Repair Of Abdominal Wall Defects Research Articles

Hasfali sérvek laparoscopos műtéti technikája

Repair of abdominal wall defects is a challenge for all general surgeons and a variety of methods have been described in the past. Traditionally, primary suture repair was shown to have a high recurrence rate in long-term follow-up studies. Herniorrhaphies that apply a large prosthetic mesh are appear to have a lower failure rate, but extensive dissection of soft tissue contributes to an increased incidence of wound infections and wound-related complications. The method of laparoscopic incisional hernia repair was developed in the early 1990s. This technique is based on the same physical and surgical principles as the open underlay procedure. The laparoscopic intraperitoneal onlay mesh (IPOM) technique and mesh materials were developed further in subsequent years, and there have been numerous reports on successful use of the IPOM technique even for extremely large hernia openings in obese and elderly patients. Reduced surgical trauma and lower infection and recurrence rates are key advantages of the minimally invasive repair. Therefore, this operation has increased in popularity promising shorter hospital stay, improved outcome, and fewer complications than traditional open procedures.

Estudo das telas cirúrgicas de polipropileno/poliglecaprone e de polipropileno/polidioxanona/celulose oxidada regenerada na cicatrização de defeito produzido na parede abdominal de ratos

RACIONAL: O uso de telas cirúrgicas para a correção de defeitos da parede abdominal vem ocupando cada vez mais espaço nas operações no mundo todo. OBJETIVO: Estudar duas telas cirúrgicas distintas (Proceed® e Ultrapro®) na cicatrização de defeito produzido em parede abdominal de ratos avaliando-se macroscopia, tensiometria e microscopia. MÉTODO: A amostra foi constituída por 32 ratos Wistar, divididos em dois grupos de 16 animais e quatro subgrupos de oito, submetidos à eutanásia com 15 dias e 30 dias para avaliação. As variáveis macroscópicas foram: presença de hematoma nos bordos da sutura da tela cirúrgica na parede abdominal, união entre a tela e a borda da ferida, presença de infecção no sítio cirúrgico, presença de fístulas de vísceras com a tela cirúrgica, presença de aderências dentro da cavidade abdominal e presença de hérnia incisional. Na microscopia avaliaram-se as fases do processo inflamatório da cicatrização, e na tensiometria a força tênsil necessária para ruptura do material. RESULTADOS: A união entre a tela cirúrgica e a borda da ferida foi melhor no subgrupo Ultrapro 15 dias que no Proceed 15 dias; com 30 dias foi igual nos dois subgrupos. Não houve diferença significativa quanto às demais variáveis da macroscopia. Os dois grupos nos dois momentos tiveram a mesma proporção de casos com processo inflamatório crônico, mas houve maior escore de inflamação do Ultrapro 15 dias que do Ultrapro 30 dias. O subgrupo Ultrapro 15 dias mostrou força de ruptura maior que o subgrupo Proceed 15 dias, mas em 30 dias não houve diferença. Ultrapro mostrou força de ruptura igual para os dois momentos, mas Proceed 30 dias mostrou força de ruptura maior que Proceed 15 dias. CONCLUSÃO: As telas são semelhantes nas variáveis analisadas.

Escolha do material da tela para disposição intra-peritoneal na correção cirúrgica de defeitos herniários da parede abdominal

INTRODUÇÃO: O uso de telas para a correção cirúrgica de defeito herniários da parede abdominal contribuiu para a acentuada redução dos índices de recidiva das hérnias. Contudo, o seu uso intra-abdominal cursa com a formação de aderências e diversas complicações, dentre elas a obstrução intestinal. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados, nos bancos de dados PubMed e Medline, 27 artigos científicos atualizados e com informações relevantes à respeito das propriedades mais importantes das telas (material, diâmetro dos poros, estrutura tridimensional e peso molecular) para colocação intra-abdominal, evitando-se a formação de aderências e recidiva da hérnia. CONCLUSÃO: Atualmente as telas de dupla-composição são as mais indicadas para uso intra-peritoneal. Estas têm uma face composta por um material (preferencialmente macro poroso e reticular) que fica em contato com a musculatura e tem o objetivo de manter a resistência tênsil da parede abdominal. A outra face, composta por outro tipo de material (preferencialmente micro poroso e laminar), deve ficar em contato com os órgãos intra-abdominais, porém sem induzir a formação de aderências

The extraperitoneal prosthetic repair of abdominal wall defects in the elderly

Background One of the most debated topics in the surgery of the abdominal wall hernias is the type and location of the prosthesis and even the employment of prosthetic materials for some authors is an object of discussion [1,2]. The aim of this work is to present the experience of a specialized center in abdominal wall surgery, showing the results of open extraperitoneal prosthetic repair of the abdominal wall defects in the elderly.

