Sagittal Abdominal Diameter Research Articles

Clinical Relevance of Serum Klotho Concentration and Sagittal Abdominal Diameter.

Klotho is an anti-aging gene. Studies have revealed its association with insulin resistance. Visceral fat is related to insulin resistance, and the sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) can serve as a biomarker for visceral fat (VF). This study investigated the association between SAD and serum Klotho concentration (SKC). We enrolled 2301 participants from the 2011−2012 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) dataset, and 49.2% of the enrolled individuals were male. Qualified participants were separated into four quartiles according to the SAD value. SKC values were obtained by ELISA. Demographic characteristics, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure, and biochemistry parameters with significance were analyzed using multivariate linear regression models. The mean age of the study participants was 57.22 ± 10.53 years. The fully adjusted regression model showed a negative association between SAD and SKC (p < 0.05), with a β-coefficient of −12.02. We also analyzed subgroups of participants according to age and BMI. Participants with an age ≥65 and <65 years old were each negatively associated with SKC, and this association was significant for participants with a BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001, β-coefficient: −18.83). We also found a concentration-dependent relationship between SAD and SKC. In conclusion, VF and SKC are associated, and SAD can serve as a surrogate of VF and an indicator of SKC.

Evaluation of the relationship between abdominal fat distribution and osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture with MRI.

This study was carried out to investigate the effects of abdominal subcutaneous adiposity and visceral adiposity on osteoporotic compression fractures. The study group consisted of a total of 152 individuals aged 50-80years; 76 were included in the vertebral fracture group and 76 in the healthy control group, whose bone mineral density was calculated. In order to determine the distribution of abdominal fat in both groups, four different measurements, i.e., sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), abdominal diameter (AD), ventral subcutaneous thickness (VST), and dorsal subcutaneous thickness (DST), were made using lumbar magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The visceral fat ratio (VFR) was also calculated based on these measurements. There was a significant difference between the patient and control groups in VST and DST values, both when gender distribution was and was not taken into account (p < 0.006 for all cases). There was no significant difference between the patient and control groups in SAD and AS values, both when only female patients were considered, and gender distribution was not taken into account (p > 0.25 for all cases). On the other hand, in the analysis, when only male patients were considered, the SAD and AD values of the patient group were found to be significantly lower than those of the control group (p = 0.046 and p = 0.048, respectively). In conclusion, the study findings indicated that high SAD values in the male gender and high VST and DST values in both genders were associated with low lumbar vertebral fracture risk.

Body Mass Index is The Most Associated Anthropometry Indicators of Obesity with Insulin Resistance in Female College Students

Background: Dysfunction of body tissues due to excessive food consumption is often referred to obesity. Excess storage of visceral fat can develop insulin resistance. Insulin resistance is associated with cardiovascular diseases. Anthropometric measurements can illustrate the early risk of insulin resistance. The aim of this study is to identify the association between anthropometric indicators and insulin resistance.Materials and Methods: The participants in this study were 163 female students aged 19-24 years who live in Semarang. This is a cross sectional study with a purposive sampling method using the "google form". Anthropometric data that were collected in this study include weight, height, waist cirrcumference, hip, sagittal abdominal diameter. Biochemical data that were collected include blood sugar and insulin levels. The data were analyzed using Pearson Correlation test and Multiple Linear Regression test.Results: Anthropometric indicators with high risk were 72.4% for Waist to Height Ratio (WHtR); 22.1% for Waist Hip Ratio (WHR); 35.6% for Body Mass Index (BMI); 12.2% for Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD) and 55.2% for waist cirrcumference. Meanwhile, subjects with high Fasting Blood Glucose levels was 16.6%, subjects had the Conicity Index (C-Index) at risk was 74.8% and based on the Relative Fat Mass (RFM) it was 23.9% of the participants were at risk of obesity and high Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were 74.2%. Anthropometric indicators of obesity, including Conicity Index, Relative Fat Mass, WHtR, WHR, BMI, SAD, and waist and hip ratio were all positively associated with insulin resistance. Therefore, multivariate analysis showed that an increase in body mass index is an indicator that is most associated with the insulin resistance (p&lt;0,001).Conclusion: Body Mass Index is the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with insulin resistance.

