Coordination Ability Research Articles

Prospective analysis on possible changes of cognitive functions in children on follow-up for brain tumor.

This study was aimed at evaluating cognitive functioning in children with brain tumors before and after surgery and at the end of all adjunctive treatments. All newly diagnosed children with primary brain tumor were prospectively assessed. Neurocognitive evaluations were performed before surgery (T0), within 7-10days from surgery (T1) and 18-24months after the end of all treatments (T2). Language, memory, attention, executive functions, visual-constructional, and sensorimotor skills were evaluated at T0, T1, and T2, whereas intelligent quotient (IQ) was explored at T0 and T2. Twenty-five patients (M:F = 15:10, mean age 10.9 ± 3.4years) were enrolled between January 2019 and December 2022. At baseline, patients showed major deficits in narrative memory (6.6 ± 3.7, p < 0.001) and visuo-spatial memory (copy design tasks: general 6.8 ± 3.9, p < 0.001; specific 6.2 ± 3.3, p < 0.001; and motor 5.2 ± 3.2, p < 0.001). In the post-surgery phase (T1), significant deficits remained in narrative memory (6.2 ± 3.3, p < 0.001) and visual-motor coordination (copy design tasks: specific 5.9 ± 3.0, p < 0.001; motor 4.8 ± 4.3 p < 0.001), while attention and visual-constructional abilities significantly improved (p = 0.04 and p = 0.001 respectively). Nine out of 25 patients (36%) reached the T2 evaluation: persistency of deficits in the area of visuo-spatial processing and a possible decline in median IQ values in comparison to T0 evaluation (93 vs 100, p = 0.05) were shown. Children with brain tumors may present several neuropsychological impairments since diagnosis. Surgery may have a positive impact in relation to the recovery of some cognitive functions. However, cognitive decline may worsen over time. Baseline and periodic neurocognitive evaluations should be encouraged to indicate targets for cognitive monitoring, to early detect functional difficulties.

Ascertaining the Effectiveness of Coordination Training Interventions in Enhancing Sports Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Objectives. The study aimed to analyze the effects of training programs that focused on various coordination exercises to improve the sports performance and coordination of athletes. Materials and methods. An electronic review was conducted to compile the literature related to this issue, using Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ProQuest databases. Following a systematic search, eleven studies carried out between 2014 to 2024 were considered appropriate for meta-analysis and were retrieved and analysed. The studies included were confined to different coordination interventions, such as balance, rhythm, agility, neuromuscular training, jump ropeladder exercises, spatial orientation, non-sports specific and proprioceptive training, ranging from 6 weeks to an annual macrocycle with participants (sub-junior and junior levels) from different sports. Results. The meta-analysis revealed a small effect size improvement for balance training (E = 0.38; 95 % CI = -0.66-2.54; p = 0.25), a large effect size and significant enhancement for coordination and rhythm training (E = 2.2; 95 % CI= -0.98-1.45; p = 0.70). Additionally, it was noted a moderate effect size and substantial improvement for a specific coordinative ability training (E = 1.8; 95 % CI = -0.84-2.99; p = 0.00) when compared the experimental group with the control group. The results of 11 studies established a significant effect size of various coordination training interventions in improving motor coordination of athletes. However, the impact of these interventions on sports skills and performance remains limited and inadequate. Conclusions. After a thorough analysis, it was concluded that various training regimens involving different stimuli, means and methods, comprising proprioceptive training, spatial training, motor rhythm training, neuromuscular training, balance training, coordination training drills using ladders, wobble board, bosu balls, trampoline and dynamic games, as well as non-specific sports training with basic exercises, have been found to be effective in enhancing motor coordination and sports skills.

Age-related effects on dynamic postural stability and prefrontal cortex activation during precision fitting tasks.