Long-Term Follow-Up of Abdominal Wall Reconstruction after Planned Ventral Hernia: A 15-Year Experience

Although damage control strategies and the open abdomen have improved survival, they present their own unique set of challenges in caring for the multiply injured trauma patient. We previously reported the technique of staged abdominal wall closure for the management of the open abdomen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of various techniques of abdominal wall reconstruction (final stage of management) on long-term outcomes after planned ventral hernia, and to better define risk factors for recurrence. Patients undergoing abdominal wall reconstruction over a 15-year period were identified and stratified by gender, age, severity of shock, injury severity, and method of repair: secondary fascial closure +/- prosthetic, standard components separation (SCS) +/- prosthetic and modified components separation (MCS) +/- prosthetic. Long-term outcomes (recurrence) were determined using hospital records, telephone interview, and physical examination. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors of recurrence. One hundred fifty-two patients were identified. Fourteen (9%) patients underwent secondary fascial closure +/- prosthetic, 47 (31%) underwent SCS +/- prosthetic, and 91 (60%) underwent MCS +/- prosthetic. Long-term follow-up (up to 14.6 years, mean 5.3 years) was obtained in 114 (75%) patients. Sixteen patients (14%) had a recurrence. Prosthetic use increased recurrence 4-fold. There were 2 known recurrences (5%) in patients with MCS without prosthetic. Logistic regression identified both female gender and body mass index as independent predictors of recurrence. The MCS technique is the procedure of choice for repair of giant abdominal wall defects. This approach can avoid the need for prosthetics. In fact, MCS without prosthetic resulted in an acceptably low hernia recurrence rate (5%).

Comparison of Surgisis, AlloDerm, and Vicryl Woven Mesh Grafts for Abdominal Wall Defect Repair in an Animal Model

Comparison of Surgisis, AlloDerm, and Vicryl Woven Mesh Grafts for Abdominal Wall Defect Repair in an Animal Model

Tissue engineering approach to repair abdominal wall defects using cell-seeded bovine tunica vaginalis in a rabbit model

The aim of this study was to engineer skeletal muscle tissue for repair abdominal wall defects. Myoblast were seeded onto the scaffolds and cultivated in vitro for 5 days. Full thickness abdominal wall defects (3 x 4 cm) were created in 18 male New Zealand white rabbits and randomly divided into two equal groups. The defects of the first group were repaired with myoblast-seeded-bovine tunica vaginalis whereas the second group repaired with non-seeded-bovine tunica vaginalis and function as a control. Three animals were sacrificed at 7th, 14th, and 30th days of post-implantation from each group and the explanted specimens were subjected to macroscopic and microscopic analysis. In every case, seeded scaffolds have better deposition of newly formed collagen with neo-vascularisation than control group. Interestingly, multinucleated myotubes and myofibers were only detected in cell-seeded group. This study demonstrated that myoblast-seeded-bovine tunica vaginalis can be used as an effective scaffold to repair severe and large abdominal wall defects with regeneration of skeletal muscle tissue.

Comparision of PermacolTM and StratticeTM Biologic Mesh for the Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects

Comparision of PermacolTM and StratticeTM Biologic Mesh for the Repair of Abdominal Wall Defects

Management of Complex Abdominal Wall Defects Using Acellular Porcine Dermal Collagen

Multiple techniques have been used for the repair of complex abdominal wall defects after recurrent incisional hernias with varying rates of success. Primary repair has been associated with high recurrence rates, and prosthetic mesh placement is contraindicated in contaminated surgical fields. The development of biologic prostheses has changed the approach to these difficult problems. This study evaluates the management of complex abdominal wall defects using acellular porcine dermal collagen. Between August 2006 and May 2007, 18 patients underwent abdominal wall reconstruction for complex defects with acellular porcine dermal collagen (CollaMend; Bard Inc., Warwick, RI). Patient demographics, preoperative risk factors, previous herniorrhaphy attempts, postoperative complications, recurrences, and long-term results were retrospectively reviewed. Records were reviewed at a mean follow up of 7.3 months; the recurrence rate was 44.4 per cent. A total of 38.9 per cent (seven of 18) developed a postoperative wound complications, including infection in 22.2 per cent (four of 18). All of the patients with infection required prosthesis removal as a result of encapsulation rather than incorporation of the biologic prosthesis. Acellular porcine dermal collagen has the potential for reconstruction of abdominal wall defects with postoperative wound occurrences comparable with other biologic materials. Encapsulation of the material was a major problem in cases with wound infection that required graft removal rather than local wound measures. Hernia recurrence and dehiscence of the graft were problems in noncompromised surgical fields.

