Okra Research Articles

Effect of Different Dose of Chlormequat on Growth and Yield of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)

A field trial was conducted during Kharif season 2022-23 at the sharadhey Bhagwati singh research farm of Chandra Bhanu Gupta Agriculture P. G. College, B. K. T. Lucknow to find out the “Effect of different dose of chlormequat on growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.)” .The experiment consisted of 6 treatments concentration of chlormequat (water spray, 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 ppm) replicated three times. Results revealed that growth parameter like days to reproductive phase, number of leaf per plant, number of branches per plant and yield attributes i.e. fruit length, fruit girth, number of fruit per plant, and yield per plant was significantly highest with chlormequat spray T6 (@1250ppm) as compared to rest of the treatment. However, the plant height and days to first floral initiation was significantly reduced with increasing dose of chlormequat and being highest with control. The highest fruit yield (110.22q/ha) was recorded in T6 treatment, which was at par with T5 (102.22 q/ha). whereas the lowest fruit yield hectare was recorded in T1 i.e. control (53.76 q /ha) . The percent increase in yield due to chlormequat @ 1250 ppm was recorded to the tune of 7.78, 27.02, 47.90, 74.37 and 105.02 over dose of 1000 ppm, 750 ppm, 500 ppm, 250 ppm and no chloremequet spray treatments, respectively.

Genetic assessment and potence ratio of various traits of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in mid hills of Himachal Pradesh

The selection of appropriate breeding strategies for achieving desired improvements in plant breeding necessitates a thorough understanding of the mechanism of gene expression implicated in the transmission of quantitative and biochemical characteristics. Line × tester study of 30 F1 hybrids obtained by crossing 13 parental lines was carried out to assess gene action and potence ratio of such traits in okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) during rainy (kharif) seasons of 2021 and 2022 at research farm of Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry, Nauni, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. Out of 22 traits, 20 indicated the preponderance of non-additive gene action and additive gene action for plant height and inter-nodal length. UHFO-6 and UHFO-9 were the best general combiners, whereas, UHFO-2 × Pusa Bhindi-5 and UHFO-10 × Hisar Unnat were the best specific combiners. For 20 traits, proportional contribution of lines was higher than the testers for total variance. Potence ratio indicated that majority of the traits in the hybrids had over dominance gene effect. Over dominance was expressed for pod length, pod diameter, number of pods per plant, average pod weight, and pod yield per plant, etc. To maximize the entire genetic potential of hybrids and parents with excellent per se performance, okra crop development initiatives must include heterosis, combining ability, proportionate contribution of genotypes and potence ratio.

Studies on population dynamics of major pests of okra

Okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench] is known tobe infested by many insect pest among them the most important onesare sucking pests like aphids, leafhopper, whitefly and fruit borerslike Earias vitella and Helicoverpa armigera. Controlling these pestsis very much important to obtain good yield, hence knowledge aboutthese pest incidence needed for taking up management practices. Inthis context, okra was sown during last week of November (rabi2020-21) and observations were recorded at weekly interval. Peakincidence of aphid (23.44 aphids/3 leaves) and leafhopper (16.97leafhopper/3 leaves) noticed during last week of December, whitefly(12.70 whiteflies/3 leaves) during second week of March. Fruit borersduring third week of February and second week of March with percent fruit damage of 44.9 (Earias vitella) and 13.59 (Helicoverpaarmigera).Sucking pests incidence more up to 10th week old crop,there after the population declined. In case of fruit borers, theypersisted upto end of the season

Enhanced vermicomposting of rice straw and pressmud with biogas slurry employing Eisenia fetida: Production, characterization, growth, and toxicological risk assessment

