Level Of Aberrations Research Articles

Laser heating system at the Extreme Conditions Beamline, P02.2, PETRA III.

A laser heating system for samples confined in diamond anvil cells paired with in situ X-ray diffraction measurements at the Extreme Conditions Beamline ofPETRA III is presented. The system features two independent laser configurations (on-axis and off-axis of the X-ray path) allowing for a broad range of experiments using different designs of diamond anvil cells. The power of the continuous laser source can be modulated for use in various pulsed laser heating or flash heating applications. An example of such an application is illustrated here on the melting curve of iron at megabar pressures. The optical path of the spectroradiometry measurements is simulated with ray-tracing methods in order to assess the level of present aberrations in the system and the results are compared with other systems, that are using simpler lens optics. Based on the ray-tracing the choice of the first achromatic lens and other aspects for accurate temperature measurements are evaluated.

Buccal micronucleus assay as a useful tool to evaluate the stress-associated genomic damage in shelter dogs and cats: new perspectives in animal welfare

Shelters play a key role in saving animals from straying. However, the space restrictions, the lack of resources and the high animal turnover can increase stress levels and the rate of infectious diseases in cats and dogs. The aim of this study is to evaluate, through the buccal micronucleus assay, the level of genomic damage in shelter cats and dogs with respect to that observed in family cats and dogs. The hypothesis is that stressful environmental conditions, such as those potentially present in shelters, can affect the level of genomic damage. Study population included thirty healthy mixed breed cats and dogs with a minimum two-year presence in a shelter. The control group consisted of thirty healthy cats and dogs living in a home environment, using age/sex matching. The micronucleus assay was performed on one thousand exfoliated buccal cells per subject. Significant differences were found between shelter and family cats and dogs in terms of micronuclei frequency, indicating that a condition of stress found in sheltered animals may increase the levels of genomic damage. The ethotest confirms the increased levels of total aberrations in both stressed shelter cats and dogs. Conversely, no significant differences in the level of genomic damage were found between the sexes, as well as no correlation was found between age and the frequencies of micronuclei. In conclusion, we provided evidence of a possible correlation between physiological stress conditions and increased levels of genomic damage in a sample of sheltered cats and dogs. The results of our study also suggest that the buccal micronucleus assay, also considering the relatively low cost of laboratory procedure and its non-invasiveness, could be potential additional tool that, combined with the ethotest, may be able to provide a more comprehensive picture of the health status of animals living in communities.

Aberration-inducing body wall phantom for high-intensity focused ultrasound applications

Aberrations induced by soft tissue inhomogeneities distort acoustic fields and often complicate HIFU therapies. An aberration-generating phantom was designed and fabricated to mimic the acoustic effects of a porcine body wall. A rippled surface pattern replicating inhomogeneities of size scales relevant to the porcine body wall was transferred to a large phantom made of fat-like and muscle-like gel materials. The acoustic distortions produced by the phantom and an ex vivo porcine body wall were characterized by hydrophone measurements with a 256-element 1.5 MHz focused ultrasound array (diameter = 144 mm, F# = 0.83). Insertion of the phantom generated large distortions for both linear and nonlinear beam focusing including displacement of the focus (up to 0.3 mm transversely), enlargement of the focal region, and reduction in focal pressures due to aberration (up to 2.5-fold peak positive pressure reduction). The phantom and porcine body wall produced similar levels of aberration and attenuation effects. An aberration correction approach was leveraged to isolate the quantitative effect of aberration and to restore shocks in nonlinear waveforms in the focus. Boiling histotripsy treatments through the phantom or body wall were subsequently demonstrated in a hematoma sample. [This work was supported by NIH R01EB7643 and R01EB25187, and RSF 20-12-00145.]

Correction of Ocular Aberrations with Prismatic Rigid Gas-permeable Contact Lenses in Keratoconic Eyes.

