A Body Shape Index Research Articles

Association of adiposity indices with prehypertension among Chinese adults: A cross-sectional study.

The association of adiposity indices with prehypertension remains unclear in the Chinese non-hypertensive population. This study aimed to compare the association of adiposity indices, including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio, body roundness index (BRI), a body shape index (ABSI), and conicity index (CI), and prehypertension in the Chinese population. We recruited 61475 participants from a population-based screening project in Guangdong province, China. Multiple logistic regression analyses were performed to detect the association between the six adiposity indices and prehypertension. Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was used to evaluate the predictive values of adiposity indices to prehypertension. The individuals were divided into two categories by blood pressure (BP) levels: normotension(<120/80mmHg) and prehypertension (120-139/80-89mmHg). A total of 33233 people had prehypertension, with a prevalence of 54.04% and 42% males. Both logistics regression models presented a positive association between each adiposity index and prehypertension (p<.05), except for ABSI. The body mass index (BMI) was slightly more correlated with prehypertension than any other index. The standardized ORs for the six indices were 1.392, 1.361, 1.406, 1.039, 1.372, and 1.151, respectively. Compared to other adiposity indices, the WC had a significantly higher area under the curve (AUC) for predicting prehypertension (AUC: .619, sensitivity: 57%, specificity: 60.6%). In conclusion, WC and BMI might be the best indicators for prehypertension. Increasing evidence supports avoiding obesity as a preferred primary prevention strategy for prehypertension while controlling other major hypertension risk factors.

Allometric body shape indices, type 2 diabetes and kidney function: A two-sample Mendelian randomization study.

To examine the association between body mass index (BMI)-independent allometric body shape indices and kidney function. We performed a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, using summary statistics from UK Biobank, CKDGen and DIAGRAM. BMI-independent allometric body shape indices were: A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Waist-Hip Index (WHI) and Hip Index (HI). Kidney function outcomes were: urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), estimated glomerular filtration rate and blood urea nitrogen. Furthermore, we investigated type 2 diabetes (T2D) as a potential mediator on the pathway to albuminuria. The main analysis was inverse variance-weighted random-effects MR in participants of European ancestry. We also performed several sensitivity MR analyses. A 1-standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted ABSI and WHI levels was associated with higher UACR (β= 0.039 [95% confidence interval: 0.016, 0.063] log [UACR], P= 0.001 for ABSI, and β= 0.028 [0.012, 0.044] log [UACR], P= 6 x 10-4 for WHI) in women, but not in men. Meanwhile, a 1-SD increase in genetically predicted HI was associated with lower UACR in women (β= -0.021 [-0.041, 0.000] log [UACR], P= 0.05) and in men (β= -0.026 [-0.058, 0.005] log [UACR], P= 0.10). Corresponding estimates in individuals with diabetes were substantially augmented. Risk of T2D increased for genetically high ABSI and WHI in women (P< 6 x 10-19 ) only, but decreased for genetically high HI in both sexes (P< 9 x 10-3 ). No other associations were observed. Genetically high HI was associated with decreased risk of albuminuria, mediated through decreased T2D risk in both sexes. Opposite associations applied to genetically high ABSI and WHI in women only.

The association of dietary insulin load and dietary insulin index with body composition among professional soccer players and referees

BackgroundThere has been limited research undertaken about the association of dietary insulin load (DIL) and dietary insulin index (DII) with body composition in non-athletic adults, however, to the best of our knowledge No previous study has investigated such an association in an athletic population.PurposeThe aim of this study was to explore the association of DII and DIL with body compositions in male and female soccer players and referees.MethodsThe cross-sectional study was conducted on 199 professional male and female soccer players and referees. A 147-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was adopted to congregate the participants’ dietary data. Body composition was measured using InBody to gain a detailed understanding of fat mass, percent body fat (PBF), lean mass, percent muscle mass (PMM), and bone mineral content (BMC). Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were obtained from all participants. Other body composition parameters include a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), body adiposity index (BAI), body roundness index (BRI), conicity index (CI), weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) and waist-to-hip-to-height ratio (WHHR) were calculated using a particular defined formula.ResultsResults of multiple linear regression revealed that there is a significant association between DIL and BMI (P = 0.04) in < 18 male soccer players, CI (P = 0.04) and WWI (P = 0.03) in ≥ 18 female soccer players, PBF (P = 0.02), PMM (P = 0.01) and WWI (P = 0.01) in ≥ 18 female soccer players. Nevertheless, no significant associations between DIL and body composition parameters were found in the referees. Additionally, there is a significant association between DII and BMC (P = 0.02) in male soccer referees, however, no significant associations were found in young soccer players and female athletes.ConclusionThis study demonstrates that DIL is positively associated with BMI, CI, and WWI in male soccer players and PBF, and WWI in female soccer players. Although, there was an observed negative association between DIL and PMM in females. In addition, a significant negative association between DII and BMC was observed in male soccer players.

