Abduction Of Women Research Articles

Rural Murle Age-Set Men Tackling Elites in South Sudan

The Murle age system is often presented in a negative light in the South Sudan conflict reporting, which links age-set activities to communal violence, cattle rustling, and the abduction of women and children. Such assessments by outsiders overlook the positive effects of age-sets on interethnic relations in rural areas, where young people follow the Murle tradition and navigate the complex influence networks of Murle society. We focus on pastoral Murle youth in Pibor born in the 1980s and 1990s—that is, the laŋo age-set. By drawing on in-depth life-story interviews, this article studies how Murle laŋo masculinity is constructed, embodied, and negotiated. The analysis of our ethnographic data exemplifies how early childhood emotional bonds with caregivers, conflicts, and marginalisation impact the life trajectory of one Murle man. Our results show the connectedness of political orientation, tradition, and masculinity to intergenerational conflict and competition for political and societal power in Murle society. The study increases our understanding of Murle laŋo men’s survival strategies. Specifically, it shows that these rural marginalised Murle youth build alliances beyond kinship and ethnic ties, defend land, advance the goal of peace with neighbours, volunteer for unpaid community work to fight idleness, and act as a counter force to prevent manipulation by political and military leaders. Zɔɔz Zɔɔz nici ɔp bayiz ci ɔl o maac een murle abaak Murla, ki gɔl ci bayizo, ki gɔl ci ganonto been culanɛ ci kobɛkɛ ɔl kaal. Gi ci titiny bayize ceen murlen nɛɛn, buluwa kibeen kerenɛ ogi o murle gɔɔn anya bayiz o gɛɛr gɔɔn aruwɔn ɔl, ma kɔran tiin moda ma kagaman ŋai ki dɔɔl ci modo. Mazin liŋliŋɔnti nici aŋamnek kaal o abon agɔɔn bulowa o abaak murla loce o ɔl o kolik een junup ŋawo azɔɔzi kaal o bayiz uneŋ murlo. Ma golowa ci kaŋamneka kalyanit o bayiz o een murlen, ayelza rɔŋrɔŋanɔnɛt ci arɔrɔŋanɔn nigi ki, gɔɔl ci adiŋdiŋani Jowanɛ o adilyai, gɔl ci siaso, ki kɛranɛ, ki kaal ci akati ŋayetin ki jorɛnɛɛn zɛɛ been ŋɛrɔn ci aŋɛrɔɔn alata o murlo aŋɛrɛ sias giye ci arɔɔŋi rum o. Bayizi ween aturuwen aroŋnyi, ayelzai bule o kazi lango, agamta nigi bayiz ci aromɛn niŋgi dook kodoye, ma arican ganɔɔn ma buk ɔp calaŋ aŋɛɛr nɔgɔ siasa karabɔŋ een zɔɔz ci takirzetu. Keywords: masculinity, laŋo, life story, tradition, elites, Murle, South Sudan

АНАЛИЗ ЭТНОФОЛЬКЛОРНЫХ СВЕДЕНИЙ, СВЯЗАННЫХ С ПОХИЩЕНИЕМ НЕВЕСТЫ В КАРАКАЛПАКСКОМ ФОЛЬКЛОРЕ

This article is devoted to the study of the custom of kyz alyp kashyu – kidnapping a girl, which has been preserved among the Karakalpaks to the present. The causes, forms and types have been identified. The peculiar features and place in wedding ceremonies are determined. Also, the article analyzes the historical and ethnographic motifs that testify to the ancient forms of bride kidnapping. Karakalpak folklore represents the most archaic layers of wedding rituals and traditions. In particular, folk tales, legends, and epics have preserved motifs related to marriage based on stealing the bride. In the work, the author shows with the help of ethnofolklore materials that the early types of bride kidnapping preserved in the texts of the Karakalpak epics differ from modern times. The motif zhaylap alyngan ҳayal or olzha ҳayal (“trophy woman”) in the Karakalpak epics has an archaic character, which is inherent mainly in the military-democratic period. One of the main requirements of a military-democratic society is the custom of kidnapping the women of the defeated side and marrying them. In another way, predatory marriage, marriage by capture, kidnapping, abduction of women is a primitive, very common form of marriage, in which the marriage union is established by forcibly (actually or feigningly) capturing a woman. These motifs are found in various variants. One of the plots that is characteristic of Karakalpak folklore is the unauthorized departure of a girl to her lover or the staging of her abduction by prior mutual consent, which is widespread among Karakalpaks today. The abduction of the bride is staged with or without the consent of the parents. According to the author of the article, the motifs associated with kidnapping the bride are peculiar not only to Karakalpak folklore, but also to other peoples and ethnic groups. This gives us the opportunity to discover the similarities and interrelationships of the Karakalpak people with other peoples. In addition, the author interprets the results of analyses of images associated with the motif of kidnapping the bride in such epics as Yedige, The Book of my grandfather Korkut, the legends Ketenler, Pedigree of Turkmen (Shazharai tarokima) and in field records conducted by the author.

