28th Day Research Articles

The state of the rat liver during the toxic period of intoxication with polychlorinated biphenyls

BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls have various toxic effects on the body of humans and animals, causing a violation of the liver barrier function. AIM: To study the dynamics of the relative liver mass and the morphology of liver tissue in experimental rats during the toxic period after subacute administration of polychlorinated biphenyls. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The model of intoxication with polychlorinated biphenyls was carried out on white male rats (n=60) weighing 200±15 g aged 3–4 months. The following experimental groups of animals were formed: experimental group “1st day” (n=10), experimental group “28th day” (n=10) and experimental group “56th day” (n=10). For each experimental group of rats, a comparison group “control group” (n=10) was created. The experimental groups (n=30) of animals were orally administered an oil suspension of polychlorinated biphenyls at a dose of 300 mg/kg of rat body weight for 28 days. Control rats received sunflower oil. For morphological examination, pieces of rat liver were taken on the 1st, 28th and 56th days of the experiment. The relative liver mass, percentage of normal, abnormal and degenerative forms of hepatocytes were calculated. Descriptive statistics with calculation of the median Me (Q1 25%, Q3 75%) were used for all data; the Mann–Whitney U-test was used for nonparametric samples. Differences were considered significant at p0.05. RESULTS: On the 1st day of the toxicogenic period, the relative liver weight of rats increased by 1.2 times (p=0.0496) compared to the control group. On the 28th day, the relative liver weight of the experimental group of rats statistically significantly decreased by 1.2 times (p=0.0152) compared to the control. By the end of the study (day 56), the relative liver weight statistically significantly increased by 1.5 times (p=0.0049) compared to the control value and by 1.8 times compared to day 28 (p=0.0036). Morphological analysis of the liver tissue of the experimental rats revealed abnormally enlarged hepatocytes (14%) on the 1st day after cessation of biphenyl administration. During the toxic period, the number of such cells increased: on the 28th day it was 35% (p=0.0002) and on the 56th day — 47% (p=0.0002), respectively. By the end of the experiment, necrotizing hepatocytes were determined (22%). In the liver, lymphoid cells were diffusely located along the intralobular sinusoidal capillaries; they were found in the interlobular loose connective tissue along the portal zone of the liver. CONCLUSION: In subacute intoxication of experimental animals with polychlorinated biphenyls, inflammatory and destructive histomorphological changes in the liver and an increase in its relative mass were revealed.

Effects of Dietary Tea Polyphenols on the Growth, Antioxidant Status, Immune Function, and Intestinal Microbiota of Largemouth Bass (Micropterus salmoides)

This research aimed to explore the impact of tea polyphenol (TP) supplementation on the development, antioxidant properties, immune responses, and gut wellness in largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, LMB). Four diets with varying levels of TPs (0.00%, 0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.08%) were devised to feed LMB with an initial weight of 4.3 ± 0.02 g for 56 days, among which the intermittent feeding (IF) group was fed a diet supplemented with TP8 for 7 days, followed by a basal diet for another 7 days, and this was repeated until the end (56th day). The results demonstrated that supplementation with 0.04% or 0.08% TPs in the diet could reduce the crude lipid content and increase the crude protein content of LMB (p < 0.05). The levels of total cholesterol (CHO) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the serum significantly decreased with the addition of 0.08% dietary TPs to the diet (p < 0.05). Dietary TPs can stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) and enhance the antioxidant capacity of LMB (p < 0.05). The activities of immune enzymes such as acid phosphatase (ACP) were increased to improve the immune response via the addition of TPs (p < 0.05). Supplementation with 0.02% and 0.04% TPs reduced liver fatty infiltration and alleviated hepatocyte damage. Compared with the control diet, dietary TPs significantly increased villus height (VH), villus width (VW), and lipase (LPS) activity in the intestine (p < 0.05), and supplementation with 0.04% TPs significantly increased muscular layer thickness (MT) (p < 0.05). With the increase in dietary TPs, distinct differences were observed in the intestinal microbial composition and the relative abundance of potential pathogens, especially Clostridiaceae, which decreased, along with the enrichment of pathways related to metabolism, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Additionally, intermittent feeding could alleviate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage. In conclusion, dietary TPs of LMB could enhance antioxidant capacity and immunity and improve intestinal health, and intermittent feeding could mitigate the adverse effects caused by a high dosage.