Pararenalfat Tissue: Rate of Pararenal Obesity and Relation with Anthropometric Indices of Obesity

Aim. To study a rate of excessive pararenal fat tissue (PRFT) thickness and its relationship with anthropometric obesity indices.Material and methods. 372 patients (152 men and 220 women) were included in the study, the average age was 63.5±13.3 years. There were measured: height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body mass index (BMI), WC/height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), body fat percentage (BFP), body surface area (BSA), body adiposity index (BAI) and visceral obesity index (VAI). All subjects underwent abdominal multispiral computed tomography. PRFT thickness was detected on a single slice at the level of the left renal vein.Results. 27% of the examined group had BMI&lt;25 kg/m2, 28% – excessive body mass, 45% – obesity. The median PRFT thickness was 1.61 (1.03; 2.46) cm. There were correlations between PRFT thickness and glucose (r=0,64, p&lt;0,05) and uric acid (r=0,46, p&lt;0,05) levels. The threshold of referential PRFT thickness was 1,91cm. The rate of pararenal obesity was 9,9% among those with normal body mass, 29,3% in excessive body mass, 66,1% – in 1 class obesity, 67,7% – in 2 class, and 90,1% – in 3 class. The correlation analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between the PRFT thickness and obesity indices with exception of VAI and BAI: with BMI (r=0.43, p&lt;0.05), WC (r=0.57, p&lt;0.05), SAD (r=0.58, p&lt;0.05), BFP (r=0.48, p&lt;0.05), WC/height ratio (r=0.46, p&lt;0.05), and BSA (r=0.58, p&lt;0.05).Conclusion. Excessive PRFT may be detected isolated without any external anthropometric signs of obesity, wherein it is an active component of metabolic disorders typical for obesity. The most significant indices for the detection of pararenal obesity may be WC, SAD, and BSA.

A comparative study of sagittal abdominal diameter and other anthropometric indices of obesity in adults with family history of cardiovascular risk factors

Background: Obesity is evolving into a modern day epidemic in India. Visceral Adipose Tissue is the main culprit, being the metabolically active component that is responsible for the cardiovascular risk factors. The day-to-day anthropometric indices fail to take body composition and distribution into account and hence miss a chance at early detection. Family history plays an important role by serving as a genetic link in the transmission of risk factors. There is a need for vigorous screening techniques which are clinically plausible for an early diagnosis of visceral adiposity in individuals predisposed to the numerous risks caused by its accumulation. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a useful tool in measuring the visceral adipose tissue clinically and in the current study; a comparison was done between SAD and already existing anthropometric indices.Methods: The study was done on 223 subjects in Bangalore during the period of November 2015 to May 2017.Among the subjects studied, 54.7% were Male and 45.3% were female. When compared to BMI, WC and WHR, SAD correlated better with total cholesterol, fasting blood sugar, post prandial blood sugar and HbA1c.Results: The mean SAD was more in people with a combined history of DM and HTN than in individuals with history of either DM or HTN alone.Conclusions: We could conclude that Sagittal Abdominal Diameter is comparable to Body Mass Index, but it correlates better with metabolic risk profile of an individual than BMI, WC and WHR.

Sense of vitality is associated with cardiovascular events in type 2 diabetes independently of traditional risk factors and arterial stiffness.

The aim of this study was to determine if single items in the quality of life questionnaire short form 36 (SF36) were associated with cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In 756 T2DM patients (260 women) from the CARDIPP study, nine questions from the domains vitality and well-being in SF36 were analysed. Patients, 55-66 years, were recruited in 2005-2008 and followed up until 31 December 2018 for the incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), that is, myocardial infarction, stroke or cardiovascular death. Median follow-up time: 11.6 years, during which 119 (16%) MACE occurred. The SF36 items: 'seldom full of pep' (HR 1.2, 95% CI: 1.1-1.4, p=0.006), 'seldom a lot of energy' (HR 1.3, 95%CI: 1.1-1.5, p < 0.001), 'worn out' (HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0-1.4, p=0.020) and 'seldom happy' (HR 1.2, 95%CI: 1.0-1.4, p=0.012) were independent risk factors for MACE in separate models, as well as male sex, diabetes duration, HbA1c , sagittal abdominal diameter and aortic pulse wave velocity. The variables 'seldom full of pep' and 'seldom a lot of energy' remained associated with MACE when conducting separate analyses for sexes. Only 'seldom a lot of energy' remained associated with MACE when all items from SF-36 were comprised in the same model. One single question regarding energy levels from SF36 may be used as an independent risk factor for cardiovascular events in T2DM patients in primary care, for both men and women. This item may be included in future risk assessment for use in clinical practice for cardiovascular risk stratification of T2DM patients. The study was registered in clinicaltrial.gov (NCT01049737) in 14 January 2010.

