ABO Blood Group Research Articles

Non-O blood types are associated with a greater risk of large artery atherosclerosis stroke and dysregulation of cholesterol metabolism: an observational study

BackgroundPrevious research on ABO blood types and stroke has been controversial, predominantly suggesting heightened risk of stroke in non-O blood types. Nonetheless, investigations into the correlation and underlying mechanisms between ABO blood groups and stroke subtypes, especially within Chinese cohorts, remain limited.MethodsThe ABO blood types of 9,542 ischaemic stroke (IS) patients were inferred using two ABO gene loci (c.261G > del; c.802G > A). The healthy population was derived from the 1000 Genomes Project. Patients were classified by the causative classification system (CCS). Volcano plot and gene ontology (GO) analysis were employed to explore protein differential expression among blood types. Additionally, HT29 and SW480 cell lines with downregulated ABO expression were generated to evaluate its impact on cholesterol uptake and efflux.ResultsA greater proportion of stroke patients had non-O blood types (70.46%) than did healthy individuals (61.54%). Notable differences in blood type distributions were observed among stroke subtypes, with non-O blood type patients mainly classified as having large artery atherosclerosis (LAA). Clinical baseline characteristics, such as the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol level, activated partial thromboplastin time and thrombin time, varied significantly among blood types. A volcano plot revealed 17 upregulated and 42 downregulated proteins in the O blood type. GO term analysis indicated that downregulated proteins were primarily associated with lipid metabolism pathways. In vitro experiments revealed that reducing ABO gene expression decreased cholesterol uptake and increased cholesterol efflux.ConclusionsThis study revealed that the non-O blood type increased the risk of LAA stroke through cholesterol metabolism.

Pattern of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Distribution among Second Year Medical Students of Arsi University, Southeast Ethiopia

Pattern of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group Distribution among Second Year Medical Students of Arsi University, Southeast Ethiopia

Synchronized Glioma Insights: Trends, Blood Group Correlations, Staging Dynamics, and the Vanguard of Liquid Biopsy Advancements.

Gliomas are the most frequent, heterogeneous group of tumors arising from glial cells, characterized by difficult monitoring, poor prognosis, and fatality. Tissue biopsy is an established procedure for tumor cell sampling that aids diagnosis, tumor grading, and prediction of prognosis. We studied and compared the levels of liquid biopsy markers in patients with different grades of glioma. Also, we tried to prove the potential association between glioma and specific blood group antigens. 78 patients were found, among whom the maximum percentage with glioblastoma had blood group O+ (53.8%). The second highest frequency had blood group A+ (20.4%), followed by B+ (9.0%) and A- (5.1%), and the least with O-. Liquid biopsy biomarkers included Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH), lymphocytes, Urea, Alkaline phosphatase (AST), Neutrophils, and C-Reactive Protein (CRP). The levels of all the components increased significantly with the severity of the glioma, with maximum levels seen in glioblastoma (grade IV), followed by grade III and grade II, respectively. Gliomas have significant clinical challenges due to their progression with heterogeneous nature and aggressive behavior. A liquid biopsy is a non-invasive approach that aids in setting up the status of the patient and figuring out the tumor grade; therefore, it may show diagnostic and prognostic utility. Additionally, our study provides evidence to prove the role of ABO blood group antigens in the development of glioma. However, future clinical research on liquid biopsy will improve the sensitivity and specificity of these tests and confirm their clinical usefulness to guide treatment approaches. </p>.