Dynamic postural control is impaired in older adults, as evidenced from worse dynamic postural stability compared to young adults during upright stance while concurrent goal-directed tasks. Prefrontal cortex (PFC) is considered to play an important role in goal-directed tasks. This study aimed to investigate the age effects on dynamic postural stability and PFC activation during precision fitting tasks. Participant performed precision fitting tasks under four different conditions: large opening size with their arm's length (close-large), small opening size with their arm's length (close-small), large opening size with 1.3 times arm's length (far-large), and small opening size with 1.3 times arm's length (far-small). We analyzed the center of pressure-related outcomes representing dynamic postural stability and PFC activation at the six different subregions from healthy older adults (n = 15, 68.0 ± 3.5 years), and gender-matched middle-aged (n=15, 48.73 ± 3.06 years) and young (n=15, 19.47 ± 0.64 years) adults. The dynamic postural stability presented the young > middle-aged > older groups across the conditions. Specifically, the young group presented better dynamic postural stability than the older group in the close-large, far-large, and far-small conditions (p<.05), while showed better dynamic postural stability than the middle-aged group in the close-large condition (p<.05). Additionally, the older group had greater PFC activation at all PFC subregions than the young group (p<.05), while had greater activation at left dorsolateral and ventrolateral PFC than the middle-aged group (p<.05). The middle-aged group presented greater activation at left dorsomedial PFC than the young group (p<.05). Heightened dorsomedial PFC activation in middle-aged adults compared to young adults may reflect a deficit in processing the visuomotor information during the precision fitting tasks. Degeneration of the ability in automatic coordination of dynamic postural control may begin to occur at midlife.

ТЕХНОЛОГІЯ ПРОФІЛАКТИКИ ПОРУШЕНЬ СКЛЕПІНЬ СТОПИ ДІТЕЙ МОЛОДШОГО ШКІЛЬНОГО ВІКУ НА ОСНОВІ ЗАСОБІВ РУКОПАШНОГО БОЮ

Relevance of the research topic. Wide distribution of foot arch disorders in children of primary school age prompts consideration of means and methods of their prevention. One of the approaches is systematic training in hand-to-hand combat. The effectiveness of using means of hand-to-hand combat for prevention of foot arch disorders in children of primary school age needs scientific substantiation. The purpose of the research development and verification of the effectiveness of a technology aimed at strengthening foot arch muscles and checking its effect on leg impact speed and the ability to balance in children of primary school age engaged in hand-to-hand combat. Methods: theoretical analysis of scientific sources, pedagogical experiment, pedagogical testing, anthropometry, statistical analysis. Results. The developed technology is aimed at prevention of foot arch disorders in children of primary school age during their involvement in hand-to-hand combat. It is designed on basic general-methodical, special principles, as well as principles of health-enhancing activity. It is implemented at the adaptation-preparatory, basic and final stages in various forms of classes. Means of hand-to-hand combat are widely used to strengthen foot muscles and adjacent structures, improve physical fitness. Introduction of technology contributed to general improvement of children’s coordination abilities, thereby improving foot arch condition of primary school children age. Positive changes were observed in all dynamic balance body position tests. Conclusions. The use of suggested technology is an effective means of preventing foot arch disorders in children of primary school age.

Results of the Experimental verification of Organizational and Pedagogical conditions for the formation of readiness of Future Physical Training and Sports Instructors for Professional activity

The article examines the problem of forming military-applied skills of hand-to-hand combat (measures of physical impact, force) in future physical training and sports instructors in the vocational education system. Organizational and pedagogical conditions aimed at improving the educational process of training military personnel of the National Guard of Ukraine have been developed and theoretically substantiated. A training model has been proposed that integrates modern pedagogical technologies adapted to the extreme conditions of service and combat activities. Research methods: observation, questionnaires and surveys, testing, pedagogical experiment, timing, expert evaluation, psychodiagnostics methods, modeling, statistical analysis (calculation of averages, correlations and other statistical indicators). In the process of research and analytical work, an approbation of experimental organizational and pedagogical conditions was carried out, which involves the development of special training situations, the use of simulation modeling methods, as well as the formation of psychophysical readiness to perform assigned tasks in extreme conditions of service and combat activity. The results of the study indicate an increase in the effectiveness of training for representatives of the studied category, which is confirmed by an increase in the level of mastery of the techniques and tactics of service-applied hand-to-hand combat, stress resistance, coordination abilities, and the ability to act in difficult conditions. The results obtained confirm the feasibility of introducing experimental organizational and pedagogical conditions into the system of professional education of future physical training and sports instructors. Prospects for further research in the chosen direction of scientific exploration include the development of an experimental program for organizing independent work of future physical training and sports instructors in the vocational education system.

