Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction Research Articles

Surgical Repair of Abdominal Aorto-Iliac Prosthetic Graft Infections: A Nationwide Japanese Cohort Study

Prosthetic graft infection (PGI) after open abdominal aortic and iliac artery reconstruction is life threatening. However, because it is rare and frequently difficult to diagnose, robust evidence on its treatment and optimal management strategies are lacking. This study aimed to clarify the clinical characteristics and surgical treatment outcomes of this condition and to identify pre-operative and operative factors affecting its prognosis. This was a nationwide cohort study. Using a nationwide clinical registry system, patients who were surgically treated for PGI after open abdominal aortic and iliac artery reconstruction between 2011 and 2017 were investigated, and their profiles and clinical courses were analysed. The relationships between the pre-operative and operative factors and the post-operative outcomes, including mortality and persistent or recurrent graft related infection, were evaluated. This study included 213 patients. The median duration between the index arterial reconstruction and surgical treatment for PGI was 644 days. Fistula development to the gastrointestinal tract was confirmed during surgery in 53.1% of patients. The cumulative overall survival rates at 30 and 90 days, one, three, and five years were 87.3%, 74.8%, 62.2%, 54.5%, and 48.1%, respectively. Pre-operative shock was the only factor independently associated with 90 day and three year mortality. Short term and late mortality rates, as well as the rate of persistent or recurrent graft related infection, did not differ significantly between patients treated with total removal of the infected graft and those treated with partial removal of the graft. Surgery for PGI after open reconstruction of the abdominal aorta and iliac arteries is complex, and post-operative mortality remains high. Partial removal of the infected graft may be an alternative in selected patients with limited extent of infection.

Pseudo-aneurysm of Distal Aortic Stump – A Manifestation of Aortoenteric Fistula

Background: Secondary aortoenteric fistula (AEF) is rare but devastating complication of abdominal aortic reconstruction surgery for aortic aneurysm. Most patients presented with acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. CTA abdomen is usually performed to attain the diagnosis. However, AEF has invariable appearances on CT where mostly are non-specific and similar to perigraft infection (PGI). A case of secondary AEF following multiple series of aortic surgery, with CT manifestation of recurrent pseudo-aneurysm of aortic stump, is presented. Case Presentation: 65 years old man who had undergone series of aortic reconstructive surgery for infra-renal abdominal aortic aneurysm presented acutely for hematemesis and per rectal bleeding. Initial CTA abdomen revealed pseudoaneurysm of the distal aortic stump, which was successfully embolized with coils. However, the symptoms recurred and repeated CTA showed new pseudo-aneurysm but no typical findings of AEF. Emergency laparotomy confirmed AEF at duodenojejunal junction that was repaired with primary closure. Unfortunately, patient died 3 days later due to multiple post-operative complications. Conclusion: Presence of pseudo-aneurysm with background of perigraft infection should raise the suspicion of AEF, especially in patients with history of aortic intervention that presented with gastro-intestinal bleeding. CTA abdomen is invaluable in providing the diagnosis of AEF despite its variable manifestations.

Self-Made Bovine Pericardial Tube Grafts for the Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Infections

Aortic infections are an uncommon but life-threatening disease. The material of choice for aortic reconstruction is still a matter of debate. The aim of this study is to examine the short and mid-term outcomes in the treatment of abdominal aortic infections using self-made bovine pericardium tube grafts. This retrospective, single-center study collected all patients who underwent in situ abdominal aortic reconstruction using self-made bovine pericardial tube grafts between February 2020 and December 2021 in a tertiary care center. Patient comorbidities, symptoms, radiological, bacteriological and peri-operative findings, as well as postoperative outcomes were analyzed. Bovine pericardial aortic tube grafts were used in 11 patients (10 male, median age 68.7 years). Two patients presented a native aortic infection and nine had graft infections (four bypass grafts, four endografts and a plurioperated patient who had undergone both endovascular and open procedures). There were two emergent surgeries due to infectious aneurysm ruptures. All patients were symptomatic and the most frequent clinical finding was lumbar or abdominal pain (36%), followed by wound infection (27%) and fever (18%). Seven bifurcated and four straight pericardial tube grafts were needed. Purulent drainage was obtained around the previous graft or in the aneurysmal sac in 7 cases; intraoperative cultures were positive in 6 cases (Gram + bacteria). Two patients died in the immediate postoperative period (perioperative mortality 18%; urgent procedures 50%; scheduled procedures 11%). One patient had a major complication due to bilateral SARS-CoV2 pneumonia. There was one single reintervention to control hemostasis due to bleeding non-graft-related. The median follow-up was 14.1 months (3-24 months). Our preliminary experience in the treatment of abdominal aortic infections by in situ reconstrucción with self-made bovine pericardial tube grafts shows promising results. These should be confirmed in the long term.