The association between ABO blood types and peripherally inserted central catheter-related venous thrombosis for patients with cancer: A retrospective 7-year single-center experience and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis evaluated the association of ABO blood type on central venous catheter-related thrombosis (CRT). Data were derived from 8477 patients at Sichuan Cancer Hospital from January 2015 to December 2021 and articles previously published in Chinese and English databases. Data from our hospital were collected by reviewing electronic medical records. Searched databases included CNKI, VIP, Wan Fang, China Biomedical, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, EMBASE, CINAHL, and OVID (up to July 2023). All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 22.0 and Revman 5.3. The Bonferroni method was used to adjust the α test level for reducing the risk of I errors in the multiple comparisons. A P-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Continuous variables were analyzed using a two-independent sample T test. The chi-squared test was used to analyze categorical data. A total of 818 studies were identified in the search. However, only four studies met the inclusion criteria. Combined with data from our hospital, five studies were included with a total of 18407 cases. Those studies only focused on peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC). According to the data from our hospital, logistic regression revealed that myelosuppression [odds ratio (OR), 1.473; P = 0.005) and radiotherapy(OR, 1.524; P<0.001) were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC- VTE. Blood types A (OR, 1.404; P = 0.008), B (OR, 1.393; P = 0.016), and AB (OR, 1.861; P<0.001) were associated with a significantly higher risk of symptomatic PICC-VTE than blood type O. And the hematologic tumor has a significantly higher risk of PICC-VTE than breast cancer (OR, 0.149; P < 0.001), and gynecological tumor (OR, 0.386; P = 0.002). In the meta-analysis of the association between ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, the I2 statistic was not significant in any of the pairwise comparisons, and a fixed-effects model was subsequently used for all analyses. The meta-analysis indicated that the incidence of symptomatic PICC related thrombosis was significantly lower in individuals with the O blood type (3.30%) than in those with the A (4.92%), B (5.20%), or AB (6.58%) blood types (all P < 0.0083). However, in the pairwise comparisons among A, B, and AB, the differences were nonsignificant (P > 0.0083). According to the results from our single center analysis, we found that myelosuppression, radiotherapy, hematologic tumor, and non-O blood type were independent risk factors for symptomatic PICC related thrombosis. In the meta-analysis of further exploration of ABO blood type and PICC related thrombosis, we found that ABO blood type may influence PICC related thrombosis, and individuals with the O blood type had a lower risk of PICC related thrombosis than those with non-O blood type.

Serological markers of transfusion transmissible infections and ABO blood groups in Najran, Saudi Arabia.

To ascertain the prevalence of transfusion transmissible infections (TTIs) across diverse donor groups in the Najran province. Additionally, to establish a potential association between the development of TTI and the donors' blood group, as determined by the ABO/Rh blood grouping system. Blood donation data of 4120 donors, spanning from January to December 2020, were retrospectively reviewed. The blood were screened for TTI markers, including hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), anti-hepatitis B core (anti-HBc), anti-hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), anti-human immunodeficiency viruses 1 and 2 (anti-HIV1&2), anti-human T-lymphotropic virus types 1 and 2 (anti-HTLV-1&2), and syphilis antigen. Positive TTI markers were detected in 10.9% of the donors. The most detected TTI marker was anti-HBc (8.9%), followed by HBsAg (0.7%). Other markers were individually detected in <1% of the donors. Anti-HBc-positive was significantly elevated among non-Saudi blood donors. There was an association between age groups and anti-HCV (p=0.002), anti-HTLV (p=0.004) and syphilis antigen (p=0.02) markers positivity. The AB positive blood group exhibited the most positivity for TTI markers, followed by O positive blood group. Similarly, association was found between ABO group and HBsAg (p=0.01), anti-HBc (p=0.001), and anti-HCV (p<0.001) markers positivity. Emphasis on implementing robust screening measures for donated blood is underscored by this study. There is the need for future study to extensively evaluate TTI status to enhance our understanding of the trend in TTI.

Impact of a mother&amp;#039;s ABO blood group on fetal growth and pregnancy-induced hypertension

Impact of a mother&amp;#039;s ABO blood group on fetal growth and pregnancy-induced hypertension

Molecular characteristics of patients with colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma with different ABO blood groups

BackgroundColorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma (SRCC) is a rare subtype of malignant adenocarcinoma, accounting for approximately 1 % of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. Its biomarkers and molecular characteristics remain controversial, and there are no specific therapeutic targets or strategies for its clinical treatment. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted between January 2010 and December 2021. 1058 colorectal cancer cases from the Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center and 489 cases from the Tumor Genome Atlas Project were included in the analysis, of which 64 were SRCC. Data extraction included patient demographics, blood types and risk factors, including clinical variables and genomics (either a 19-gene panel NGS or 1021-gene panel NGS). Univariate analyses were performed to identify factors significantly associated with overall survival. ResultsThe blood groups of 27 (42.2 %), 18 (28.1 %), 12 (18.8 %), and seven (10.9 %) patients were classified as O, A, B, and AB, respectively. We found that O was a unique blood group characterized by a low frequency of KRAS mutations, a high frequency of heterozygosity at each HLA class I locus, and a high tumor mutational burden (TMB). Patients in blood group A with high-frequency KRAS mutations and those in blood group B with anemia and metabolic abnormalities required targeted treatment. Furthermore, genetic alterations in SRCC differed from those in adenocarcinoma and mucinous adenocarcinoma. ConclusionsOur study revealed genomic changes in SRCC patients across different blood groups, which could advance the understanding and precise treatment of colorectal SRCC.

Nuances of Cohort Studies and Risk Ratio.

Post-graduate students and faculty usually conduct case-control studies. However, sometimes they conduct cohort studies that are short-duration. Most investigators enroll the participants in two groups according to the exposure. Then, follow the participants for some duration. At the end of the study, relative risk is calculated, and the work is published in some journal. The exposure may be one time, which may or may not be quantified. The follow-up duration may not be participant-specific, and differential follow-up does not exist. The author has given three examples: the first example of consanguineous marriages and congenital disabilities, the second example of the ABO blood group system and childhood asthma, and the third example of insecticide spraying and stillbirth. In the given examples, cumulative or density incidence cannot be calculated in a true sense and, therefore, risk ratio. Even estimating the incidence of outcome variables in some studies is not appropriate. Risk ratio calculation in such scenarios is questionable because exposure quantification, follow-up period, and combination are the limiting factors. In case-control studies, the prevalence ratio is calculated, which is analogous to relative risk. The author suggests that, in such circumstances, prevalence ratio calculation will be more appropriate.

Blood group is a long-term cardiovascular risk factor after carotid endarterectomy

Background ABO blood group system has been clinically related to an increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases. Preliminary data relating Rhesus (Rh) factor and these outcomes also have been published. Our aim was to analyse the impact of blood group on the short and long-term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy (CEA). Materials and methods From 2012 to 2019, patients from a referral centre who underwent CEA for atherosclerotic carotid stenosis were prospectively followed. Our primary outcomes were long-term major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs) and all-cause mortality. Secondary outcomes were perioperative complications and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS). Median follow-up was 50 months (interquartile range 21–69). Time-to-event analysis was used to determine the effect of ABO and Rh groups in long-term outcomes. Results One hundred and eighty-four patients were included, with a mean age of 70.1 ± 9.1 years. Eighteen (25.7%) patients with O type and 48 (42.1%) patients with non-O type presented coronary artery disease (odds ratio [OR]: 2.313, 5–95% confidence interval (CI) 1.245–4.297, p = .008). Patients Rh+ presented significantly more congestive heart failure, 23 (14.7%), p = .03. The incidence of MACE in the long-term was higher in non-O patients (adjusted hazard ratio: 2.034; CI: 1.032–4.010, p = .040). Rh− patients, presented a higher incidence of perioperative MINS. However, there was no statistically significant association with long-term risk of MACE. Conclusion The incidence of MACE in long-term analysis was higher in non-O blood type and 30-day MINS was significantly more common amongst Rh− patients. The benefit from a more complete preoperative cardiac study in these patients should be performed.

Prevalence of Rhesus D negativity and barriers to immuno- prophylaxis among obstetric patients in Kitengela Sub- county Hospital: A cross-sectional study