Empower HER: Education as a Force against Violence on Women

Violence against women is perhaps the most shameful human rights violation, and it is perhaps the most pervasive. It is a particularly severe problem in India. While 2020 saw the registration of 28,046 cases of rape, this increased to 31,677 in 2021. Conversely, overall crimes against women rose from 56.5% in 2020 to 64.5% in 2021. The majority of cases categorised as crimes against women were reported under ‘Cruelty by husband or his relatives’ (31.8%), followed by ‘Assault on woman with intent to outrage her modesty’ (20.8%), ‘Kidnapping and abduction of women’ (17.6%) and ‘Rape’ (7.4%) (NCRB, 2021). The Government of India has enacted specific laws and implemented several schemes operated by different departments and ministries to safeguard the interests of women and uplift their status in society. In spite of constitutional guarantees, legislative provisions, judiciary mandate and administrative efforts, women security in India is still lacking in some areas. Mere enactment of laws and chalking out of schemes are not much effective for curbing these atrocities thereby empowering women. This empowerment is possible only through education. Thus, empowering women through education has become the need of the hour. This paper is an attempt to analyse women empowerment in India by looking into the laws and schemes of the Government of India for addressing the violence against them. The study reveals that the women of India are relatively disempowered and gender gap still exists in spite of the various efforts undertaken by the Government. This paper further discusses the impact of education on empowerment of women and how it can bring about a positive change in the attitude of people. The study concludes by observing that access to education is just an enabling factor to empowerment but to achieve the goal, depends largely on the change in the attitude of both men and women towards women.

Crime against women in India: A geographical appraisal

Crimes against women are one of India's most serious social issues. Women's status in traditional Indian society is appalling in the twenty-first century. Despite the existence of numerous laws and penalties, rape, murder, dowry deaths, human trafficking, kidnapping, and abductions against women are on the rise. In 2021, the rates of lifelong physical or sexual intimate partner violence and child marriage were 28.8 percent and 27.3 percent, respectively. India’s global gender gap index is 0.63, which leads the country to rank 140th out of 156 countries. Every sixteen minutes, a woman in India is raped, and every four minutes, a woman is abused by her in-laws. The current study seeks to investigate the six major types of crimes against women, including "dowry death," "cruelty by husband or his relatives," "kidnapping and abduction of women," "human trafficking," "rape," and "assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty." The study also analyses the spatio-temporal variations and trends of these types of crimes based on the data provided by the National Crime Records Bureau from the years 2014 to 2019. Basic statistical techniques such as percentage, average, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, and z-score are used to analyse the data.

Climate Disasters, Mass Violence, and Human Mobility in South Sudan: Through a Gender Lens

This article examines the links between gender, mass violence, climate change, and displacement in South Sudan. I argue for risk-informed gender-sensitive strategies that incorporate local capacities and sources of resilience. When civil war engulfed South Sudan again in 2013, egregious human rights violations, including sexual and gender-based violence, were perpetrated with near complete impunity. As the national army was divided along Dinka-Nuer ethnic lines, soldiers from each faction turned against each other in a deadly pattern of revenge and counter-revenge attacks that soon spread across the national territory. Inter-communal conflicts also intensified, often centering on competition over land for pasture, cattle raiding, and the abduction of women and children. Additionally, environmental challenges, including both droughts and severe flooding, as well as locust swarms, have resulted in widespread crop loss and property damage. Famine was declared in 2017, with current conditions classified as widespread acute food insecurity and acute malnutrition. The intersection of these multiple crises has displaced nearly 4 million people. Despite these seemingly insurmountable challenges, South Sudanese women have made significant strides in their push for inclusion in national peace processes.