Trends in annual open abdominal aortic surgical volumes for vascular trainees compared with annual national volumes in the endovascular era

ObjectiveA prior analysis predicted a shortfall in open abdominal aortic repair (OAR) experience for vascular trainees resulting from the rapid adoption, and increased anatomic suitability, of endovascular aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) technology. We explored how EVAR has transformed contemporary open aortic surgical education for vascular trainees. MethodsWe examined the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education case volumes of open abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair and reconstruction for aortoiliac occlusive disease via aortoiliac or femoral bypass (AFB) from integrated vascular surgery residents (VSRs) and fellows (VSFs) graduating from 2006 to 2017 and compared them to the national estimates of total OAR (open AAA repair plus AFB) in the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality National Inpatient Sample using the International Classification of Diseases, 9th and 10th revision, procedural codes. Changes over time were assessed using the χ2 test, Student’s t test, and linear regression. ResultsDuring the 12-year study period, the national annual total OAR and open AAA repair estimates had decreased: total OAR by 72.5% (estimate ± standard error: 2006, 24,255 ± 1185; vs 2017, 6690 ± 274; P < .001) and open AAA repair by 84.7% (estimate ± standard error: 2006, 18,619 ± 924; vs 2017, 2850 ± 168; P < .001). The AFB estimates had decreased by 33.0% (P < .001). The percentage of total OAR, open AAA repair, and AFB performed at teaching hospitals had significantly increased, from ∼55% to 80% (P < .001 for all). A 40.9% decrease was found for open AAA repairs performed by graduating VSFs (mean, 18.6 vs 11) but only a 6.9% decrease in total OAR cases (mean, 27.6 vs 25.7) owing to increasing AFB volumes (mean, 9.0 vs 14.7). The VSR graduates had consistently logged an average of ∼10 open AAA repairs, with a 31.0% increase in total OARs (mean, 23.2 vs 30.4), again secondary to increasing AFB volumes (mean, 11.4 vs 17.5). Although an absolute decrease was found in open aortic experience for VSFs, the rate of decline for the total OAR case volumes was not significantly different after VSR programs had been established (P = .40). ConclusionsAs the incidence has decreased nationally, the use of OAR has been shifting toward teaching hospitals. Although open AAA procedures for trainees have been declining with the increased use of EVAR, open aortic reconstruction for aortoiliac occlusive disease has been increasing, playing an important role in ensuring that vascular trainees continue to have satisfactory OAR experience sufficient for meeting minimum graduation requirements. Strategies to maintain and maximize the education and experience from these cases should be the top priority for vascular surgery program directors.

Features of Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysms with a Horseshoe Kidney

Introduction. Reconstructive surgery of abdominal aortic aneurysms, despite significant international experience, remains one of the most complex issues of current vascular surgery, especially due to anatomical variability of arterial blood supply of the kidneys and abnormalities in their development, among which the most common is a horseshoe kidney. Features of vascularization, placement of the renal isthmus relative to the main vessels, the choice of the optimal method of abdominal aortic aneurysm reconstruction cause a high risk of surgery. The issues of open and endovascular aortic grafting, possibility of crossing the isthmus of the horseshoe kidney, feasibility of reconstruction of additional renal arteries still remain controversial.&#x0D; The aim. Improvement of the diagnosis and surgical treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms with a horseshoe kidney.&#x0D; Case presentation. In our observation, in a 61-year-old patient, by clinical examination, laboratory and diagnostic imaging the diagnosis of two infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms with a horseshoe kidney was confirmed, that has become a direct indication for surgical intervention: exclusion of infrarenal aortic aneurysms from the blood flow, abdominal aortic prosthetic grafting with reimplantation of the renal isthmus arteries into the prosthetic graft. This clinical case confirms the advantages of open surgical technique, using transperitoneal approach, which not only provided sufficient exposure of the operating area, but also allowed to perform optimal reconstruction of the abdominal aorta without crossing the functioning isthmus of the horseshoe kidney with preservation of blood flow through additional renal arteries.&#x0D; Conclusion. Careful preoperative assessment of the peculiarities of the blood supply of the horseshoe kidney with coexistent abdominal aortic aneurysms allows to optimize the tactics of surgical treatment, prevent the development of severe complications and achieve complete recovery of the patient.