Repair of abdominal wall defect by NormalGEN (ACTM) in rat models

Objective To investigate the feasibility and advantages of NormalGEN (ACTM) for abdominal wall repair in rat models compared to polyester surgical patch. Methods NonnalGEN and polyester surgical patch were used to repair the defect in 12 pairs of rats with abdominal wall defect. These 12 pairs,divided into 3 groups were killed alternately on the 2nd,8th and 16th week. The healing of their abdominal wall defects were then analyzed by comparing the rate of wound infection, the complete healing time,the thickness of the healing tissue and pathological changes under the microscopy. Results There was no mortality in the rats which had their defect repaired by NonnalGEN. In polyester surgical patch group,two rats died of infection, and 10 rats were healed up at the end. Conclusion NonnalGEN has a higher bio-compatibility to repair abdominal wall defects compared to polyester surgical patch. Key words: ] Abdominal wall defect; Gastroschisis; Omphalocele; Tissue engineering

Comparison of Surgisis®, AlloDerm®, and Vicryl Woven Mesh® Grafts for Abdominal Wall Defect Repair in an Animal Model

Surgisis and AlloDerm, two biosynthetic materials, have been previously used with success in abdominal wall repairs in the setting of contaminated fields. Historically, Vicryl Woven Mesh, a synthetic material, has also been used in such settings as a temporary bridge for abdominal wall reconstruction. This study compares Surgisis and AlloDerm with Vicryl Woven Mesh with respect to tensile strength, collagen remodeling, and neovascularization using a rat hernia model. A prospective randomized trial of 54 Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the Surgisis, AlloDerm, or Vicryl Woven Mesh group with baseline, 30-day, and 60-day end points. A 1.5-cm x 5.0-cm defect was created in the right abdominis rectus muscle and repaired with an underlay bridge graft using the different treatment materials. Tensile strength was measured using an Instron tensiometer. Histologic specimens were evaluated for neovascularization, collagen deposition, and collagen organization at the 30- and 60-day time points. Surgisis had significantly greater tensile strength compared to Vicryl Woven Mesh at the baseline time point (0.142 vs. 0.091 MPa, p < 0.05). There were no differences between groups tensile strength at 30 or 60 days postoperatively. The Vicryl Woven Mesh and AlloDerm groups showed increases in tensile strength at 30 days postoperatively versus baseline (p < 0.05). Vicryl Woven Mesh, Surgisis, and AlloDerm all showed increases in tensile strength at 60 days postoperatively compared to 30 days postoperatively and at baseline (p < 0.05). Surgisis and AlloDerm had significantly greater (p < 0.05) amounts of collagen deposition and organization at 30 and 60 days compared to Vicryl Woven Mesh. There was no significant difference between AlloDerm and Surgisis with respect to collagen deposition and organization. Surgisis and AlloDerm showed a significantly greater amount (p < 0.05) of neovascularization than Vicryl Woven Mesh at both time points. In addition, Surgisis had a significantly greater amount (p < 0.05) of neovascularization than AlloDerm at both 30 and 60 days. Surgisis has increased baseline tensile strength compared to Vicryl Woven Mesh. Tensile strength in Vicryl Woven Mesh is equal to biosynthetic grafts after tissue incorporation. Biosynthetic grafts showed superior collagen deposition and organization. Surgisis mesh showed increased neovascularization over both AlloDerm and Vicryl Woven Mesh.

Evaluation of healing prosthetic materials polyester mesh resorbable film and collagen elastin matrix /polypropylene used in rabbits abdominal wall defects

To compare polyester with absorbable layer prosthesis with collagen-elastin/polypropylene prosthesis in the repair of abdominal wall defects. The 16 studied rabbits were divided in groups A and B (euthanized on the 30th and 60th days, after the implant of the mesh). The animals underwent laparotomy and received a 2 cm wall 'defect' on each side of the Alba linea. The repair was made with the suture of a polyester mesh with absorbable film on the left side of the Alba Linea and with collagen-elastin/polypropylene mesh on the right side. Adherences were classified according to Nair Score and microscopic evaluation observing types I and III collagen formation and other immunohistochemical analyses. There were no significant differences in adhesion formation. The collagen type I showed higher deposition in polyester with absorbable layer. In group B, the difference between the meshes was significant, with higher collagen III deposition in polyester with absorbable layer (60 masculine P.O.). About the metalloproteinases, the presence of MMP -1 and MMP-8 were about the same; the expression of MMP-13 increased near to the 60th day. There is no significant difference between the two meshes in adhesion formation and immunohistochemical evaluation. The polyester mesh resorbable film presented a higher deposition of collagen.

