7th Survey Research Articles

Association of Psychological Problems for Which Help Was Sought With Physical Illness.

Persons with mental disorders are at increased risk for physical illness. Individuals who seek help for psychological problems might benefit from timely support and interventional approaches. This study aimed to explore the associations between psychological problems for which help was sought and physical illness. The 7th survey of the Tromsø Study, which included 21,083 participants aged ≥40 years, was used in the study. The main exposure was psychological problems for which help was sought. Main outcomes were lifetime prevalence and time to onset of physical illness. Associations between psychological problems and physical illness were analyzed using logistic regression and survival analysis and adjusted for sex, birth year, smoking, education, and income. Data were collected in 2015-2016 and analyzed in 2023-2024. Psychological problems were associated with smoking and having lower income but higher educational attainment. Psychological problems were associated with lifetime prevalence of hypertension, coronary artery disease, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, stroke, kidney disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, arthrosis, migraine, chronic pain, and cancer; ORs ranged from 1.15 (95% CI=1.04, 1.27) to 2.15 (95% CI=1.76, 2.62). Survival analysis demonstrated that individuals with psychological problems are at increased risk for subsequent physical illness; hazard ratios ranged from 1.18 (95% CI=1.06, 1.32) to 2.74 (95% CI=2.06, 3.65). This study found that psychological problems with or without a diagnosis of mental disorder might be an important marker of increased risk for physical illness.

여성 지체장애인의 자존감, 장애 수용, 우울이 행복에 미치는 종단적 효과

Purpose: This study analyzed the longitudinal effects of self-esteem, acceptance of disability, and depression on happiness in women with physical disabilities.
 Method: The subjects of this study were composed of 571 women with physical disabilities. The data in this study came from both of the 6th and 7th survey points in the Panel Survey of Employment for the Disabled 2nd Wave. The data was analyzed using multiple regression analysis.
 Results: First, self-esteem in 6th survey point significantly and positively did predict 7th survey point’s happiness. Second, acceptance of disability in 6th survey point significantly and positively did predict 7th survey point’s happiness. Third, depression in 6th survey point did not predict 7th survey point’s happiness.
 Conclusion: The results of this study suggests that previous point’s happiness, self-esteem, and acceptance of disability play a significant role in predicting following point’s happiness.

Effects of workplace measures against COVID-19 and employees' worry about them on the onset of major depressive episodes: A 13-month prospective study of full-time employees

BackgroundWorkplace measures against COVID-19 may prevent the onset of major depressive episode (MDE) in the working population. This 13-month prospective study aimed to investigate the association of the number of workplace measures against COVID-19 and employees' worry about the measures on the onset of MDE during COVID-19 outbreaks in Japan. MethodsData were collected from employees by using online questionnaires at baseline (May 2020) and the 7th survey (June 2021). The onset of MDE during the follow-up was retrospectively measured at the 7th survey, with a self-report scale based on the Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview according to the DSM-IV/DSM-5 criteria. Participants were asked to report the number of workplace measures against COVID-19 in their companies/organizations and their worry about these measures (scored 0–3). Multiple logistic regression was conducted of MDE on the number of workplace measures and worry about these, adjusting for demographic and work-related covariates and psychological distress at baseline. ResultsAmong 968 respondents employed in May 2020, 827 completed the 7th survey in June 2021 (80%). We excluded 75 respondents who reported they had an MDE in May 2020 or earlier. Worry about workplace measures was significantly associated with the onset of MDE after adjusting for the covariates (OR for 1 score increase, 1.53; 95% CI, 1.02–2.32; p = 0.042). No significant association was found between the number of workplace measures and the onset of MDE. ConclusionsWorrying about workplace measures taken by company/organization may be a risk factor for the onset of an MDE among employees during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Influence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome on Stress and Depressive Symptoms in Nurses: The Korea Nurses' Health Study.