Background: Rhesus (Rh) alloimmunization is a serious but preventable disease that develops in women who are Rh(D)-negative. This disease contributes significantly to perinatal morbidity and mortality. Prevalence data of Rh(D)-negative blood type among pregnant women in Kenya are scarce. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Rh(D)-negative blood type, barriers to immunoprophylaxis, and ABO blood type patterns among the obstetric population in Kitengela Subcounty Hospital, Kajiado, Kenya. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed in which medical records of Rh-negative women as documented at the first antenatal visit were retrieved. Data were collected, extracted into a data collection tool, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists Software (SPSS version 23). Results: Of the 7141 women screened, 1.2 % (85) were Rh-negative. Among these, blood group O was the most common (48.2%), followed by blood groups B (24.7%), A (23.5%), and AB (3.5%). Most Rh-negative women (45.9%) were aged 15-23 years. Following delivery, only half of the women received anti-D immunoglobulin. Among those who did not receive anti-D postnatally, 80.8% lacked a documented reason, whereas 12.2% and 4.9% of the patients lacked access and did not know their Rh status, respectively. None of these patients had fetal blood grouping conducted before anti-D administration. Conclusion: Rh(D) negativity remains prevalent in the Kenyan population. However, access restrictions at both diagnostic and therapeutic levels remain. In addition, there is an overt hiatus in neonatal blood grouping.

Role of Maternal ABO Blood Type on Adverse Obstetric Outcomes

Abstract: This retrospective chart review evaluates the potential role of maternal ABO blood type on various adverse obstetrical outcomes for both mother and neonate, including maternal hypertensive disorders, GDM, fetal growth restriction, clinical chorioamnionitis and other related disease processes. Methods: Delivery records were obtained from the electronic medical record (EMR) for deliveries occurring between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2022. Data were extracted from nurse entered fields in the EMR during the delivery encounter (blood type, maternal age, body mass index (BMI), gestational age at delivery, quantitative blood loss, mode of delivery, and presence of Category 2 tracing,). Missing data were obtained through chart review. Other variables obtained through chart review included maternal pregnancy history, clinical chorioamnionitis diagnosis, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, prolonged rupture of membranes, indications for cesarean section, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and medical history including chronic hypertension, gestational and pre-gestational diabetes, thrombophilia, bleeding disorder, venous thromboembolism, seizure disorder, cholestasis of pregnancy, and COVID infection. Comparisons between maternal blood type AB vs. all other blood types (group containing blood types A, B, and O) were completed using Student’s t-tests, Mann Whitney U tests, Pearson’s chi-square tests, or Fisher’s Exact tests as statistically appropriate. Comparisons between the 4 individual blood types (AB, A, B, O) were completed using ANOVA, Pearson’s chi-square tests, or Kruskal-Wallace tests as statistically appropriate. Post-hoc multivariate logistic regression was used to examine associations of interest identified on bivariate analysis. Results: A total of 3263 deliveries were reviewed from between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2022. Of these, 113 patients had blood type AB (3.5%) and 3150 had other blood types (1015 type A, 463 type B, 1672 type O). Patients with blood type AB had statistically higher age than other blood types (31.0 ± 5.2 vs. 29.9 ± 6.1, p=0.046) and lower BMI (31.2 [IQR 7] vs. 33 [IQR 9.5], p =0.009). There were no differences in nulliparity, gestational age at delivery, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, cholestasis of pregnancy, quantitative blood loss, postpartum hemorrhage, clinical chorioamnionitis, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, category 2 tracing, or mode of delivery. Patients with blood type AB had a gestational hypertension rate of 14% compared to 9% in other blood types (p=0.059). This association was further explored in multivariate logistic regression for prediction of gestational hypertension, which showed a statistically significant association for blood type AB vs. other (p=0.032, OR 1.91 (95% CI 1.06-3.43)) when controlling for age (p=0.074, OR 0.98 (95% CI 0.96-1.00)), BMI (p&lt;0.001, OR 1.05 (1.04-1.07)), and gestational age (p=0.041, OR 1.06 (1.00-1.11)). However, patients with blood type AB had a rate of preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia of 3.6% compared to 8.9% in other blood types (p=0.05). This, too, was further explored in a regression for prediction of preeclampsia and superimposed preeclampsia, which did not show a statistically significant association for blood type AB vs. other (p=0.089, OR 0.36 (95% CI 0.11-1.17), when controlling for age (p=0.59, OR 0.99 (0.97-1.02)), BMI (p&lt;0.001, OR 1.06 (1.05-1.08)), and gestational age (p&lt;0.001, OR 0.88 (0.86-0.91)). A third regression model on any hypertensive disorder of pregnancy (including gestational hypertension, preeclampsia with or without severe features, eclampsia, and superimposed preeclampsia) did not show a statistically significant association for blood type AB vs. other (p=0.65, OR 1.13 (95% CI 0.66-1.95)) when controlling for age, BMI, and gestational age. Four-way comparisons between the 4 individual blood types (AB, A, B, O) did not show differences in any of the outcomes. Conclusion: Previous investigations have found variable results regarding maternal blood type and adverse obstetrical outcomes including hypertensive disorders, gestational diabetes, and perinatal diseases. A previous study by Burgess et al. found that mothers with type AB blood had an increased risk of developing late onset preeclampsia, while Hentschke et al. found no association between preeclampsia and maternal blood type. Reisig et al. found a significant correlation between type A+ mothers and the development of preeclampsia. This retrospective chart review of 3263 deliveries was performed to further investigate these associations and address this knowledge gap. It has been shown that AB blood type is associated with stimulated antigen response, an increased prothrombotic state and increased disease risk. In this study, maternal AB blood type was found to be associated with gestational hypertension. However, this association was likely due to a Type I error, as no other association with other hypertensive disorders, such as pre-eclampsia, was found to be significant. We found no other statistically significant correlations between maternal blood type and adverse obstetrical outcomes. Although previous studies have demonstrated a potential association between maternal AB blood type and adverse outcomes, our study, with a substantial sample size, did not yield similar results. In conclusion, physicians should not depend on maternal blood type as a reliable indicator of potential obstetrical outcomes or when identifying high-risk mothers.