Extended intensive care correlates with worsening of surgical outcome after elective abdominal aortic reconstruction

The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of extended postoperative intensive care on short- and long-term patient outcome after elective abdominal aortic surgery and to assess the risk factors for patient survival after extended intensive care unit (ICU) treatment. The data of 231 patients that underwent open or endovascular abdominal aortic surgery were retrospectively analysed with regard to extended postoperative intensive care, defined as ICU treatment for more than 24 consecutive hours. Pre- and intraoperative factors were evaluated. The endpoints of the study were postoperative complications, mortality, and long-term follow-up. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors of worse overall survival. Extended postoperative intensive care was needed in 84 patients (63 after open and 21 after endovascular surgery). The period of ICU treatment was similar in both groups. Only the wound complications (31.8% vs. 9.5%, P=0.0498; OR 4.42 [0.94-20.84]) and the rate of acute kidney injury (82.5% vs. 57.1%, P=0.0352; OR 3.55 [1.20-0.46]) were more frequent after open surgery, whereas brief reactive psychosis (38.1% vs. 14.3%, P=0.0281; OR 0.27 [0.09-0.84]) was more frequent after endovascular surgery. ICU stay of ≥8 days correlated with significantly lower survival rates compared to a shorter ICU stay (P=0.0034), independent of open or endovascular techniques. Other multivariate risk factors for worse survival were the absence of preoperative aspirin medication, a Body Mass Index (BMI) of <25, chronic renal insufficiency, and coronary artery disease. Endovascular therapy was a positive predictive factor of short ICU stay of ≤3 days. The outcome after extended intensive care following elective aortic surgery is strongly dependent on the length of ICU stay.

Surgical treatment of patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm and ischaemic heart disease

Presented herein are the results of treatment of 137 patients with infrarenal aneurysms of the abdominal portion of the aorta in a combination with ischaemic heart disease. Severity of lesions to the coronary bed and the risk of cardiac complications were assessed according to the SYNTAX score. Depending on severity of angina pectoris and the clinical course of infrarenal aortic aneurysms, we used different tactical approaches to operative treatment of patients. In a low risk of coronary complications, we performed isolated prosthetic repair or endoprosthetic reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. In patients with haemodynamically significant lesions of the coronary bed and positive non-invasive tests, the first stage consisted in coronary artery bypass grafting or stenting of coronary arteries taking into account the risk of cardiac complications according to the SYNTAX Score. The second stage consisted in prosthetic repair or endoprosthetic reconstruction of the abdominal aorta. The terms of the second stage differed and were determined by the course of abdominal aortic aneurysms. In symptomatic large aneurysms (more than 8 cm), prosthetic repair of the abdominal aorta was carried out within 2 weeks after previous stenting of coronary arteries. Simultaneous myocardial revascularization and abdominal aortic reconstruction were performed only in patients with severe angina pectoris, lesions of the trunk of the left coronary artery, three-vessel lesions of the coronary bed, high risk of cardiac complications according to the SYNTAX Score and a complicated or symptomatic course of an infrarenal aortic aneurysm. During implantation of stent grafts into the abdominal aorta there were neither lethal outcomes nor cardiac complications. In open operations, the 30-day mortality rate amounted to 2.2%, with the 5-year survival rate of 92%.