A base-down prism was incorporated on the anterior surface of rigid gas-permeable (RGP) contact lenses to explore potential effects on the residual ocular aberrations after contact lens fitting in keratoconic eyes. This study aimed to evaluate the correction of ocular aberrations with corneal prismatic RGP contact lenses in keratoconic eyes and their impact on visual function. A cross-sectional and randomized study was performed. Seventeen eyes of 17 keratoconus patients (34.6 ± 11.1 years) were evaluated. Two designs (standard and prismatic) of a corneal RGP contact lens (KAKC; Conoptica, Barcelona, Spain) were fitted to the same eye of each patient in a random order: a standard RGP contact lens as control and a prismatic RGP contact lens with a base-down prism of 1.6 prism diopters. Ocular aberrations were measured for a pupil diameter of 3 mm with and without both contact lenses, whereas high-contrast distance visual acuity, low-contrast distance visual acuity, and contrast sensitivity were measured under photopic and mesopic conditions. Both contact lenses improved oblique primary astigmatism, defocus, vertical coma, coma-like, and root-mean-square higher-order aberrations compared with the unaided eyes (P < .05). Furthermore, the prismatic RGP contact lenses offered lower values of vertical coma and root-mean-square higher-order aberrations than the standard RGP contact lenses (P < .05). Both designs (standard and prismatic) produced a positive vertical coma of lower magnitude than the negative vertical coma of the unaided eyes. On the other hand, the improvement achieved in all visual function variables was the same for both contact lens designs (P ≥ .05). The prismatic RGP contact lenses corrected higher levels of higher-order aberrations compared with the standard RGP contact lenses. However, both contact lens designs with the same refractive power were equally efficient at improving visual function.

Simulations of Decentration and Tilt of a Supplementary Sulcus-Fixated Intraocular Lens in a Polypseudophakic Combination Using Ray-Tracing Software

This study aimed to assess image quality after the tilt and decentration of supplementary intraocular lenses (IOLs) in a two-lens configuration. One was designed for sulcus fixation with a nominal power range of 1D–10D and was combined with a capsular fixation 20D IOL. The optical performance of a ray-tracing model was tested under IOL misalignment through the area under the modulation transfer function (MTFa) and wave aberrations. Tilting by 10° resulted in a 4% reduction of the MTFa for a 10D IOL as compared to 9% for the 20D lens. The two models demonstrated good tolerance to a 1 mm decentration; as for the 10D sulcus-fixated lens, the MTFa loss was 2%, and 4% for the capsular fixation lens. Coma and astigmatism increased three- and four-fold, respectively, after a 10° tilt compared to the aberration level induced by the 1 mm decentration. Both analyses showed a trend towards a lower MTF impact and fewer optical errors with decreasing nominal power. In conclusion, when misaligned, low-power sulcus-fixated IOLs might retain their good optical quality. An extreme tilt of 10° has a more detrimental effect on the IOL performance than a 1 mm decentration. The proper alignment of a high-power capsular fixation lens is important in achieving a desirable postoperative outcome.

This issue of ACTA

This issue of ACTA

1: Invited Paper: The Application of LTPS in Automotive Large Size Display

With the development of 5G technology, artificial intelligence and autonomous driving technology, cars are gradually transforming to intelligent and digital. Once driverless technology is implemented, the cars are likely to become a third space. In this third space, whether it is a passenger or a driver, the demand for office and entertainment will continue to grow. So having a high definition screen and a good human‐computer interaction system are essential for this cars. As cars move towards digitalization, there are more and more screens in the cars, and more and more dual screens or multiple screens are used in the cluster and center control area. But there are different levels of chromatic aberration between different screens and the interaction between different screens is more complicated. A larger screen can achieve better optical taste and make the interaction between different function areas easier, it is becoming a trend to replace the dual or multiple screens. LTPS(Low Temperature Poly Silicon) has the higher electronic mobility, it is easier to achieve high resolution, high frequency, in‐cell touch integration and large screen. The displays based on LTPS technology can meet the development demands of vehicle displays, will be more and more widely used in the automotive display field. This paper will introduce the application of LTPS technology in automotive medium and large size display.