Вплив бета-цифлутрину на репродуктивну функцію самиць щурів Wistar Hannover

Beta-cyfluthrin is the 2nd generation pirethroid, that is used as a broad-spectrum insecticide. The effect of the original beta-cyfluthrin molecule on reproductive function has not been studied. The assessment of possible reproductive toxicity of betacyfluthrin was based on the results of themulti-generational rat studyof cyfluthrin. Aim. To investigate the effect of beta-cyfluthrin on the reproductive function of femaleWistar Hannover rats during gametogenesis. Materials and Methods. Beta-cyfluthrin was administered per os 5 times a week by gavage in the form of an aqueous emulsion to two groups of females (20 animals each) in doses 3 and 30 mg/kg bw/day during 9 weeks. Control animals received distilled water with the addition of an emulsifier. In parallel with the control and experimental females, intact males were contained for mating. The estrous cycle was studied in female rats in the last 2 weeks of exposure to beta-cyfluthrin. After the period of exposure, the experimental females were mated with intact males for no longer than 3 weeks. On the 20th day of gestation, the experimental rats were euthanized to assess reproductive parameters. Results. The decrease in the body weight gain at a dose of 30 mg/kg establishes the general toxic effect of beta-cyfluthrin on female rats. It was also installed, that the test substance affects the estrous cycle of females, namely the duration of the proestrus stage, which received the maximum dose. The dose of 3 mg/kg bw/day had no effect on the reproductive function of females and no statistically significant changes were found between the experimental and control groups. Conclusion. Based on the results of the gonadotoxicity study, it can be concluded that beta-cyfluthrin has a general toxic effect and reproductive toxicity at a dose of 30 mg/kg bw/day. The no-observed-effect level (NOEL) was set at 3 mg/kg bw/day. Keywords: beta-cyfluthrin, pirethroid, reproductive function, estrous cycle, rats Wistar Han.

The effect of intrapartum labor induction with oxytocin on maternal depression scoring in early postpartum period: a retrospective cohort study

Aims: Studies showing that synthetic oxytocin (SO) used for induction during labor increases the risk of postpartum maternal depression are increasing day by day in literature. Objective was to investigate the effect of SO administered for induction during labor on the tendency to maternal depression in early postpartum period. Methods: The study encompassed nulliparous women, all of whom delivered at gestational weeks 37 to 41 between 2020 and 2022 and underwent standard postpartum assessments on the 10th day following delivery. Exclusion criteria comprised pregnant individuals with predisposing factors for depression before conception, during gestation, or in the postpartum period. Pregnants who were admitted to delivery room due to labor and gave birth without any induction method were classified as group C (n=137), and who were induced with SO were classified as group O (n=122). Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) scores on 0th day and 10th day postpartum of two groups were compared. Additionally, relationship between duration of induction and EPDS scores was analyzed. Results: No statistically significant difference was detected between two groups in terms of age, gestational week, or educational status (p>0.05). No statistically significant difference was detected between the groups in EPDS scores on 0th or 10th day postpartum (p>0.05). There was no significant difference between induction time and EPDS scores on 0th or 10th day postpartum (p>0.05). Conclusion: SO used for labor induction may not primary affect the tendency to postpartum depression in the early period. Further studies in populations without risk factors for depression are needed.

Impact of Organic Inputs (Jeevamruth and Beejamruth) on Quality Parameters of Fenugreek

The present study on Biochemical evaluation of organic inputs (Jeevamruth and Beejamruth) and their efficacy on Greens was carried out at the Department of sustainable organic agriculture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore and the laboratory experiments were carried out at the Department of Environmental Sciences. A field experiment was conducted in a randomized block design with three replications. Biometric observations were taken during 10th, 20th and 30th days after sowing. Soil samples were collected during initial and at the stage of harvest and analysed for chemical and biological properties. Plant samples were analysed for protein and chlorophyll contents. Quality parameters like protein content was found to be high in both treatments Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (using Green gram flour) and Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (using Green gram +Black gram flour); and the chlorophyll content was high in Jeevamruth @ 5 % Spray (Green gram flour). From the results, the application of Jeevamruth as a 5 % spray was observed as a viable organic approach to improve soil and eco-friendly fenugreek production.