A case of suspected propofol infusion syndrome after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery

BackgroundPropofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare but potentially lethal side effect during propofol administration.Case presentationThe patient was scheduled for abdominal aortic aneurysm resection and reconstruction. Propofol used during sedation for ventilation after the surgery-induced rhabdomyolysis, heart failure, and renal failure. Discontinuation of propofol administration led to a dramatic improvement in the fatal symptoms, resulting in a diagnosis of PRIS.ConclusionsWe herein report a rare case of a PRIS during sedation in the intensive care unit after abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery. Physicians using propofol should therefore be aware of the potential risk of PRIS.

Early outcomes of native and graft-related abdominal aortic infection managed with orthotopic xenopericardial grafts

ObjectiveReconstruction of infected aortic cases has shifted from extra-anatomic to in situ. This study reports the surgical strategy and early outcomes of abdominal aortic reconstruction in both native and graft-related aortic infection with in situ xenopericardial grafts. MethodsIncluded in the analysis are 21 consecutive patients (mean age, 69 years; 20 male) who underwent abdominal xenopericardial in situ reconstruction of native aortic infection (4) and endovascular (4) or open (13) graft aortic infection between July 2017 and September 2019. All repairs were performed on an urgent basis, but none were ruptured. All patients were followed up with clinical and biologic evaluation, ultrasound at 3 months, and computed tomography scan at 6 months and 1 year. ResultsTechnical success was 100%; 8 patients were treated with xenopericardial tubes and 13 with bifurcated grafts. Thirty-day mortality was 4.7% (one death due to pneumonia with respiratory hypoxic failure in critical care.). Six patients (28%) developed acute kidney injury, four (19%) requiring temporary dialysis; five fully recovered and one died. Four patients (19%) required a return to the operating room. After a median follow-up of 14 months (range, 1-26 months), overall mortality was 19% (n = 4). Two patients presented with recurrent sepsis after reconstruction, leading to death due to multiorgan failure. Other patients (17/21) have discontinued antibiotics with no evidence of recurrence of infection clinically, radiologically, or on blood tests. Computed tomography scans at 1 year demonstrated no stenosis or graft dilation and one asymptomatic left graft branch thrombosis. Primary patency is 95%. ConclusionsIn situ xenopericardial aortic reconstruction is a safe and effective management strategy for both native and graft-related abdominal aortic infection with good short-term results. The graft demonstrates appropriate resistance to infection such that reliable eradication of infection in this vascular bed is possible. Longer follow-up is required in future studies to determine the durability of the reconstruction and need for reinterventions.

Multiple left accessory renal vessels

Anatomical variations of the abdominal aorta are common. Using standard techniques, abdominal and renal vessels were dissected and measured. Six accessory renal vessels were identified on the left. One accessory artery from the posterolateral abdominal aorta entered the hilum superior to the main renal artery and a corresponding accessory vein emptied into the main renal vein. Two accessory arteries from the left common iliac artery entered the kidney’s inferomedial and inferolateral pole. The corresponding accessory veins emptied into the left common iliac vein, and a lumber vein posterior to the abdominal aorta, respectively. The number of accessory renal vessels in this specimen is unusual, and the branching pattern is extremely rare. Knowledge of these variations is important for surgical procedures such as transplantation, vascular reconstruction, and abdominal aortic aneurism reconstruction. Additionally, the presence of accessory renal vessels has been associated with renal pathology such as hypertension and hydronephrosis.

Етапність в хірургічній тактиці при багаторівневих оклюзійно-стенотичних ураженнях черевної аорти та артерій нижніх кінцівок у хворих з облітеруючим атеросклерозом