Study of Genotoxic Properties of Thiosonide

The objective of the study: evaluation of mutagenic properties of thiosonide in tests of chromosomal aberrations in mammalian bone marrow cells and mutation accounting on Salmonella typhimurium strains.Subjects and methods. Studies were carried out using F1 hybrids of CBA×C57BL/6 mice, they received thiozonide in the equivalent of a therapeutic dose and 160 times above it, once and in the course of 5 injections. The genetic toxicity of thiosonide was evaluated on Salmonella typhimurium strains in the tested doses of 1,000, 100, 10, 1 and 0.1 μg per plate.Results. No mutagenic activity of thiosonide in the chromosomal aberration counting test in bone marrow cells of mice was demonstrated. The level of chromosome aberrations in the experiment did not exceed the corresponding control values. Thus, thiosonide at the therapeutic dose (25 mg/kg) and 160-fold increase above it (4,000 mg/kg) did not induce chromosomal aberrations in the bone marrow cells of mice either with single dosing or several intragastric administrations.According to the Ames test results, the number of revertant colonies in the solvent control in the CM- and CM+ variants was within the range of spontaneous fluctuations for these strains; thiosonide in all tested doses did not show mutagenic effect on the TA 100, TA 98, and TA 97 strains both with the system metabolic activation and without it.

Manifestation of aberrations in full-field optical coherence tomography.

We report on a theoretical model for image formation in full-field optical coherence tomography (FFOCT). Because the spatial incoherence of the illumination acts as a virtual confocal pinhole in FFOCT, its imaging performance is equivalent to a scanning time-gated coherent confocal microscope. In agreement with optical experiments enabling a precise control of aberrations, FFOCT is shown to have nearly twice the resolution of standard imaging at moderate aberration level. Beyond a rigorous study on the sensitivity of FFOCT with respect to aberrations, this theoretical model paves the way towards an optimized design of adaptive optics and computational tools for high-resolution and deep imaging of biological tissues.

Precision Therapy Targeting Signal Transduction Aberrant Pathways in Multiple Myeloma