Investigating the inhibitory effect of nettle (Urtica dioica L.) essential oil and Pickering nanoemulsion on some pathogenic bacteria inoculated into pizza cheese.

The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of Urtica dioica L. (nettle) essential oil (in the forms of Pickering nanoemulsion (NEO) and free (EO)) on microbial, chemical and sensory changes of pizza cheese stored at 4°C for 12days. For this purpose, Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes were inoculated into pizza cheese. In all tests, the control group had the lowest score after 12days of storage. In the antimicrobial assay test in different treatments, NEO4% treatment decreased the growth of E.coli from 4 (0th day) to 3.3 log CFU/g (12th day) and the growth of L. monocytogenes from 3.8 (0th day) to 3.1 log CFU/g (12th day). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of NEO and EO for E.coli and L. monocytogenes was 0.62±0.01mg/mL. Additionally, the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of EO and NEO for E. coli was 25±0.1mg/mL, and for L. monocytogenes was 1.25±0.1mg/mL. At day 12, almost all treatments (free form and nano) had relatively similar pH. In our study, the minimum and maximum value of DPPH was detected in the treatment of NEO1% (31.25±1.50%) and BHT200 (96.40±2.5%), respectively. Also, on the 12th day of the test, the NEO treatment obtained the highest score in all sensory tests (appearance & color, body & texture, odor and overall acceptability). According to the findings of the present study, Pickering emulsion form of nettle EO increases the storage period of pizza cheese.

Engineering performance and environmental assessment of sustainable concrete incorporating nano silica and metakaolin as cementitious materials

The carbon footprint associated with cement production, coupled with depletion of natural resources and climate change, underscores the need for sustainable alternatives. This study explores the effect of metakaolin (MK) and nano-silica (NS) on concrete’s engineering performance and environmental impact. Initially, compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests, along with durability assessments like water absorption, sorptivity, rapid chloride permeability, and resistance to acid and sulphate attacks, were conducted. Later, X-ray Diffraction spectroscopy and Field-emission scanning electron microscopy were employed for microstructural analysis. Subsequently, the environmental impact of micro and nano materials was assessed using embodied carbon emissions and eco-strength efficiency. The results revealed that the hybrid mixes of 12.50% MK and 2% NS (M7) showed superior performance, demonstrating significant strength enhancements and eco-efficiency, achieving 0.15 MPa/kg CO2/m3 at 28th day. Meanwhile, the MK-only mix (M6) yielded the lowest embodied CO2 emissions at 330 kg CO2/m3. MK and NS effectively reduce porosity and enhance durability against environmental factors while lowering clinker content, contributing to sustainability. Furthermore, the microstructural behaviour showed early hydration, dense microstructure and additional Calcium Silicate Hydrate formation, leading to improved properties. The outcomes reveal that the concrete configuration has altered at micro and nano levels by the inclusion of MK and NS, demonstrating their substantial contribution to producing environmentally friendly, effective, and beneficial concrete.

Polysaccharides of Atractylodes Macrocephala Koidz Alleviate LPS-Induced Bursa of Fabricius Injury in Goslings by Inhibiting EREG Expression.

The bursa of Fabricius (BF) plays crucial roles in the goslings' immune system. During waterfowl breeding, the presence of lipopolysaccharides (LPSs) in the environment can induce inflammatory damage in geese. Polysaccharides of Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz (PAMKs), as the main active component of the Chinese medicine Atractylodes macrocephala, have significant immune-enhancing effects. Accordingly, this study intended to investigate the effect of PAMKs on LPS-induced BF injury in goslings. Two hundred 1-day-old goslings (half male and half female) were selected and randomly divided into control, PAMK, LPS, and PAMK + LPS groups. The control and LPS groups were fed the basal diet, and the PAMK and PAMK + LPS groups were fed the basal diet containing PAMKs at 400 mg/kg. The goslings in the LPS and PAMK + LPS groups were injected intraperitoneally with LPS at a concentration of 2 mg/kg on days 24, 26, and 28 of this study. The control and PAMK groups were injected with equal amounts of saline. On the 28th day, 1 h after the LPS injection, the BF and serum were collected and analyzed for organ indices, cytokines, antioxidant indicators, and histological observations. Histological examination and HE staining demonstrated that the PAMK treatment ameliorated the LPS-induced BF atrophy, structural damage, increased cellular exudation, and reticulocyte hyperplasia in the goslings. The cytokine and antioxidant marker analyses in the BF cells demonstrated that the PAMK treatment mitigated the LPS-induced increase in the interleukin-1β (IL-1β), malondialdehyde (MDA), and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels, as well as the decrease in the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Further transcriptome sequencing identified a total of 373 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the LPS and PAMK + LPS groups. The KEGG enrichment pathway analysis showed that the DEGs were significantly enriched in the Toll-like receptor, p53, MAPK, GnRH, and ErbB signaling pathways. Among them, EREG played key roles in the activation of the MAPK, GnRH, and ErbB signaling pathways. Further research showed that the addition of PAMKs significantly inhibited the LPS-induced EREG expression, increased the cell viability, promoted the cell cycle entry into the S and G2 phases, and inhibited apoptosis. Meanwhile, PAMKs can reduce the protein expression of p-JNKs and c-FOS by inhibiting EREG. In summary, this study found that PAMKs could alleviate LPS-induced BF injury in goslings by inhibiting the expression of EREG.

