6th Semester Research Articles

Impact of artificial intelligence on the academic performance and test anxiety of pharmacy students in objective structured clinical examination: a randomized controlled trial.

The rapid advancement of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in recent years has led to its increased application across various fields including education. One area where AI can significantly impact is clinical education, particularly in the preparation and execution of objective structured clinical examinations (OSCEs). This study aimed to evaluate the impact of AI-generated study material and feedback on the academic performance and level of anxiety of pharmacy students in formative OSCE. This was a 4-week (June-July 2024) randomized controlled study. Students of 6th semester PharmD program were randomized into either an intervention or control group. The intervention group received intervention which comprised a comprehensive training session on how to use AI tools (ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity) for generating study materials with personalized feedback, in addition to usual OSCE instructions. The control group only received the usual OSCE instructions. In addition, all students completed the test anxiety inventory (TAI) questionnaire before the OSCE. Eighty-eight (40 male, 48 female) out of 92 (96%) students attended the OSCE and completed the TAI questionnaire. Each group had 44 (50%) students. The mean OSCE mark was 13.26 (± 5.05) out of 30. No significant difference was found between the intervention [12.98 (± 5.15)] and control [13.54 (± 5.00)] groups regarding mean OSCE marks (p = 0.550). Similarly, no significant difference was found between the groups regarding the total TAI score (p = 0.917). While the use of AI tools did not improve the academic performance of students or reduce test-related anxiety, they did not negatively impact these outcomes either. Future research should investigate the long-term effects of AI-based interventions on educational outcomes.

The Effect of Project-Based Learning Model with Hybrid Mode on Higher Order Thinking Skills and Social Attitudes of Prospective Physics Teacher Students

The project-based learning (PjBL) model with hybrid mode supports higher order thinking skills (HOTS) preparing students to become adaptive, creative, and competent educators in the 21st century. This study aims to analyze the effect of PjBL model with a hybrid mode on HOTS and social attitudes of prospective physics teacher students. This study was conducted on 5th semester students of the physics education study program, University of Mataram, who took the physics curriculum review course. The research design used was a quasi-experiment with a posttest only control group design. The study population included 75 students from class 5A, class 5B, and class 5C in the 2024/2025 academic year. The research subjects were divided into two groups, namely the experimental class (5A) and the control class (5C). The instruments used included a HOTS test and a social attitude questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using one-way Manova statistics. The results showed a significant difference in students' HOTS between the experimental class and the control class with an average HOTS of students in the experimental class of 81, higher than the control class which obtained an average score of 72. However, there was no significant difference in students' social attitudes between the two classes with an average score of social attitudes in the experimental class of 83 and in the control class of 82. This finding indicates that the PjBL model with a hybrid mode is effective in improving students' HOTS, but has little effect on the development of students' social attitudes.

Role of extracurricular activities in the development of leadership skills among the undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students of Khyber Medical University and its affiliated institutes in Peshawar: A Cross-sectional study

Objective: To explore the role of extracurricular activities in the development of leadership skills among undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students. Method: The cross-sectional study was conducted from March to October 2023 at the Khyber Medical University and its affiliated institutes in Peshawar, Pakistan, and comprised undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students of either gender aged at least 18 years. Data was collected using a a pilot-tested questionnaire. Data was analysed using SPSS22. Results: Of the 340 students, 231(67.9%) were females and 109(32.1%) were males. The overall mean age was 21.55±1.75 years. The largest group was of students in the 7th semester 76(22.4%). Of the total, 131(38.5%) students were members of extracurricular societies, while 209(61.5%) were non-members. High-level leadership skills were found among the members compared to the non-members (p<0.001). Type of society (p<0.001) and gender (p=0.013) has a substantial association with leadership skills. Conclusion: The role of extracurricular activities in the development of leadership skills among undergraduate Doctor of Physical Therapy students was found to be significant. Key Words: Co-curricular activities, Extracurricular activities, Leadership skills, Leadership emergence, Skill development, Student leadership.