Despite the high risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and stress/depressive symptoms in nurses, limited research has examined the relationship between these conditions in female nurses. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of IBS and the influence of IBS on stress and depressive symptoms in female nurses. We analyzed the data from the Korea Nurses’ Health Study. Among 7667 participants from the 7th survey conducted from December 2018 to September 2019, 178 nurses were identified as having IBS based on the Rome IV criteria. Using the propensity score matching, 712 were selected as a comparison group. Multivariate ordinal logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine the influence of IBS on stress and depressive symptoms. The prevalence of IBS was 2.3% and the prevalence of depressive symptoms among nurses with IBS was 13.5%. Female nurses with IBS were 2.214 times more likely to experience increased stress levels. However, when demographics, dietary habits, sleep quality, and depressive symptoms were considered, having IBS was no longer an influential factor for increased stress levels. When all the variables were considered, female nurses with IBS were still 2.205 times more likely to experience depressive symptoms. Adequate support is needed to relieve depressive symptoms in nurses with IBS.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) in Population Studies in Russia and Norway: Comparison of Prevalence, Awareness and Management.

BackgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite a high prevalence of smoking and respiratory symptoms, two recent population-based studies in Russia found a relatively low prevalence of obstructive lung function. Here, we investigated the prevalence of both obstructive lung disease and respiratory symptoms in a population-based study conducted in two Russian cities and compared the findings with a similar study from Norway conducted in the same time period.MethodsThe study population was a sub-sample of participants aged 40–69 years participating in the Know Your Heart (KYH) study in Russia in 2015–18 (n=1883) and in the 7th survey of the Tromsø Study (n=5271) carried out in Norway in 2015–16 (Tromsø 7) who participated in spirometry examinations. The main outcome was obstructive lung function (FEV1/FVC ratio< lower limit of normal on pre-bronchodilator spirometry examination) with and without respiratory symptoms (chronic cough and breathlessness). In those with obstructive lung function, awareness (known diagnosis) and management (use of medications, smoking cessation) were compared.ResultsThe age-standardized prevalence of obstructive lung function was similar among men in both studies (KYH 11.0% vs Tromsø 7 9.8%, p=0.21) and higher in the Norwegian (9.4%) than Russian (6.8%) women (p=0.006). In contrast, the prevalence of obstructive lung function plus respiratory symptoms was higher in Russian men (KYH 8.3% vs Tromsø 7 4.7%, p<0.001) but similar in women (KYH 5.9% vs Tromsø 7 6.4%, p=0.18). There was a much higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms in Russian than Norwegian participants of both sexes regardless of presence of obstructive lung function.ConclusionThe prevalence of respiratory symptoms was strikingly high among Russian participants but this was not explained by a higher burden of obstructive lung function on spirometry testing in comparison with Norwegian participants. Further work is needed to understand the reasons and health implications of this high prevalence of cough and breathlessness.

The Effect of Changes in Family Developmental Stage According to Child Independence on the Incidence of Depression in South Korean Middle-Aged Adults

Background: The incidence of depression in middle-aged adults is increasing and has been affected by physiological changes and various sociodemographic factors. The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal relationship between depression and changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence in South Korean middle-aged adults living with children.Methods: This study included 1,593 people in the age group of 45-64 years who participated in the first survey of the Korean longitudinal study of aging in 2006. Participants did not have depression, lived with unmarried children, and responded to Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression 10 scale and child-related questions in the 7th survey (2018). The chi-squared test, t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare differences in depression according to general characteristics and family developmental stage. The generalized estimating equation model was used to longitudinally examine the effect of changes in the family developmental stage on the incidence of depression from the 1st to the 7th survey.Results: Changes in the family developmental stage based on child independence have a significant effect on the incidence of depression in middle-aged adults (P=0.000). In addition, in the generalized estimating equation model, the longitudinal association between changes in the family developmental stage and the incidence of depression was confirmed.Conclusions: Therefore, confirming the independence of children as an important factor is essential in the management of depression in middle-aged adults.

