50th Anniversary Research Articles

The History of the Zanzibari Amakhuwa: Uprooting, Registration, and Inventions of Home in a Community of Liberated Africans

This article gives a detailed account of the history of the Durban Zanzibari Amakhuwa community, which developed around the descendants of freed slaves brought to Natal by the Royal Navy as “liberated Africans” in the 1870s. It discusses some of the methodological challenges facing researchers studying diasporas of Makua speakers dispersed across the Indian Ocean world through the slave trade and its abolition. These include distortions in the documentary records as well as in oral traditions of memorialization configured and given voice in response to changing social and political contexts. The article offers a detailed critical analysis of the information on the freed slaves and their backgrounds contained in a “Return of Liberated Africans” from 1877. It then discusses how reminiscences of origin have since been creatively reinterpreted in several rounds among descendants of freed slaves and fellow community members between the 1870s and the present, and the ways in which dialectics of inclusion and exclusion have unfolded. The article brings this up to date in an account of the August 2023 celebrations in Durban of the 150th anniversary of the first arrivals of freed slaves. It concludes by debating the implications of different dynamics of memorialization for reparations and historical justice as well as for attempts to establish databases documenting the slave trade in the western Indian Ocean.

100th Anniversary Celebration of Sun Yat‐sen University (SYSU): Polymer Research in SYSU

100th Anniversary Celebration of Sun Yat‐sen University (SYSU): Polymer Research in SYSU

Department of surgical diseases of Yaroslavl state medical university: on the 50th anniversary of its establishment

The article describes the development of the Department of Surgical Diseases at the Yaroslavl State Medical University from 1974 to 2024.

A beacon of global hydrogen development: Commemorating the 50th anniversary of IAHE and honoring the memory of its founder, Professor Turhan Nejat Veziroglu

A beacon of global hydrogen development: Commemorating the 50th anniversary of IAHE and honoring the memory of its founder, Professor Turhan Nejat Veziroglu

Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the annual ASRA spring meeting in Orlando held May 1-3, 2025

Celebrate the 50th anniversary of the annual ASRA spring meeting in Orlando held May 1-3, 2025

From the Archives, in Recognition of the 75th Anniversary of AALAS: Presentations from the 4th Annual Meeting of the Animal Care Panel (1953)

From the Archives, in Recognition of the 75th Anniversary of AALAS: Presentations from the 4th Annual Meeting of the Animal Care Panel (1953)

The future of tourism: an interview with Leslie Vella about the future of tourism in Malta

PurposeAs the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its 10th Anniversary, Dr Ian Yeoman (Hotel Management School Leeuwarden) interviews Leslie Vella (Malta Tourism Authority) about the future of tourism in Malta, drawing upon a series of scenarios as a reflective learning tool.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview.FindingsThe interview discusses the future of tourism in Malta raising issues and reflections, through four scenarios that portray the Mediterranean island: Scenario 1: A Regenerative Future – Reposition, Realignment and Refocus (Transformation), Scenario 2: A Sustainable Pathway – Adaption and Innovative Growth (Growth), Scenario 3: Europe’s Second Class – Second Choice Destination (Stagnation) and Scenario 4: No Tourism (Collapse).Originality/valueUpon critical reflection, scenarios can be seen as a powerful learning device to frame, surface and discuss issues associated with tourism, in this case in Malta.

A century of electrocardiographic progress: A tribute to Willem Einthoven on the 100th anniversary of his Nobel Prize on Medicine and Physiology.

A century of electrocardiographic progress: A tribute to Willem Einthoven on the 100th anniversary of his Nobel Prize on Medicine and Physiology.

70 Years of Korean Education, A Review of Achievements and Challenges: Focusing on Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the Korean Educational Research Association in Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary

70 Years of Korean Education, A Review of Achievements and Challenges: Focusing on Papers Presented at the Annual Conference of the Korean Educational Research Association in Commemoration of the 70th Anniversary

To save the Blue Babies: The 80th anniversary of the first Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt and the 70th anniversary of the first successful tetralogy of Fallot repair.

To save the Blue Babies: The 80th anniversary of the first Blalock-Thomas-Taussig shunt and the 70th anniversary of the first successful tetralogy of Fallot repair.