Мета. Покращити результати хірургічного лікування хворих з багаторівневими оклюзійно-стенотичними ураженнями черевної аорти та артерій нижніх кінцівок (НК) на тлі критичної ішемії (КІ).&#x0D; Матеріали і методи. Проаналізовано результати хірургічного лікування 135 хворих з багаторівневими оклюзійними ураженнями та КІНК. До основної групи увійшли 68 (50,4%) пацієнтів, яким виконали біфуркаційне аорто-стегнове алошунтування, поєднане зі стегно-підколінним шунтуванням, із застосуванням критерію - інтраопераційного визначення величини ретроградного кровообігу по глибокій артерії стегна (ГАС); до порівняльної групи - 67 (49,6%) хворих, яким виконали стандартно той же об’єм реконструктивних операцій.&#x0D; Результати. Аналіз результатів виконаних оперативних втручань засвідчив, що застосування, крім стандартних діагностичних методів: ультразвукового дуплексного сканування (УЗДС), артеріографії, мультиспіральної комп’ютерної томографії (МСКТ), інтраопераційної дебітометрії дає змогу об’єктивізувати стан ретроградного кровообігу та своєчасно коригувати об’єм та етапність хірургічного втручання. Завдяки цьому вдалося розширити показання до виконання одночасних багаторівневих реконструкцій черевної аорти та артерій НК без збільшення частоти як операційних, так і кардіологічних ускладнень.&#x0D; Висновки. Застосування розробленого гемодинамічного критерію - визначення величини ретроградного кровотоку по ГАС 80 мл/хв - дало змогу оптимізувати хірургічну тактику та значно покращити результати хірургічного лікування. Призначення препарату «Валаргін» в дозі 3000 мг/добу протягом 20 діб покращувало ангіопротекцію в найближчому післяопераційному періоді.

Clinical and Radiographic Predictors of Great Vessel Resection or Reconstruction During Retroperitoneal Lymph Node Dissection for Testicular Cancer

ObjectiveTo evaluate whether specific clinical or radiographic factors predict inferior vena cava (IVC) or abdominal aortic (AA) resection or reconstruction (RoR) at the time of postchemotherapy retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND) for germ cell tumors of the testicle. Materials and MethodsTwo hundred seventy-seven patients undergoing postchemotherapy RPLND at two institutions between 2005 and 2015 were identified. Preoperative imaging was reviewed with radiologists blinded to operative details. Univariable and multivariable logistic regressions were performed, and a model was created to predict the need for great vessel RoR using radiographic and clinical factors. ResultsOf 97 patients with preoperative imaging and clinical data available, 16 (17%) underwent RoR at RPLND. On univariable analysis dominant mass size, degree of circumferential vessel involvement, and vessel deformity were associated with RoR (all P <.05). No patients with clinical stage IIA or IIB disease at diagnosis required RoR. In the multivariable model, mass involvement of the IVC >135° (odds ratio 65.5, 7.8-548, P <.01) and involvement of the AA >330° (odds ratio 29.0, 3.44-245, P <.01) were predictive for RoR. These thresholds yielded a PPV of 48% and 50% and a NPV of 92% and 97% for IVC and AA RoR, respectively. ConclusionDegree of circumferential involvement of the great vessels is an independent predictor for resection or reconstruction of the IVC or AA at postchemotherapy RPLND. Patients at high risk of great vessel reconstruction should be informed accordingly and have the proper teams available for complex vascular reconstruction.

Arterial reconstructions for pediatric splanchnic artery occlusive disease

ObjectivePediatric splanchnic arterial occlusive disease is uncommon and a rare cause of clinically relevant intestinal ischemia. This study was undertaken to better define the clinical manifestations and appropriate treatment of celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) occlusive disease in children. MethodsClinical courses of 30 consecutive children undergoing operations for splanchnic arterial occlusive disease at the University of Michigan from 1992 to 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsVascular reconstructions were performed for splanchnic arterial disease in 18 boys and 12 girls, 1.5 to 16 years of age (mean, 7.5 ± 4.1 years). Isolated splanchnic arterial disease was uncommon (2 children), being more often associated with abdominal aortic coarctations (19 children) or ostial renal artery stenoses (25 children). Primary splanchnic arterial reconstructions (30) included aortic reimplantation of SMAs (15) or celiacomesenteric arteries (2), aortoceliac and aortomesenteric bypasses (7), reimplantation of the CA as a patch over the stenotic SMA orifice (3), and patch angioplasty of the CA (2) or SMA (1). There was no perioperative mortality. Two groups (I and II) were identified for study. Group I children (14) experienced symptomatic intestinal ischemia, manifested by various combinations of chronic postprandial abdominal discomfort (14), ischemia-related intestinal bleeding (2), or failure to thrive (4). Four children in group I became symptomatic after known CA and SMA occlusive disease was left untreated at the time they underwent earlier interventions for renovascular hypertension. Seven secondary redo interventions were undertaken for recurrent symptoms in six group I children. Only one major periprocedural complication occurred: segmental colon infarction. The assisted patency rate of reconstructed arteries in group I children was 93%, and intestinal ischemic symptoms resolved in every child. Group I follow-up from the most recent splanchnic arterial reconstruction averaged 4.3 years. Group II children (16) without manifestations of intestinal ischemia underwent prophylactic splanchnic arterial reconstructions in concert with combined aortic and renal artery procedures (11), isolated abdominal aortic reconstructions (3), or renal artery reconstructions alone (2). Group II children experienced no major perioperative morbidity and remained asymptomatic postoperatively, and none required secondary splanchnic artery interventions. Group II follow-up averaged 7.4 years. ConclusionsPediatric splanchnic artery occlusive lesions are often associated with developmental aortic and renal artery occlusive disease. Carefully conducted therapeutic and prophylactic reconstructive procedures are appropriate in children having splanchnic arterial occlusive disease.