Erratum to: Immediate Repair of Major Abdominal Wall Defect After Extensive Tumor Excision in Patients With Abdominal Wall Neoplasm: A Retrospective Review of 27 Cases

Erratum to: Immediate Repair of Major Abdominal Wall Defect After Extensive Tumor Excision in Patients With Abdominal Wall Neoplasm: A Retrospective Review of 27 Cases

Repair of abdominal wall defects with bovine pericardium

Background Ventral hernia repair with prosthetic mesh has recurrence rates up to 54% and is contraindicated in the setting of infection. The aim of this study was to provide our experience with acellular bovine pericardium (Veritas collagen matrix; Synovis Life Technologies, Inc., St. Paul, MN) in complex abdominal wall reconstruction where prosthetic mesh had failed or was contraindicated. Between 2005 and 2008, a retrospective review of a single general surgeon's practice identified patients reconstructed with acellular bovine pericardium. Thirty primary or recurrent ventral hernias were treated in 26 patients. All patients presented with either contaminated wounds or failure of a prosthetic mesh material. Results Hernia size ranged from 20 cm 2 to 600 cm 2 (mean 111 cm 2). Seven patients had previous hernia repair with prosthetic mesh, and 16 patients had ongoing infection or gross contamination at the time of repair. The mean follow-up was 22 months. The hernia recurrence rate in our series was 19% with no fistula development. Conclusions Acellular bovine pericardium's high strength, minimal infection rate, and low cost allow its use in the reconstruction of complex abdominal wall defects.

Radical palliative surgery: new limits to pursue

This case report describes the radical subtotal palliative resection of a massive recurrent desmoid tumor encompassing the abdomen, pelvis, and groin in a child who was 13 years old at the time of initial resection. Given the extensive distribution of the tumor en bloc resection, which is the standard treatment of desmoid tumors, would have meant performing a hemipelvectomy and repair of a large abdominal wall defect, likely with skin grafts and mesh. The patient’s personal goals however were to alleviate the pain and limited mobility that would allow her to re-attend high school and appear normal to her peers. Therefore, palliative surgery was pursued and currently the patient is 5 years out from her last surgery doing well. We believe that the option of surgical palliation in this case was warranted and should be an option for similar cases in the future.

Enxerto homólogo congelado de diafragma na correção dos defeitos da parede abdominal de ratos

To analyse the morphology and biomechanics of diaphragma frozen homografts used for rats' abdominal wall defects repair. Thirty wistar rats with abdominal wall resection and reconstruction using frozen diaphragma homografts were compared to twenty other rats submitted to abdominal wall incision and closure (control). Animals were euthanized after 3 and 6 months and abdominal walls were avaliated histologically with H/E and Picrosiriud Red staining and tensiometric evaluation. The tensiometric parameters were greater in the experimental group at 3 months after surgery. The percentage of mature collagen was significantly greater at 6 months after surgery in control and experimental groups. Tensiometric parameters and type I collagen as well maturation collagen index and rupture maximal strength were statistically correlated after 3 and 6 months. Frozen diaphragma homograft can be an alternative to repair the defects of abdominal wall.

Immediate Repair of Major Abdominal Wall Defect After Extensive Tumor Excision in Patients With Abdominal Wall Neoplasm: A Prospective Review of 27 Cases

The treatment of abdominal wall neoplasm continues to present a challenging problem because it is not easy to repair the giant defect which is resulted from extensive tumor excision. Some techniques and materials have been reported, but most report a certain technique or material for abdominal wall reconstruction. Therefore, we retrospectively reviewed the treatment of such patients in our department and assessed the reconstruction algorithm in such a situation. We studied 27 patients undergoing immediate abdominal wall reconstruction between 1999 and 2008 who sought care for major defects after extensive tumor excision of malignancy. We categorized the defects into three types: type I, defects involving only the loss of skin (15 cases); type II, myofascial defects with intact skin coverage (6 cases); and type III, myofascial defects without skin coverage (6 cases). Different techniques and materials were used. Postoperative morbidities, sign of herniation, and other follow-up data were recorded. The immediate abdominal wall reconstruction was successful in all patients. There was no severe morbidity after the operation. Only one patient developed hernia. Most type I defects can be corrected with primary suture. For type II defects, a prosthetic or biological mesh, or alternatively an autologous fascial substitute, may be used. For type III defects, the resulting full-thickness defect will require a myocutaneous flap, such as the tensor fascia lata flap, with or without a mesh for abdominal wall reconstruction. Human acellular dermal matrix, a biological mesh, is an ideal alternative for synthetic mesh, especially in situations of infection or contamination.