Role of Maternal ABO Blood Type on Neonatal Outcomes

Purpose: This retrospective chart review investigates the association between maternal AB blood type and neonatal outcomes including birthweight, NICU transfer rate, Apgar scores, cord blood pH levels, clinical chorioamnionitis, and stillbirth compared to other maternal blood types (A, B, and O). Methods: Delivery records were examined from the electronic medical record (EMR) for deliveries occurring between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2022. Some variables were autofilled from nurse-entered data into the EMR during the delivery encounter (blood type, maternal age, Body Mass Index (BMI), gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, presence of Category 2 tracing, infant birth weight, NICU transfer, Apgar scores, and cord gas values). Missing data were obtained through chart review. Other variables obtained through chart review included maternal gravida and para numbers, clinical chorioamnionitis diagnosis, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, indications for delivery and cesarean section, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, and medical history including chronic hypertension and gestational and pregestational diabetes. Comparisons between maternal blood type AB vs. all other blood types (group containing blood types A, B, and O) were completed using Student’s t-tests, Mann Whitney U tests, Pearson’s chi-square tests, or Fisher’s Exact tests as statistically appropriate. Comparisons between the 4 individual blood types (AB, A, B, O) were completed using ANOVA, Pearson’s chi-square tests, or Kruskal-Wallace tests as statistically appropriate. Post-hoc multivariate linear regression was used to examine associations of interest identified on bivariate analysis. Results: A total of 3263 deliveries were reviewed between 1/1/2020 and 12/31/2022. Of these, 113 patients had blood type AB (3.46%) and 3150 had other blood types (1015 type A (31.07%), 463 type B (14.18%), 1672 type O (51.28%)). Patients with blood type AB had statistically higher age than other blood types (31.0 ± 5.2 vs. 29.9 ± 6.1, p = 0.046) and lower BMI (31.2 [interquartile range 7] vs. 33 [IQR 9.5], p = 0.009). There were no differences in nulliparity, gestational age at delivery, chronic hypertension, gestational diabetes, cholestasis of pregnancy, clinical chorioamnionitis, fetal growth restriction, stillbirth, category 2 tracing, or mode of delivery. No statistically significant differences were observed in birthweight between infants born to mothers with blood type AB (mean: 3227 grams, SD: 694 grams; p = 0.158) compared to those born to mothers with other blood types (mean: 3195 grams, SD: 734 grams; p = 0.158). The rates of NICU transfer were similar between the two groups, with 12% of infants born to blood type AB mothers requiring NICU admission compared to 17% of infants born to mothers with other blood types (p = 0.162). Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes did not significantly differ between the two groups (p &gt; 0.05). Additionally, there were no significant differences in cord arterial pH (AB: 7.26 ± 0.06 vs. others: 7.25 ± 0.07; p = 0.649) and cord venous pH (AB: 7.33 ± 0.06 vs. others: 7.32 ± 0.06; p = 0.860). Furthermore, when comparing the individual maternal blood types with 4-way comparisons, similar findings of no significance were observed for Apgar scores, cord arterial and venous pH levels, clinical chorioamnionitis diagnosis, fetal growth restriction diagnosis, stillbirth, category 2 notes, and delivery or C-section indication for category 2 tracing (p &gt; 0.05). The Kruskal Wallace test comparing birthweight between the 4 blood types showed p = 0.055. A multivariate linear regression for birthweight did not show a significant association for blood type (p = 0.201) when controlling for maternal age, BMI, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, chronic hypertension, diabetes, and gestational age. Conclusion: The impact of maternal ABO blood type on neonatal outcomes remains a topic of interest in obstetric and perinatal medicine. We have previously demonstrated newborn AB blood type is associated with significant morbidity and mortality with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), as well as a higher incidence of respiratory distress syndrome, retinopathy of prematurity, and sepsis (McMahon et al., 2019). Previous studies have independently provided evidence of adverse pregnancy outcomes for type AB mothers (Fan et al., 2023) and type AB neonates. However, there are conflicting findings regarding the association between maternal ABO blood type and neonatal outcomes. Our findings suggest that neonatal outcomes, including birthweight, NICU transfer rate, Apgar scores, cord blood pH levels, clinical chorioamnionitis, and stillbirth do not significantly differ between infants born to mothers with blood type AB and those born to mothers with other blood types. These results indicate that other factors may play a more substantial role in determining neonatal health and outcomes. Further research with additional perinatal measures is warranted to explore the potential influence of blood type and other factors on neonatal health.

