AA Grade Research Articles

Edible coating affects physico‐functional properties and shelf life of chicken eggs during refrigerated and room temperature storage

SummaryEffects of chitosan, whey protein concentrate (WPC), mineral oil (MO) and/or soybean oil (SO) coating on egg quality were compared at 25 and 4 °C, respectively, during 5 and 20 weeks of storage. Storage time and temperature, and type of coating significantly affected Haugh unit, yolk index, weight loss, albumen pH and emulsifying capacity. Shelf life was extended 4 weeks by MO and SO and 2 weeks by chitosan and WPC longer than that observed for noncoated eggs at 25 °C. MO‐ and SO‐coated eggs maintained AA grade for 20 weeks at 4 °C. Weight loss of SO‐coated eggs was <1% after 5 weeks at 25 °C and after 20 weeks at 4 °C. Yolk index and emulsifying capacity were more correlated at 25 °C than at 4 °C. MO and SO were more effective coating materials, with SO providing a more cost‐effective coating for extending egg shelf life.

Ingredients, Proximate Composition, Colour and Textural Properties of Commercial Malaysian Fish Balls

Fish balls are the popular value-added products in Malaysia. This study was carried out to determine quality characteristic associated with fish balls available in Malaysia markets. A total of six brands of Malaysian fish balls were collected, recorded and analyzed for list of ingredients and some physicochemical properties which include proximate composition, color and texture (folding test and Texture Profile Analysis). The results showed that there was a wide variation in the types of ingredients used in producing of fish balls. The study also reveals that there is a new trend of using surimi as substation for fish meat in Malaysian fish balls production. The price of currently fish balls varying from US$ 1.29-2.78/kg, respectively. The proximate composition from different brands of fish balls analyzed were found to b e significantly different (p<0.05). The moisture, protein, fat, ash and carbohydrate contents of fish balls samples varied between 73.80-88.71%, 7.54-9.89%, 0.13-1.75%, 1.61-3.40% and 1.17-13.58%, respectively. The color value for lightness (L), redness (a) and yellowness (b) of the fish balls also significantly different (p<0.05), ranging from 69.61 - 77.96, -2.02 - 0.33 and 15.66 - 19.70, respectively. All of samples of fish balls showed AA grade of folding test which indicated that the texture of fish balls were acceptable for consumer preference. This result showed that Malaysian fish balls produced from different manufacturers were different in ingredient used, chemical composition and color, however these differences was not effect to the folding test of the samples.

Effects of mineral oil coating on internal quality of chicken eggs under refrigerated storage

SummaryThe selected internal qualities (weight loss, Haugh unit, yolk index, and albumen pH) of noncoated and mineral oil‐coated chicken eggs during 15 weeks of storage at 4 °C and/or during 5 weeks of storage at 25 °C were evaluated. Results indicated that, without refrigeration, the noncoated and mineral oil‐coated eggs rapidly changed from AA to C and B grades as measured by Haugh unit, respectively, after 5 weeks of storage. However, the AA quality of the noncoated eggs could be maintained under refrigerated storage (4 °C) for at least 5 weeks. The mineral oil coating and refrigerated storage (4 °C) synergistically minimised weight loss and preserved the albumen and yolk qualities of chicken eggs during a long‐term storage. At 4 °C, the mineral oil‐coated eggs preserved the initial AA grade for at least 15 weeks with l.19% weight loss.

Clinical Experience of Bendamustine Treatment for Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma and Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: Spanish Registry.