The Influence of Anxiety in Learning English for Specific Purposes on the Students for Non-English Department

Many students in the non-English Department feel anxious while speaking in front of the classroom and it has become a never-ending issue up to now. Therefore, this research focuses on investigating how anxiety factors affect students' behavior during EFL instruction and how non-English-speaking students' beliefs contribute to the development of anxiety. Descriptive qualitative case study method was employed with the subject of the research were 32 students from the 4th semester of Arabic Language Education and Islamic Education study program at the non-English Department of Walisongo Islamic State University of Semarang. The instruments were field observation, interview, questionnaire, and Focus Group Discussion. The research revealed that non-English students learning ESP English commonly experience two primary types of anxiety: confusion and sweating. These feelings often arise due to a lack of preparation before attending English classes. Anxiety is heightened when students feel unprepared in three key areas: grammar, pronunciation, and vocabulary mastery. In conclusion, students tend to feel anxious when they overthink the instructions or have to speak English in front of many peers. However, they feel more comfortable and engaged when lecturers create a joyful and positive classroom atmosphere. It is recommended that ESP students adopt strategies to manage their anxiety, including thorough preparation, relaxation techniques, positive thinking, seeking support from peers, and developing acceptance. Additionally, teachers should play an active role in reducing students' anxiety by fostering a supportive and encouraging learning environment.

An interactive course program on nutrition for medical students: interdisciplinary development and mixed-methods evaluation

Nutrition plays a crucial role in human and planetary health, as prevailing nutritional patterns significantly contribute to the global non-communicable disease pandemic. Moreover, the global food system is inextricably linked to planetary health deterioration. The relevance of nutrition for individual and planetary health is insufficiently addressed in German medical schools. Here, we present a two-week course for medical students in the 8th semester at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin on nutrition and fasting in the context of human and planetary health. The course was developed iteratively along the Kern cycle for medical curricula and underwent evaluation through a mixed-methods design spanning across two consecutive semesters. Assessment involved quantitative questionnaires and qualitative interviews. The main exploratory outcome was the overall module rating. Further outcomes encompassed in-depth evaluations of specific aspects, including content, teaching methods, instructor performance, and subjective experiential aspects. The conceptualisation resulted in a highly participative two-week course of 37.5 h. The main learning objectives aimed at the acquisition of technical competences and personal competencies in four areas: (1) the role of nutrition in health and disease; (2) the exploration of global food systems; (3) communication on subjects of nutrition; (4) culinary medicine. Various interactive didactic methodologies were used. 77.8% (n = 27) of the participants rated the course as very good or good. The conviction that nutrition influences health and disease increased over the course (Wilcoxon signed rank test, z = -2.82, p = 0.005, r = 0.57). In the qualitative interviews (n = 8) the course content, its didactical diversity and the positive group experience were appreciated. Our results indicate that it could be worthwhile to further incorporate nutrition curricula in medical education.

Emotional intelligence as a predictor of clinical competence in nursing students

BackgroundClinical competence and emotional intelligence are both essential factors for the success of nursing students in their profession. Due to the inconsistent findings regarding the relationship between clinical competence and emotional intelligence in nursing students, this study aims to investigate this relationship among nursing students at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran.MethodsIn this descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, 220 nursing students from the 2nd to the 8th semester were included in the study by census method. The data were collected using a questionnaire comprising three sections: demographic information, clinical competence assessment, and emotional intelligence assessment. Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics with SPSS software version 22, at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.ResultsOut of 220 nursing students, 176 completed the questionnaires. The mean score of participants’ clinical competence was 102.58 ± 19.94, indicating a moderate level. The emotional intelligence of the students also showed a moderate level, with a mean score of 81.16 ± 7.04. A significant positive correlation was observed between clinical competence and emotional intelligence (P < 0.001). The predictive role of three dimensions of emotional intelligence (self-awareness, self-management, and relationship management) was confirmed (P < 0.05).ConclusionIn this study, a positive and significant correlation was observed between clinical competence and emotional intelligence, indicating that higher emotional intelligence is associated with greater clinical competence. Accordingly, it is recommended to design and implement interventional studies aimed at enhancing students’ emotional intelligence and evaluating the effectiveness of such interventions on their emotional intelligence and clinical competence.