Relationship between novel anthropometric indices and the incidence of hypertension in Chinese individuals: a prospective cohort study based on the CHNS from 1993 to 2015

Background:Recently, novel anthropometric indices (AHIs), including the body roundness index (BRI) and a body shape index (ABSI), were proposed to evaluate a subject’s nutritional status and metabolic disorders. In the present study, we mainly analyzed the relationship between AHIs and the incidence of hypertension and preliminarily compared their abilities to discriminate hypertension incidence in the Chinese population from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS).Methods:A total of 12,154 participants were included in this longitudinal study. The age range of this cohort was 18–94 years old (mean age: 40.73 ± 13.85 years old). 4511 participants developed hypertension during a median of 7.00 years of follow-up. Cox regression analysis, stratified analysis, and interaction tests were used to analyze the relationship between AHIs and the incidence of hypertension. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) and net reclassification index (NRI) were calculated to appraise the AHIs’ discrimination value of new-onset hypertension.Results:Kaplan‒Meier curves demonstrated that the participants in higher quartiles of AHIs (ABSI or BRI) at baseline were at greater risk of hypertension incidence during the follow-up. After adjusting for confounding factors, multivariate Cox regression models showed that the quartiles of BRI were significantly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the whole cohort but were relatively weak for ABSI quartiles (P for trend = 0.387). In addition, ABSI z score (HR = 1.08, 95% CI: 1.04–1.11) and BRI z score (HR = 1.27, 95% CI: 1.23–1.30) were positively associated with increased incident hypertension in the total population. Stratified analysis and interaction tests showed a greater risk of new-onset hypertension in those < 40 years old (HR = 1.43, 95% CI: 1.35–1.50) for each z score increase in BRI and a higher incidence of hypertension in participants who were drinkers (HR = 1.10, 95% CI: 1.04–1.14) for each z score increase in ABSI. In addition, we observed that the area under the curve for identifying hypertension incidence for BRI was significantly higher than that for ABSI at 4, 7, 11, 12, and 15 years (all P < 0.05). However, the AUC of both indices decreased over time. Furthermore, the addition of BRI improved the differentiation and reclassification of traditional risk factors with a continuous NRI of 0.201 (95% CI: 0.169–0.228) and an IDI of 0.021 (95% CI: 0.015–0.028).Conclusion:Increased ABSI and BRI were associated with an increased risk of hypertension in Chinese individuals. BRI performed better than ABSI in identifying the new onset of hypertension, and the discrimination ability of both indices decreased over time.

Central obesity as assessed by conicity index and a-body shape index associates with cardiovascular risk factors and mortality in kidney failure patients.

Anthropometric indices of central obesity, waist circumference (WC), conicity index (CI), and a-body shape index (ABSI), are prognostic indicators of cardiovascular (CV) risk. The association of CI and ABSI with other CV risk indices, markers of nutritional status and inflammation, and clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 5 (CKD5) patients was investigated. In a cross-sectional study with longitudinal follow up of 203 clinically stable patients with CKD5 (median age 56 years; 68% males, 17% diabetics, 22% with CV disease, and 39% malnourished), we investigated CI and ABSI and their associations with atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), Framingham CV risk score (FRS), Agatston scoring of coronary artery calcium (CAC) and aortic valve calcium (AVC), handgrip strength (HGS), high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). CV events (CVE) and all-cause mortality during up to 10-years follow up were analyzed by multivariate survival analysis of restricted mean survival time (RMST). Chronic kidney disease patients with middle and highest CI and ABSI tertiles (indicating greater abdominal fat deposition), compared to those with the lowest CI and ABSI tertiles, tended to be older, more often men and diabetic, had significantly higher levels of hsCRP, IL-6, AIP, FRS, CAC and AVC scores. CI and ABSI were positively correlated with CAC, FRS, AIP, hsCRP and IL-6. Both CI and ABSI were negatively correlated with HGS. In age-weighted survival analysis, higher CI and ABSI were associated with higher risk of CVE (Wald test = 4.92, p = 0.027; Wald test = 4.95, p = 0.026, respectively) and all-cause mortality (Wald test = 5.24, p = 0.022; Wald test = 5.19, p = 0.023, respectively). In RMST analysis, low vs. high and middle tertiles of CI and ABSI associated with prolonged CVE-free time and death-free time, and these differences between groups increased over time. Abdominal fat deposit indices, CI and ABSI, predicted CV outcomes and all-cause mortality, and were significantly associated with the inflammatory status in CKD patients.