A Study of Job Mobility in Middle-aged and Older Adults

본 연구는 한국고용정보원의 고령화연구패널을 이용하여 중·고령층의 일자리 이동에 따른 실태와 일자리 이동 이후의 효과에 관하여 분석한 연구이다. 노후의 복지가 빈약하고, 중·고령자의 경제 활동 참여율이 높은 우리나라의 특수한 상황이지만, 50세 이상의 중·고령자를 대상으로 일자리 이동 현황과 이동 효과에 관한 연구는 없는 상황이다. 연구내용은 일자리 이동 실태를 분석하고, 개인이 일자리 이동으로 얻을 수 있는 효과인 고용 형태, 근로 형태, 월평균 임금 등에 대해서 일자리 이동 이전(6차 조사)과 이동 이후(7차 조사)의 상태를 중심으로 분석하였다. 연구결과로서 일자리 이동의 현황으로 6차에서 7차 사이에 일자리 변동이 없는 동일일자리는 77.3%이고, 일자리 변동은 22.7%(일자리 이동 7.5%, 실직 15.2%)를 차지하고, 직종 대분류 기준에서 동일직종으로의 이동은 40.8%, 다른 직종으로의 이동은 59.2%로 분석되었다. 청년층의 일자리 이동과는 달리 전반적으로 여성, 고연령, 저학력 등에서 동일직종으로의 이동 비율이 높으며, 동일직종으로의 이동이 근로일수, 시간, 월평균 임금 등에서 오히려 부정적인 효과가 있었다. 다만, 중·고령자들 중에서 노후 준비가 잘되어있고, 재정적으로 여유가 있는 경우는 비경제활동상태(은퇴)로 전환되는 현실을 고려하여 분석 결과를 이해할 필요가 있다. 연구 결과는 향후 중·고령층의 일자리 연구의 기초를 마련하며, 정책적 결정에 필요한 근거가 되리라 판단된다.This study analyzes the actual conditions of the elderly people s job mobility and the effects after job mobility using the KEIS s Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing(KLoSA). Through this, the study looks into the status of job mobility, and analyzes the effects that individuals can obtain from job mobility, such as employment type, work type, and average monthly wage, focusing on the status of before job-shift(6th survey) and after movement(7th survey). As for the current status of job mobility, there was no change in 77.3% of the interviewees between the 6th and 7th survey, and 22.7% have moved their jobs(job mobility 7.5%, unemployment 15.2%). Among the people who have shifted their jobs, 40.8% of respondents moved to the same occupational category and 59.2% moved to different type of occupation. Unlike job-shift among young people, women, the elderly, and the low-educated people had a high overall rate of job mobility to the same occupational category, and this shift had a rather negative effect on the number of working days, working hours, and average monthly wages. The results of this study are expected to lay the foundation for future research on jobs for the elderly, and will serve as the basis for policy decisions.

Global myocardial longitudinal strain in a general population-associations with blood pressure and subclinical heart failure: The Tromsø Study.

The early detection of subclinical myocardial dysfunction can contribute to the treatment and prevention of heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to (i) describe myocardial global longitudinal strain (GLS) patterns in a large general population sample from Norway and their relation to established cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; (ii) to determine its normal thresholds in healthy individuals and (iii) ascertain the relation of myocardial GLS to stage A subclinical heart failure (SAHF). Participants (n = 1855) of the 7th survey of the population-based Tromsø Study of Norway (2015-2016) with GLS measurements were studied. Linear and logistic regression models were used for assessment of the associations between CVD risk factors and GLS. Mean GLS (SD) in healthy participants was - 15.9 (2.7) % in men and - 17.8 (3.1)% in women. Among healthy subjects, defined as those without known cardiovascular diseases and comorbidities, GLS declined with age. An increase of systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 10mm Hg was associated with a 0.2% GLS reduction. Myocardial GLS in individuals with SAHF was 1.2% lower than in participants without SAHF (p < 0.001). Mean myocardial GLS declines with age in both sexes, both in a general population and in the healthy subsample. SBP increase associated with GLS decline in women. Our findings indicate high sensitivity of GLS for early subclinical stages of HF.