Optimizing Clinical Reasoning: Unpacking the Impact of Virtual Patient Educational Duration in Cancer Care and Nursing Students’ Experiences

Background: Teaching clinical reasoning to nursing students is essential for professionalizing and improving cancer patient care. This study investigates how training duration with Virtual Patients (VPs) impacts clinical reasoning and learners’ evaluation of their experiences. Materials and Methods: The present semi-experimental study was conducted with a pretest–post-test design and a control group. Through the census sampling method, 74 nursing students from Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran, (in their 4th and 5th semester) who had taken the cancer course were selected (2019-2022) and, upon obtaining their consent, were enrolled in the study. The study began with a pretest, followed by engagement in five VP scenarios over 6 weeks, which was followed by the post-test phase. Data were collected via 23-item tests and the Huwendiek Questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed in SPSS software using correlation tests and t-tests. Results: The outcomes revealed a noteworthy disparity between the mean scores recorded in the pre-test and post-test stages after training, for both the 4th and 5th semester cohorts (p ≤ 0.001). Moreover, a notable discrepancy surfaced between the duration of training with VPs and the average post-test score (p ≤ 0.001). The correlation coefficient, for the 4th semester, stood at 0.65, while for the 5th semester, it was 0.213. Notably, the participants exhibited contentment with the learning experience through VPs. Conclusions: The survey found that 85.60% of participants prefer using VPs for clinical reasoning education. Our study underscores the link between the duration of VP interaction and improved clinical reasoning skills in nursing students.

Academic Engagement in Undergraduate Nursing Students in Swat

One of the most important factors affecting students' learning outcomes, overall growth, and academic achievement is academic engagement. Engagement is particularly important in nursing education because it has a direct impact on the development of critical thinking, clinical decision-making, and patient care abilities. Objective: To measure the level of academic engagement among nursing students in Swat. Methods: A cross-sectional study methodology was utilized, encompassing 218 nursing students from five private nursing colleges in Swat. Students enrolled in the 4th, 5th, and 8th semesters were selected using a convenience sampling technique. Data were collected using the Academic Engagement Scale, which consists of 14 items covering three subscales: vigor, dedication, and absorption. The scale uses a seven-point rating system, with scores ranging from 1 (never) to 7 (always). Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 26.0, including descriptive statistics and frequency tables. Results: The research indicated that 89.4% of participants were male, and 89% of the students were aged 20 to 24 years. The average academic engagement score was 70.57 out of 98, indicating a relatively high level of engagement among the students. Conclusions: It was concluded that nursing students in Swat display a considerable degree of academic engagement, achieving an average score of 70.57 out of 98. This indicates active involvement in academic activities, which is crucial for the development of key skills necessary for nursing practice.

Description of Science Literacy Epistemic Knowledge Ability of Chemistry Education Students on the Material of Colligative Properties of Solutions

The ability of science literacy epistemic knowledge is a fundamental thing that must be owned by students in facing the global era to be able to meet the needs of life in various situations. Epistemic knowledge can be said to be a more advanced level of knowledge because epistemic knowledge is closely related to the process of knowledge construction. This study aims to determine the science literacy skills of chemistry education students on the material of colligative properties of solutions. The research method used was a descriptive quantitative method. The study used a sample of 25 samples of 6th semester and 4th semester students using purposive samples. Data collection techniques in this study through measurement techniques and direct communication techniques. The research instrument used in this research is a science literacy test that has been modified and adapted to the material of the colligative properties of the solution. The validation used in this study used construct validity and was validated by judgment experts in material and literacy with valid final results. The results of the research on the ability of epistemic knowledge of science literacy of chemistry education students FKIP Untan shown based on the test of science literacy skills with epistemic knowledge of science literacy on indicators explaining the process of scientific phenomena with an average percentage of 75% with sufficient category. Explaining observations of scientific phenomena with an average percentage of 74% with a sufficient category. Concluding scientific phenomena with an average percentage of 69% with a sufficient category. The overall total average of students' science literacy skills is 73.33% with a sufficient category.

Perceptions about Foreignization and Domestication: A Case Study of Undergraduate Students at NUML, Islamabad

The following study aims to find out the attitudes of the undergraduate students of 8th semester, studying at National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, about the two techniques of translation, foreignization and domestication. The concept of foreignization and domestication was put forwarded by an American translation theorist, Lawrence Venuti, in 1995 in his work A Translator’s Invisibility. Two translated paragraphs of Ismat Chughtai’s short story, Do Hath, are given to the students. One is written using domestication, and the other is written leaving imprints of the source culture. The research is exploratory as interviews are conducted to corroborate the study. For analysis of interviews, Kathy Charmaz’s model of interview analysis is used. The model was given in 2012 in Charmaz’s book about the Grounded Theory. It is found that the students of the English Department of NUML, Islamabad, who have studied Translation Studies as a subject in their previous semester (7th semester), asserts that the technique of foreignization should be prioritized while translating texts from Urdu to English.