The relationship of reproductive factors with adiposity and body shape indices changes overtime: findings from a community-based study

BackgroundStudies focusing on the relationships of adiposity and body shape indices with reproductive factors have reported conflicting results. This study aimed to investigate the influence of reproductive factors on adiposity and body shape indices changes overtime.Materials and methodsIn this community-based prospective study, 1636 postmenopausal women were selected from Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). The unadjusted and adjusted Generalized Estimating Equation models (GEE) were applied to investigate secular longitudinal trends of adiposity and body shape indices.ResultsAccording to the adjusted GEE models, mean changes in body mass index (BMI) in women with early menarche was 1.18 kg/m2 higher than those with normal menarche age (P = 0.030). Moreover, the mean changes in BMI overtime were 0.11 kg/m2 higher in women with premature/early menopausal age than those with normal menopausal age (P = 0.012). Mean changes of waist circumference (WC) in women with late menopause were 2.27 cm higher than those with normal menopausal age (P = 0.036). We also observed higher mean changes in a body shape index (ABSI) in women with late menopause (P = 0.037), compared to those with normal menopausal age. We found a marginal effect of parity on BMI and WC as well.ConclusionsThis study demonstrated higher BMI in females with earlier menarche age. We also showed higher values of BMI overtime in women with premature/ early menopause, whereas women with late menopausal age had higher WC and ABSI values. However, more longitudinal studies investigating body composition indices by adjusting all potential confounders are still required to confirm our study findings.

Metabolic Deregulations in Patients with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) contributes to endocrine and metabolic complications for women worldwide. The aim of this study was to establish the usefulness of new anthropometric indices and atherogenic indices in the evaluation of metabolic disorders, in particular, glucose and insulin abnormalities in the profiles of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). In the study, a total of 49 women with PCOS aged between 18 and 39 years were recruited. All patients were tested for fasting glucose and insulin, lipid parameters, oral-glucose administration, and biochemical parameters. All of them underwent anthropometric measurements, such as BMI (body mass index), WHR (waist-to-hip ratio), WHtR (waist-to-height ratio), BAI (body adiposity index), VAI (visceral adiposity index), LAP (lipid accumulation product), BRI (body roundness index), ABSI (A body shape index), AIP (atherogenic risk of plasma), AC (atherogenic coefficient), Castelli risk index-I, Castelli risk index-II and (LCI) lipoprotein combine index, TG/HDL-C ratio, METS-IR (The metabolic score of insulin resistance), triglyceride glucose index (TyG index), triglyceride glucose-body mass index (TyG-BMI index) and triglyceride glucose-waist circumference index (TyG-WC index) were calculated. The analyzed anthropometric measurements/indices and atherogenic indices demonstrated significant correlations in PCOS women. T A strong relationship was found between fasting glucose, fasting insulin, glucose after 60 min, HOMA-IR index in the patients with PCOS. There was no significant relationship between HbA1c and other analyzed parameters and indices. Most of the analyzed anthropometric and atherogenic indices may be useful tools in evaluating metabolic disorders, and, in particular, glucose and insulin abnormalities in PCOS women.

Obesity- and lipid-related indices as a predictor of obesity metabolic syndrome in a national cohort study.