Secondary aortoenteric fistula: Review of a case and literature

The objective of this study was to assess early diagnosis and management of hematemesis in patients who have a history of aortic reconstructive surgery. A 70-year-old male presented with complaints of active hematemesis and melena for 2 days at the emergency room. He gave a history of aortobifemoral bypass for bilateral iliac arterial occlusive disease 9 years ago. Urgent computed tomography (CT) angiography was suggestive of large aortic anastomotic pseudoaneurysm with aortoenteric fistula (AEF). Urgent endovascular repair of pseudoaneurysm with right femoral artery to left femoral artery crossover with ligation of left femoral artery, left common iliac artery, and left graft limb was done. The patient did well after the surgical management. Routine follow-up was done. Repeat CT angiography was done. No any major complication was encountered. Secondary AEF is a life-threatening complication of abdominal aortic reconstruction. The clinical manifestation of the AEF is always hematemesis. Treatment of the disease is urgent hybrid surgical intervention.

Оценка проходимости синтетических кондуитов из пористого политетрафторэтилена при реконструкции магистральных вен (экспериментальное исследование)

Цель - изучение проходимости синтетических кондуитов из пористого политетрафторэтилена при реконструкции магистральных вен и обоснование их применения в клинической практике. Методика. Исследование выполнено на 70 кроликах половозрелого возраста мужского пола породы «Белый новозеландский» массой 3,0-3,5 кг. 40 кроликам выполнено линейное протезирование инфраренального отдела задней полой вены. 30 кроликам выполнено линейное протезирование инфраренального отдела брюшной аорты (группа сравнения). Оперативные вмешательства были выполнены в асептических условиях под внутримышечным наркозом. Для протезирования брюшной аорты и задней полой вены использовали политетрафторэтиленовые протезы (7 поколение, 2010) производства ЗАО «НПК «Экофлон» (Россия) с внутренним диаметром 4,0 мм и длиной 20,0 мм. Все анастомозы формировали атравматическим шовным материалом 7/0 или 8/0 с использованием микроинструментов. На протяжении всего срока эксперимента антикоагулянтной и антиагрегантной терапии не проводилось. В течение всего срока наблюдения контроль проходимости протезов осуществляли ультразвуковой допплерографией скоростных показателей кровотока дистальнее и проксимальнее протеза на сроках 3, 10, 30, 90, 180, 270 сут. На контрольных сроках наблюдения проходимость протеза оценивали прямым инвазивным измерением давления крови, а также интраоперационной ультразвуковой допплерографией линейной скорости кровотока дистальнее и проксимальнее протеза. После вывода животного из эксперимента протез иссекали с окружающими тканями для дальнейшего изучения. При сравнении показателей давления крови и линейной скорости кровотока дистальнее и проксимальнее протеза на разных сроках использовали критерий Манна-Уитни. Критический уровень значимости при проверке статистических гипотез принимался &lt;0,05. Результаты. Статистически значимой разницы линейных скоростей кровотоков и давления крови проксимальнее и дистальнее протеза на всех сроках наблюдения не выявлено. Проходимость протезов из политетрафторэтилена в венозной позиции не отличается от таковой в артериальной позиции. Тромбозов и гемодинамически значимых стенозов синтетических кондуитов из пористого политетрафторэтилена, как в венозной, так и в артериальной позиции не отмечено на всех сроках. Заключение. Проходимость синтетических кондуитов из пористого политетрафторэтилена в венозной позиции сравнима и не отличается от таковой в артериальной позиции. Полученные данные позволяют получить экспериментальное обоснование возможности использования синтетических кондуитов из пористого политетрафторэтилена при реконструкции магистральных вен в клинической практике. Aim. To study patency of synthetic, porous polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) conduits in reconstruction of great veins and to justify their use in clinical practice. Methods. The study was conducted on 70 New Zealand male rabbits weighing 3.0-3.5 kg. Infrarenal