Learning English through Drama-Based Approach (DBA): A Pedagogical Stylistic Experiment with Pygmalion

This study explores the effectiveness of using a new approach called drama-based approach in helping to learn English language. This approach was pioneered by Dorothy Heathcote in 1950. Heathcote, a drama teacher, developed this technique to help young children communicate confidently in English. In this research, the same theatrical method is employed to enhance students' spoken English skills. The chosen medium for the dramatic activity is George Bernard Shaw's play Pygmalion (1916), focusing on selected passages relevant to English language learning. The research incorporates both qualitative and quantitative methods, demanding active participation from students in the play. They engaged by taking on various roles of characters, as opposed to being passive listeners under a teacher's direction. This research took place in Dera Ismail Khan at Government College No. 1, involving 5th semester students who were divided into two groups: a control group and an experimental group. The experimental group performed the play through role-play and dialogue reading, while the control group read the play through traditional methods without any active engagement. The experimental study unfolded in three stages: a questionnaire, an intervention combined with improvisation, and an exam. Results were statistically measured and compared across both groups. The experimental group outperformed the control group in spoken English, demonstrating that a drama-based approach effectively facilitates the students in learning English language. This method allowed students to easily grasp themes, central message, linguistic elements, and character relationships, enhancing their understanding as well as their accents. The heightened engagement and enjoyment expressed by the students indicated a positive reception of this learning activity.

Designing and implementation of a mobile application for teaching population oral health needs assessment for dental students; a non-randomized trial

ObjectiveThis study investigates the effectiveness of a newly developed smartphone-based application for teaching population oral health needs assessment to undergraduate dental students.MethodsTarget population in this study consisted of all students of Shahid Beheshti School of dentistry in the 7th and 8th semesters in the year 2023. The intervention group (7th semester) received teaching about population oral health needs assessment based on the book “Oral health surveys; basic methods”, by means of an application, while the control group (8th semester) received the same content through self-learning activity. A questionnaire inquiring about the students’ general aspects of smartphone usage, attitude towards learning based on mobile devices (m-learning), and level of knowledge about the content of the book was used for data collection.ResultsMost dental students used smartphones extensively and expressed positive attitudes toward mobile learning with no significant statistical difference between intervention and control groups. However, both groups demonstrated limited knowledge gain from the book content, with the mobile application showing no superiority to self-learning education.ConclusionThe present study did not demonstrate superior effectiveness of a smartphone app compared to traditional teacher-centered instruction, but the students’ significant mobile usage and positive attitude towards m-learning suggest potential for further investigation in dental education.

The Influence of the Quantity of Memorizing Surahs and Muroja'ah Al-Qur'an on Students' Cognitive Learning Outcomes

This study aims to identify whether there is an influence between the quantity of memorization of the Quran and muroja'ah on students' cognitive learning outcomes using regression analysis with the independent variables being the quantity of memorization of the Quran and the quantity of muroja'ah and the dependent variable being students' cognitive learning outcomes . Most previous studies only highlight the effects of memorization on general aspects such as improving learning outcomes, without specifically measuring the impact of the quantity of memorization and the intensity of muroja'ah on students' cognitive learning outcomes. This study attempts to fill this gap by analyzing the relationship between memorization of the Quran and academic achievement in more depth. The sample used was 50 6th semester students spread across various study programs at FITK UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. Sampling was carried out randomly with the assumption that the characteristics of the students were homogeneous. The results of the study showed that 80% of students had memorized 30 surahs in Juz 30, and on average they did the muroja'ah memorization 7 times a week. For the dependent variable, the average GPA obtained by students is 3.85. In the results of the hypothesis test, the F-count value is 10.93 and the significance value is 0.001 with an alpha setting of 0.05. So, it can be concluded that H0 is rejected so that there is at least 1 independent variable that influences students' cognitive learning outcomes, then the results of the partial test showed that the quantity of memorizing the surah of the Qur'an affects students' cognitive learning outcomes with a significance value of 0.004 which is smaller than 0.05. The quantity of memorizing the surah of the Qur'an affects learning outcomes with an R2 value of 46% and the remaining 54% is influenced by other factors not used in this study. For educators and curriculum developers, they can integrate memorization techniques into the curriculum, develop a supportive learning environment, and utilize educational technology to increase student motivation and involvement in the learning process.