Do Intravenous Butaphosphan and Cyanocobalamin Combination Affect Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Profile of Dairy Goats During Their Transition Period?

Insulin resistance during early lactation in goats has been a topic of interest for researchers, as addressing this issue can significantly improve their metabolic health. To investigate the potential of butaphosphan and cyanocobalamin in controlling insulin resistance, we conducted a study with the hypothesis that this combination may mitigate insulin resistance in dairy goats. Ten adult goats were divided equally into two groups: Ctrl and B+C. The Ctrl group received 6mL of normal saline, while the second group was administered 6mL of 10% butaphosphan and 0.005% cyanocobalamin on days 21, 20, 19, and 12, 11, 10, and 3, 2, 1 before parturition. On the 10th and 20th days after parturition, blood samples were gathered to analyze the levels of different metabolites and evaluate insulin resistance/sensitivity through an intravenous glucose tolerance test and surrogate indices. Body condition scores, milk production, and weight gain of the kids were also recorded during the study. Although the B+C group showed slightly higher insulin responsiveness than the Ctrl group in the intravenous glucose tolerance test, but the difference was insignificant. Comparably, no significant differences were noticed in the remaining metabolic indicators amidst the Ctrl and B+C groups. The lack of substantial differences can be attributed to the limited sample size and the prescribed drug dosage. Further investigations with higher doses exceeding 6mL are warranted to explore potential effects. Additionally, species-specific differences in ruminants might exist, and caprine metabolism of the compound might differ from that of bovine and ovine. Consequently, we recommend conducting more studies in this field.

Biological Investigation of Aqueous Extract of Funnel Seeds to Check its Therapeutic Effects in the Management of Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome in Induced PCOS Female Albino Rats

About every one out of nine women around the globe is living with polycystic ovarian syndrome. Polycystic ovarian syndrome is characterized by increased male hormone (androgen) in female body that results in delayed ovulation by unbalancing follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone, and insulin levels. Other associated signs are increased insulin levels due to elevated androgens, weight gain, male pattern hair growth, and depression. Funnel seed is a wonder in regulating the imbalanced reproductive hormones. The purpose of Current study was to evaluate the hormone regulating properties by using funnel seed as source element. For this purpose, 14 female albino rats with induced polycystic ovarian syndrome were divided into two group. Treatment group was given funnel seed extract in dose of 50mg/kg of the body weight for sixty days. Levels of follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and insulin levels were measured and compared in blood samples on 0th day and 60th day in study groups. Insulin and testosterone levels were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the treatment group, whereas ovulating hormones, such as follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone, were significantly (p<0.05) higher.

A COMPARATIVE CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFICACY OF DASHAMOOLA NIRUHA BASTI WITH BHADRADARVADI GANA KASHAYA BASTI IN GRIDHRASI VIS-A-VIS SCIATICA