How safe is the use of prosthetic materials in the repair of abdominal-wall defects in malnourished subjects?

AbstractIncisional hernias and abdominal-wall defects consume large amounts of healthcare resources. Use of mesh is effective in treatment of these disorders and can decrease the rate of recurrence. This experimental study focused on the safety of mesh use in the setting of malnutrition, a condition that impairs wound healing. Rats were divided into two groups: normally fed and food-restricted. An abdominal-wall defect, 2 by 2 cm, was covered with polypropylene mesh, 2.5 by 2.5 cm. After sacrifice of the rats at the 21st and 60th days, tissue samples were sent for tensiometric and histopathological studies. No significant difference in infectious complications was observed between the two groups. Tensiometry revealed no significant differences between the groups. On histopathological examination, the only difference noted was in the vascularization scores of normally fed rats. For malnourished subjects that survived after surgery, the use of polypropylene mesh appeared safe in the closure of abdominal-wall defects, with no increase in infection rate and satisfactory wound healing.

Repair of Complex Abdominal Wall Defects From High-Voltage Electric Injury With Two Layers of Acellular Dermal Matrix: A Case Report

High-voltage electric burn causing full-thickness necrosis of the abdominal wall and exposure of visceral organs is a real clinical challenge. This article reports a case of high-voltage electric burn causing a giant full-thickness abdominal wall defect. Seeing that it was unable to repair the abdominal wall defect with the conventional method, we used two layers of allogenic acellular dermal matrix substitutes to reconstruct and repair the defected abdominal wall. A 1-year follow-up showed that the abdominal wall of the patient recovered strong tenacity and strength without the evidence of significant complications.

Hydrated vs. freeze-dried human acellular dermal matrix for hernia repair: a comparison in a rabbit model

Abdominal wall hernias commonly occur following laparotomy. Biologic grafts are used to treat these hernias due to their biocompatibility and their ability to serve as a matrix for tissue regeneration and remodeling. Freeze-dried human acellular dermal matrices (F-HADMs) have been shown to be effective in abdominal wall defect repair. Hydrated human acellular dermal matrices (H-HADMs) have not been previously evaluated. This study evaluates H-HADM and F-HADM in the repair of abdominal wall hernias in the rabbit. Thirty-six 3-4-kg New Zealand white rabbits underwent laparotomy with the creation of a hernia. After defect reperitonealization, the animals underwent hernia repair with H-HADM, F-HADM, or primary repair. Within each group, four animals were survived for 4, 8, and 20 weeks. The outcomes evaluated included recurrences, adhesions, histology, immunohistochemistry, and tensiometry. Thirty-five animals underwent abdominal wall hernia repair. One animal in the F-HADM group developed a recurrent hernia. No significant difference was demonstrated in adhesion scores between the H-HADM (0.75) and F-HADM (0.83) groups. Tensiometry demonstrated no differences in the forces required to disrupt the graft from the native fascia between H-HADM and F-HADM at any time point. H-HADM demonstrated fewer white blood cells (WBC) and eosinophils (EOS) per high-powered field (hpf) than F-HADM at 4 weeks (144 WBC/hpf vs. 534 WBC/hpf, P < 0.05; 87 EOS/hpf vs. 304 EOS/hpf, P < 0.05) and 8 weeks (104 WBC/hpf vs. 314 WBC/hpf, P < 0.05; 41 EOS/hpf vs. 149 EOS/hpf, P < 0.05). At 20 weeks, there was no difference in WBC or EOS (134 WBC/hpf vs. 144 WBC/hpf, P = NS; 86 EOS/hpf vs. 104 EOS/hpf, P = NS). Immunohistochemistry for CD31 demonstrated no difference in vascularity at any time point. H-HADM and F-HADM demonstrate comparable results in abdominal wall hernia treatment in a rabbit model. With both grafts, the weakest area of the repair occurs at the graft and native fascia interface. Hernia repairs with H-HADM and F-HADM demonstrate similar incidences of adhesions and tensile strength characteristics. H-HADM demonstrates a reduced inflammatory response at 4 and 8 weeks compared to F-HADM. Both H-HADM and F-HADM demonstrate similar amounts of vascular ingrowth.