Metabolic syndrome is a common condition among middle-aged and elderly people. Recent studies have reported the association between obesity- and lipid-related indices and metabolic syndrome, but whether those conditions could predict metabolic syndrome is still inconsistent in a few longitudinal studies. In our study, we aimed to predict metabolic syndrome by obesity- and lipid-related indices in middle-aged and elderly Chinese adults. A national cohort study that consisted of 3,640 adults (≥45 years) was conducted. A total of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), conicity index (CI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), Chinese visceral adiposity index (CVAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and triglyceride glucose index (TyG-index) and its correlation index (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR), were recorded. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) was defined based on the criteria of the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (2005). Participants were categorized into two groups according to the different sex. Binary logistic regression analyses were used to evaluate the associations between the 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices and MetS. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve studies were used to identify the best predictor of MetS. A total of 13 obesity- and lipid-related indices were independently associated with MetS risk, even after adjustment for age, sex, educational status, marital status, current residence, history of drinking, history of smoking, taking activities, having regular exercises, and chronic diseases. The ROC analysis revealed that the 12 obesity- and lipid-related indices included in the study were able to discriminate MetS [area under the ROC curves (AUC > 0.6, P < 0.05)] and ABSI was not able to discriminate MetS [area under the ROC curves (AUC < 0.6, P > 0.05)]. The AUC of TyG-BMI was the highest in men, and that of CVAI was the highest in women. The cutoff values for men and women were 187.919 and 86.785, respectively. The AUCs of TyG-BMI, CVAI, TyG-WC, LAP, TyG-WHtR, BMI, WC, WHtR, BRI, VAI, TyG index, CI, and ABSI were 0.755, 0.752, 0.749, 0.745, 0.735, 0.732, 0.730, 0.710, 0.710, 0.674, 0.646, 0.622, and 0.537 for men, respectively. The AUCs of CVAI, LAP, TyG-WC, TyG-WHtR, TyG-BMI, WC, WHtR, BRI, BMI, VAI, TyG-index, CI, and ABSI were 0.687, 0.674, 0.674, 0.663, 0.656, 0.654, 0.645, 0.645, 0.638, 0.632, 0.607, 0.596, and 0.543 for women, respectively. The AUC value for WHtR was equal to that for BRI in predicting MetS. The AUC value for LAP was equal to that for TyG-WC in predicting MetS for women. Among middle-aged and older adults, all obesity- and lipid-related indices, except ABSI, were able to predict MetS. In addition, in men, TyG-BMI is the best indicator to indicate MetS, and in women, CVAI is considered the best hand to indicate MetS. At the same time, TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, and TyG-WHtR performed better than BMI, WC, and WHtR in predicting MetS in both men and women. Therefore, the lipid-related index outperforms the obesity-related index in predicting MetS. In addition to CVAI, LAP showed a good predictive correlation, even more closely than lipid-related factors in predicting MetS in women. It is worth noting that ABSI performed poorly, was not statistically significant in either men or women, and was not predictive of MetS.

Evaluation of Arterial Stiffness and Its Relation to Innovative Anthropometric Indices in Persian Adults.

BMI has been evaluated as an old criterion to evaluate obesity in individuals, but it does not assess abdominal obesity and lean mass. We aimed to evaluate the possible relationship of new anthropometric indices (namely, a body shape index (ABSI), the body roundness index (BRI), the visceral adiposity index (VAI), the visceral fat area (VFA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR)), with one of the known critical factors of atherosclerosis, arterial stiffness. Overall 5921 individuals were enrolled and were divided into four groups according to BMI. Novel anthropometric parameters including, ABSI, BRI, VAI, VFA, and WHR were calculated. The carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV) was used to evaluate arterial stiffness. Multiple regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between cf-PWV and innovative Anthropometric indices. This study population consisted of 3109 women and 2812 males. In men with overweight, cf-PWV was significantly related to BMI, ABSI, BRI, WC, VAI, VFA, and WHR. However, among men with obesity, cf-PWV was associated with BRI, VAI, and VFA. Among women with overweight, cf-PWV was also related to all mentioned indices except ABSI; although, cf-PWV was only associated with VFA and WHR in women with obesity. Our results showed that VFA in women and VAI in men are strongly related to arterial stiffness and can be used to identify predictors of vascular disease or organic vascular dysfunction.

Association between a body shape index and abdominal aortic calcification in general population: A cross-sectional study.

The association between a body shape index (ABSI) and abdominal aortic calcification (AAC) is still unclear, so we tried to prove the association between ABSI and AAC in the general population in this cross-sectional study. After excluding participants with missing data on height, weight, waist circumference (WC), and AAC, we finally selected 3,140 participants aged 40-80 years from the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Using multivariate logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves to test the association between ABSI and AAC. Participants (median age: 58.0 years; 48.3% men) were divided into two groups by the optimal cutoff point of ABSI: higher ABSI (> 0.84) and lower ABSI (≤ 0.84). Participants with higher ABSI showed significantly higher proportion of AAC than those with lower ABSI (39.8 vs. 23.7%, P < 0.001). Participants with higher ABSI had an increased risk of developing AAC in crude model (ABSI as a continuous variable: OR = 2.485, 95% CI: 2.099-2.942, P < 0.001; as a categorical variable: OR = 2.132, 95% CI: 1.826-2.489, P < 0.001), and ABSI was still independently associated with AAC in all adjusted models (all P < 0.05). Further subgroup analyses showed that higher ABSI was consistently associated with AAC in subgroups with sex (male or female), age (≤ 65 or > 65 years), smoking history (yes or no), hypertension (yes or no), diabetes (yes or no), sleep disorder (yes or no), body mass index (BMI) (< 23 or ≥ 23 kg/m2), systolic blood pressure (< 140 or ≥ 140 mmHg), diastolic blood pressure (< 90 or ≥ 90 mmHg), fasting plasma glucose (< 126 or ≥ 126 mg/dL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (≤ 130 or > 130 mg/dL) (P for interaction > 0.05). While in other subgroups, the association was no longer synchronized. The ROC showed that the area under the curve of ABSI was significantly higher than height, weight, BMI, WC, and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR). Higher ABSI was closely associated with higher risk of AAC, and discriminant ability of ABSI for AAC was significantly higher than height, weight, BMI, WC, and WHtR.