Disparities in ABO blood type determination across diverse ancestries: a systematic review and validation in the All of Us Research Program.

ABO blood types have widespread clinical use and robust associations with disease. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the portability and suitability of tag single-nucleotide polymorphisms (tSNPs) used to determine ABO alleles and blood types across diverse populations in published literature. Bibliographic databases were searched for studies using tSNPs to determine ABO alleles. We calculated linkage between tSNPs and functional variants across inferred continental ancestry groups from 1000 Genomes. We compared r2 across ancestry and assessed real-world consequences by comparing tSNP-derived blood types to serology in a diverse population from the All of Us Research Program. Linkage between functional variants and O allele tSNPs was significantly lower in African (median r2 = 0.443) compared to East Asian (r2 = 0.946, P = 1.1 × 10-5) and European (r2 = 0.869, P = .023) populations. In All of Us, discordance between tSNP-derived blood types and serology was high across all SNPs in African ancestry individuals and linkage was strongly correlated with discordance across all ancestries (ρ = -0.90, P = 3.08 × 10-23). Many studies determine ABO blood types using tSNPs. However, tSNPs with low linkage disequilibrium promote misinference of ABO blood types, particularly in diverse populations. We observe common use of inappropriate tSNPs to determine ABO blood type, particularly for O alleles and with some tSNPs mistyping up to 58% of individuals. Our results highlight the lack of transferability of tSNPs across ancestries and potential exacerbation of disparities in genomic research for underrepresented populations. This is especially relevant as more diverse cohorts are made publicly available.

Association between ABO Blood Group System and the Severity of COVID-19 in the West Bank: A Case-control Study

Association between ABO Blood Group System and the Severity of COVID-19 in the West Bank: A Case-control Study

Simultaneous high throughput genotyping of 36 blood group systems using NGS based on probe capture technology