VASYL STUS IN THE THEATER: FROM THE HISTORY OF THE ISSUE (1980s — 1990s)

The theatrical interpretation of the life and work of Vasyl Stus began in the late 1980s. Dozens of productions across various genres appeared during the period of accumulating and systematizing biographical and artistic material, as well as reinterpreting the figure of Stus. Interest in his personality is evidenced by the performances of both experienced directors and beginners. One of the key tasks of Stus studies is to trace the history of the theatrical experiences that bring Vasyl Stus’s creative life into focus. To model the perception and artistic interpretation of Stus’s personality, it is important to identify various forms of professional performances centered on Vasyl Stus’s life or based on his works, while considering the chronological order of their appearance. These forms include poetic compositions, dramatic compositions, plays, etc. The paper starts a project focusing on the outlined issues and highlights the theatrical productions from the late 1980s and the 1990s. Decades of theatrical exploration of Vasyl Stus’s creative personality represent not only a time of popularizing his works and integrating the poet’s name into the cultural sphere but also a period of directors’ and actors’ search for the potential — both poetic and existential — within Stus’s texts. The strength and significance of the poet’s legacy were proved by the following performances: the poetic composition “Vasyl Stus” (1988) by Volodymyr Kuchynskyi, the dramatic composition “The Bird of Soul” (1989) by Vitalii Sementsov, the musical and dramatic composition “Return” (1989) by Myroslav Hrynyshyn, the monologue “Go through a Hundred Scaffolds, a Man, Having Sight in a Heart” (1992) by Marharyta and Kyrylo Bulkins, the monologue “Damned Years” (1992—1993) by Volodymyr Smotrytel, the play on the occasion of the 60th anniversary of V. Stus’s birth (1998) by Dmytro Stus and Serhii Proskurnia.

War and Peace in Lebanon: On the 80th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

War and Peace in Lebanon: On the 80th Anniversary of the Establishment of Diplomatic Relations

The future of tourism: interview with Ian Yeoman about the Journal of Tourism Futures

PurposeAs the Journal of Tourism Futures celebrates its 10th anniversary, Dr. Albert Postma (NHL Stenden University) interviews Professor Ian Yeoman (NHL Stenden University) as co-editor of the Journal of Tourism Futures and expert on scenario planning in tourism and hospitality.Design/methodology/approachA personal interview.FindingsYeoman shares his expertise on the establishment and evolution of the Journal of Tourism Futures, in the context of the growth of futures thinking in tourism within a science and industry context.Originality/valueThe interview provides insights in the evolution of futures thinking in tourism, reflected in the growth and growing reputation of the Journal of Tourism Futures.

DEDICATION TO THE FIRST UNIVERSITY OF KAZAKHSTAN ON THE EVE OF THE 90TH ANNIVERSARY OF THE AL-FARABI KAZAKH NATIONAL UNIVERSITY

On the eve of the 90th anniversary of the al-Farabi Kazakh National University (and this is quite a respectful time distance), we would like to make a brief excursion into the history of Kazakh National University. The history of the university is rich in various events of scientific, educational and social life, it is saturated with the enthusiasm of the young and the wise mentors, the powerful energy of knowledge and the power of scientific thought. The creative search and painstaking daily work of many generations of students, lecturers and scientists pieced together the glorious fate of the country's First University. The spirit of our university has no boundaries. He fills our lives and gives us confidence in the future. For 90 years, you have proved your independence and uniqueness to us, and we are proud to have been students, lecturers and members of your family. You have created many traditions and continue to inspire our youth to great achievements. You give us the opportunity to grow and develop, showing the world our progress and our future.

Jubilee by telegraph: the 50th anniversary of Queen Victoria’s reign (1887) in the mirror of the Russian press

In the article, the author presents a review of reports on the celebration of Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee (1887) in the leading newspapers and magazines of the Russian Empire, including The Government Gazette and Sankt-Peterburgskie Vedomosti. Additionally, the following periodicals were consulted: “Moskovskie Vedomosti”, “Novoe Vremya”, “Novorossiyskiy Telegraph”, “Vestnik Evropy” and “Vsemirnaya Illyustratsiya”, among others. Given the plethora of literature on the period of Queen Victoria’s reign and the growing interest in jubilee practices amongst British scholars, this topic has yet to be considered from that particular perspective. The article is divided into several thematic sections, including an examination of the characteristics of Russian periodicals, a comprehensive account of the jubilee celebrations themselves, an analysis of the participation of members of the Russian imperial family in the festivities, a discussion of Britain’s role as a colonial power, and more. In the latter half of the nineteenth century, periodicals constituted the principal source of information, and thus were in high demand. On the one hand, the press facilitated the formation of public opinion, thereby serving as an effective conduit for disseminating significant domestic and foreign policy developments. On the other hand, as the number of newspapers proliferated, publishers were compelled to increasingly prioritise the interests of their readership. At that time, telegraph agencies played a pivotal role in the circulation of international news, to some extent standardising the dissemination of information. Concurrently, there were publications that could claim to have their own correspondents on the ground, thereby facilitating the acquisition of a range of exclusive information. The capital’s newspapers and magazines set the tone for the provincial press, which was often constrained to lengthy reprints. Consequently, the Russian public could access news from places as distant as Great Britain.

