, to effectively address the detection of attacks with maximum accuracy and minimal error rate. The proposed model is enhanced by using methods like numericalization and normalisation for pre-processing the input data, Genetic Algorithm (GA) for extracting intricate features from the input data, and the EGHAB classifier, which works on the principles of both Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) and Bidirectional Long-Short Term Memory (BiLSTM) models along with attention mechanism. Findings: The EGHAB model efficiently learns the abnormal behaviour of network and classified the attack and non-attack data using the publicly available NSL-KDD dataset and a generated real time data set, scapy. And it achieved 99.94% accuracy over NSL KDD dataset during multiclass classification and 93.3% on real time data set with reduced Error rate. Additionally, to examine the efficacy, the proposed approach is compared with other existing methods and proved its improved performance. Novelty: A combined ensemble classifier with GRU, BiLSTM and attention mechanism is designed to predict the attacks in earlier stage rather than due over. The model achieved better accuracy and reduced false assumption using anomaly prediction mechanism. Keywords: Cyber Attack, Anomaly Detection, Deep learning, Gated Recurrent Unit, Bi­ Directional Long­-Short Term Memory, Attention mechanism

Peripherally Administered Therapeutic One-armed Antibody Reversed Behavioral Abnormalities in a Marmoset Model of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Peripherally Administered Therapeutic One-armed Antibody Reversed Behavioral Abnormalities in a Marmoset Model of Anti-NMDAR Encephalitis

Importin α4 deficiency induces psychiatric disorder-related behavioral deficits and neuroinflammation in mice

Importin α4, which is encoded by the Kpna4 gene, is a well-characterized nuclear-cytoplasmic transport factor known to mediate transport of transcription factors including NF-κB. Here, we report that Kpna4 knock-out (KO) mice exhibit psychiatric disorder-related behavioral abnormalities such as anxiety-related behaviors, decreased social interaction, and sensorimotor gating deficits. Contrary to a previous study predicting attenuated NF-κB activity as a result of Kpna4 deficiency, we observed a significant increase in expression levels of NF-κB genes and proinflammatory cytokines such as TNFα, Il-1β or Il-6 in the prefrontal cortex or basolateral amygdala of the KO mice. Moreover, examination of inflammatory responses in primary cells revealed that Kpna4 deficient cells have an increased inflammatory response, which was rescued by addition of not only full length, but also a nuclear transport-deficient truncation mutant of importin α4, suggesting contribution of its non-transport functions. Furthermore, RNAseq of sorted adult microglia and astrocytes and subsequent transcription factor analysis suggested increases in polycomb repressor complex 2 (PRC2) activity in Kpna4 KO cells. Taken together, importin α4 deficiency induces psychiatric disorder-related behavioral deficits in mice, along with an increased inflammatory response and possible alteration of PRC2 activity in glial cells.

Fine spatio-temporal prediction of fishing time using big data

Overfishing, bycatch, and other anthropogenic threats may lead to the destruction of fragile habitats and substantial losses of marine life. Marine fishery resources can be protected by adjusting fishing intensity and establishing marine reserves. Currently, China adopts the closed fishing season management approach to protect traditional fishing grounds, where fine spatio-temporal prediction is essential to efficiently supervise the wide scope. Fishing vessel behaviors reflect fishers’ experience as well as the information provided by fish detection radar, while the fishery resource distribution is relevant to the marine environment. In this study, we identified fishing vessel behaviors (gillnets, trawls, purse seines, and abnormal behaviors) and qualitatively assessed and predicted fishing time of different fishing vessel behaviors to search for high intensity fishing operation areas by constructing a time-space prediction model. The model was based on big data of fishing vessel automatic identification systems and3 the marine environment, and was verified in the East China Sea. The prediction results generally corresponded with the distribution of traditional fishery resources in the East China Sea and the fishing efforts provided by the Global Fishing Watch. This model can provide an accurate and effective refined fishing vessel operation time prediction, and benefits fishing management and fishery resources protection.

Blunted anterior midcingulate response to reward in opioid users is normalized by prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation.

Abnormalities in goal-directed behavior, mediated by mesocorticolimbic reward function and structure, contribute to worse clinical outcomes including higher risk of treatment dropout and drug relapse in opioid users (OU). In a sham-controlled randomized study design, we measured whether robot-assisted 10Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) applied to the prefrontal cortex was able to modulate anterior midcingulate cortex (MCC) electrophysiological response to rewards, in OU and matched healthy controls. We show that OU exhibit a blunted anterior MCC reward response, compared to healthy controls (t(39) = 2.62, p = 0.01, d = 0.84), and that this is normalized following 10-Hz excitatory TMS (t (36) = .82, p = 0.42, d = 0.17). Excitatory TMS modulated the putative reward function of the MCC in OU. Further work with increased sample sizes and TMS sessions is required to determine whether restoring MCC reward function increases reward-directed behaviors, which may enhance treatment success through the maintenance of treatment goals.