Differential cross sections and polarization observables for the elastic and inelastic scattering of 800-MeV protons on 16O and 20Ne nuclei are calculated on the basis of the theory of multiple diffractive scattering and the α-cluster model involving dispersion. The single-particle nucleon-density distributions obtained within the α-cluster model involving dispersion are used in the calculations. The differential cross sections and polarization calculated for elastic and inelastic p16O and p20Ne scattering are compatible with available experimental data. The spin-rotation functions calculated for elastic p16O and p20Ne scattering within the independent-nucleon model differ qualitatively from their counterparts calculated within the α-cluster model involving dispersion.