A Study of Subtitle Translation from the Perspective of Multimodal Discourse Analysis: A Case of My People, My Country

In the context of globalization, audio-visual works produced by ever-evolving information technology provide a quick and convenient channel for bridging cultural divides and communicating with people from all over the world. People harness these productions not only to satisfy their own entertainment needs but also to gain information about other cultures. As manifold cultures and races become increasingly interconnected, the need for intercultural communication is particularly urgent, and with abundant European and American films and cultural productions taking over the world, the significance of subtitle translation cannot be understated. On the surface, subtitle translation transforms one language into another and puts it on screen at the same time. However, at a deeper level, subtitling involves a wide range of cultural and social contexts in both the source and target languages. Translators need to not only use their translation skills to select words and sentences, but also have a deep understanding of the social and cultural aspects of both languages. This is the only way to smoothly accomplish the language transfer and help the audience accurately make sense of the meaning of the words in the film. At the same time, China has entered a new era and is facing unprecedented changes in a century. Only by spreading its own culture, promoting the achievements of excellent Chinese civilization, and gaining widespread international recognition will it be able to stand firm and progress against the tide of globalization. However, even though Chinese film and television products are constantly being produced and innovated every year, there are certain shortcomings in the dissemination of film and television works and the study of subtitle translation. This thesis takes Professor Zhang Delu’s theoretical framework of multimodal discourse analysis as its perspective and selects the subtitle corpus of the film My People, My Country, which was released around National Day in 2019 to celebrate the 70th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, as the object of study. Based on the integrated framework of multimodal discourse analysis, the author carefully selects typical examples from My People, My Country to analyze the effects of multimodal discourse analysis on subtitle translation at the cultural, contextual, content, and expression levels, and investigates how different modalities work together to vividly convey the meaning of the film’s discourse. In conclusion, multimodal discourse analysis theory has injected new momentum into the study of subtitle translation applications, breaking away from the traditional monomodal and symbolic studies and contributing to the international dissemination of more domestic audio-visual cultural products.

Breaking the Silence: Fighting Injustice with Anti-Marginalization Advocacy

This article delves into the persistent issue of human rights violations against Scheduled Castes SC and Scheduled Tribes ST in India, despite the country’s celebration of its 75th anniversary of independence from British rule. It critically examines the historical and ongoing suppression of marginalized communities through the lens of modern - day slavery under the rule of law, with a focus on the legal and societal frameworks that perpetuate such atrocities. The author, a law student, employs a multidisciplinary approach to explore the gaps in the enforcement of legal protections and the stark inequalities that exist within Indian society. Drawing on reports, legal statutes, and the Constitution, the article highlights the increase in crimes against SC and ST communities, underscoring the need for stringent enforcement of laws and a coordinated effort among various stakeholders to address these violations. It proposes remedial measures aimed at systemic transformation, including building capacity, streamlining processes, and sensitizing the public. The article concludes with a call to action for every citizen to contribute to the fight for equality and dignity for marginalized communities, embodying the principles enshrined in the Indian Constitution.

Experts in promotion and prevention - The 100th Anniversary of Finnish public health nurse education