Bioimpedance analysis combined with sagittal abdominal diameter for abdominal subcutaneous fat measurement.

Abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue (ASFT) is an independent predictor of mortality. This prospective observational study aimed to establish a rapid, safe, and convenient estimation equation for abdominal subcutaneous fat area (SFA) using bioimpedance analysis (BIA) combined with sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD). A total of 520 adult subjects were recruited and were randomly divided into 2/3 (n = 346) and 1/3 (n = 174) to form a modeling group (MG) and a validation group (VG), respectively. Each subject's abdomen was scanned using computed tomography to obtain target variables (SFACT). Predictor variables for all subjects included bioimpedance index (h2/Z), anthropometric parameters height (h), weight (W), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), and SAD, along with age and sex (male =1, female = 0). SFA estimation equation SFABIA+SAD was established for the MG using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Cross-validation was performed using VG to evaluate the performance of the SFABIA+SAD estimation equation. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was applied from the MG, including SFABIA+SAD = 49.89 + 1.09 SAD−29.90 Sex + 4.71 W−3.63 h2/Z−1.50 h (r = 0.92, SEE = 28.10 cm2, n = 346, p < 0.001). Mean differences in SFABIA+SAD relative to SFACT were −1.21 ± 21.53, 2.85 ± 27.16, and −0.98 ± 36.6 cm2 at different levels of obesity (eutrophic, overweight, obese), respectively. This study did not have a large number of samples in different fields, so it did not have completely external validity. Application of BIA combined with SAD in anthropometric parameters achieves fast, accurate and convenient SAF measurement. Results of this study provide a simple, reliable, and practical measurement that can be widely used in epidemiological studies and in measuring individual SFA.

Rest-Activity Rhythm Is Associated With Obesity Phenotypes: A Cross-Sectional Analysis.

BackgroundThe prevalence of obesity continues to increase in spite of substantial efforts towards its prevention, posing a major threat to health globally. Circadian disruption has been associated with a wide range of preclinical and clinical disorders, including obesity. However, whether rest-activity rhythm (RAR), an expression of the endogenous circadian rhythm, is associated with excess adiposity is poorly understood. Here we aimed to assess the association of RAR with general and abdominal obesity.MethodsNon-institutionalized adults aged ≥20 years participating in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2014 who wore accelerometers for at least four 24-hour periods were included (N=7,838). Amplitude, mesor, acrophase and pseudo-F statistic of RAR were estimated using extended cosinor model, and interdaily stability (IS) and intradaily variability (IV) were computed by nonparametric methods. We tested the association between rest-activity rhythm and general obesity defined by body mass index and abdominal obesity by waist circumference. Waist-to-height ratio, sagittal abdominal diameter, and total and trunk fat percentages measured by imaging methods were also analyzed.ResultsIn multivariable analysis, low amplitude (magnitude of the rhythm), mesor (rhythm-corrected average activity level), pseudo-F statistic (robustness of the rhythm), IS (day-to-day rhythm stability), or high IV (rhythm fragmentation) were independently associated with higher likelihood of general or abdominal obesity (all Ps<.05). Consistently, RAR metrics were similarly associated with all adiposity measures (all Ps<.01). Delayed phase of RAR (later acrophase) was only significantly related to general and abdominal obesity in women.ConclusionsAberrant RAR is independently associated with anthropometric and imaging measures of general and abdominal obesity. Longitudinal studies assessing whether RAR metrics can predict weight gain and incident obesity are warranted.