The biogas plant plays a dual role: it directly provides energy and indirectly promotes organic farming through outlet slurry. However, agricultural biomass wastes such as rice straws (RS) and pressmud (PM), which can't be used as fertilizers on their own, were vermicomposted (60 days) with biogas slurry (BS), using earthworm, into four blends: T1(BS, 100%), T2(3:2, BS: RS), T3(3:2, BS: PM), and T4(3:1:1, BS: RS: PM). The characterization, elemental analysis, and toxicological risk assessment of derived vermimanure were carried out using various analytical tools, such as an organic elemental analyzer such as CHNS, FT-IR, FESEM-EDXA, XPS, and ICP-OES. The pH, electrical conductivity, and C/N values were within 7.1–7.8, 3.2–6.0 dSm−1, and 12–15, respectively, for all treatments. The proportions of N (38%), P (70%), K (58%), Mg (67%), Ca (42%), and ash (44%), increased significantly (P < 0.05) over the initial feedstocks. The ecological risks of heavy metals (Zn, Cu, Ni, Pb, Cd, and Cr) in all feedstocks were found to be under WHO-permitted levels. The growth performance of earthworms was also considerably higher (P < 0.05) over the control feedstock group. The analytical methods verified that feedstock T4 (3:1:1, BS: RS: PM) was more porous, containing NH4+, PO43−, K+, and other nutrients. Pellets of all vermimanure groups keep 65–75% of the original volume. As well, when these pellets have been employed for agronomy and dispersed in the field, they will cause less dust than traditional or powdered compost or manure. In comparison to the control group, the synergistic approach of RS, PM, and BS in vermimanure significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced seed germination (83%), vigour index (42.5%), and decreased mean germination time by 27%. Furthermore, pot trials with Abelmoschus esculentus seed indicated that seedlings cultivated with 40% vermimanure of T4 (3:1:1, BS: RS: PM) mixed soil showed high growth in shoot, root, and plant yield.

Edukasi Pembuatan Permen Jelly Dari Buah Okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus L.) Untuk Pencegahan Penyakit Diabetes Melitus Di Sma 7 Plus Kota Bengkulu

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) Is a plant that comes from the malvacae family which is known as lady finger. okra also contains phenols and flavonoids which have antioxidant and anti-diabetic effects, the fiber contained in okra is suitable for processing as a chewy textured food such as jelly drink.The purpose of this service is for students of SMAN 7 Bengkulu city to know the benefits of okra fruit and its processing in the form of jelly candy which can prevent diabetes mellitus.The method used in this service is by distributing brochures and questionnaires to students of SMAN 7 Bengkulu City and brief material presentations about okra fruit and its processing.The results of the activity obtained were 27 students who liked the taste of jelly candy and 3 students who didn't like it.There were 23 students who liked the aroma and 7 students did not like the aroma.There were 17 students who liked the color and 13 students liked the color a little.

Role of microbial inoculants for improving productivity and systemic resistance in Abelmoschus esculentus

Okra is an economic vegetable crop and widely dispersed throughout the world's tropical, subtropical zones. It is necessary for human health and an adequate supply of total vitamins, minerals, digestive enzymes and other elements that are typically deficient in developing-country diets. The disease issues in this crop are root-decaying infections. Microbial inoculants are gaining a reputation in agronomic research. Pseudomonas species have the ability to boost plant immunity by inducing resistance against biotic and abiotic stress. Because of its substantial properties in growth and pathogen suppression during its complimentary relationship with host, Pseudomonas is the most preferred bio-inoculant. The association of Pseudomonas with crop stimulates the secretion of phytohormones, secondary metabolites and enzymes responsible for growth and pathogen control. The aim of the study is to figure out the consequences of competing inoculants on the nutritional content and quality of okra plants. So different strains of P. fluorescens (EFP161, EFP121, EFP43, EFP56, and EFP171) were inoculated (200 mL in soil) along with okra seeds in field trails. The experiment was completely randomized block design and run for 60 days of inoculation. After harvesting (60 days), their growth parameters with their biomass and stress resistance indicators like polyphenols (26.5 μg/mL), antioxidant (43.08%) and salicylic acid content (0.11 μg/mL) were estimated in Pseudomonas treated plants. Fruit quality parameters including total soluble solids (4.7%), pH, moisture content (93%), proteins (95 μg/mL) and carbohydrates (39 μg/mL) were tested in order to check their nutritional value. Okra plants showed some complications during field trails like death of the young seedlings, wet soil, rotting of small pods is a fairly common problem. These inoculants exhibited plant growth-stimulating properties by elevating their resistance power to stress and against phytopathogens responsible for plant growth reduction. The inoculation of these strains not only increased the plant growth parameters but also increased the nutritional quality of fruits. This research summarizes the impact of microbial inoculants as agricultural inputs.