Human blood group antigen has important biological functions, and transfusion of incompatible blood can cause alloimmunization and may lead to serious hemolytic reactions. Currently, serological methods are most commonly used in blood group typing. However, this technique has certain limitations and cannot fully meet the increasing demand for the identification of blood group antigens. This study describes a next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology platform based on exon and flanking region capture probes to detect full coding exon and flanking intron regions of the 36 blood group systems, providing a new high-throughput method for the identification of blood group antigens. The 871 capture probes were designed for the exon and flanking intron sequences of 36 blood group system genes, and synchronization analysis for 36 blood groups was developed. The library for NGS was tested using the MiSeq Sequencing Reagent Kit (v2, 300 cycles) by Illumina NovaSeq, and the data were analyzed by the CLC Genomics Workbench 21.0 software. A total of 199 blood specimens have been sequenced for the 41 genes from 36 blood groups. Among them, heterozygote genotypes were found in the ABO, Rh, MNS, Lewis, Duffy, Kidd, Diego, Gerbich, Dombrock, Globoside, JR, LAN, and Landsteiner-Wiene blood group systems. Only the homozygous genotype was found in the remaining 22 blood group systems. The obtained data in the NGS method shows a good correlation (99.98 %) with those of the polymerase chain reaction-sequence-based typing. An NGS technology platform for 36 blood group systems genotyping was successfully established, which has the characteristics of high accuracy, high throughput, and wide coverage.

Associations of air pollution with acute coronary syndromes based on A/B/AB versus O blood types: case-crossover study

Short-term exposure to air pollutants may contribute to an increased risk of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). This study assessed the role of short-term exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) as well as fine and coarse PM (PM10) air pollution in ACS events and the effect of blood groups on this phenomenon. A retrospectively collected database of 9026 patients was evaluated. The study design was a case-crossover using a conditional logistic regression model. The main analysis focused on PM2.5 levels with a 1 day lag until the ACS event, using threshold-modelled predictor for all patients. Secondary analyses utilized separate threshold-modelled predictors for 2–7-days moving averages and for patients from specific ABO blood groups. Additional analysis was performed with the non-threshold models and for PM10 levels. Short-term exposure to increased PM2.5 and PM10 levels at a 1-day lag was associated with elevated risks of ACS (PM2.5: OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m3, 95% CI 1.003, 1.021; PM10: OR = 1.014 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 1.002, 1.025) for all patients. Analysis showed that exposure to PM2.5 was associated with increased risk of ACS at a 1-day lag for the A, B or AB group (OR = 1.012 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 1.001, 1.024), but not O group (OR = 1.011 per + 10 µg/m3, CI 0.994, 1.029). Additional analysis showed positive associations between exposure to PM10 and risk of ACS, with 7-days moving average models stratified by blood group revealing that exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with elevated risk of ACS for patients with group O. Short-term exposures to PM2.5 and PM10 were associated with elevated risk of ACS. Short-term exposure to PM2.5 was positively associated with the risk of ACS for patients with A, B, or AB blood groups for a 1-day lag, while risk in O group was delayed to 7 days.

Irregular red blood cell antibodies, abnormal hemoglobin and dangerous universal blood donor insights from a public blood center in a Brazilian metropolitan area

BackgroundImmunohematology tests are crucial in transfusion safety. This study aimed to assess irregular red blood cell (RBC) antibodies, abnormal hemoglobin and dangerous universal blood donors at a public blood center in a Brazilian metropolitan area. MethodsA cross-sectional study included all consecutive blood donors from January 2018 to December 2021 at the Brasília Blood Center Foundation, Federal District (FD), Brazil. ResultsAmong 205,965 blood donations, irregular RBC antibodies were found in 743 (0.4 %). Abnormal hemoglobin was observed in 5396 (2.6 %): 3959 (1.9 %) with Hb AS, 1344 (0.7 %) with Hb AC, and 93 (< 0,1 %) with other hemoglobin variants. Of O group donors, 12.5 % (9646) had hemolysins: 12.5 % (2410) both anti-A and anti-B, 8.7 % (9646) only anti-A, and 1.6 % (1763) only anti-B hemolysins. Female sex (p < 0.001) and increasing age (p < 0.001) were associated with irregular RBC antibodies. O and/or Rh(D)-positive blood groups had a lower prevalence of irregular RBC antibodies compared to other ABO and/or Rh(D)-negative groups. Age (p < 0.001) and female sex (p < 0.001) were associated with anti-A/anti-B hemolysins, while FD residency was associated with reduced incidence (p < 0.001). ConclusionAnti-A/anti-B hemolysins in O group donors, abnormal hemoglobin and irregular RBC antibodies pose risks to transfusion practice and should not be overlooked. Advancing age, female sex, ABO blood group other than O, or Rh(D)- negative are independently associated with the presence of irregular RBC antibodies. Dangerous universal blood donors were associated with advanced age, female gender, Rh(D)-positive blood type, and individuals residing in a Brazilian state other than where the blood center was located.