Using NIH-ADOPT Process to Characterize Adolescents with Obesity and Prediabetes

ObjectivesObesity and youth-onset type 2 diabetes (T2D) are both increasing in adolescents in the United States. To identify the behavioral, biological, psychosocial, and environmental characteristics that lead to obesity, the Accumulating Data to Optimally Predict Obesity Treatment (ADOPT) Core Measures Project, supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), recommends that these criteria are assessed in obesity research. Our objectives were to assess ADOPT criteria in our Dietary Intervention for Glucose tolerance In Teens (DIG IT), a randomized controlled trial (RCT) that involves an evaluation of health-coaching for prevention of youth-onset T2D.MethodsBoys and girls, ages 10–21 years and body mass index (BMI) > 85th percentile, were recruited into the ongoing DIG IT study. Baseline characteristics on behavior included diet and physical activity; on biology included BMI Z-scores and hemoglobin A1c (HgA1c); on psychology included emotional eating and binge eating; and on environment included parent/guardian's self-rating of their overall health; all per methods published in our protocol paper. Descriptive statistics include proportions, means and standard deviations.ResultsWe characterized baseline data on 59 participants with 61% female; age, 16.0 ± 2.8 years; BMI Z score, 2.3 ± 0.4; sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), 23 ± 5 cm; fasting glucose, 92.3 ± 7.4 mg/dL and 49% meeting the criteria of pre-diabetes. From ADOPT criteria we highlighted several factors that promote risk of obesity and T2D including 53% consuming >10% of added sugar/day; 91% consuming <3 ounces of whole grains/day; 68% having sedentariness >10 hours/day, HgA1c of 5.5 ± 0.3, 40% of parent/guardian's self-rated overall health as fair, 65% parent/guardian rating of how often child complains of limiting food portions as sometimes or often, 46% of parent/guardian rating how often child binge eats as sometimes or often.ConclusionsWithin the ADOPT criteria, in the DIG IT population of adolescents, we identified several risk factors that promote obesity and T2D. Such risk factors may be targeted in family-based intervention programs to prevent youth-onset T2D.Funding SourcesIndiana Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute (NIH, UL1TR002529), McKinley Education Foundation, Showalter Research Trust.

Anthropometry indicators that are most related to metabolic profiles in female college students

Metabolic syndrome is not a disease but is a set of several disorders and causes an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus complications. Several studies have shown that non-invasive approaches such as anthropometric measurements can be used for the early detection of metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to analyse the anthropometric indicators related to metabolic syndrome in female college students. The design of this research was cross sectional, with the number of subjects involved were as many as 163 female college students aged 19 to 24 years old. Purposive sampling was used in the sampling of this research. The independent variables in this study were the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), Body Mass Index (BMI), Sagittal Abdominal Diameter (SAD), and hip circumference. The dependent variable in this study is the metabolic syndrome component that has been converted into a metabolic syndrome score (cMetS). The analysis results showed that all anthropometric indicators, namely WHtR, BMI, SAD, waist circumference, hip circumference and WHR have a strong positive relationship with the metabolic syndrome score (p&lt;0.001). BMI was the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with the metabolic profiles, such as systolic blood pressure (p&lt;0.001), blood sugar (p&lt;0.05), and HDL (p&lt;0.001). Waist circumference was the anthropometric indicator that is most associated with triglycerides and metabolic syndrome score (p&lt;0.001). Metabolic syndrome in female college students can be identified using anthropometric measurements, one of which is BMI and WHR which are very easy to measure and efficient. BMI and WHR have the strongest relationship and can be used to detect early risk of metabolic syndrome in female college students.

Utility of a Body Shape Index Parameter in Predicting Cardiovascular Disease Risks.

Background: Anthropometric indices are used as predictors of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The most used indices are body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC); however, there are limitations regarding their validity to address different body shapes, fat and lean mass distribution. A body shape index (ABSI) has been proposed as an alternative parameter to reflect differences in body shape and potentially be more useful for predicting CVD. ABSI is calculated by ABSI = WC / (BMI2/3 • Height1/2). The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to determine the utility of ABSI as a predictor or modifiable risk factor of CVD compared to other commonly used measures in clinical practice.Methods: The sample population was from the baseline interview and health examination included in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014. Patients (n=5,924, 52% female) were aged 18-80 years (47.4 ± 18.4 years) who completed a series of questionnaires on a spectrum of health-related risks. After the interview, health technicians performed a standardized examination of the participants to collect data on weight, height, BMI, WC, and sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD). Statistical analysis was done using R Studio, version 0.99.903 (RStudio, Inc. Boston, MA). Using logistic regression, the correlation between each predictor (ABSI, BMI, WC, SAD) as a continuous variable, and CVD outcomes was evaluated with two models: a univariable model and a multivariable model. In a secondary analysis, ABSI was reclassified into categorical values based on quartiles of the NHANES dataset. Logistic regressions were again run for overall CVD and all CVD sub-categories, followed by chi-square tests for significance. For comparison, BMI categories of normal, overweight, obese, and severely obese were tested with overall CVD and all CVD subcategories as outcome measures, followed by chi-square tests for significance.Results: Approximately 10% of the sample population had at least one prior manifestation of CVD, the most common being myocardial infarction (MI) (4.0%). ABSI showed little correlation with weight, BMI, WC, and SAD (r<0.3), while BMI had a strong correlation with weight, BMI, WC, and SAD (r ≈ 0.9). In univariable logistic regression, ABSI showed the most robust associations of all predictors with overall CVD and all CVD subcategories. ABSI demonstrated stronger correlations than BMI for all CVD outcomes (except CHF in the multivariable model). This study attempted to create classifications of ABSI and compare them to the normative classifications of BMI. In this categorical analysis, ABSI was also stronger than BMI in all logistic regression analyses for CVD outcomes, except for CHF in the multivariable model. Severe obesity (BMI ≥40 kg/m2) almost doubled the odds of having CVD, while being categorized in Q2, Q3, and Q4 for ABSI increased odds by double, triple, and eight-fold, respectively.Conclusion: An ABSI parameter in the upper three quartiles increases the risk of CVD manifestations more significantly than an elevated BMI per category of overweight, obese, and severely obese, respectively. Since the categories for ABSI were created based on quartiles of a large sample size reflecting the US population, this suggests that the increased risk from an elevated ABSI is more widespread than previously understood. Thus, ABSI should be monitored more closely and managed in preventative medical care than BMI alone.