Predictive ability of traditional and novel anthropometric measurement indices for cardio-metabolic diseases in Chinese adults: China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) cohort study

Background and aimsCardio-metabolic diseases has been shown to be strongly associated with obesity. The aim of this study was to compare the predictive value of traditional and novel anthropometric measurement indices for cardio-metabolic diseases risk and evaluate whether new indicators can provide important information in addition to traditional indicators. Methods and resultsChina Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) data were obtained for this study. Baseline information for healthy participants was gathered from 1997 to 2004. The incidence of cardio-metabolic diseases was collected from 2009 to 2015 for cohort analysis. The predictive ability of each index for the risk of cardio-metabolic diseases was evaluated with time-dependent ROC analysis. Body mass index (BMI) showed the greatest predictive ability for cardio-metabolic disease incidence among all traditional and novel indices (Harrell's C statistic (95% CI): 0.7386 (0.7266–0.7507) for hypertension, 0.7496 (0.7285–0.7706) for diabetes, 0.7895 (0.7593–0.8196) for stroke and 0.7581 (0.7193–0.7969) for myocardial infarction). The addition of novel indices separately into the BMI model did not improve the predictive ability. Novel anthropometric measurement indices such as a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI) and triponderal mass index (TMI), had a certain prediction ability for adults with BMI <24 kg/m2 compared to those with BMI ≥24 kg/m2. ConclusionNo strong evidence supports novel anthropometric measurement indices were better than BMI in the prediction of cardio-metabolic diseases incidence among Chinese adults. Novel anthropometric measurement indices, mainly for abdominal obesity, may have a high predictive effect for adults with BMI <24 kg/m2.

Association between Anthropometric Measurements and Vascular Disease: A Cross Sectional Study

The aim of this article is to assess the most studied anthropometric measurements in a population of patients with vascular disease (VD) such as chronic venous disease (CVD), carotid stenosis (CS), abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA), and peripheral artery disease (PAD). This is a cross sectional study that recruited consecutive patients with VD (CVD, CS, AAA, PAD) referred to Vascular Surgery Units of two hospitals in the period July 2019–March 2022. Several anthropometric measurements such as height, weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, waist-to-BMI, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), waist-to-stature ratio (WSR) were recorded. In a one-way ANOVA test, no statistical significance for all anthropometric variables were found, but the post hoc analysis performed with Tuckey test, show significant difference for height (p-value: 0.017) and WHR (p-value: 0.005) when compared AAA and CS groups with CVD, respectively. Height seems positively associated with AAA, and negatively associated with CVD. WHR seems positively associated with CS and negatively associated with CVD. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of anthropometric measures as independent predictors for vascular disease onset, progression, and response to treatments.

Mental Health and Sleep Disorders in Obese Patients, Their Relationship with Clinical and Pathogenetic Changes in the Organism and Impact on Quality of Life