Lost relation between blood pressure and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D

Background: Low serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels have consistently been associated with hypertension. During the last decades there has been an unexplained reduction in blood pressure (BP) in Western countries. We therefore examined the relation between serum 25(OH)D and BP in the 7th survey of the Tromsø study 2015/2016.Methods: Blood pressure and serum 25(OH)D were measured and life-style factors registered in 15,951 subjects not using BP medication.Results: In unadjusted analyses there was a significant negative association between serum 25(OH)D and systolic and diastolic BP that disappeared after adjusting for relevant confounders. This finding is in contrast to our previous reports on 25(OH)D and BP. We therefore cross-sectionally re-analyzed non-smoking (due to interference by smoking in the 25(OH)D assay) subjects not using BP medication from the 4th survey in 1994/1995 (n = 4108), 6th survey in 2007/2008 (n = 7553) and 7th survey 2015/2016 (n = 13,413). Adjusting for age and BMI, there were significant inverse relations between BP and 25(OH)D in the 4th, to a lesser degree in the 6th, and none in the 7th survey. For males the age- and BMI-adjusted differences in systolic BP between those with serum 25(OH)D < 25 nmol/L versus serum 25(OH)D > 100 nmol/L were 6.2 mmHg, 4.1 mmHg and −0.1 mmHg, for the 4th, 6th and 7th surveys, respectively.Conclusions: Concomitant with a substantial reduction in BP from 1994 to 2015, there has been a loss of relation between 25(OH)D and BP which is hard to explain.

Myocardial perfusion SPECT 2015 in Germany. Results of the 7th survey.

SummaryAimThe working group Cardiovascular Nuclear Medicine of the German Society of Nuclear Medicine presents the results of the 7th survey of myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) of the reporting year 2015.Method268 questionnaires (173 practices [PR], 67 hospitals [HO], 28 university hospitals [UH]) were evaluated. Results of the last survey from 2012 are set in squared brackets.ResultsMPS of 121 939 [105 941] patients were reported. 98 % [95 %] of all MPS were performed with Tc-99m radiopharmaceuticals and 2 % [5 %] with Tl-201. 78 % [79 %] of all patients were studied in PR, 14 % [15 %] in HO, and 8 % [6 %] in UH. A pharmacological stress test was performed in 43 % [39 %] (22 % [24 %] adenosine, 20 % [9 %] regadenoson, 1% [6 %] dipyridamole or dobutamine). Attenuation correction was applied in 25 % [2009: 10 %] of MPS. Gated SPECT was performed in 78 % [70 %] of all rest MPS, in 80 % [73 %] of all stress and in 76 % [67 %] of all stress and rest MPS. 53 % [33 %] of all nuclear medicine departments performed MPS scoring by default, whereas 24 % [41 %] did not apply any quantification. 31 % [26 %] of all departments noticed an increase in their counted MPS and 29 % [29 %] no changes. Data from 89 departments which participated in all surveys showed an increase in MPS count of 11.1 % (PR: 12.2 %, HO: 4.8 %, UH: 18.4 %). 70 % [60 %] of the MPS were requested by ambulatory care cardiologists.ConclusionThe 2015 MPS survey reveals a high-grade adherence of routine MPS practice to current guidelines. The positive trend in MPS performance and number of MPS already observed in 2012 continues. Educational training remains necessary in the field of SPECT scoring.

주관적 건강상태에 따른 사망률 차이

The single-item question of self-assessed health status has consistently been reported to be associated with mortality in some developed countries, even after controlling for a wide range of health measurements and known risk factors for. mortality. It was intended in this study to find out whether or not such a relationship would also be valid in Korea. This study examined the effect of point of reference year on. the, predictive validity of self-assessed health for mortality in 6-year follow-up period. we need to test the validity of the self-assessed health, as an indicator for assessing health status using Cox`s proportional hazard model. For the analysis, we used the data from the 2nd (1999) to the 7th survey of Labor and Income Panel Study, and assessed relative risk of death based on subjective health state by tracing 11,366 people who replied to the question of self-assessed health state in the 2nd year. According to the result, those who reported poor self assessed health state in the 2nd year showed a relatively high death rate, and their relative risk of death was significantly higher. Such a relationship was accentuated if the predictive value of the 2nd survey result would be replaced by the average of the cumulative data on the past six years. Thus, it can be concluded that self-assessed health state is valid as an index for assessing Korean people`s health status.