Introduction:Multiple myeloma (MM) is a genetically complex B cell neoplasm. Neoplastic clonal population of plasma cells acquire increasing levels of molecular aberrations including copy number variations, point mutations, gene deletions, and translocations. Guidelines define different levels of risk stratification based on genomic mutational landscape of the plasma cell in MM patients. Using genetics based information, testing aberrant pathways in individualized patients and targeting those pathways have potential for precision and personalized treatment. We summarize current literature on cancer driving mutations and signal transduction aberrant pathways.Methods:We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Wiley Cochrane library, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Clinicaltrials.gov (updated July 29th, 2017) for original articles regarding MM using keywords like cytogenetics, molecular profiling, mutations, disrupted, transduction pathways, prognosis and precision medicine. We found 154 articles. After detailed scrutiny, 27 articles were included in the study.Results:We summarized literature search results under three categories. 1: Genetic mutations in Myeloma 2: Mutation based risk stratification 3: Aberrant intracellular transduction pathways and novel drugs targeting pathways.Conclusion:1: Genetic mutations in Myeloma:Cytogenetic aberrations in MM can be divided into two main groups: translocations involving the Immunoglobulin heavy locus (IGH) at 14q32.33 and genomic imbalances, defined as hyperdiploid and nonhyperdiploid subtypes. Hyperdiploid tumors are characterized by odd number chromosomal trisomy: 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 15, 19, and 21. Nonhyperdiploid tumors harbor IGH translocations, mainly t(4;14), t(6;14), t(11;14), t(14;16), and t(14;20). Secondary mutational events contribute to tumor progression and can include: MYC rearrangements, copy number variations (CNV): del(13q), dup(1q), del(1p) del(17p) and somatic mutations in KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, P53, and many others. Co-occurrence of two adverse genetic lesions, termed “double-hit”, is specifically associated with adverse outcome.2: Mutation based risk stratification:MM is divided into high, intermediate and standard risk (mainly based on interphase FISH). High risk MM has Del (17p), t(14;16), t(14;20) and gene expression profiling (GEP) shows high risk signature. Intermediate risk have t(4;14), 1q gain, Cytogenetic Del 13, Hypodiploidy and PCLI ≥ 3%. Standard risk patients have t(11;14) and t(6;14). R-ISS and mSMART risk stratification guidelines rely on interphase FISH and serum biomarkers but many characterized aberrations in MM are not adequately surveyed by these methods. The use of massively parallel sequencing and array technologies to identify specific genetic mutations such as whole-exome sequencing (WES), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays, gene expression profiling (GEP), Plasma cell labeling index (PCLI), array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), whole-genome sequencing (WGS)/whole exome sequecing (WES) (MALDI-TOF, NGS) in addition to historical methods can identify new subgroups and novel targetable pathways.3: Aberrant transduction pathways:Genetic aberrations lead to neoplastic proliferation and following aberrant pathways are detected in MM. KRAS/NRAS/BRAF mutations are detectable in up to 50% of newly diagnosed MM patients, making it a major therapeutic target (Walker et al 2015). Dysregulation of a Cyclin D gene, appears to be an early and unifying event in MM pathogenesis (Bergsagel et al., 2005). Pathological levels of MMSET (a histone methyltransferase) are found in t(4;14) MM cells, inhibition of MMSET would be of benefit in t(4;14) translocations. (Martinez-Garcia at al. 2011). Loss of CYLD enhances MM aggressiveness through Wnt pathway activation. WGS revealed V600E activating mutation in BRAF kinase (Andrulis et al 2013). NF-kB pathway remains constitutively active in MM and Proteasome inhibitors (Richardson et al., 2003) act principally by inhibiting NF-kB (Rajkumar et al., 2005). T cell exhaustion in MM via PD-1, PDL-1, PDL-2 signaling (Bae, Jooeun, et al 2017) can be blocked with immunecheck point inhibitors. Over active JAK Pathway (Chen, H, et al 2017) can be targeted with JAK2 Inhibitor Ruxolitinib. [Display omitted] DisclosuresNo relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Association of the DNA repair genes polymorphism with the frequency of chromosomal mutations and health status of the population of the Almaty region

The study utilized molecular-genetic, cytogenetic, and statistical analyzes methods. A cytogenetic and molecular genetic analysis of the inhabitants of the villages of Amangeldy, Belbulak, in whose territory warehouses of unused pesticides are located, was carried out. Residents of the Basshi village, on the territory of which there are no products of disposal of pesticides, were taken as control. Cytogenetic analysis showed a high level of chromosomal aberrations for the inhabitants of the Belbulak village, an increased level for the inhabitants of the Amangeldy village and a low level in the Basshi cohort. Molecular genetic analysis did not reveal a significant correlation between the polymorphisms of the XRCC1 Arg194Trp, XRCC3 Thr241Met and XPD Lys751Gln genes and the frequency of chromosomal aberrations. However, study determined the associative relationship of the polymorphism of the DNA repair gene XRCC1 Arg399Gln with the development of cardiovascular diseases in a population living near foci of pesticidal contamination.

Improving holographic particle characterization by modeling spherical aberration.

Holographic microscopy combined with forward modeling and inference allows colloidal particles to be characterized and tracked in three dimensions with high precision. However, current models ignore the effects of optical aberrations on hologram formation. We investigate the effects of spherical aberration on the structure of single-particle holograms and on the accuracy of particle characterization. We find that in a typical experimental setup, spherical aberration can result in systematic shifts of about 2% in the inferred refractive index and radius. We show that fitting with a model that accounts for spherical aberration decreases this aberration-dependent error by a factor of two or more, even when the level of spherical aberration in the optical train is unknown. With the new generative model, the inferred parameters are consistent across different levels of aberration, making particle characterization more robust.