THE EFFECT OF THE WISATA ALAM INDONESIA APPLICATION ON USER’S EXPERIENCE USING USABILITY TESTING AND QUESTIONNAIRE

This research aims to find out the effect of Wisata Alam Indonesia application on user experience using Usability Testing and the User Experience Questionnaire (UEQ) method. The study focuses on 6th semester students of class A from the English Education Study Program at Universitas Nias. Data were collected using a questionnaire that measures six scale: attractiveness, efficiency, perspicuity, dependability, stimulation, and novelty and five components of usability testing: learnability, efficiency, memorability, errors, satisfaction. The research findings show that the Wisata Alam Indonesia application has a positive effect on user experience, with the highest scores in attractiveness (mean score = 4.73) and novelty (mean score = 10.15). However, areas such as efficiency (mean score = 3.65) and perspicuity (mean score = 3.19) present opportunities for improvement. The overall average score for user experience was 46.42, while the usability testing of the application revealed a mean score of 45.00. The correlation coefficient (r = 0.896) indicates a very strong positive relationship between the usability of the application (Wisata Alam Indonesia) and user experience. The hypothesis testing results support this conclusion, with the t-test showing thitung = 9.911 &gt; ttabel = 2.063 and the F-test indicating Fhitung = 98.228 &gt; Ftabel = 4.259, both of which confirm the rejection of H0 and acceptance of Ha. These results suggest that the Wisata Alam Indonesia application can enhance user satisfaction, but adjustments in certain usability components could further improve the experience.

The Effect of Training Based on the SCORPIO Model on the Knowledge and Skills of Airway Management Peri-Anesthesia Induction in Undergraduate of Nursing Anesthesiology Students

Background: Using novel educational methods in teaching medical sciences is very important. The SCORPIO model is one such method that can be used as an interactive educational station and a combination of other educational methods. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the SCORPIO model in the acquisition of knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction among undergraduate nursing anesthesia students. Methods: The present study was a randomized controlled study with a pre-test-post-test design including an intervention and a control group. The participants were undergraduate nursing anesthesia students studying in the 3rd and 5th semesters. Sixty students were selected using convenience method and were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. In order to collect data, a researcher-made questionnaire was used to assess the students’ knowledge and an OSCE test to assess their skills. The intervention group attended three 2-hour training sessions where the knowledge and skills of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction was taught using the SCORPIO model. The control group, on the other hand, received the same content through conventional teaching methods including lectures and the use of manikins in three 2-hour sessions. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of demographic characteristics (p&lt;0.05). The mean score of students' knowledge of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.83) 12.47 in the intervention group and (1.71) 12.63 in the control group. Also, the mean score of students' skill of airway management during peri-anesthesia induction before the intervention was (1.44) 12.07 in the intervention group and (1.43) 12.43 in the control group, which indicated no statistically significant difference according to independent t-test (p=0.71 and p=0.32, respectively). After the intervention, however, the results of the paired t-test showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the knowledge and skill scores, with the students in the intervention group obtaining higher scores of knowledge and skills (p&lt;0.001), while this was not the case in the control group (p=0.26 and p=0.64, respectively). Conclusion: The SCORPIO model improves the knowledge and skills of airway management peri-anesthesia induction in undergraduate nursing anesthesia students.

Digital Literacy in Visual Content: English Literature Students’ Perspective of Universitas Negeri Medan towards Instagram Posts in @rappersrelated Account

This research explores English Literature students’ perspectives on digital literacy through visual content on the @rappersrelated Instagram account. The main focus is how this platform facilitates digital literacy skills by using design composition analysis, supporting critical thinking, and enriching aesthetic appreciation and cultural trends. This research used qualitative methods with the participation of 10 UNIMED English Literature 7th semester students to gain in-depth insights into their experiences. Thematic analysis showed that Instagram enhances visual literacy, but also faces challenges such as ambiguous interpretation and limited cultural context. The findings provide valuable insights into the role of social media in supporting digital literacy in the digital age.