Daily Time-Restricted Feeding And Alternative Day Fasting For Weight Management: Comparative Analysis

Abstract The approach of limiting nutritional intake frequency, but without a large reduction of the amount of calories consumed, the so-called intermittent fasting, has gained growing popularity. Intermittent fasting is an umbrella term for meal timing schedules that cycle between voluntary fasting (or vastly reduced calories intake) and non-fasting over a defined period. In our study, we compared two of the most popular intermittent fasting regimens — 16/8 time-restricted feeding and 5/2 alternate day fasting. A total of 16 healthy young women (under 30 years of age) participated in the study, eight in each intermittent fasting group, for six consecutive weeks. Among anthropometric parameters, height, weight, umbilical waist circumference, sagittal abdominal diameter, and skinfold thickness were measured and body mass index and relative body fat were calculated. Differences between the initial values and the values after the six-week intermittent fasting period were calculated and compared between the two groups. We found no statistically significant difference (p &gt; 0.05) between 16/8 time-restricted feeding and 5/2 alternate day fasting regimens in differences over the six-week period for the tested parameter, including weight loss. As there were no significant differences for overall changes in parameter values in the six-week period between the two intermittent fasting regimens, we concluded that both were equally suitable for weight loss programmes.

Abdominal fat distribution and its relationship to sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and SAD-height ratio – An analytical cross-sectional study in the South Indian population

Background: The prevalence of obesity is increasing in developing countries like India. This will place a great burden on the health infrastructure of the country. Early identification and intervention are the keys to managing this important problem. Since Asians tend to have more visceral body fat for any given body mass index (BMI), lower cut-off values have been suggested for different anthropometric parameters. Studies determining the correlation of Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and SAD-height ratio (SADHtR) with total visceral fat volumes measured by computed tomography (CT) scan abdomen quantification are limited in the South Indian population. Aims and Objectives: This study was conducted with the objectives of measuring BMI, SAD, SADHtR, and comparing the correlation of the measured anthropometric parameters with visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes measured using CT scan abdomen in both the genders in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: This analytical cross-sectional study was done in a hospital setting with a sample size of 566 (276 men and 290 women-aged 30–70 years). Weight, height, and BMI were measured. SAD was measured electronically from a CT image at the L4–L5 level. SADHtR was derived. Total abdominal fat volumes, subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes, and visceral abdominal fat volumes were measured in cm3 from the dome of the liver to the pubic symphysis using software for CT-based quantification of fat volumes between −190 and −30 Hounsfield units threshold limits. The data were tabulated and analyzed to compare mean values between men and women and to find the correlation between the anthropometric parameters and visceral fat volume using Pearson’s correlation test. Results: The difference in mean values of BMI, SAD, and SADHtR between the sexes was statistically significant. SAD showed the highest correlation with visceral fat volume in both genders. BMI showed a higher correlation with subcutaneous adipose tissue volume than with visceral adipose tissue volume. Conclusion: Both SAD and SADHtR can be used as simple and reproducible anthropometric tools to identify the presence of increased visceral fat volume in both genders in our population.