Scandium(III)-Enlarged Salen Complex-Catalyzed Asymmetric Michael Addition of Indoles to Enones

Salens are a class of important ligands and have been widely applied in asymmetric catalytic organic reactions. Enlarged salen-like ligands containing flexible chains were synthesized from L-phenylalanine, ethane/propanediamines, and salicylaldehydes, and successfully utilized in the scandium-catalyzed enantioselective Michael addition of indoles and enones (2-cinnamoylpyridine 1-oxides). The catalytic system demonstrates excellent reactivity and stereoselective control over electron-rich indole substrates with up to 99% yield and 99% enantiomeric excess. The enlarged Salen ligands with flexible and rigid combined linkers fit their coordination with large rare earth elements. Their coordination abilities were tuned by the electronic effect of substituents on their salicylaldehyde moiety, facilitating the construction of excellent chiral environments in the scandium(III)-catalyzed asymmetric Michael addition of indoles to 2-cinnamoylpyridine 1-oxides.

A biomechanics-oriented study on the impact of AIGC on user interaction and ergonomics in visual communication design

This study investigates the biomechanical implications and ergonomic impacts of AI-generated content (AIGC) integration in visual communication design workflows. Through a comprehensive analysis of 23 professional designers in Chengdu, China, we examined the physical stress patterns, user interaction dynamics, and overall ergonomic outcomes when transitioning from traditional to AIGC-assisted design processes. The research employed a mixed-method approach combining quantitative biomechanical measurements with qualitative user experience assessments over 12 weeks. Results revealed significant reductions in muscle activity across key muscle groups, with the upper trapezius showing the most significant decrease (−3.6% MVC, p &lt; 0.001) during AIGC-assisted tasks. This change in muscle activity can be further linked to alterations in the body's postural stability and load distribution, which are core considerations in biomechanics. Movement efficiency metrics, which are inherently related to biomechanical performance, demonstrated a 27.9% reduction in task completion time (p &lt; 0.001) and a 33.3% decrease in design iterations. Quality assessment scores improved across all dimensions, with Creative Innovation showing the highest enhancement (+1.8 points, p &lt; 0.001). User satisfaction metrics indicated significant improvements, with consistent gains of 1.1 points (on a 5-point scale) across all measured dimensions (p &lt; 0.001). Notably, the study identified distinct adaptation patterns between novice and experienced users in terms of their biomechanical responses. Experienced users demonstrated significantly faster response times in AIGC prompt input (8.94 ± 1.87 s vs 18.62 ± 3.15 s, p &lt; 0.001), which can be associated with differences in their neuromuscular coordination and motor learning abilities. While AIGC integration initially increased certain types of errors (+51.2% in input errors), it led to substantial reductions in tool misuse (−40.4%) and design revisions (−39.9%). These findings suggest that AIGC integration can significantly reduce physical stress while improving design efficiency and quality outcomes, all of which are intertwined with the biomechanical functioning of the body during the design process. The research provides evidence-based recommendations for optimizing AIGC implementation in professional design workflows, taking into account the biomechanical and ergonomic factors that contribute to the overall well-being and creative productivity. This study has important implications for software development, workplace health policies, and the future direction of AI-assisted creative work, as it highlights the significance of considering biomechanics in the integration of advanced technologies within creative domains.

CO-loaded hemoglobin/EGCG nanoparticles functional coatings for inflammation modulation of vascular implants.