linear prosthetic reconstruction of posterior vena cava was performed in 40 rabbits. Infrarenal linear prosthetic reconstruction of abdominal aorta was performed in 30 rabbits (control group). All surgical procedures were conducted in aseptic conditions under intramuscular anesthesia. Porous PTFE conduits with 4 mm internal diameter and 20 mm length (7th generation, 2010; ZAO NPK Ecoflon, Russia) were used for prostheses of aorta and posterior vena cava. All anastomoses were made of atraumatic 7/0-8/0 ligature using microsurgical instruments. No anticoagulant therapy was used throughout the experimental period. During the study, conduit patency was controlled by ultrasound Doppler monitoring of blood flow velocity distal and proximal to the conduit and direct, invasive BP measurements during the surgery and at 3, 10, 30, 90, 180, and 270 days of surgery. At the end of experiment, the conduit was removed from the animal together with adjacent structures. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used for comparison of BP and blood flow velocity distal and proximal to the conduit. Differences were considered significant at p ?0.05. Results. Significant differences between values of linear blood flow velocity and BP distal and proximal to the conduit were absent in the entire follow up period. The patency of porous PTFE conduits was similar in both arterial and venous positions. No conduit thrombosis or hemodynamically significant stenosis were observed in arterial or venous positions in the entire follow up period. Conclusion. The patency of PTFE conduits in the venous position is similar to and not different from the arterial position. The obtained experimental data support the use of synthetic PTFE conduits for reconstruction of great veins in clinical practice. Conclusion. The polytetrafluoroethylene conduits patency of in venous position is similar and does not differ from arterial position. Obtained experimental data gives the opportunity for synthetic polytetrafluoroethylene conduits appliance for main vein reconstruction in clinical practice.

Recent Results of In Situ Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction with Cryopreserved Arterial Allograft

Recent Results of In Situ Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction with Cryopreserved Arterial Allograft

Recent Results of In Situ Abdominal Aortic Reconstruction with Cryopreserved Arterial Allograft

To evaluate treatment outcomes of in situ abdominal aortic reconstruction with cryopreserved arterial allograft (CAA) for patients with abdominal aortic infection. A retrospective review of prospectively collected data was conducted of patients who underwent in situ aortic reconstruction using CAA for primary, secondary, or prosthetic infection of the abdominal aorta between May 2006 and July 2015, at a single institution. Clinical presentation, indications for treatment, procedural details, early post-operative mortality and morbidity, late death, and graft related complications during the follow up period were investigated. Patient survival and event free survival (any death or re-operation) were calculated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Twenty-five patients (male, n=20, 80%; mean age, 70.2±8.7 years) underwent in situ abdominal aortic reconstruction (48% aortic, 52% aorto-bi-iliac) with vessel size and ABO matched CAA for treatment of abdominal aortic infection caused by infected abdominal aortic aneurysm (n=15), aortic prosthesis infection (n=7), aortic reconstruction with concomitant colon resection (n=2), and primary suppurative aortitis (n=1). The median follow up was 19.1 months (range 1-73 months). There were seven post-operative deaths including two (8%) early (<30 days) and five (20%) late deaths There were three (12%) graft related complications including thrombotic occlusion of the CAA, aneurysmal dilatation, and aorto-enteric fistula. Three years after CAA implantation, patient survival was 74% and the event free survival was 58%. It is believed that in situ abdominal aortic reconstruction with CAA is a useful option for treating primary, secondary, or prosthetic infection of the abdominal aorta.