Abstract 3698Poster Board III-634 IntroductionBendamustine (B) is a purine analog/alkylator hybrid that has demonstrated clinical activity in relapsed indolent non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), including those refractory to other alkylating or purine analog agents, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and multiple myeloma patients. Bendamustine is currently licensed in Germany and Switzerland for use in NHL and CLL, and in evaluation process by European Medication Agency (EMA) in other countries. AimRetrospective analysis of efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine as a single-agent or in combination for NHL and CLL treatment in the setting of compassionate use in Spain. Retrospective analysis of efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine as a single-agent or in combination for NHL and CLL treatment in the setting of compassionate use in Spain. Retrospective analysis of efficacy and toxicity of bendamustine as a single-agent or in combination for NHL and CLL treatment in the setting of compassionate use in Spain. Patients and methodsPatients with relapsed or refractory NHL or CLL after at least 1 prior treatment regimen were eligible. Any bendamustine regimen was included. Results91 patients(pts) from 18 institutions were included in the registry. The median age was 69 years (range: 36-88); male: 58%. Histology: 30 pts CLL; 16 pts aggressive NHL: pts (13 mantle cell lymphoma and 3 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma); 45 indolent NHL: (36 follicular lymphoma, 6 extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of MALT type and 3 lymphoplasmocytic lymphoma); ECOG/PS 0-1: 73%; Ann Arbor III-IV: 79% and IPI score >3: 48% in NHL, and Binnet B-C in CLL: 96%. Median time from diagnosis to Bendamustine treatment was 4,6 years (range 1-19,2) and median prior treatment regimens was 3 (range 1-11). 31 pts were refractory to prior treatment.The most frequent used regimen was Rituximab plus B (RB) independently of the histology (see table 1).Median number of Bendamustine cycles was 3 (range 1-7). 322 cycles of B were administered. 60% of de pts had adverse events grade 3-4, being hematologic toxicity the most frequent adverse event (54% neutropenia, 33% leucopenia, 29,7% thrombocytopenia, and 20% anemia). 15% cycles of B required pts admission in hospital. Sixty-nine pts were assessable for response at the time of analysis. Response rate are showed in table 1. 22 pts died (7 infection, 11 progression, 2 infection plus progression, 1 infection plus respiratory insufficiency and 1 isquemia). Table 1.Total cohortIndolent NHLCLLAggresive NHL* *mantle lymphoma onlyN91453013B mean dose (mg/m2)85,0 (10,2)87,2 (7,2)79 (11,9)87,69 (6,0)More frequent B regimen: RB (%)58,255,650,0100,0Overall response (%)63,872,736,484,6CR+ncCR (%)29,027,39,161,5N° pat with AA grade III/IV60,453,376,761,5 ConclusionsThe most common regimen was Bendamustine at dose 90 mg/m2 associated with rituximab. Treatment with B produced a high response rate, independently of the histology in this population of heavily pretreated NHL and CLL pts, including refractory to prior therapies. Treatment with B produced durable objective responses with acceptable toxicity in this population of heavily pretreated NHL and CLL pts, including refractory to prior therapies. Updated data will be presented at the meeting. Disclosures:No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

COMPARISON OF U.S. VERSUS VENEZUELAN BEEF CUTS ON COOKERY TRAITS, CONSUMER IMPRESSIONS AND SHEAR FORCE

ABSTRACT Cookery traits, consumer sensory ratings and Warner–Bratzler shear force values (WBS) for U.S. “Choice‐or‐higher” (IMPORTED) biceps femoris (BF, n = 12) and longissimus dorsii thoracis (LDT, n = 10) were compared with 15‐day‐aged equivalent cuts derived from 10 Venezuelan “AA” and 10 “A” grade steer carcasses. IMPORTED samples required shorter (P &lt; 0.05) cooking times. IMPORTED LDT received the highest sensory scores, different (P &lt; 0.01) from Venezuelan equivalents. IMPORTED LDT and BF generated higher levels of consumer acceptability (80% and 56%, respectively). IMPORTED had lower (P = 0.05) WBS (2.67 kg) compared with Venezuelan counterparts (3.53 and 3.15 kg for A and AA grade, respectively), and exhibited a superior proportion (94%) of tender steaks. U.S. imported beef was more desirable to the consumers, had lower WBS, required less cooking time and generated a greater proportion of tender steaks compared with steaks from domestic Venezuelan carcasses.PRACTICAL APPLICATIONSThis comparison of Venezuelan beef in palatability attributes and consumer acceptance to imported U.S. beef is useful information for Venezuelan cattlemen who need to know how competitive they are and if their production can satisfy Venezuelan hotels, restaurants and other food service institutions that demand meat with superior eating quality. In fact, this information would be a great opportunity for Venezuelan cattlemen to establish strategic alliances and developing their own standards in order to improve their production.

Evaluasi Mutu Bunga Potong Krisan Yellow Fiji Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra

The domestic and export market of chrysanthemum cut-flower require a prime and consistent cuality. Meanwhile, manual grading system based on human vision resulting in quality inconsistentcy. The objective of this study was to develop computer program for quality evaluation of Yellow Fiji chysanthemum cut-flower using image processing. The cut-flowers were classified into different quality standards (AA,A.B.C) based on the steam length and straightness, and flower diameter. Then results indicated a strong relationship between quality parameters extracted from the image and those obtained from direct meaurement for grade AA,A,B and C with R2=0.98, R2=0.97, R2=0.97, and R2=0.98 respectively for length of stem. Also with R2=0.90, R2=0.87, R2=88, and R2=88 respectively for diamter of flower. The validation of the computer program for the quality evaluation of Yellow Fiji chrysanthemum cut-flower performed a hight a ccuracy of 100% for AA grade, 90% for A grade, 85% for B grade, and 100% for C grade. Keyword: chrysanthemum, image processing, quality evaluation Diterima: 12 Juni 2006; Disetujui: 21 Nopember 2006