Diacetyl and Butter Flavors Induces Genotoxic Effects and Liver Toxicity in Male Swiss Albino Mice after Acute and Chronic Exposure.

Since the mid-1950s, the volatile structure of butter oil and butter were researched, and an exhaustive list of elements has been collected. Diacetyl is an aromatic popular synthetic fragrance that gives food a buttery taste used in ice cream, snacks and potting with butter, strawberry, caramel, or cheese flavor. The chromosomal aberrations and micronuclei are commonly used biomarkers of chromosomal damage, genome stability, and cancer risk assessment. In vivo trials are still important to assess the genetic toxicology of chemical products such as industrial chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food additives. This study aimed at assessing the potential genotoxic effect of diacetyl and butter flavors on swiss albino mice using alterations in liver function enzymes, micronucleus (MN), and chromosomal aberrations (CA) assays. The results showed that exposure of swiss albino mice males to diacetyl and butter flavors induced (CA) and (MN) in a statistically highly significant manner compared to the control. Meanwhile, the biochemical analysis revealed that these substances caused an exceptional rise in liver function enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) activity in serum of treated experimental animals. In conclusion, both tested compounds have increased the chromosomal aberration, micronucleus test, and serum levels of liver function enzymes indicating their high potential of being cytotoxic and genotoxic materials.

Biological features of blood lymphocytes of the primary patients with endometrial cancer

The aim: to examine the radiosensitivity of chromosomes of T-lymphocytes in the blood of primary patients with endometrial cancer depending on the radiation dose. It was expected that the investigations would reveal a cytogenetic parameter as a predictor of radiosensitivity in non-malignant cells of patients exposed to curative irradiation.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Blood samples from 20 primary patients and 30 conditionally healthy donors were examined. Peripheral blood T-lymphocytes culture test system with metaphase chromosome aberration analysis was used. X-ray test-irradiation was performed at G0-stage of the cell cycle in the dose range of 0.5–3.0 Gy.&#x0D; Results. It was shown that the spontaneous level of chromosome aberrations in lymphocytes of primary patients before anti-tumour therapy is 7,82±0,33 aberrations/100 metaphases. This is more than 2-fold higher than the upper limit of average population index and approximately 6-fold higher than the data of own control. In our study during X-ray irradiation of cells cultures of patients, it was found for the first time that the total frequency of radiation-induced chromosome aberrations obeys the classical linear quadratic dose dependence with a predominance of linear component values; the frequency of radiation markers – also linear quadratic dose dependence, but with a predominance of quadratic component.&#x0D; Conclusions. High specificity of T-lymphocyte chromosomes to exposure to ionizing radiation as well as strict dependence of chromosome aberration yield on exposure dose justify their use as predictors of radiosensitivity of healthy cells from the tumour environment. The revealed dependences of induction of chromosomal damage in T-lymphocytes of patients with endometrial cancer prove the need for a personalized approach to plan the course of radiation therapy

Polymorphism of TGF-β1, TР53, CHEK2, ATM genes аnd chromosomal aberrations in workers at coal thermal electric power station

