The mechanical pulsed hardening of VT5 α-titanium alloy in the course of the friction contact of the working surface with a special tool in various technological media significantly increases its resistance to cavitation-erosion wear. Moreover, the corrosion-electrochemical characteristics remain high and the microhardness of the surface becomes 2–2.5 times higher. This leads to the increase in the cavitation-erosion resistance of the material. The obtained effect depends on the composition of the applied technological medium. The liquid intended for carbonization proves to be more efficient for increasing the wear resistance of the alloy than the PMS-100 liquid.