Selection for bean and liquor qualities within related hybrids of Arabica coffee in multilocal field trials

Summary The success of a new variety of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.) depends to an important extent on its liquor and bean qualities. Selection for these traits is however constrained by the prevalence of large genotype-by-environment (G×E) interactions in conjunction with the low genetic variability characteristic of this species. The aim of this study was to assess the extent to which key bean and liquor traits are affected by the environments and could be combined in order to improve the efficiency of selection for coffee quality in a narrow genetic basis set of hybrids obtained from a set of related lines and collectively representing the Ruiru 11 cultivar. Twenty-one full-sib families representative of this hybrid cultivar grown in Kenya in five sites exhibiting strong edaphic and climatic differences were used for the study. Rainfall amounts during various phases of berry development were used to explain the differences observed in the discriminating abilities of the locations for bean and liquor traits. The results showed that these families were best differentiated for bean sizes in the site where moisture supply was optimal throughout berry expansion and filling stages, whereas discrimination on the basis of liquor traits were best observed in the site where moderate moisture stress occurred during bean filling stage. The overall precision in prediction of family values was low for liquor qualities; but a much more efficient selection for large bold beans, optimally based on the AA grade was shown to be possible. Selection indices for family selection were computed to realize a trade-off between genetic gains in bean size and liquor flavour.

Intrinsic radiation sensitivity may not be the major determinant of the poor clinical outcome of glioblastoma multiforme

Purpose : Many radiobiologic mechanisms may contribute to the clinical radiation resistance of Glioblastoma Multiforme. One of them is considered to be an unusually low intrinsic radiation sensitivity. This is a collaborative study between three laboratories to evaluate the intrinsic radiation sensitivity of 85 cell lines derived from human malignant gliomas as the major cause of the poor clinical results of radiation treatment to these tumors. Methods and Materials : Fifty-one cell lines were early passage. The distribution by histologic type was: 58 glioblastoma, 17 anaplastic astrocytoma, six oligodendroglioma and four astrocytoma grade 2. The intrinsic radiation sensitivity will be expressed by the surviving fraction at 2 Gy (SF 2). The SF 2 has been determined for single dose irradiation for cell lines on exponential phase, under aerobic conditions, growing on plastic. The patient age, Karnofski Status, histological grade, survival, dose of irradiation for 50 patients are investigated for correlation with SF 2 of the corresponding newly established cell lines. Results : The mean SF 2 of the 85 cell lines was 0.46 (0.12 – 0.87). The mean SF 2 by histologic type was 0.50, 0.34, 0.54 and 0.38 for glioblastoma, anaplastic astrocytoma, oligodendroglioma and astrocytoma grade 2 cell lines, respectively. No correlation was found between SF 2 and the patient age or Karnofski status. The difference in SF 2 between the 58 glioblastoma and 17 anaplastic astrocytoma cell lines was significant p = 0.002. The difference in actuarial survival between glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma patients was borderline of significance ( p = 0.08). The difference in SF 2 of cell lines derived from these two groups of patients was of borderline significance ( p = 0.08). The difference in radiation sensitivity for anaplastic astrocytoma and glioblastoma cell lines was clearly reflected in the difference in survival for the two groups of patients from where the cell lines were derived. However, no correlation was found between SF 2 and survival within each grade. In a multivariate analysis the age, grade and Karnofski status were found to be significant prognostic values for survival with a p values of 0.032, 0.03 and 0.038, respectively, however, the In SF 2 was not significant ( p = 0.40). The mean SF 2 of the 6 oligodendroglioma cell lines (0.54) was comparable to that of glioblastoma multiforme (0.50). The high SF 2 for oligodendroglioma does not accord with the much better clinical outcome of these tumors. Conclusions : These data on 85 malignant glioma cell lines show a very broad distribution of SFZ values for irradiation in vitro. SF 2 reflected the difference in sensitivity between AA (Grade 3) and GBM (Grade 4). This may suggest that the parameter SF 2 is useful to discriminate between the sensitivity of different grades or types of histology in vitro. However, SF 2 was not a predictor of the clinical outcome on individual basis for malignant gliomas. The in vitro studies will need to be supplemented by physiologic characterization of the tumors in vivo. Such conclusions would limit the predictive value of current radiation sensitivity assays based on in vitro dose-survival measurement for at least high grade malignant gliomas.