In the world the problem of obesity is an important aspect in the non-infectious diseases progression. It is known, that 95% of the pathogenic factor for the obesity development depends on the changes caused by neurochemical, hormonal and metabolic mechanisms that occur by depression, anxiety, eating disorders, circadian rhythms and sleepiness. The objective: to determine the psychosocial features and their relationship with clinical and pathogenetic changes in obese patients of working age. Materials and methods. 75 patients with obesity of the 1st and 2d degrees (39.03±0.93 years old) and 75 practically healthy persons of the corresponding age (36.84±0.96 years old) were examined. Waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), body surface area (BSA), waist/hip ratio (WHR), conicity index (ConI), a body shape index (ABSI), abdominal volume index (AVI), blood pressure, blood levels of glucose, insulin, index HOMA, cholesterol, lipidogram indicators, serotonin, and leptin were determined in the patients. The psychological status was assessed by Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), the Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the patient’s quality of life – by 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36). The statistical analysis was conducted by IBM SPSS Statistics, Statistica 12, descriptive statistics Excel 2010. Results. The patients of the studied group, unlike the control group, had significantly higher indices of WC, HC, BMI, WHR, ConI, ABSI, AVI, HOMA index, blood pressure, glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, lipidogram, leptin and the lower level of serotonin. This was accompanied with clinically expressed anxiety of depression which led to eating disorders (a tendency “to eat emotions”, to overeat when food is available, a habit to eat without restrictions), sleep disorders (excessive day time sleepiness, low quality of sleep) and reduced quality of life. The results of correlation analysis indicate a strong or moderate positive correlation between obesity indices, glucose level, lipidogram, atherogenicity index, HOMA index, scores of depression and anxiety scales, as well as strong negative correlation with ABSI index, high density lipoproteins, serotonin. In addition, a positive correlation was found between leptin level and scores of depression and anxiety scales, scores of eating behavior, sleepiness, and a negative correlation was determined between these indices and serotonin level. Conclusions. The patients of the studied group (100.0 %) had abdominal obesity. Among the anthropometric indices ABSI and AVI ones were the most significant and informative for determination of abdominal obesity in gender aspect, this can be an alternative for MRI diagnosis of visceral obesity at the level of primary medical care. A close relationship between abdominal obesity with psycho-emotional disorders, disorders of sleep and eat behavior, metabolic disorders, leptin and serotonin levels was determined. Taking into account these interrelationships in a patient-centered management in persons with obesity will improve the quality of medical care.

The effect of a body shape index (ABSI) and its interaction with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on osteoporosis in elderly Chinese

BackgroundBoth obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) contribute to osteoporosis risk, but the effect of a newly developed index (e.g., a body shape index, ABSI) of central obesity and its interaction with low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on osteoporosis remains unknown. MethodsA total of 2534 Chinese individuals were enrolled in our ongoing cohort study: Osteoporosis Preventive Project. ABSI and eGFR were calculated as obesity-related indexes and renal function markers, respectively. A logistic regression model was used to estimate the association between osteoporosis and related clinical parameters (e.g., ABSI, eGFR), and to assess the additive and multiplicative interactions between risk factors and osteoporosis. Relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (SI) were calculated to assess the additive interaction. ResultsHigh ABSI was significantly associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis in participants compared with the lowest quartile of ABSI in both crude and adjusted models. Individuals in the lower quartiles of eGFR had a significantly increased risk of osteoporosis compared with those in the highest quartiles in crude models. After adding age and other variables in the model, the association was abolished. In addition, after adjusting for variables, high ABSI with low eGFR (RERI: 0.45, 95% CI: 0.15–0.75; AP: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17–0.60) still displayed a noticeable interaction on the risk of osteoporosis. The multiplicative interactive effect between high ABSI with low eGFR on osteoporosis was statistically significant in the multivariable-adjusted model (P < 0.05). ConclusionOur study indicated that higher ABSI increases the risk of osteoporosis independently and synergistically with low eGFR in Chinese elderly adults. The findings increase our understanding of the interactions of osteoporosis risk factors and may help provide potential interventions for osteoporosis.

Association of Body Shape Index with Cerebral Small Vessel Disease

Introduction: A body shape index (ABSI) is an anthropometric index designed to reflect the influence of visceral fat. ABSI has been previously associated with various atherosclerosis, metabolic diseases, and cardiovascular diseases; however, relatively few studies have been conducted on cerebrovascular disease. In this study, we evaluated the association between ABSI and cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) in health check-up participants. Methods: We evaluated consecutive health check-up participants between January 2006 and December 2013. As subtypes of cSVD, we quantitatively measured the volume of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and qualitatively measured the presence of silent brain infarct (SBI) and cerebral microbleed (CMB). ABSI was calculated according to the following formula: ABSI (m^11/6/kg^−2/3) = waist circumference (m)/(body mass index [kg/m²]^2/3 × height [m]^1/2). Results: A total of 3,219 health check-up participants were assessed (median age, 56 years; male sex, 54.0%). In the multivariable analysis, ABSI was significantly associated with WMH volume (β = 0.107, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.013–0.200), SBI (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.62, 95% CI = 1.14–2.31), and CMB (aOR = 1.64, 95% CI = 1.16–2.33) after adjusting for confounders (per 100 m^11/6/kg^−2/3). Furthermore, ABSI showed a dose-response relationship with the burden of each cSVD pathology. Conclusions: High ABSI was associated with a higher burden of cSVD in health check-up participants. As ABSI showed close associations with all subtypes of cSVD, visceral fat may be a common risk factor penetrating cSVD pathologies.