A study on correlation of sagittal abdominal diameter and blood pressure

A study on correlation of sagittal abdominal diameter and blood pressure

Association of diet quality, physical activity, and abdominal obesity with metabolic syndrome z-score in black and white adolescents in the US

Background and aimsMetabolic syndrome (MetS) affects ∼10% of adolescents and is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk. The most prevalent MetS component is abdominal obesity. Healthy diet and physical activity (PA) are inversely associated with abdominal obesity and may reduce MetS risk in youth. Our aim was to examine associations of diet, activity, and abdominal obesity with MetS z-score (MetS-z). Methods and resultsAn analysis of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2016 data in adolescents was performed. Healthy Eating Index (HEI)- 2015 scores were calculated for diet quality, PA habits were used to determine alignment with national guidelines, and abdominal obesity was assessed by sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD). MetS-z represented severity or potential risk for MetS. Multivariable regression evaluated the relationships of HEI, SAD and PA with MetS-z. Among 1214 black and white adolescents, SAD was significantly associated with MetS-z [β (95% CI) = 0.17 (0.16, 0.19); P <0.0001] while HEI-2015 components showed associations with MetS-z overall (HEI total, dairy, and sodium scores), and by sex (total, refined grains, dairy for males; added sugar, protein, whole grains for females). Mean HEI-2015 score was 47.4/100 (51.6 using the population-ratio method), and the proportion of adolescents meeting national PA guidelines was 37.6%, yet PA was not a significant predictor of MetS-z. ConclusionsUS adolescents have poor diet quality and fewer than half meet PA guidelines. Strategies for preventing MetS and related conditions in adolescence should focus on weight management – specifically, abdominal fat reduction – with individualized diet counseling.

Mesenteric panniculitis: can venous anatomy and malignancy be a trigger cause?

Objectives: To investigate whether portal vein (PV), splenic vein (SV), superior mesenteric vein (SMV) diameters and portomesenteric angle (PMA) may play a role in the etiology of mesenteric panniculitis (MP). To investigate relationship between MP and malignancy. Methods: We included 70 patients with MP and 70 patients age, gender, sagittal abdominal diameter randomly matched control group, retrospectively. Results: We found slightly higher PV and SMV diameter and slightly lower SV diameter in MP patients compared with control group. But these results were not statistically significant (p1 = 0.321 and p2 = 0.147, p1 = 0.540 and p2 = 0.185, p1= 0.216 and p2 = 0.617, for two observers respectively). We found higher PMA in MP patients compared with control group but this difference is not statistically significant (p1 = 0.252 and p2 = 0.366, for two observers). Twenty three (32.9%) of 70 patients diagnosed MP have underlying malignancy while 17 (24.3%) of 70 control subject were coexisted malignancy. But this difference is not statistically significant (p = 0.262). Interobserver agreement was excellent in terms of SMV and SV diameters and PMA measurements (ICC were 0.927, 0.911 and 0.965 respectively), good for PV diameters (ICC was 0.884). Conclusions: Study results show that MP is not associated with PV, SMV and PMA. Contrary to some studies, there is no relationship between MP and malignancy.

Normal pancreatic volume assessment using abdominal computed tomography volumetry.

To determine the normal range of pancreatic volume (PV) in Chinese adults using computed tomography (CT) volumetry. To assess the relationships of PV with patient demographics and clinical parameters. To analyze the degree of correlation between PV values determined by manual segmentation and those calculated by formulas.A total of 240 adults (120 women, 120 men) between the ages of 18 and 79 years were reviewed. There were 6 groups of patients, with 40 patients in each decade regarding age. PV was segmented manually on computed tomography images slice by slice for each patient, and 2 formulas were used to calculate PV∗ and PV#.The mean PV was 77.44 ± 19.11 cm3 (range from 28.55–138.15 cm3). PV was significantly correlated with height (r = 0.427, P < .001), weight (r = 0.525, P < .001), body mass index (r = 0.377, P < .001), the width of the first lumbar vertebral body (r = 0.166, P = .01), the transverse abdominal diameter (r = 0.455, P < .001), and the sagittal abdominal diameter (r = 0.456, P < .001). There was a negative correlation between PV and age (r = –0.209, P = .001). The correlation coefficients between PV and PV∗ and PV# were 0.676 and 0.376, respectively, with both P < .001.PV associated with patient demographics and clinical parameters. A more accurate and simpler formula should be used in the future to calculate and monitor changes in PV.