During the implantation process of cardiovascular implants, vascular damage caused by inflammation occurs, and the inflammatory process is accompanied by oxidative stress. Currently, carbon monoxide (CO) has been demonstrated to exhibit various biological effects including vasodilatation, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, apoptosis-inducing and antiproliferative properties. In this study, hemoglobin/epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) core-shell nanoparticle-containing coating on stainless steel was prepared for CO loading and inflammation modulation. Inspired by strong coordination ability with CO, hemoglobin nanoparticle was first prepared and encapsulated into EGCG metal-phenolic networks. A polydopamine (PDA) linking layer was then coated on 316 stainless steel, and the hemoglobin/EGCG nanoparticles were loaded with the subsequent PDA deposition. It showed that the maximum release amount of CO by the coating was 17.0 nmol/cm2 in 48 h. In vitro evaluations conducted in a simulated inflammatory environment revealed that the coating, which released CO from hemoglobin/EGCG nanoparticles, effectively mitigated the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in macrophages. Specifically, it decreased the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, increased the expression of interleukin-10, suppressed the polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype and reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, under simulated oxidative stress conditions, the coating decreased the apoptosis of endothelial cells induced by oxidative stress and down-regulated intracellular ROS levels. In vivo implantation results further confirmed that the coating, with its hemoglobin/EGCG nanoparticles and CO release capabilities, reduced macrophage-mediated inflammatory responses and modulated the polarization phenotype of macrophages.

Systematic Risk Analysis and Mitigation Strategies for Near-Miss Events in Interventional Operating Room Nursing.

The aim of this study is to examine the characteristics of intraoperative nursing near-miss events in interventional operating rooms, systematically identify and analyze associated risks, and propose effective mitigation strategies. A retrospective study was conducted using a specially designed survey focused on nursing near-miss events in Interventional operating rooms. Records of intraoperative near-miss events voluntarily reported by medical and nursing staff between January 2023 and March 2024 were analyzed. Grey relational analysis was used to evaluate and identify the associated risk factors. A total of 81 near-miss events were reported, with the majority (50%) occurring after 8 PM. These events were categorized into 6 main types: medication errors (60.49%), issues with consumables (16.05%), tubing-related incidents (8.64%), specimen handling errors (7.4%), transfer handover issues (4.93%), and patient transport problems (2.46%). Grey relational analysis identified air embolism formation during pressurized fluid administration as the highest risk event (ξ1 = 0.369). The risk factors were ranked as follows: weak coordination ability and lack of responsibility among nurses > operational interruptions > inadequate professional capability > poor communication between medical staff and nurses > equipment malfunction > frequent emergency surgeries and a fast paced working environment. Medication administration errors are frequently encountered, with air embolisms during pressurized fluid infusion representing the most significant risk. Operational interruptions are major contributors to these errors, often influenced by the coordination skills and professional competencies of nurses. Clinically, it is crucial to enhance the identification and management of near-miss events to reduce the incidence of adverse outcomes during surgical procedures.

Quantum chemistry study on the influence of alkyl substituent number on the coordination ability of bonded atoms in collectors

Quantum chemistry study on the influence of alkyl substituent number on the coordination ability of bonded atoms in collectors

DEVELOPMENT OF COORDINATION ABILITIES IN FEMALE ATHLETES PLAYING TECHNICAL AND ARTISTIC SPORTS

The article presents the results of a survey of 97 highly qualified female athletes involved in various technical and artistic sports and training the development of coordination abilities. The specifics of the development in the central and sensory parts of the postural system have been established, depending on the direction of physical activity. The highest vertical stability among female athletes, according to the results of the “Target” stabilometric test, was found in the artistic gymnastics group, the weakest vertical stability was noted in the aerial strength athletics group. Differences in the density and rigidity of intrasystem relationships revealed when analyzing correlations between the indicators of stabilometric tests and the sensory link according to psychophysiological reactions to biologically significant stimuli. The identified physiological characteristics reflect the specificity of the development of coordination abilities in athletes involved in various technical and artistic sports, which will allow us to pay attention to the weak links in their preparation.

