The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of albumin administration on mortality in patients with severe burns. We retrospectively analyzed data from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination Database, a nationwide inpatient database in Japan. We identified patients in the database aged ≥15 years who were admitted with severe burns (burn index ≥15) from April 2014 to March 2021. We included patients who received albumin within 2 days of admission in the albumin group and those who did not in the control group. The outcome was the 28-day mortality. Eligible patients (n = 2,492) were categorized into an albumin group (n = 1,128) or a control group (n = 1,364). One-to-one propensity score matching generated 530 pairs of patients with and without albumin administration. The 28-day mortality did not differ significantly between the two groups (albumin vs. control, 21.7% vs. 22.8%; risk difference, -1.1%; 95% confidence interval, -6.1% to +3.9%). These results suggest that albumin administration within 2 days of admission in patients with severe burns may not be associated with mortality during the acute phase.