Influence of Social Deprivation on Outcome of Open Arterial Surgery in Tertiary Care: An Observational Study

ABSTRACTBackground and Objective: Health equity is playing an increasing role in British government health policy. Evidence of social deprivation affecting outcomes in surgery is poor. This study aimed to assess the influence of social deprivation on the outcome of major arterial surgery. Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort study was undertaken in patients undergoing elective or emergency open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysms or lower limb arterial reconstruction over an eight and a half year period within one institution. Patient deprivation was calculated for each patient with the Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) score. This was then entered into multivariate models to determine its effect on mortality and postoperative length of stay after adjustment for confounders. Results: Five hundred and six patients were included in the study. There were 45 deaths (8.9%) and median (IQR) postoperative length of stay was 8 (4–15) days. The median (IQR) IMD score was 46.4 (28.3–64.5). IMD score correlated with ASA grade and was significantly higher in smokers, patients with respiratory disease and those with left ventricular failure. IMD (OR = 1.01; 95% CI = 0.99-1.03; p = .45) did not affected mortality, which was associated with aortic surgery, emergency surgery, and high ASA grade. Postoperative length of stay, which was longer with/after aortic surgery, tissue loss, emergency surgery, high ASA grade, low haemoglobin, and age over 80 years was also independent of deprivation (Spearman's rho = −0.49, p = .28). Discussion: No effect of social deprivation on mortality or length of stay in patients undergoing major arterial surgery was identified.

Impact of coexisting aneurysms on open revascularization for aortoiliac occlusive disease

National data evaluating outcomes for occlusive abdominal aortic reconstructions are well described. The relative effect of operative indication as well as the presence of concomitant abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) on in-hospital mortality is not well defined. The Nationwide Inpatient Sample was queried to identify patients who underwent open aortic surgery (2003-2010). Indication for surgery was classified by International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision diagnostic codes to identify isolated occlusive indications as well as combined occlusive disease and AAA. Primary outcome was in-hospital mortality. Secondary outcomes were complications and discharge disposition. Overall, 56,374 underwent aortic reconstruction, 48,591 for occlusive disease (86.2%) and 7783 for combined occlusive disease with AAA (13.8%). Intermittent claudication was the most common indication for intervention (60.9%), whereas 39.7% underwent intervention for critical limb ischemia (22.2% rest pain, 17.6% gangrene). Patients with intermittent claudication had more concomitant AAAs (17.3%) than did patients with critical limb ischemia (8.4%). Thebaseline characteristics for those with occlusive disease and combined occlusive with AAA disease were similar in terms of obesity (4.8% vs 4.2%; P= .27) and congestive heart failure (6.6% vs 6.3%; P= .65) but differed by age (62.2years vs 68.4years; P<.0001) and hypertension (65.4% vs 69.1%; P= .005). Patients with combined occlusive and AAA disease had higher mortality than those with occlusive disease alone (3.9% vs 2.7%; P= .01). On multivariable regression, factors associated with in-hospital mortality included gangrene with AAA compared with gangrene alone (odds ratio [OR], 2.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.6-4.7; P< .0002), age >65years age (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 2.4-4.1; P<.0001), renal failure (OR, 2.7; 95% CI, 1.9-3.8; P< .0001), and concurrent lower extremity revascularization (OR,1.3; 95% CI, 1.1-1.7; P< .02). Intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia with concomitant AAA carries a higher mortality than intermittent claudication or critical limb ischemia alone, especially in older patients with gangrene requiring revascularization and renal insufficiency. Preoperative risk stratification strategies should focus on the indication for surgery as well as the presence of concomitant AAA.

Ischemia and reperfusion injury of the spinal cord: experimental strategies to examine postischemic paraplegia

Thoracoabdominal aortic replacement, necessary in case of injuries, aneurysms and dissections, shows a high complication rate as a consequence of the perioperative ischemia / reperfusion-sequence (I/R). Clamping above and below the lesion leads to the spinal cord suffering from ischemia. Clamping times of less than 30 minutes show only a small risk of neurological deficit, while longer periods increase paraplegia rates disproportionately. The subsequent reperfusion as a second hit causes additional damage to the spinal cord. Up to 30 % of all patients who require being treated in the thoracoabdominal part of the aorta suffer from paraplegia within the first 24 postoperative hours (Kahn et al., 2012).