Exploring EFL Students' Creativity and Engagement with AI Chatbot in Web-Based English Course

This research explores the role of AI-based chatbot tools in promoting creativity and engagement among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) students in web-based English material development course. A qualitative research design was employed, involving in-depth interviews and observation checklists. The research was conducted at the English Education Faculty in Parangtambung of Universitas Negeri Makassar, with data collection spanning from May 12, 2024, to June 9, 2024. Participants included five undergraduate students from the 6th semester based on their familiarity with AI chatbots. The subjects of this research were undergraduate students enrolled in the English web-based material development course. Specifically, five students with prior experience or familiarity with AI chatbots were chosen to provide detailed insights through interviews and observations. The findings indicate that AI chatbots significantly encourage creativity among EFL students by providing a safe space for language experimentation and immediate feedback. Students reported increased engagement and enjoyment in their learning process. The research concludes that while AI chatbots can effectively foster creativity and engagement, careful integration and continuous monitoring are necessary to maximize their educational benefits.

Retention of Cardiorespiratory Anatomy Knowledge Among Universitas Ailangga Medical Students With History of COVID-19

Cardiorespiratory anatomy is fundamental knowledge for doctors. However, knowledge retention in medical students decreases over time. Retention is a reflection of memory ability and is affected by many factors, such as COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 is a disease caused by Sars-CoV-2 and has been declared as a pandemic since March 11th 2020. During the pandemic, cardiorespiratory anatomy tests were held in the 1st semester and 4th semester. The objective of this research was to measure the retention difference between students who had suffered from COVID-19 in that period and the ones without a history of COVID-19. This research was a cross-sectional descriptive analytics observational study involving 59 medical students at Universitas Airlangga, Indonesia. It was known that 19 students had suffered from COVID-19, while the other 40 had not. The average score of overall students experienced a significant decrease from 1st semester to 4th semester (p=0.000), both for students who had (p=0.023) and had not suffered from COVID-19 (p=0.001). However, the 1st semester and 4th semester cardiorespiratory anatomy scores of students with a history of COVID-19 were lower than students without a history of COVID-19. Besides scores, the cardiorespiratory anatomy knowledge retention of students who had suffered from COVID-19 (M=86.72%) was also lower than students who had not (M=86.95%). Nevertheless, the retention difference between those two groups of students was not significant (p=0.703).

Geriatric dentistry course effect against ageism among dental students: A cohort study.

The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of geriatric dentistry courses as a combating strategy against ageism among dental students. A pre-post prospective study was conducted in three different dental schools located in the State of Sao Paulo, Brazil, that offered geriatric dentistry courses in their curricula. A questionnaire specifically developed for this research and the "Ageism Scale for Dental Students" (ASDS) were applied before and after geriatric dentistry courses in all three dental schools. Among 184 dental students, 51.6% (n=95) improved their ageism scores. Dental students who improved ASDS scores were more likely to be from a public dental school (56.7%vs. 40.4%; p=.040), in their 8th and 10th semesters (56.7%vs. 40.4%; p=.040), and females (55.6%vs. 36.8%; p=.040). Other factors such as age, ethnicity, history of living with older adults, history of taking care of older adults, and knowledge of ageism were not significantly associated with ageism score improvement. Only institutional affiliation and age remained significant predictors in the final model. In this study, the main variables correlated with reducing ageism among dental students were institutional affiliation and age.

Nurturing Argumentation Skills to Solve Complex Problems through Structured Scaffolding-Guided Inquiry (SSGI)

This study aims to develop a structured scaffolding-guided inquiry (SSGI) learning model that is oriented toward nurturing argumentation skills to solve complex problems. Test the effectiveness of the SSGI model in improving students' argumentation skills to solve complex problems. This research is development research that refers to Dick and Carey. Test the effectiveness of the SSGI learning model in a quasi-experimental pre-test and post-test group design. Argumentation skills to solve complex problems data were collected using an essay test. The research sample used Physics Education students in the 4th semester (N = 30). The significance of the difference in pre-test and post-test scores was analyzed using the t-test. The impact of the SSGI is analyzed using effect size. The result of this study indicates that the SSGI enhances students' argumentation skills to solve complex problems. The increase in students' argumentation skills to solve complex problems was 7% in the high category, 57% in the medium category, and 36% in the low category. The effect size coefficient of the SSGI is 0.78 in the medium category. The SSGI syntax that contributes the most to growing argumentation skills to solve complex problems is the reasoning syntax. Then the next sequence is syntax exploration, closure, and orientation.