Innovative farming techniques for superior okra yield in Chitwan, Nepal: The benefits of plastic film mulch and pest exclusion net on soil properties, growth, quality and profitability

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) is a large-acreage cultivated, nutritious, commercial fruit vegetable crop in tropical and subtropical regions that plays a dominant role in Nepalese cuisine in the summer. Modified growing conditions through pest exclusion nets (PEN) and types of mulch on okra might be effective techniques to enhance yield and marketable production. Research is performed to investigate the effects of PEN and plastic film on the performance and yield of okra. An experiment laid out single factorial randomized complete block design with four replications and five treatments consists of: a) Control (No net + no mulch), b) Organic mulch (Rice straw mulch), c) Black plastic mulch, d) Silver plastic mulch, e) Pest exclusion net + black plastic mulch; on Swastik-2 F1 variety. The data were analyzed R software at the (p ≤ 0.05) level of significance and mean comparison is done using (Dunken Multiple Range Test) DMRT. This study revealed that silver plastic mulch and black plastic mulch treatment statistically resulted in pars & significantly higher yield (30.74 and 29.39 mt ha−1), leaf number/plant (27.98 and 26.73), branch number/plant (5 all), fruit number/plant (33 & 29) and the lowest days to flowering (39 & 40 days) compared to control; while PEN+black plastic mulching treatment resulted in higher plant height (212.93 cm), stem diameter (2.54 cm), fruit length (18.26 cm), fruit diameter (1.73 cm), fruit weight (32.80 g), longest days to flowering (43 days) and lowest leaf number per plant (15.58), branches/plant (4), yield (20.4 mt ha−1), light intensity (110.32 lx) which is undesirable yield perspectives but insect pest population is significantly lower in PEN results superior quality than other treatmets. Black plastic films and PEN+ black mulch raise soil temperature (max 34.89 °C) and increase soil moisture (18.15% vol) during germination. Plant inside PEN +black plastic mulching received low light intensity had higher vegetative growth but found with low yield. Plants in control and straw mulch treatments were found to have low vegetative growth and yield (22.7 and 24.4 tons/ha). Farmers can use silver and Black plastic plastics mulch, which are economically more viable and Productive as compared to other treatments for commercial cultivation of okra.

Indigenous knowledge and nutritional and morphological characterization of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) varieties in Western Ethiopia.

Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moecnh) is a versatile crop that is widely grown in western Ethiopia, despite that it is less researched. This study, therefore, investigates the traditional knowledge, nutritional, and morphological characteristics of two commonly grown okra varieties (Kenketse and Sharma) in west Ethiopia. A semi-structured questionnaire, checklist, and observations were used to collect primary data from households, key informants, and farms. In addition, proximate composition parameters like moisture content, total ash, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, utilizable carbohydrates, and gross energy fruits were measured through laboratory analysis. Fruit morphological traits, including fruit dimensions such as length and width, were determined using a digital Vernier caliper. For data analysis, SPSS software was used. The results revealed that the entire plant is used for both food and ethnomedicinal purposes. Curing ailments such as stomach pain, constipation, wound/cut, heart discomfort, back pain, malaria, diarrhea, and amoebae were among the medical benefits of okra. The proximate composition (%) on a dry matter basis of okra fruits differed significantly (p < .05) by cultivar type and drying method. Moisture (3.69%-5.24%), total ash (6.60%-8.01%), crude fat (4.87%-8.58%), crude protein (4.06%-5.23%), crude fiber (12.85%-15.26%), utilizable carbohydrate (56.42%-67.63%), and gross energy contents (326-341 kcal) were the ranges of the various proximate and energy levels. Morphological characteristics of fruit and leaf length, width, and length-to-width ratio varied with cultivar type, where Sharma had more than double the length of Kenketse (70.1 vs. 187.1 mm). Despite being an undervalued native vegetable crop in Ethiopia, the study's findings show that okra is a multipurpose vegetable for promoting human health and ensuring food and nutritional security. Therefore, stepping up its production, marketing, and consumption could help alleviate the food shortage and improve human nutrition and health in the study areas.