Архетипы традиционной культуры в XXI веке

The article deals with the archetypes of traditional nomadic culture in Kazakhstan that were abolished in the Soviet period as remnants of the tribal system. However, polygamy and abduction of women in order to force them into marriage occur quite often nowadays. The author examined the transformation of the legal status of women in Kazakhstan in the XX – early XXI centuries. The research focused on the Soviet transformations of traditional family and marriage institutions in Kazakhstan, which were caused by the radical change in social relations, state power, and nomadic lifestyle. The author analyzed criminal statistics on offenses against the rights and freedoms of women and compared the current situation with abductions of women and polygamy in neighboring post-Soviet states. The research objective was to find out the motives behind the revival of the archetypes of traditional culture, as well as the latency of committed offenses related to the use of Kazakh customary law and Sharia. The methodology was based on legal comparative studies, i.e., diachronization and synchronization of legal phenomena and processes. The diachronic method made it possible to compare the traditions of bride kidnapping and polygamy in Kazakhstan in different historical periods. The legal-dogmatic method was used to analyze the customs, norms of Islam, pre-revolutionary imperial law, Soviet and post-Soviet legislation, etc.

An Evaluation of the Legal Framework for Redressing Sexual Violence in the Boko Haram Insurgency in Nigeria: Challenges and the Way Forward

Sexual violence is one of the human rights violations characterising the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria. These violations include rape, sexual slavery and the abduction of women and girls by members of the insurgent group. Unfortunately, the emphasis has always been on the provision of humanitarian aid rather than redressing these violations. This article argues that although there are laws in place regulating sexual violence in Nigeria, these laws are inadequate in providing redress for the victims. Besides, the laws are rarely implemented to ensure a system of justice for victims, given the patriarchal and cultural antecedents of Nigeria. It is against this background that the article evaluates the legal framework for redressing sexual violence in the Boko Haram insurgency in Nigeria with a view to revealing the gap that exists therein. To achieve this aim, the article defines sexual violence and instances of such in the Boko Haram context. It also examines the legal framework for redressing sexual violence in Nigeria and the limitations of these laws in that regard. The article further considers the concept of redress and what it entails. Although the article adopts a legal approach, it is concluded that this approach is inadequate in addressing the issue at stake and that, in addition, a resort to extra-legal or other radical measures is needed. To address this challenge, the article among other things, recommends the eradication of cultural practices and negative values encouraging sexual violence; stipulation of a timeframe within which cases of sexual violence must be redressed; the appointment of an independent monitoring body to ensure the implementation of constitutional provisions in that regard; judicial independence; and advocacy by both civil society organisations and the media as tools to compel the relevant authorities to fulfil their responsibility to protect victims of sexual violence. This, it is submitted, will go a long way to address the vulnerability of Nigerian women and girls faced with sexual violence by insurgent groups.

Правові та інституційні засади Спеціального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне

В умовах глобалізації та інтеграції важливе значення у сфері протидії міжнародним злочинам, що викликають стурбованість усієї міжнародної спільноти, відіграють відповідні міжнародні судові органи, які діють, як правило, у тому випадку, якщо внутрішньодержавні органи кримінального правосуддя не бажають чи не в змозі вирішити питання щодо притягнення винних осіб до кримінальної відповідальності. Це може відбуватися особливо в умовах збройних конфліктів, під час яких можуть вчинятися такі міжнародні злочини, як геноцид, злочини проти людяності, серйозні порушення міжнародного гуманітарного права та інші воєнні злочини. У зв’язку з цим дослідження правових та інституційних основ утворення та діяльності міжнародних кримінальних судів, зокрема Специального суду по Сьерра-Леоне, має великий науковий та практичний інтерес.
 Метою статті є визначення правових та інституційних засад утворення та діяльності Специального суду по Сьерра-Леоне, його правового статусу та юрисдикції. Здійснення аналізу судової практики цього Суду та її впливу на подальший розвиток міжнародного кримінального права та нанальних правових систем.
 Наукова новизна результатів дослідження полягає в тому, що вперше у вітчизняній юридичній літературі обґрунтовано наукові погляди щодо необхідності комплексного дослідження правових та інституційних засад діяльності Специального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне. Доведено, що особливості міжнародно-правового статусу та юрисдикції цього Суду були обумовлені необхідністю боротьби із міжнародною злочинністю в умовах існування збройного конфлікту та проведення міжнародної миротворчої операції на території Республіки Сьєрра-Леоне, участь в якій брала і Україна. Вперше досліджено, що незважаючи на наявність в структурі цього Суду національного компоненту, Суд є міжнародним судом. Визначено вирішальну роль Організації Об’єднаних Націй у припиненні збройного конфлікту на території Сьєрра-Леоне, утворенні разом із Республікою Сьєрра-Леоне та іншими державами правових та інституційних засад діяльності Специального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне. Визначено інституційні засади діяльності цього Суду та проаналізовано діяльність таких його органів, як: а) камери (Судові камери та Апеляційна камера); б) Обвинувач; та с) Секретаріат. Досліджено юрисдикцію та судову практику Спеціального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне, зокрема щодо притягнення до відповідальності за вчинення таких злочинів проти людяності, як: викрадення та використання дітей в активних воєнних діях; викрадення жінок та примус їх до шлюбу, поневолення жінок у сексуальне рабство тощо. Досліджено особливості судового процесу Суду, правило non bis in idem щодо повторного притягнення осіб до кримінальної відповідальності, а також питання амністії.
 У висновку зазначається, що у процесі розвитку правових та інституційних засад діяльності міжнародних кримінальних судів у сфері боротьби із найсерйознішими злочинами, що викликають стурбованість усього міжнародного співтовариства, вкрай важливим є ефективне використання як міжнародного, так і національного компонентів системи міжнародного кримінального правосуддя, що простежується у діяльності Спеціального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне. Практика діяльності Спеціального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне засвідчує високу ефективність діяльності міжнародних кримінальних судових органів та сприяє подальшому розвитку міжнародного кримінального права. Концентрація зусиль науковців на дослідженні правових та інституційних засад діяльності міжнародних кримінальних судів, зокрема Спеціального суду по Сьєрра-Леоне, сприятиме підвищенню ефективності боротьби із міжнародними злочинами.

Matrimony in Venice during Late Renaissance Era in light of judicial institutions

The subject of this research is the several government institutions of Venice during the Late Renaissance Era that dealt with questions of matrimonial relations. Marriage played not only a crucial social role, but was also considered a church, which contributed to salvation of the faithful. Therefore, the questions of the validity of marriage or claims for separation of the spouses were considered by the Church court alone. The government institutions dealt with for offences against marriage, observed the execution of laws regarding the property of spouses, resolved custody issues of the minors, and prevented inappropriate behavior between the spouses. Special attention is given to the judicial institutions of Venice in from the perspective of their activity on matrimony. The article employs descriptive method, complemented by comparative historical analysis of the political and religious institutions of that time. The author's special contribution consists in the analysis of cases, such as the abduction of women or a breach of promise, which were interpreted differently by the religious and secular courts. As a result, in the late XVI – early XVII century, the secular administration gained prevalence in these questions.

The Armenian Genocide and Survival Narratives of Children

This paper provides an account of the survival strategies of Armenian children during the genocide and its aftermath with an approach that resists victimizing them. Available literature on the Armenian genocide is denser on issues of death and suffering than on survival and resilience. Recent research on the conversion to Islam, child adoption/fosterage, and abduction of women and children is more interested in survivors and survival, but does not necessarily take into account Armenian actors’ agency. Constructing the history from children’s point of view, one notes that Armenian children were not only victims. They had strategies of endurance and resistance. In their struggle to survive, Armenian children took initiative, made personal decisions, manipulated circumstances, and thus became active agents. Dwelling upon survivor testimonies in different forms (oral histories, memoirs, diaries), my research brings into light the resilience and self-confidence of children in their self-portrayals. Through playing games, getting into different sorts of adventures, building friendships, children tried to cope with the death and loss of loved ones, along with holding onto life. Heroic adventure narratives determined how they made sense of their survival.