Gridhrasi is defined as vata vyadhi characterised by radiating pain from lumbo-sacral region (spik-katipurva) through thigh, knee, calf and foot (uru, janu, jangha, pada). The disease Gridhrasi described in Ayurveda and Sciatica described in western medical textbooks have absolute similarity in their manifestation. Low back ache is one of the most common clinical symptoms experienced by substantial portion of the population.It can be conveniently concluded that these two represent the same disease.The estimated life time incidence of sciatica is around 13% -40% of total population. Annual incidence of an episode of sciatica ranges from 1%-5%. The high prevalence of sciatica varies considerably, ranging from 1.6% in general population to 40% in selected working population. Considering all these the present study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dashamoola niruha basti with bhadradarvadi gana kashaya basti in gridhrasi. Objectives:To compare the efficacy of dashamoola niruha basti followed by moolakadi thaila as anuvasana basti with bhadradarvadi gana kashaya basti followed by anuvasanabasti with prasarini thaila in the management of Gridhrasi. Materials and Methods: Total 40 subjects with 20 in each group.The interventions wereas follows, Group ADashamoola niruha basti followed by moolakadithaila as anuvasana basti. Group B Niruha with bhadradarvadi gana kashaya basti followed by anuvasana basti with prasarini thaila (in yoga basti pattern) in the management of Gridhrasi.The data was collected on 0th day, after the intervention i.e. on 9th day and after the completion of follow-up period i.e. on 25th day. Result: Group A and Group B showed equal statistical significance with assessment parameters like Ruk, Stambha, SLR test, Bragards sign, Sciatica bothersome index scale value with the significance P value of 0.005. On comparison, between the groups there was non-significant results found. Hence, both the groups were effective in reducing the symptoms of Gridhrasi. The overall study revealed that the selected intervention has showed significant results in the management of Gridhrasi vis-a-vis Sciatica.

GENETIC PARAMETERS OF GROWTH, CARCASS, AND LAYING TRAITS IN TWO LINES OF UKRAINIAN QUAIL

The estimation of genetic parameters of certain productive characters in different lines of quail is very important to make a breeding schedule for such lines of quail in the future. This study was carried out for three generations to estimate the response to selection, selection deferential, genetic, and phenotypic correlation between studied traits (growth and laying performance) and heritability estimates in two lines of Ukrainian quail (Coturnix coturnix coturnix). A total of 120 Ukrainian quails from ) 500 ( quail birds (base population), were selected as parent generation for both lines and also 120 offspring birds specified for the third generation. The selection was based on body weight which was carried out on the 20th day of age. The results showed that the selection can improve breast weight, leg weight, carcass%, and live body weight in both lines. However, the realized heritability has moderate values for 42-day age body weight for both lines; but the dark line recorded a higher genetic correlation between body weight and weight gain compared to the white line. The highest phenotypic correlation estimates between body weight and egg weight were recorded for the white line; in addition, the same line receded better estimates for the studied genetic parameters in all other studied characteristics. It could be concluded that the selection based on the genetic parameters for growth and laying traits was effective for improving it through the three generations.

The effect of pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine on structural and functional features of rat placenta in the model of passive tobacco smoking

Passive tobacco smoking in modern society is quite common phenomenon. Maternal smoking, including passive smoking, is one of the modifying risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes and is associated with disorders of the pregnant woman's reproductive system, including the development of placental dysfunction. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine on the structural and functional features of the rat placenta in a model of passive tobacco smoking. The study was conducted on 40 nonlinear pregnant rats aged 6 months. Passive smoking modeling was performed from day 1 to day 20 of pregnancy. From the first day of gestation, daily for 20 days, rats were intragastrically administered a pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine at an effec­tive dose of 25 mg/kg, and rats of the positive control group received the reference drug at a dose of 68 mg/kg. On the 20th day of pregnancy, the animals were withdrawn from the experiment to study the microstructure of the placenta and determine the level of sex hormones. Structural and functional changes in the rat placenta in the model of passive tobacco smoking were determined. The gravidoprotective effect of the pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine at a dose of 25 mg/kg in pregnant rats with a reproduced model of passive smoking was proved, which was manifested by a decrease in histomorphological and hormonal signs of fetoplacental insufficiency compared to the negative control. The gravidoprotective effect in rats treated with a pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine and exposed to passive smoking was manifested by a significant decrease in the severity of negative changes in the placental histological structure, which were recorded in animals from the passive smoking group, as evidenced by the following signs of increased width of the labyrinthine section normal width of the decidual membrane, no expansion of blood-filled lacunae, sufficient contact area of fetal and maternal vessels, no signs of thrombosis in maternal lacunae, the predominant number of fetal capillaries without signs of hemostasis with normal blood filling and wall thickness. The use of a pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine at a dose of 25 mg/kg in pregnant rats with a reproduced model of passive smoking reduces the damaging effect of cigarette combustion products on placental steroidogenesis. This is manifested by a less pronounced decrease in progesterone levels by 22.47% and free estriol by 55.48% compared to animals exposed to passive smoking, which almost corresponds to the activity of the reference drug at a dose of 68 mg/kg. The presence of a gravidoprotective effect of the pharmaceutical composition based on L-carnitine indicates the prospects for further pharmacological studies to prevent and treat the negative effects of fetoplacental insufficiency on the mother and fetus caused by placental hypoxia due to tobacco smoking.