Antimicrobial and phytotoxicity activity of essential oils from waste leaves of Curcuma longa

Curcuma longa L. is a herbaceous crop that is used for wide applications. The economic importance of C. longa is the rhizome but the leaves remain as wastes. The present study aims to extract the essential oils from the waste leaves of four different varieties of C. longa and to evaluate the antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens and phytotoxic activities of essential oils on seed germination. The major components of EO were monoterpenes with abundant percentage varying across the varieties. The major compounds in Rajendra Sonia were α-terpinolene (14.64%), m-cymen-8-ol (14.02%), 5-isopropenyl-2-methyl-7-oxabicyclo [4.1.0]heptan-2-ol (11.13%), in Rajendra Sonali were α-terpinolene (13,91%), m-cymen-8-ol (11.18%), exo-2-hydroxycineole (13.0%), in IISR-Alleppy Supreme were α-phellandrene (12.84%), α-terpinolene (7.77%), and in IISR-Roma were cis-2,3-pinanediol (17.55%), p-cymene (11.76%). EO exhibited notable antimicrobial activity against plant pathogens albeit to a different degree and in a dose-dependent manner. EO from Rajendra Sonali and Roma inhibited 74% of growth of Bipolaris oryzae as compared to the control while EO from IISR-Alleppy and Roma inhibited the growth of Xanthamonas oryzae more effectively as compared to other EO. Furthermore, EO exhibited phytotoxicity effect and inhibited germination of seeds by 62.91% in Triticum aestivum, 76.1% in Panicum sumatrense and 78.6% in Abelmoschus esculentus and inhibition increased significantly with increased concentration of the essential oils with the exception in Zea mays where inhibition was 20.6% and found not significant. The findings from the study suggest that EO from turmeric waste leave could be valorized and have potential for application in pest control management.

Abelmoschus esculentus Improves Hippocampal Function Associated with Dipeptidyl Peptidase‐4 in High Fat Diet‐Fed db/db Mice

Hippocampal function can be impaired by diabetes mellitus (DM) and obesity. Abelmoschus esculentus (AE) fractions reportedly mitigate the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) by downregulating dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 (DPP‐4)‐mediated insulin resistance. AE extracted by alcohol (fraction 1, F1) and water (fraction 2, F2) contained quercetin glycosides and polysaccharides, respectively. In this study, we investigated whether AE affects hippocampal function in in vitro and in vivo systems. Our results indicate that F1 or F2 enhanced neurogenesis and synapse formation in palmitate‐treated hippocampal neural cells, presumably by downregulating DPP‐4. In db/db mice fed with high fat diet, the hippocampal insulin resistance correlated spatial recognition, with fraction F2 improving hippocampal function. Of note, the alteration of neurogenesis seems interconnecting with changes in gut microbiota. In summary, AE can improve hippocampal function, attenuate insulin resistance, and promote neurogenesis by regulating DPP‐4. AE, particularly F2, has the potential to serve as an adjuvant in preventing DM‐associated AD.

Molecular docking and in vivo protective effects of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) against metabolic dysfunction in high-fat, high-sodium diet-fed rats.