The Study of Human Rights Situation in Iraq During Saddam Hussein Era

Human rights are one of the most important issues in Contemporary International Low, that there is a great sensitiveness for the implementation of them. In many countries, some institutes & committees have been considered to follow up the issue or even a ministry as the ministry of human rights has been established. The present paper was discussed the human rights violations in Iraq on Saddam Hussein`s behalf, the current ruler and so, followed the response of the question that “how had been the situation of human rights during the governorship of Saddam Hussein in Iraq?”. The research method was descriptive-analytic. The method of collection is documentary & library information and the methods of analyzing information are describing, analyzing, and also using documents. The results of this study showed that some human rights violation cases have been seen in the government of Saddam Hussein in Iraq such as the pillage of state, forced displacement of Feyli Kurds from Iraq & the killing of them, killing women and children, abduction of women and children, the involvement of people in different wars, lack of social participation of women, economic sanctions, the use of chemical weapons.

Abduction of Women in Early Modern Russia: Modernizing the Empire

The abduction of women is closely connected with traditional or primitive societies. Anthropologists tie it with alternative marriage arrangements, characteristic of those systems where marriages are arranged by parents; historians tend to view the abduction of women as part of early history of developed nations, mostly the Middle Ages. In Russia, recent historiographical discussion of abductions always starts with descriptions of customary practices in Siberia to highlight the steppe and frontier experiences in the framework of colonization and underline ‘savage’ or ‘backwardness’ of Siberian populations. However, scholars almost never talk about the abduction of women within the European part. In this article, female abductions are analyzed within the framework of citizenship and modernization of the Russian Empire in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. It focuses on the notion of consent and how it contributed to the founding of a new social unit, that is the family, in which women and men acquired their rights and duties in relation to outside society and wider polity. The lack of consent jeopardized the legitimacy of such a union and compromized the citizenship status of its members. On its way to build the country as a modern empire, Russian authorities localized the abduction of women as a ‘customary’ practice of ‘backwards’ people to preserve the modern European core of the Empire.

The Abduction of Women and the Colonization Movement in the Ancient Mediterranean Region

The Abduction of Women and the Colonization Movement in the Ancient Mediterranean Region

Women for cows: An analysis of abductions of women in South Sudan

abstractThe abductions of women have historically been a part of cattleraiding in South Sudan. Recently the abduction of women has been extensively used as a tool of war. Since 2009, thousands of women have been abducted in Jonglei state in retaliatory attacks in the conflict between the Lou Nuer and Murle communities. Killing and violence aimed at women in the conflict has increased to a point where it could be said to have become normalised practice where women are considered legitimate spoils of war, along with livestock and other chattel. This Profile explores the motivation for and consequences of abductions of women by male cattle-camp youth during violent cattleraids. It uses feminist theory to argue that abductions, sexual slavery, and sexual violence in the current conflict are a result of underlying patriarchal structures that value women solely for their reproductive capabilities and linked to this their role in commanding value for the procurement of cattle. The Profile is based on qualitative research, specifically interviews conducted in South Sudan with stakeholders to investigate the reasons for the abduction of women and interventions that have sought to address the abductions.

Seabourne, Gwen, Imprisoning Medieval Women. The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170–1509

Seabourne, Gwen, Imprisoning Medieval Women. The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170–1509

Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170-1509 by Gwen Seabourne (review)

Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170-1509 by Gwen Seabourne (review)

Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170-1509

Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-Judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170-1509

Gwen Seabourne. Imprisoning Medieval Women: The Non-judicial Confinement and Abduction of Women in England, c. 1170–1509. Farnham: Ashgate, 2011. Pp. 238. $124.95 (cloth).

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The Invention of a Theology of Abduction: Hincmar of Rheims on Raptus

‘Raptus’, the abduction of women in order to marry them, was seen as a serious problem in Carolingian Francia. This article examines the only Frankish text that provides a theological justification for condemning raptus, Hincmar of Rheims's De coercendo et exstirpando raptu viduarum, puellarum ac sanctimonialium. It shows the difficulties that Hincmar found in providing a coherent theological argument against a practice normally condemned for its social and familial disruption. In particular, it suggests that Hincmar was worried that laymen, who had been encouraged by Carolingian reformers to study the Bible, might use Old Testament precedents to justify raptus.

Female Criminal Victimization and Criminal Justice Response in China

Growing attention has been paid to female victimization around the world in recent decades. This study examines sexual assault against women, its legal definition and criminal punishment in transitional China. Four forms of sexual assault, including rape, abduction of women, sexual assault and forcing women into prostitution in China, are discussed. Employing criminal court cases spanning ten years from 1992 to 2002, this study further constructs offender and offence profiles and their respective legal punishment in China. Theoretical and practical implications of this comparative research are discussed.