Introduction. Working conditions at coal-fired power plants cause an increased risk of the formation of chromosomal damage in workers. The contribution of the variability of the structure of the genes controlling the cell cycle and apoptosis to the occurrence of cytogenetic disorders induced by such mutagens has been little studied. Material and methods. The polymorphic variants of the genes: TP53 (rs1042522), CHEK2 (rs555607708), ATM (rs1801516), TGF-β1 (rs1800469), and the level of chromosomal aberrations (CA) in the lymphocytes of the blood were studied. Three hundred twenty-six workers of coal-fired power plants and 267 individuals who did not work in industrial enterprises were examined. All individuals were Caucasians, residents of Kemerovo (Western Siberia, Russia). Results. The level of CA in blood lymphocytes in thermal power plant workers was established to be statistically significantly higher than that of residents of the same locality who never works in industrial enterprises (3.05 ± 0.09% versus 1.67 ± 0.07%, p = 0, 000001). The prevalence of the polymorphic variants of the TP53 (rs1042522), CHEK2 (rs555607708), ATM (rs1801516), TGF-β1 (rs1800469) genes in the group of workers was the same to those in the comparison group and corresponded to the global data obtained in Caucasians. In the group of workers with the TT genotype of the TGF-β1 gene, the frequency of metaphases with chromosome damage was statistically significantly higher than in individuals with the CC genotype (4.07 ± 0.41% versus 2.85 ± 0.10%, p = 0.006). Discussion. For the first time a significant contribution of polymorphic variants of TGF-β1 genes to the formation of chromosomal damage in working coal-fired power plants was revealed. This may be associated with an increased level of expression of the multifunctional cytokine TGF-β1 in owners of the TT genotype and its ability to influence proliferation, apoptosis, telomerase activity, and other critical cellular processes. Conclusion. The results of the study I, ndicate that not only the complex of industrial genotoxicants, but also individual genetic characteristics of the organism can influence on the formation of cytogenetic disorders in workers at thermal power plants.

Optical aberrations and modulation transfer function of a thermal lens for use in imaging.

The optical aberrations of the thermal lens formed in a liquid are reported for the first time as expressed in terms of the Zernike polynomials coefficients. Convection of the liquid in which the thermal lens is formed is shown to strongly modify the lens imaging properties, even for the case of vertical heating laser illumination, as studied herein. The time evolution of the optical properties of the thermal lens is investigated. The direction from which the heating laser beam illuminates the thermo-optical liquid, in which the thermal lens is formed, has been found to be crucial for the lens optical power, type, and level of aberrations observed and the way these lens properties change in time.

Overexpressing a NPR1-like gene from Citrus paradisi enhanced Huanglongbing resistance in C. sinensis.

Overexpression of CiNPR4 enhanced resistance of transgenic citrus plants to Huanglongbing by perceiving the salicylic acid and jasmonic acid signals and up-regulating the transcriptional activities of plant-pathogen interaction genes. Developing transgenic citrus plants with enhanced immunity is an efficient strategy to control citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). Here, a nonexpressor of pathogenesis-related gene 1 (NPR1) like gene from HLB-tolerant 'Jackson' grapefruit (Citrus paradisi Macf.), CiNPR4, was introduced into 'Wanjincheng' orange (Citrus sinensis Obseck). CiNPR4 expression was determined in transgenic citrus plants using quantitative real-time PCR analyses. The Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus (CLas) pathogen of HLB was successfully transmitted to transgenic citrus plants by grafting infected buds. HLB symptoms developed in transgenic and wild-type (WT) plants by 9months after inoculation. A CLas population analysis showed that 26.9% of transgenic lines exhibited significantly lower CLas titer levels compared with the CLas-infected WT plants at 21months after inoculation. Lower starch contents and anatomical aberration levels in the phloem were observed in transgenic lines having enhanced resistance compared with CLas-infected WT plants. CiNPR4 overexpression changed the jasmonic acid, but not salicylic acid, level. Additionally, the jasmonic acid and salicylic acid levels increased after CLas infection. Transcriptome analyses revealed that the enhanced resistance of transgenic plants to HLB resulted from the up-regulated transcriptional activities of plant-pathogen interaction-related genes.