Okra pods (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench) have been used as a functional vegetable as they contain polysaccharides, flavonoids, and other bioactive molecules that protect the body from several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to look at the involvement of okra constituents (mucilage and flesh) in the prevention of metabolic dysfunctions induced in a rat model by a high-fat, high-salt (HF/NaCl) diet. Okra mucilage was extracted using an ultrasonic method, freeze-dried, characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and tested for swelling ratio and radical scavenging activity. Okra flesh (skin and seeds) was separated from pods; characterized using SEM; and tested for dietary fiber content, phenolic profile, and radical scavenging activity. The significance of okra bioactive compounds in inhibiting human salivary amylase, glutamine : fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFAT), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and C-reactive protein (CRP) was investigated using molecular docking. Rats were fed an HF/NaCl diet and orally treated daily with freeze-dried okra mucilage or flesh (100 mg per kg body weight) for 8 weeks. Glucose, insulin, inflammatory indicators (CRP, TNF-α, and interleukin 6), oxidative markers (red blood cell lipid peroxidation, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide, and superoxide dismutase), lipid profile, estradiol, feces lipids as well as femur and urine calcium were measured. The molecular docking findings showed the interaction of quercetin and chlorogenic acid, which are the most abundant phenolic compounds in okra pods, with the studied proteins, which gives an indication of the mechanism of okra's anti-diabetic, anti-oxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects. Okra mucilage and flesh significantly reduced glucose, insulin, cholesterol, lipid peroxidation, CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and urine calcium levels while significantly increasing feces lipid and femur calcium levels. The findings suggested that okra mucilage and flesh seem to be promising candidates for protection against metabolic dysfunction.

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Comparative efficacy of biopesticides and certain chemicals against shoot and fruit borer (Earias vittella) on okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.)

Shelf Life Improvement of Okra: A Review

Okra is a vegetable crop belonging to family Malvaceae. Its botanical name is Abelmoschus esculentus (Linn.), the plant originated from West Africa. Food content of okra pods include minerals salts, vitamins and proteins and roughages. Okra is a highly perishable commodity, after harvest of Okra, a great loss occurs because since the fruit undergoes continued respiration. Many post-harvest practices such as use of calcium chloride, modified atmosphere packaging (MAP), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), heat treatment, cold storage, use of plant extract, have been used to extend the shelf life okra and the use of plant extract is regarded as the cheapest, most practicable method but the extraction of compounds should be safe and eco-friendly.

Iron toxicity effects on the growth and biochemical analysis of Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants

Iron toxicity effects on the growth and biochemical analysis of Lady’s finger (Abelmoschus esculentus) plants

Impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield, and quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

Impact of integrated nutrient management on the growth, yield, and quality of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L. Moench)

Efficacy of certain insecticides and botanical against shoot and fruit borer, (Earias vittella) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under field condition

Efficacy of certain insecticides and botanical against shoot and fruit borer, (Earias vittella) on okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) under field condition

Synthesis, characterization, and photocatalytic activities of green sol-gel ZnO nanoparticles using Abelmoschus esculentus and Salvia officinalis: A comparative study versus co-precipitation-synthesized nanoparticles