Data mining approaches for type 2 diabetes mellitus prediction using anthropometric measurements

The aim of this study was to evaluate the anthropometric measurements most associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) using machine learning approaches. A prospective study was designed for a total population of 9354 (43% men and 57% women) aged 35-65. Anthropometric measurements include weight, height, demispan, Hip Circumference (HC), Mid-arm Circumference (MAC), Waist Circumference (WC), Body Roundness Index (BRI), Body Adiposity Index (BAI), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist-to-height Ratio (WHtR), and Waist-to-hip Ratio (WHR) were completed for all participants. The association was assessed using logistic regression (LR) and decision tree (DT) analysis. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was performed to evaluate the DT's accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity using R software. Traditionally, 1461 women and 875 men with T2DM (T2DM group). According to the LR, in males, WC and BIA (p-value < 0.001) and in females, demispan and WC (p-value < 0.001) had the highest correlation with T2DM development risk. The DT indicated that WC has the most crucial effect on T2DM development risk, followed by HC, and BAI. Our results showed that in both men and women, WC was the most important anthropometric factor to predict T2DM.

Assessing metabolic syndrome prediction quality using seven anthropometric indices among Jordanian adults: a cross-sectional study

Metabolic syndrome (MSyn) is a considerable health concern in developing and developed countries, and it is a critical predictor of all-cause mortality. Obesity, specifically central obesity, is highly associated with MSyn incidence and development. In this study, seven anthropometric indices (Body Mass Index (BMI), Waist circumference (WC), Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), A Body Shape Index (ABSI), Body Roundness Index (BRI), conicity index (CI), and the Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI)) were used to identify individuals with MSyn among the Jordanian population. These indices were assessed to identify their superiority in predicting the risk of MSyn. A total of 756 subjects (410 were male and 346 were female) were met between May 2018 and September 2019 and enrolled in this study. Height, weight, and waist circumferences were measured and BMI, WHtR, ABSI, BRI, CI, and VAI were calculated. Fasting plasma glucose level, lipid profile, and blood pressure were measured. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the discriminatory power of the anthropometric indices as classifiers for MSyn presence using the Third Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) definition. MSyn prevalence was 42.5%, and obese women and men have a significantly higher prevalence. BRI and WHtR showed the highest ability to predict MSyn (AUC = 0.83 for both indices). The optimal cutoff point for an early diagnosis of MSyn was > 28.4 kg/m2 for BMI, > 98.5 cm for WC, > 5.13 for BRI, > 0.09 m11/6 kg−2/3 for ABSI, > 5.55 cm2 for AVI, > 1.33 m3/2 kg−1/2 for CI, and > 0.59 for WHtR with males having higher cutoff points for MSyn early detection than females. In conclusion, we found that WHtR and BRI may be the best-suggested indices for MSyn prediction among Jordanian adults. These indices are affordable and might result in better early detection for MSyn and thereby may be helpful in the prevention of MSyn and its complications.

A Body Shape Index (ABSI) as a Variant of Conicity Index Not Affected by the Obesity Paradox: A Cross-Sectional Study Using Arterial Stiffness Parameter.

A body shape index (ABSI) is an abdominal obesity index developed based on epidemiological statistics and designed to correlate minimally with body mass index (BMI). We examined the approximation between ABSI and other abdominal obesity indices based on biophysical concepts. The cross-sectional data from 62,514 Japanese urban residents were analyzed. Body adiposity indices comprising BMI, waist circumference (WC), ABSI, conicity index (CI), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and WC/BMI ratio were examined. ABSI and CI more strongly correlated with age and arterial stiffness assessed by cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) compared to the other indices. The discriminative power for high CAVI (≥9.0) was the strongest for ABSI followed by CI and other indices, in that order. The range and distribution of WC corresponding to the cutoff of ABSI (0.0801), or CI (1.23) seemed reasonable. The correlation between ABSI and CI was the strongest compared to any other combination of indices. CI correlated moderately with BMI, whereas ABSI correlated minimally with BMI. ABSI correlates strongly and approximates closely with CI. Hence, ABSI may be considered to reflect the degree of body shape change from cylindricity to conicity and is currently the only abdominal obesity index not affected by the obesity paradox.