Програмування ударних мікроциклів у базових мезоциклах тренувального процесу висококваліфікованих хокеїстів на траві

Topicality. The microcycle is one of the primary structural units of an athlete’s training process. A distinctive feature of constructing intensive microcycles lies in the predominant use of developmental training sessions, which facilitate athletes’ adaptive processes to training and competitive loads. Building intensive microcycles using programming methods is appropriate, as programming ensures an organized structure of the training process aligned with the target objectives of athlete preparation. The purpose of the study is to develop methodological approaches for programming intensive microcycles within the basic mesocycle for the preparation of highly qualified field hockey players. Material and methods of the study. The study was conducted during the preparatory phase of the annual training cycle for the 2023-2024 sports season. Participants included 23 players from Ukraine’s national field hockey team, all of whom hold the title of Master of Sports of Ukraine. The average age of the athletes was 25.3±5.14 years. Research methods included theoretical analysis of sources and literature, pedagogical observation, monitoring of training activities, heart rate monitoring, and methods of mathematical statistics. Results of the study. The predominant focus of training sessions within the weekly intensive microcycle aimed at improving players’ physical qualities was identified: days 1 and 3 – speed and coordination abilities; day 2 – speed-strength and coordination abilities; days 4 and 5 – speed (special) endurance and flexibility; day 6 – general endurance, strength qualities and flexibility; day 7 – rest. A seven-day intensive microcycle program was developed based on the following criteria: physiological and pedagogical focus, training duration (TD, minutes), load volume coefficient (LVC, points), training load intensity coefficient (KI tr.e., points·min⁻¹), energy expenditure (EE, kcal), and energy expenditure intensity coefficient (KI ex.e., kcal·min⁻¹). Conclusions. The ratio of loads of different orientations in the shock microcycle of the basic mesocycle was established: aerobic – 40.5 %, mixed (aerobic-anaerobic) – 44.5 %, anaerobic alactate – 8.4 %, anaerobic glycolytic – 6.6 %.

Effect of Singing on the Psychological Development of Preschool Children Aged 4 – 5 Years

Singing, as an art form, has a profound impact on the psychological development of children aged 4-5 years old. By analyzing the practical application of singing teaching in early childhood education, we find that singing teaching can not only significantly enhance children’s confidence, allowing children aged 4-5 to find themselves in the world of music, but also greatly stimulate children’s interest in learning, make preschool children explore the unknown in the cheerful melody and enjoy the fun of learning. In addition, singing teaching also plays an important role in improving children’s language expression ability, creativity and understanding ability. In the process of singing, imitating and creating lyrics, children not only exercise their language organization ability, but also stimulate their infinite imagination and creativity, and deepen their understanding and perception of the content of the song. More importantly, singing teaching also promotes children’s physical coordination ability and emotional development. Dancing to the rhythm of the music, children enjoy the music, but also exercise the body coordination. The emotional expression in the song makes children learn to perceive and express emotions, and enhances the empathy and social skills of children aged 4-5. However, there are still some problems in children’s singing teaching, such as a single teaching method and the neglect of individual differences. In view of these problems, put forward suggestions for improvement, such as the use of diversified teaching methods, pay attention to Children’s personalized development, as well as strengthen home cooperation, together to create a richer and more diversified music learning environment for children. Through these efforts, it is expected that singing teaching can play a more active role in children’s psychological development.

Program-Modulated Kinetics of Perovskite-Film Growth by Molecular "Thruster" for High-Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells.