Abstract Issue/Problem Two key public health issues at present are mental health problems and obesity. Both typically begin before adulthood and once occurred, typically persist. Prevention would be important but also economically and humanely sensible. For this, competent experts in preventive work and health promotion are needed. Description of the problem Public health nurse education, originally known as health sister education, was initiated in Finland in 1924, by the Mannerheim League for Child Welfare. The six-month health sister education was targeted at nurses and began from the desire to focus not only on treating diseases but also on promoting health. In the 1940s, education was reformed and in the 1950s significantly expanded. In the 1970s, the professional title changed from ‘health sister’ to ‘public health nurse’. In 1987, the education was extended to 3 years, including the education of registered nurses. In 1992, the education was further extended to 3.5 years. By the beginning of the 21st century, education evolved into 4 years bachelor’s degree. Results In 2024, eighteen Universities of Applied Sciences provide public health nurse education in Finland. The 4-year Bachelor of Health Care in Public Health Nursing -degree (240 ECTS credits) also qualifies for a registered nurse. Nearly half of the education consists of clinical training. In addition, registered nurses can supplement their degrees by completing a one-year education (60 ECTS credits) that qualifies them as public health nurses. Lessons In Finland, approximately 700 new public health nurses graduate annually. They are trained to work independently as experts in preventive work, health promotion, and public health. Around 9,500 Finnish public health nurses work in settings such as maternity and child health clinics, school health services, occupational health care, and outpatient clinics. Key messages • Due to the overcrowding in many healthcare services providing treatment, educating experts in health promotion and disease prevention is crucial now and in the future. • By ensuring competent experts in health promotion and disease prevention, future healthcare services can continue to provide economically and humanely sensible and effective help for people.

A WELL-KNOWN RESEARCHER OF THE HISTORY OF CENTRAL AND EASTERN EUROPE. For the 70th Anniversary of the Czech Historian Professor Jan Rychlík

The purpose of the article is to highlight the contribution of the Czech historian and ethnologist Professor Jan Rychlík to the study of the history of Central and Eastern Europe. The research methodology was aimed at the analysis of the scientist's main publications on the history of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. The applied research principles of historicism, scientific objectivity and systematicity contributed to highlighting the main aspects of J. Rychlík's diverse scientific work. The authors of the article note that for J. Rychlík history became one of the priority objects of scientific study after the Velvet revolution of 1989, when, under the conditions of democratization, historians of Czechoslovakia gained freedom of scientific creativity. Among the relevant research topics was the issue of relations between Czechs and Slovaks in 1918-1992. The scholar thoroughly researched their individual stages and, in particular, the period of the first Czechoslovak Republic 1918-1938 - one of the few democratic states of Central and Eastern Europe at that time. J. Rychlík deeply analyzed and assessed the trends of socio-political, economic, and cultural development of various regions of the First Republic, the peculiarities of interethnic relations, its international position, noted the positive role of this state in the history of the Czechs, Slovaks and Ruthenians-Ukrainians of Transcarpathia. Summarizing Czech-Slovak relations in general for the years 1918-1992, J. Rychlík considered one of the main reasons for the termination of the Czechoslovak state at the end of 1992 to be the failure to create a political Czechoslovak nation. The field of scientific interests of J. Rychlík also includes the national histories of the countries of Central and Eastern Europe, which resulted in the publication of a number of monographs on the past of the states of the region: Bulgaria (2000), Macedonia (2003), Croatia (2007), Slovenia (2011), the Czech Republic (2013), Ukraine (2015, 2022), Slovakia (2023), where the researcher was a co-author. In the conclusions of the article, the authors stated that J. Rychlík is one of the leading contemporary Czech researchers of the history of Central and Eastern European countries. The contribution of J. Rychlík to the study of the history of Czech-Slovak relations from 1918 to 1992 is especially significant. Jan Rychlík's extensive work on the history of the Czech and Slovak state is an important basis for further study of the past of the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic in different periods.

The History and Current State of Neurosurgery in the Republic of Moldova: Celebrating the 25th Anniversary of the Founding of the Department of Neurosurgery

Five billion people worldwide lack access to safe, timely, and affordable surgical and anesthesia care. This deficit is greatest in low- and middle-income countries, especially for specialty surgical services including neurosurgery, due to insufficient personnel, resources, and infrastructure. The southeastern European nation of the Republic of Moldova is one such middle-income country. Discussions with key individuals involved in neurosurgical care in Moldova were conducted to characterize the history and current state of neurosurgery in Moldova. Via a process of chain referral sampling, all practicing neurosurgeons in Moldova were invited to participate in the execution and authorship of this project. Developing from origins in the Soviet Union, neurosurgery became part of the national health system in the 1940s, with the creation of the first neurosurgery department in 1999. Eleven hospitals, including eight public and 3 private, offer neurosurgical services, with 239 beds and 5330 cases performed in 2023. Most attending neurosurgeons and residents are male, but this is changing as women comprise over one-third of residents in training. There is one neurosurgery residency program and a 2-year fellowship in endovascular neurosurgery in Moldova, with further fellowship training received outside of the country. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are available at most centers. This article provides the first-ever description of the history and current state of neurosurgery in Moldova and presents key recommendations to guide the international neurosurgery community in developing neurosurgical care in countries with an unmet need.