Epidemiological, Pathological and Dosimetric Status of Japanese Thorotrast Patients

In Japan, several thousand people, three-quarters of whom were war-wounded, have been administered Thorotrast. An epidemiological follow-up study on Thorotrast-administered war-wounded veterans was initiated in 1963. The 7th survey of the study was conducted on 286 veterans at the end of 1986, of whom 262 had received Thorotrast intravascularly and 24 by other routes. Of those who had received Thorotrast intravascularly, 58 were alive, 197 had died and 7 could not be traced. The main causes of death were 56 malignant liver tumors, 18 cirrhoses of the liver, 6 blood diseases and 5 cancers of the extrahepatic bile duct. Statistical analysis showed that the incidences of these disorders were signficantly higher in the Thorotrast cases than in the controls. The lifespans of Thorotrast administered persons decreased with the amount of Thorotrast injected when compared with those of the controls. Between 1945 and 1990, 357 persons who had been administered Thorotrast intravascularly were autopsied, and 240 malignant liver tumors and 4 malignant peritoneal tumors were found. The incidences of the liver and peritoneal tumors in the Thorotrast autopsies were significantly higher than those in the control autopsies, respectively. Histological examination of the Thorotrast-induced malignant liver tumors revealed a chronological change in the incidences of the histological patterns, especially in those of combined malignant tumors. Dosimetry of Thorotrast autopsy materials revealed the following mean dose rates; 26.1 cGy/year in the liver, 91.2 cGy/year in the spleen and 8.5 cGy/year in the bone marrow.

Epidemiological, Pathological and Dosimetric Status of Japanese Thorotrast Patients

In Japan, several thousand people, three-quarters of whom were war-wounded, have been administered Thorotrast. An epidemiological follow-up study on Thorotrast-administered war-wounded veterans was initiated in 1963. The 7th survey of the study was conducted on 286 veterans at the end of 1986, of whom 262 had received Thorotrast intravascularly and 24 by other routes. Of those who had received Thorotrast intravascularly, 58 were alive, 197 had died and 7 could not be traced. The main causes of death were 56 malignant liver tumors, 18 cirrhoses of the liver, 6 blood diseases and 5 cancers of the extrahepatic bile duct. Statistical analysis showed that the incidences of these disorders were significantly higher in the Thorotrast cases than in the controls. The lifespans of Thorotrast administered persons decreased with the amount of Thorotrast injected when compared with those of the controls. Between 1945 and 1990, 357 persons who had been administered Thorotrast intravascularly were autopsied, and 240 malignant liver tumors and 4 malignant peritoneal tumors were found. The incidences of the liver and peritoneal tumors in the Thorotrast autopsies were significantly higher than those in the control autopsies, respectively. Histological examination of the Thorotrast-induced malignant liver tumors revealed a chronological change in the incidences of the histological patterns, especially in those of combined malignant tumors. Dosimetry of Thorotrast autopsy materials revealed the following mean dose rates; 26.1 cGy/year in the liver, 91.2 cGy/year in the spleen and 8.5 cGy/year in the bone marrow.

Scandinavian quality surveys of gentamicin assays 1978-1983.

During 1978-1983 44 Scandinavian laboratories participated in 7 quality surveys of gentamicin serum assays. In each survey 2 test solutions of gentamicin were distributed. In the first 4 surveys very few non-microbiological assays were used while in the 7th survey almost half the laboratories had access to enzyme immunoassay (EMIT). The gentamicin survey mean (SM) concentrations, which did not differ significantly from the intended concentrations, were used as target values. In survey 1, 65% of the results of either of the 2 test solutions were outside the SM +/- 25% and 16% were outside SM +/- 50% ("highly misleading"). In surveys 5 and 7 the corresponding figures were 27 and 5% and 18 and 0%, respectively. The EMIT performed excellently in all surveys. Agar well diffusion assays using Diagnostic Sensitivity Test agar (Oxoid) performed better than other plate diffusion assays. Laboratories participating regularly performed better than others. It is concluded that the survey program, which continues, provides an external facility for unbiased control of commercially available as well as non-commercial assay techniques and that it has been instrumental in the improvement of gentamicin assay standard. It is stressed that the surveys cannot replace internal quality control, best performed by daily measurement and regular statistical evaluation of samples of known potency.

7th survey congress, Feb., 1964

7th survey congress, Feb., 1964