Molecular and Growth Responses of Musa acuminata var. Barangan Post Application of Beneficial Endophytic Bacteria

Endophytic bacteria reside in plants' roots and can benefit plant growth. The study aimed to evaluate the application of an endophytic bacterial consortium in enhancing the growth of banana plants and identify genes that maximally assist in nutrient utilization during banana plant growth. One-month-old banana plants were inoculated by soaking them for one hour in a 500 mL suspension of endophytic bacteria. In vivo observations were conducted in the greenhouse at Al-Azhar University Indonesia over 40 days, during which morphological and physiological growth were calculated. The results revealed that control plants exhibited lower growth than those treated with endophytic bacteria. The application of endophytic bacteria led to increased growth in banana barangan plants, as evidenced by improvements in leaf length, leaf width, plant height, and chlorophyll levels. Furthermore, a semi-quantitative analysis of banana plants treated with Cytobacillus depressus, Bacillus stratophericus, and B. mycoides revealed genes significantly contributing to growth. These genes, including WRKY33, Ma03_92660, Ma01_901890, Ma04_936790, and Pho-1,2, exhibited their highest expression levels starting from the 28th day of the experiment. Keywords: plant growth, endophytic consortium bacteria, semi-quantitative real-time PCR, identify genes

Ультразвукова характеристика функціональних змін міокарда при застосуванні кондиційованого середовища мезенхімальних стовбурових клітин на моделі автоімунного міокардиту

The aim – to characterize the effect of the conditioned medium of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-CM) on cardiac function in experimental autoimmune myocarditis, based on echocardiographic data.Materials and methods. autoimmune myocarditis was modeled by injecting rats with a cardiotropic antigenic mixture consisting of Freund’s complete adjuvant and an antigen solution. The antigenic mixture was administered to rats 4 times over 14 days. MSC-CM was administered on days 14, 17, 20, 23, and 26 of the experiment. Echocardiographic studies of the heart were performed using the «Sonomed 500» ultrasound echotomoscope («Poli-Spectrum,» Ukraine) on the 28th day of the experiment.Results. The study found that MSC-CM had a pronounced cardioprotective effect in rats with autoimmune myocarditis. MSC-CM significantly improved the heart structure, reduced the left ventricular wall thickness, and normalized volumetric parameters and myocardial contractile function. While amiodarone also showed positive results, its effect was less pronounced compared to MSC-CM. The therapeutic potential of MSC-CM in correcting hypertrophy and impaired myocardial contractility was confirmed by numerous statistically significant changes observed in all experimental groups.Conclusions. Treatment with MSC-CM led to a significant reduction in the thickness of the interventricular septum and the posterior wall of the left ventricle, resulting in a decrease in hypertrophy. Both end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume reduced and cardiac function. Left ventricular ejection fraction (75.8 %, p<0.001) and fractional shortening (39.2 %, p<0.001) in the MSC-CM group approached the levels observed in intact rats.

Predictors of treatment duration in conservative management of developmental dysplasia of hip -a retrospective cohort study

Developmental dysplasia of the hip is a prevalent condition in newborns. However, predicting the duration of conservative treatment remains challenging. This study aimed to determine the duration of treatment more precisely by analyzing associated factors. We conducted a retrospective analysis and developed a linear regression model based on 503 patients treated at our institution over the last 10 years. A linear regression model (GLM) was used for predicting treatment duration (df residuals 371, df model 3, Pearson Chi2 78.9, Number of iterations 15). The baseline scenario thereby feature a child with an average age at the beginning of treatment (35th day of life), both sides pathologically affected, and a minimum alpha angle of 29 degrees. The GLM identified age at treatment onset, alpha angle, and bilaterality as significant predictors of treatment duration. A four-week delay in treatment initiation extended the duration by one week, while a 5-degree increase in the alpha angle reduced it by two weeks. Bilaterality added 19 days to treatment duration. However, sex and clinical hip instability did not significantly affect the treatment time. These findings enable the calculation of treatment duration based on identified factors, potentially improving the management and planning of conservative therapies for developmental dysplasia of the hip in newborns.