BackgroundThe development of green chemistry methods involving plant-based nanoparticle synthesis presents an affordable and eco-friendly approach for wastewater treatment and color removal. This study aimed to synthesize ZnO nanoparticles using the sol-gel method with Salvia officinalis and Abelmoschus esculentus plants, examining their photocatalytic efficiency for organic dye removal. MethodsTo compare the properties of ZnO nanoparticles, another type of ZnO-NPs was synthesized using the co-precipitation method. The characterization of synthesized nanoparticles was performed using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA-DTG), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Zeta potential (ZP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and UV–Vis spectrophotometry. ResultsBased on XRD results, the average crystalline size of nanoparticles was calculated using the Debye-Scherer equation for synthesized nanoparticles using the S. officinalis at 22.99 nm and for the A. esculentus at 29.79 nm, and for the co-precipitation method at 18.83 nm. The FE-SEM images showed spherical ZnO nanoparticles. Photocatalytic properties of ZnO-NPs were investigated for remove of methylene blue organic dye in the presence of UV light. The pH 10 was identified as the best pH, which had the highest percentage of color degradation. All three types of nanoparticles were tested by up to 360 min to optimize the dyeing time. For A. esculentus, the highest percentage of color removal occurred in the first 90 min (41.0 %), for S. officinalis nanoparticles between 75 and 90 min (86.9 %), and for chemically synthesized nanoparticles between 30 and 45 min (100 %). ConclusionsIn conclusion, the best MB dye degradation capacity belonged to co-precipitation ZnO nanoparticles followed by S. officinalis and A. esculentus nanoparticles.

Low-cost spirulina manufacturing technique by using supernatant of digested rotten ladies finger (Abelmoschus esculentus)

The goal of the study was to assess the culture method and spirulina (Spirulina platensis) production in the supernatant of three distinct digested rotting ladiesfingers, using Kosaric medium (KM) as the control. Two hundred gram rotten ladies finger was allowed to digestion in 4.0 L distilled water using aeration in 5.0 L glass jar.After 30 days, almost colorless supernatant was found, screened through 300 μm net and added with 9 g/l NaHCO3, 0.20 g/l urea and 0.50 ml/Lmicro nutrients. Three different concentrations such as 25, 50 and 75% of supernatant with three replications were prepared. Next, three digested rotten ladies finger medium (DRLFM) treatments were infected with 10% spirulina (at OD620 = 0.20) to develop. It was recorded that spirulina grew well at 12thday and then it was found to fall and continued up to 18thdays. The cell weight of spirulina attained a maximum of 16.45 ± 0.78 mg/L (dry weight basis) in KM followed by 13.785 ± 0.643, 10.354± 0.233 and 2.738 ± 0.177 mg/L in supernatant of 50, 75 and 25% DRLFM, respectively on the 12thday of culture. Similar trend wasalso observed in optical density of media, content of chlorophyll a(mg/L), total biomass (mg/L), particular growth rate of spirulina (based on cell weight and chlorophyll a). It could be concluded that mass culture of S. platensis may be done in supernatant of 50% digested rotten ladies finger media.

Evidence of microRNAs origination from chloroplast genome and their role in regulating Photosystem II protein N (psbN) mRNA.

The microRNAs are endogenous, regulating gene expression either at the DNA or RNA level. Despite the availability of extensive studies on microRNA generation in plants, reports on their abundance, biogenesis, and consequent gene regulation in plant organelles remain naVve. Building on previous studies involving pre-miRNA sequencing in Abelmoschus esculentus, we demonstrated that three putative microRNAs were raised from the chloroplast genome. In the current study, we have characterized the genesis of these three microRNAs through a combination of bioinformatics and experimental approaches. The gene sequence for a miRNA, designated as AecpmiRNA1 (A. esculentus chloroplast miRNA), is potentially located in both the genomic DNA, i.e., nuclear and chloroplast genome. In contrast, the gene sequences for the other two miRNAs (AecpmiRNA2 and AecpmiRNA3) are exclusively present in the chloroplast genome. Target prediction revealed many potential mRNAs as targets for AecpmiRNAs. Further analysis using 5' RACE-PCR determined the AecpmiRNA3 binding and cleavage site at the photosystem II protein N (psbN). These results indicate that AecpmiRNAs are generated from the chloroplast genome, possessing the potential to regulate mRNAs arising from chloroplast gene(s). On the other side, the possibility of nuclear genome-derived mRNA regulation by AecpmiRNAs cannot be ruled out.

Effect of nano urea and nano dap conjugated with potassium on physical and chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Sudha

Effect of nano urea and nano dap conjugated with potassium on physical and chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of okra crop (Abelmoschus esculentus L.) var. Sudha