The rapid reaction between lead iodide (PbI2) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) complicates the fabrication of high-quality formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Conventional methods, such as using nonvolatile small molecular additives to slow the reaction, often result in buried interfacial voids and molecule diffusion, compromising the devices' operational stability. In this study, we introduced a molecular "thruster"-a hypervalent iodine (III) compound with three carbonyl groups and a C--I+ bond-that possesses coordination and dissociation abilities, enabling programed modulation of perovskite-film growth kinetics. Initially, the three carbonyl groups coordinate with PbI2 to slow the reaction between FAI and PbI2, preventing δ-phase formation. As temperature rises, the C--I+ bond dissociates, promoting perovskite growth and the dissociated product iodobenzene will promote solvent volatilization, thus avoiding buried interfacial voids. Another product, a carbene compound with eight lone pair electrons sufficiently passivate the undercoordinated Pb2+ defects and anchors at grain boundaries without diffusion. Consequently, the resultant FAPbI3 film displays high-quality with enhanced phase purity, compact morphology, and reduced defects. Evidently, 0.062- and 1.004-cm2 pero-SCs achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 26.06 % (25.79 % certified) and 24.65 %, respectively. This approach also controls perovskite-film growth on plastic substrates, resulting in flexible pero-SCs with an impressive PCE of 25.12 %.

Program‐Modulated Kinetics of Perovskite‐Film Growth by Molecular "Thruster" for High‐Efficiency and Stable Perovskite Solar Cells

The rapid reaction between lead iodide (PbI2) and formamidinium iodide (FAI) complicates the fabrication of high‐quality formamidinium lead iodide (FAPbI3) films. Conventional methods, such as using nonvolatile small molecular additives to slow the reaction, often result in buried interfacial voids and molecule diffusion, compromising the devices' operational stability. In this study, we introduced a molecular “thruster”—a hypervalent iodine (III) compound with three carbonyl groups and a C––I⁺ bond—that possesses coordination and dissociation abilities, enabling programed modulation of perovskite‐film growth kinetics. Initially, the three carbonyl groups coordinate with PbI2 to slow the reaction between FAI and PbI2, preventing δ‐phase formation. As temperature rises, the C––I⁺ bond dissociates, promoting perovskite growth and the dissociated product iodobenzene will promote solvent volatilization, thus avoiding buried interfacial voids. Another product, a carbene compound with eight lone pair electrons sufficiently passivate the undercoordinated Pb2+ defects and anchors at grain boundaries without diffusion. Consequently, the resultant FAPbI3 film displays high‐quality with enhanced phase purity, compact morphology, and reduced defects. Evidently, 0.062‐ and 1.004‐cm2 pero‐SCs achieve power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) of up to 26.06% (25.79% certified) and 24.65%, respectively. This approach also controls perovskite‐film growth on plastic substrates, resulting in flexible pero‐SCs with an impressive PCE of 25.12%.

The impact of talent detection on increasing the number of children participating in sports

Sports talent detection is an attempt to find children who have the potential to become athletes but are not currently involved in sports through a series of tests. The aim of this research is to determine the characteristics of the distribution of children's sports talents in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra Province. From this research, information was obtained on the anthropometric profile, physical abilities and movement coordination of each child. Apart from that, it was found that there were differences in the movement coordination abilities of children who had not and had participated in sports (training in clubs) after sports talent detection was carried out. This research involved 750 children (486 boys, 264 girls) aged 7-12 years in Payakumbuh City, West Sumatra, Indonesia. The talent detection instrument used in this research is the Sekora TID which was adopted from the SportKompas test battery. To see the impact of implementing talent detection, researchers conducted a survey using a Google form which was distributed to all test participants. Surveys were conducted to monitor children who had participated in sports as confirmed by teachers and parents. The results of the study provide information that there is no significant difference in the anthropometry of men and women (p&gt;0.05), but a significant difference is seen in age (p&lt;0.05). Significant differences were also found in motor coordination elements based on age and gender (p&lt;0.05). Physical performance elements also show significant differences in age and gender (p&lt;0.05). The results of this research will be used as a first step in implementing a sports talent identification system as part of LTAD.