Formulation and evaluation of anti-arthritic potential of ointment based on flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa against induced arthritis model in Wistar rats

Aristolochia longa, belonging to the Aristolochiaceae family, helps treatvarious diseases such as cancer, abdominal pain and upper respiratory tract infections. The present work aims to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of ointments based on the flavonoids and tannins of Aristolochia longa. The acute dermal toxicity has been evaluated using Wistar rats. Then, the formulated ointments were considered for physicochemical parameters and microbiological analysis. The stability study was conducted at 4°C, 25°C and 37°C during 28 days. However, the skin tolerance test of ointments was performed by measuring the primary irritation index. In vivo, the anti-arthritic potential of the formulations was evaluated by Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis method. The degree of inflammation and anti-arthritic effects were assessed by radiological and histological analysis of knee joints. The results revealed that the Lethal dose 50 (LD50) was more significant than 5000 mg/kg. The microbiological and physicochemical parameters of formulations were found to be satisfactory.The stability testshowed a stable homogenous appearance, and no pathogens were revealed. At the same time, the microbial parameters were discarded on the 28th day of exposure. The skin irritant effect indicated that the prepared formulations were safe. The radiological profile and histological analysis showed an anti-inflammatory effect in the treated group by F1 and F2 formulations, reducing infiltration cellular, pannus formation and bone erosion. Leaves and roots of A. longa can be used as plant remedies for Rheumatoid arthritis and inflammatory diseases.

ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF INTEGRATED TREATMENT IN ADOLESCENTS WITH CHRONIC CATARRHAL GINGIVITIS LIVING IN ENVIRONMENTALLY COMPROMISED AREAS

The challenging ecological situation in Western Ukraine, coupled with natural geochemical factors such as deficiencies in fluorine and iodine, contributes to the deterioration of children's somatic and dental health. This underscores the urgent need to develop comprehensive treatment and preventive strategies to mitigate pathological processes in periodontal tissues and enhance treatment outcomes. Purpose: The study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of treating chronic catarrhal gingivitis in children residing in environmentally polluted areas with iodine and fluorine deficiencies (the cities of Yavoriv and Zhydachiv). The study observed children aged 12–15, comprising 59 participants in the main group and 42 in the control group (from the city of Lviv, considered an ecologically clean region). Children in the main group were treated according to a specialized protocol developed for the study, while those in the control group received treatment per the Ministry of Health of Ukraine's protocols for “Therapeutic Dentistry”. Methods. The treatment regimen for chronic catarrhal gingivitis in the main group included: local measures such as Professional oral hygiene, traditional anti-inflammatory agents (tinctures of chamomile, St. John’s wort, calendula), applications of “Holisal” gel on the gingival surface, use of “Lacalut Aktiv Herbal” toothpaste and “Lacalut Aktiv” mouthwash; systemic treatment including “Kinder Biovital Lecithin” gel to enhance immune system function, “Ascorutin” to reduce capillary fragility and permeability. This multifaceted approach aimed to address both local and systemic factors influencing periodontal health in children from ecologically compromised regions. Results and discussion. The evaluation of the immediate results of the treatment was carried out visually, taking into account the change in clinical symptoms (on 5-6 days) and with the help of periodontal and hygienic indices, immunological indicators. Periodontal status was assessed by papillary-marginal alveolar indices, communal periodontal index and gingival bleeding index. Oral hygiene was assessed by the Fedorov-Volodkina index. In order to assess the adaptive capabilities of the body and determine the risk factors for periodontal tissue lesions, the content of leukocytes in the oral fluid of children was evaluated. In the initial period of the treatment course, we found a decrease in the values ​​of periodontal indices in both the main and control groups. On the 5-6th day after the start of treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis, the value of the papillary-marginal alveolar index in the main group was 20.16±1.95% that was significantly lower compared to the control group, 33.21±1.82%. Following the treatment, a decrease in the bleeding index was found in the children of the main group accounting 0.94±0.11 points versus 1.42±0.15 points in the control group. Analyzing the changes in the communal periodontal index, a more significant decrease was found in the children of the main group (1.09±0.15 points) compared to the control group (1.39±0.16 points). Along with the normalization of the clinical condition of the periodontal tissues in children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis who were under our observation, an improvement in oral hygiene was noted, which, in our opinion, can be due to the implementation of professional hygiene, quality control of tooth brushing, as well as conversations on hygiene education with children and their parents. This is confirmed by indicators of the hygienic index of Fedorov-Volodkina. Since local immunity is a sensitive indicator of the effect of external and internal environmental factors, we determined the concentration of leukocytes in the oral fluid 5-6 days after the treatment of chronic catarrhal gingivitis. It is worth noting that after treatment for 5-6 days, the number of leukocytes in the oral fluid of children with chronic catarrhal gingivitis in the study groups significantly decreased. Thus, in the children of the main group, the number of leukocytes was 205.14±4.28 × 106 /l and 220.40±4.21 × 106 /l in the control group, which was significantly lower than the corresponding values ​​before treatment (р<0 ,01). Thus, the study results have demonstrated the described treatment course can significantly normalize and improve the condition of periodontal tissues and oral hygiene in the children of the main group with chronic catarrhal gingivitis that is confirmed by oral hygiene indices and laboratory findings.