Is lipid accumulation product a better cardiovascular risk predictor in elderly individuals than anthropometric measures?

IntroductionPopulation aging is associated with increased prevalence of cardiovascular diseases that have a significant impact on overall morbidity and mortality. Insulin resistance (IR) and visceral obesity are risk factors for vascular damage and cardiometabolic diseases. AimsEstimating the correlation between lipid accumulation product (LAP) and IR in elderly individuals and comparing them to traditional anthropometric indices. MethodsCross-sectional study comprising 411 individuals >60 years, who were treated in a primary care service. Body mass index (BMI), neck circumference (NC), waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), arm circumference (AC), sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were recorded. IR was estimated based on HOMA-IR (homeostasis model assessment IR index). LAPa index was calculated as [WC-65]×[triglyceride (TG)] in men, and as [WC-58]×[TG] in women, whereas LAPb was calculated by using the minimum WC values recorded for the current sample, i.e., 61.5 cm for women and 71.5 cm for men. ResultsThere was correlation among LAPa (0.506), LAPb (0.515) and HOMA-IR. LAP was better correlated to HOMA-IR and showed higher area under the curve than BMI, NC, WHR and SAD. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, LAPb≥47.40 and LAPa≥52.5 were the best cut-off values used to identify individuals with IR presenting 68.8% and 68.2% sensitivity, and 68.6% and 68.6% specificity, respectively. ConclusionLAP may be a useful and simple clinical marker to assess cardiometabolic risk factors in the elderly population treated at a primary care service.

Anthropometric Measurements and Correlations to Glucometabolic and Cardiovascular Risk in Obese Patients Undergoing Gastric Bypass Surgery.

Abdominal obesity is associated with hypertension, increased fasting glucose, HbA1c, and cholesterol. Body mass index (BMI) is frequently used to measure and define obesity and as inclusion criteria for bariatric surgery. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD) has been suggested to predict the amount of visceral fat, metabolic traits, and cardiometabolic risk superior to BMI. The aim was to test whether SAD has stronger correlations to glucometabolic traits compared to BMI. One hundred and fifty-five (108 women, 47 men) morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery were evaluated before (baseline), 6 and 12 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP). BMI was reduced from 43.7 kg/m2 (baseline) to 31.3 kg/m2 (12 months) and SAD from 32.6 to 23.2 cm (both p<0.001). SAD correlated with CRP (p=0.04), fasting glucose (p=0.008), HbA1c (p=0.016), triglycerides (p=0.017), systolic blood pressure (p=0.032), and vitamin D (p=0.027). BMI correlated with CRP (p=0.006), triglycerides (p=0.016), vitamin D (p=0.002), and magnesium (p=0.037). Despite RYGBP surgery, vitamin D was significantly increased. Liver enzymes were significantly lowered after RYGBP and the change over time in SAD correlated with gamma-glutamyltransferase. SAD was superior to BMI to predict glucose disturbance and dyslipidemia implying increased use of SAD as it is cost effective and simple to perform in the clinic and could be of value when considering patients for bariatric surgery.

Milk-Fat Intake and Differences in Abdominal Adiposity and BMI: Evidence Based on 13,544 Randomly-Selected Adults

The primary purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relationship between milk-fat intake and obesity, particularly abdominal obesity, in 13,544 U.S. adults. A lesser objective was to measure the degree to which the association was influenced by multiple potential confounding variables. This cross-sectional study used data from the 2011–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Quantity of milk-fat regularly consumed was the exposure variable. Sagittal abdominal diameter (SAD), a measure of abdominal obesity, and body mass index (BMI) were the outcome variables. Sagittal abdominal diameter is a strong predictor of visceral abdominal fat, when measured by computed tomography, and has been shown to predict cardiometabolic disorders better than BMI. After controlling for age, race, gender, physical activity, leisure computer use and gaming, alcohol habits, and cigarette use, significantly lower BMIs were associated with consistent non-fat and full-fat milk consumption (F = 4.1, p = 0.0063). A significantly lower SAD was associated only with regular consumption of non-fat milk (F = 5.0, p = 0.0019). No significant differences were detected between the other milk-fat groups or milk abstainers. In this nationally representative sample, only 19.6% of adults regularly consumed low-fat milk. In conclusion, consistent non-fat milk intake was predictive of lower levels of abdominal adiposity compared to consumption of higher levels of milk-fat.