Correlation of accommodation and lens location with higher-order aberrations and axial length elongation during orthokeratology lens wear

This study examined the effects of overnight orthokeratology (OK) on higher-order wavefront aberrations (HOA), axial length elongation, and accommodation. Low to moderate myopic subjects with healthy eyes wore OK lenses nightly for 9 months. Corneal topography wavefront aberrations and accommodation were measured approximately monthly. Linear mixed-effects models were used to examine the association between the change in peripheral corneal parameters relative to the central cornea with HOA, and the association of accommodation and axial length elongation with HOA. Thirty-three participants (mean age 19.61 years) were included. Mean baseline refraction was −2.97 D (range, −1.0 to −5.0 D). The level of spherical aberration (SA) was associated with a change in relative superior-central corneal thickness (β = −0.21, SE = 0.10, p < 0.037) and with the increased difference in superior-central corneal curvature (β = 0.34, SE = 0.15, p = 0.026). The change of coma increased with the change in relative superior corneal curvature (β = 0.84, SE = 0.18, p < 0.001). Axial length elongation was associated with both horizontal coma (β = 0.19, SE = 0.07, p = 0.018) and SA (β = 0.20, SE = 0.07, p = 0.003). While accommodation and axial length were correlated with HOA, axial length elongation was not correlated with accommodation in OK lens wearers.

Effects of brachytherapy on cytogenetic parameters and oxidative status in peripheral blood lymphocytes of gynecologic cancer patients.

The state-of-the-art brachytherapy technologies with high-dose sources of 60Co and 192Ir within contemporary treatment protocols for cancer patients allow achieving maximum dose distribution in the clinical target and with minimum radiation exposure of surrounding organs and tissues. For minimization and overcoming the early and late radiation complications, development of respective radiobiological criteria along with perfecting of physical and technical characteristics of the ionizing radiation sources are required. To study the effect of 192Ir radiation on the chromosomal aberrations and prooxidant/antioxidant status of blood lymphocytes in gynecological cancer patients. The patients (n= 45) with endometrial, cervical and secondary cancer of vagina were enrolled in the study. For brachytherapy, the irradiation of vaginal mucosa was conducted using "GammaMed plus" device for contact radiation therapy with 192Ir source. Prior to irradiation and in 20-24h after brachytherapy session, the venous blood samples were obtained and peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) were cultured for cytogenetic analysis. The prooxidant/antioxidant status was determined in hemolysates by the method of hydrogen peroxide-induced chemiluminescence. The average level of spontaneous chromosome aberrations in PBL of the patients was (7.8± 0.4) per 100metaphases, which is more than twice higher than the upper limit of the average population values. The frequency of chromosome aberrations in PBL of patients after brachytherapy session was (15.3± 1.0) per 100metaphases. An increased intensity of O2- generation by PBL after brachytherapy session was also noticed. Local irradiation at a dose of 6Gy featuring the first dose fraction of brachytherapy induces extra chromosomal aberrations in PBL of gynecological cancer patients and intensifies prooxidant processes in the blood.

Study of modifying effects of astaxanthin on cytogenetic manifestations of bystander response in human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro.

To study the possible impact of astaxanthin on the cytogenetic manifestations of the simultaneous development of radiation-induced (RIBE) and tumor-induced bystander effect (TIBE) in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Peripheral blood lymphocytes from healthy persons and patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia were cultured separately or cocultured with or without previous irradiation in vitro by 137Cs at a dose of 0.5Gy. The cells were cultured with and without 20μg/ml astaxanthin. In the presence of astaxanthin, the decrease of chromosomal instability both in the variant with separate TIBE and with simultaneous development of TIBE and RIBE was observed as the reduction in the frequency of simple chromosome-type aberrations, namely, double fragments. The average level of chromatid-type aberrations did not change under the action of astaxanthin. Although the total chromosome instability in bystander cells diminished, this did not lead to the elimination of the RIBE and TIBE development in the presence of astaxanthin. In the setting of experiment, astaxanthin did not reduce the frequency of chromatid-type aberrations in bystander cells due to RIBE and TIBE but reduced the frequency of simple aberrations of chromosomal type, not associated with the development of bystander response phenomenon.