MINERAL COMPONENT OF ORAL FLUID AS AN INDICATOR OF REPARATIVE OSTEOGENESIS AFTER TOOTH EXTRACTION

Tooth extraction is known to results in the formation of a bone defect and the gradual atrophy of the alveolar process, which can negatively impact the outcomes of dental rehabilitation. Adequate alveolar bone volume and the complete morphology of the alveolar process are essential for achieving aesthetic and functional reconstruction. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of cryopreserved placenta and quercetin on the levels of total and ionized calcium in oral fluid during the process of reparative osteogenesis following tooth extraction. Results. The study found that the content of total calcium in the oral fluid of patients showed a statistically significant increase on the 20th day after the tooth extraction procedure: by 5.2%, 3.7%, and 4.8% in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clinical groups, respectively. The dynamics of ionized calcium were even more pronounced. On day 20 after tooth extraction, the levels of ionized calcium increased significantly in all three clinical groups: by 23.0%, 9.6%, and 33.3%, respectively. In the second clinical group, the ionized calcium content was lower by 16.7% compared to the control group, and by 12.1% compared to the group where cryopreserved placenta was used alongside the standard treatment protocol, with these differences being statistically significant. Ninety days after tooth extraction, the levels of ionized calcium showed a statistically significant decrease: by 13.2%, 6.3%, and 13.5%, respectively, in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd clinical groups. The least change in total and ionized calcium levels in the oral fluid was observed in patients treated with the standard protocol supplemented with cryopreserved placenta and quercetin. This may be attributed to local bone tissue resorption in the lower jaw, resulting in the release of this mineral from the bones.

Treatment Options for Nosocomial Ventriculitis/Meningitis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Ventriculo-meningitis or nosocomial meningitis/ventriculitis is a severe nosocomial infection that is associated with devastating neurological sequelae. The cerebrospinal fluid isolates associated with the infection can be Gram-positive or -negative, while the Enterococcus spp. is rarely identified. We report a case of a 68-year-old woman with a past medical history of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. She was admitted to the intensive care unit following a scheduled sphenoid wing meningioma resection. Her course was complicated with left middle cerebral artery pseudoaneurysm and hemispheric hemorrhage, and an arterial stent and external ventricular drainage catheter were placed. Neurological evaluation showed a minimal conscious state. She presented high fever on the 35th intensive care unit day. Cerebrospinal fluid was sampled and the external ventricular catheter was removed. Enterococcus faecalis was isolated from the culture specimen. The patient received targeted treatment with an ampicillin plus ceftriaxone combination, and a follow-up culture confirmed the pathogen’s eradication. Although she was considered cured, she had a prolonged intensive care unit stay and finally died in the ward two months after the completion of treatment. This case highlights the first reported use of this combination in a severe, non-endocarditis, invasive enterococcal infection, while the review discusses treatment options for nosocomial ventriculitis/meningitis.