Correction of the motor sphere of adolescents with mild mental retardation based on the development of coordination abilities

Importance. The solution to the problem of correcting the motor sphere of children with intellectual disabilities lies in the development of coordination abilities. The purpose of the work is to develop and experimentally substantiate a set of exercises aimed at correcting the development of coordination abilities of adolescents with a mild degree of mental retardation.Materials and Methods. The study has been conducted among students of the Shuya Correctional Boarding School. The participants have been 13–14 year old teenagers (24 people). A set of 40 exercises has been developed, which is aimed at correcting motor actions caused by a low degree of development of coordination abilities. The exercises are divided into three blocks: for balance development (15 exercises); exercises for developing precision of movements (15 exercises) and for developing the ability to differentiate muscle efforts (10 exercises). They are performed from various initial positions of the body in space: standing, sitting, lying on the stomach and back, standing on one leg, knee, toes and heels, with open and closed eyes. The set of exercises was implemented during the 2023/2024 academic year. The degree of development of coordination abilities has been assessed using the following tests: “shuttle run 3×10”, “jumping rope in 1 minute”, “throwing a ball at a target”, “Romberg test”.Results and Discussion. It is established that the use of a set of special exercises allows to increase the degree of development of coordination abilities in adolescents aged 13–14. The results of adolescent boys and girls who attended physical education lessons using a special set became significantly higher than those of adolescents whose classes were conducted without an accentuated development of coordination abilities.Conclusion. According to the final test results, a positive effect of the exercise complex on the development of coordination abilities in adolescents with mild mental retardation has been revealed.

Paramagnetic monomer and diamagnetic polymer of 5-(1-adamantyl)-1,3-phenylene bis(tert-butyl nitroxide)

Abstract In the crystalline state of the title biradical each nitroxide group is located close to each other, to form a covalently bonded diamagnetic polymer having a head-to-tail (N-O)2 motif. The solid irreversibly turned paramagnetic above 365 K. ESR spectra on a PVC solid solution displayed a zero-field splitting pattern together with a half-field signal at room temperature. Density functional theory calculations support the interpretation of the magnetic ground states and a four-center two-electron bonding character. Coordination ability was also explored.

The Current Status and Structural Analysis of College Students’ Employability

Abstract With the rapid development of the social economy and the advent of the knowledge economy era, the employability of college students has become a key indicator for measuring the quality of higher education and promoting social progress. Currently, improving the employability of college students is not only related to their personal development but also to the overall level of the national innovation system and economic construction. This study aims to explore the employability of students at Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College. Through random sampling, we surveyed 300 recent graduates (covering various majors) and 200 previous graduates (covering various majors) from Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College, and invited 10 companies that hired graduates from the college to participate in an online questionnaire survey. We also conducted interviews with five companies that recruit graduates from Liuzhou Vocational and Technical College to analyze in depth the current status of college students' employability, covering aspects such as cognitive ability, professional skills, social skills, and innovative spirit. The research results show that college students have rich theoretical knowledge but lack soft skills such as teamwork, problem-solving ability, interpersonal communication skills, and coordination ability. To address these issues, this paper proposes the development of training courses to enhance the employability of college students.

Modular Chiral Bithiophene‐2NO Ligands: Synthesis and Application in Asymmetric Palladium(II)‐Catalysed Friedel‐Crafts Alkylation

AbstractThe development of privileged thiophene‐type ligand remains highly desirable, owing to the high coordination ability of sulfur atom to most of the soft metals. Herein, a new class of C2‐symmetric rigid chiral tertiary amine‐derived dioxide ligands with a coordinating bithiophene bridge was developed in a convenient synthetic route with 25–62% overall yields. The bithiophene‐2NO‐palladium(II) catalyst system was generated in situ and found to be highly capable catalyst in the asymmetric Friedel‐Crafts alkylation of indoles. Excellent yields (up to 92%) and high enantioselectivities (up to &gt;99% ee) are obtained for a wide range of substrates under mild conditions. Control experiments and DFT calculations revealed the origins of the enantioselectivity. This represented the first example of chiral thiophene ligands coordinating with soft metal Pd(II) in the asymmetric Friedel‐Crafts alkylation. Experiments revealed that the counteranion is involved in the stereoselectivity‐determining step in this soft palladium(II) catalysis, and the additional NO and thiophene in ligands can act as the second chelation site and thus reduce the amount of free metal ions for suppressing background reaction in the catalytic system.