Association between blood groups and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery: a retrospective cohort study

Blood group is a potential genetic element in coronary artery disease. Nevertheless, the relationship between different ABO blood groups and myocardial injury after non-cardiac surgery (MINS) is poorly understood. This study verified whether ABO blood group is a potential MINS influencing factor. This retrospective cohort study included 1201 patients who underwent elective non-cardiac surgery and a mandatory troponin test on postoperative days 1 and 2 from 2019 to 2020 at a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. The primary outcome was associations between ABO blood groups and MINS, assessed using univariate and multivariate logistic-regression analyses. Path analysis was used to investigate direct and indirect effects between blood group and MINS. MINS incidence (102/1201, 8.5%) was higher in blood-type B patients than in non-B patients [blood-type B: 44/400 (11.0%) vs. non-B: 58/801 (7.2%); adjusted odds ratio = 1.57 (1.03–2.38); p = 0.036]. In the confounding factor model, preoperative hypertension and coronary artery disease medical history were associated with MINS risk [adjusted odds ratio: 2.00 (1.30–3.06), p = 0.002; 2.81 (1.71–4.61), p < 0.001, respectively]. Path analysis did not uncover any mediating role for hypertension, diabetes, or coronary artery disease between blood type and MINS. Therefore, blood-type B is associated with higher MINS risk; potential mediators of this association need to be investigated.

The Distribution Patterns of Rhesus (Rh) Antigens.

The determination of one's blood group is dictated by the inheritance-based diversity in the presence or absence of RBC antigens on the surface. Extended Rhesus (Rh) antigens are the most clinically relevant antigens of blood group systems after the ABO blood group system in transfusion medicine. The aim of this study was to serologically assess the prevalence of extended Rh antigens across diverse blood group systems. A total of 2043 samples were tested for the ABO blood group and Rh typing with monoclonal antisera. The Rh phenotyping (C, c, E, e ) was performed on all the samples. The most frequently observed ABO blood group was O (36.5%), while AB (13.6%) was identified as the least prevalent. Positive Rh D antigen was found in 91.6% of tested samples, while 8.4% were Rh D-negative. The most frequently encountered antigen was e, followed by D, while the least prevalent was E. Establishing a Rh phenotype repository for blood donors and conducting Rh phenotype assessments as part of pretransfusion testing before initiating the initial blood transfusion for each patient could significantly lower the patients' incidence of alloimmunization.

Recipient blood group does not affect hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence after living donor liver transplantation in Korea.

This study assessed whether or not the ABO blood type affects the incidence of HCC recurrence after living donor liver transplantation (LDLT). This retrospective observational study included 856 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who underwent LDLT between January 2006 and December 2016 at the Asan Medical Center. This study included 324 patients (37.9%) with blood type A, 215 (25.1%) with blood type B, 210 (24.5%) with blood type O, and 107 (12.5%) with blood type AB. ABO-incompatible LT was performed in 136 (15.9%) patients. The independent risk factors for the disease-free survival (DFS) were maximal tumor diameter, microvascular invasion, and Milan criteria. The only independent risk factor for the overall survival (OS) was microvascular invasion. The ABO blood group did not affect the DFS (P = 0.978) or OS (P = 0.261). The DFS according to the ABO blood group did not differ significantly between the ABO-compatible (p = 0.701) and ABO-incompatible LDLT recipients (p = 0.147). The DFS according to the ABO blood group did not differ significantly between patients within the Milan criteria (p = 0.934) and beyond the Milan criteria (p = 0.525). The DFS did not differ significantly between recipients with and without type A blood (p = 0.941). This study demonstrated that the ABO blood group system had no prognostic impact on the oncological outcomes of patients undergoing LT for HCC.