Association between metabolic scores for visceral fat and chronic kidney disease: A cross-sectional study.

Central obesity is closely linked to the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to evaluate the association between the novel central obesity index- metabolic score for visceral fat (METS-VF) and the risk of CKD in a Chinese population, and to compare its ability to predict CKD with other central obesity indices including waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), a body shape index (ABSI), body roundness index (BRI), and cardiometabolic index (CMI). This cross-sectional study included 8866 individuals from China. Demographic information, lifestyle data, and medical history data were collected, and physical examinations, anthropometric measurements and laboratory tests were performed for each participant. CKD was defined as an estimated GFR< 60 ml/min/1.73m2. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between the METS-VF and the prevalence of CKD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed to assess and compare the predictive abilities of the central obesity indices and determine the optimal cut-off points. A graded increase in the prevalence of CKD was observed with increasing METS-VF tertiles. Moreover, the METS-VF was independently associated with the risk of CKD after adjustment for current smoking, current drinking, physical activity level, diabetes, hypertension, CVD history and BMI. Compared with participants with a METS-VF in the lowest tertile, the multivariate-adjusted ORs and 95% CIs for participants with a METS-VF in the highest tertile were 3.943 (2.435-6.385) in the overall population, 3.585 (1.585-8.109) for men and 4.627 (2.485-8.616) for women. Significant interactions were found between the METS-VF and the risk of CKD by age (P value for interaction = 0.023). In ROC analysis, the METS-VF had a higher AUC value than other indices for predicting CKD in men and had comparable or higher AUC than other indices for women. For predicting CKD, the optimal cut-off value of the METS-VF was 6.891 for men and 6.744 for women. The METS-VF yielded the greatest Youden index among all indices for both sexes. A higher METS-VF was independently associated with a greater risk of CKD. The METS-VF can be a useful clinical indicator for identifying CKD, as it had superior predictive power for CKD when compared with other central obesity indices.

Body mass index versus surrogate measures of central adiposity as independent predictors of mortality in type 2 diabetes

BackgroundAn “obesity paradox” for mortality has been shown in chronic disorders such as diabetes, and attributed to methodological bias, including the use of body mass index (BMI) for obesity definition. This analysis investigated the independent association of BMI versus surrogate measures of central adiposity with all-cause mortality in individuals with type 2 diabetes.MethodsThe Renal Insufficiency And Cardiovascular Events Italian Multicentre Study is a prospective cohort study that enrolled 15,773 patients in 19 Italian centres in 2006–2008. Exposures were BMI and the surrogate measures of central adiposity waist circumference (WC), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and A Body Shape Index (ABSI). Vital status was retrieved on 31 October 2015 for 15,656 patients (99.3%),ResultsAge- and sex-adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals were significantly higher in BMI-based underweight (1.729 [1.193–2.505), P = 0.004), moderately obese (1.214 [1.058–1.392), P = 0.006) and severely obese (1.703 [1.402–2.068), P < 0.0001), lower in overweight (0.842 [0.775–0.915), P < 0.0001) and similar in mildly obese (0.950 [0.864–1.045), P = 0.292), compared to normal-weight individuals. When further adjusting for smoking, physical activity (PA), and comorbidities, risk was lower also in mildly obese versus normal-weight patients. The BMI-mortality relationship did not change after sequentially excluding ever smokers, individuals with comorbidities, and those died within two years from enrollment and when analyzing separately participants below and above the median age. Conversely, a paradox relationship was observed among inactive/moderately inactive, but not moderately/highly active patients. Mortality risk adjusted for age, gender, smoking, PA and comorbidities was significantly higher in the highest tertile of WC (1.279 [1.089–1.501], P = 0.003), WHtR (1.372 [1.165–1.615], P < 0.0001), and ABSI (1.263 [1.067–1.495], P = 0.007) versus the lowest tertile. However, risk was lower in the intermediate versus lowest tertile for WC (0.823 [0.693–0.979], P = 0.028), similar for WHtR, and higher, though not significantly, for ABSI.ConclusionsAn “overweight paradox” remained after controlling for age, smoking, and comorbidities, arguing against a collider bias or reverse causation. However, it could be partly explained by confounding from PA level, possibly through its impact on lean mass and cardiorespiratory fitness. No obesity paradox was observed with WHtR and especially ABSI, which predicted mortality risk associated with central adiposity better than WC.Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT00715481, 15 July, 2008