6LoWPAN Gateway Research Articles

Aggregator based RPL for an IoT-fog based power distribution system with 6LoWPAN

Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) forms an important part in Smart Grids. Routing the data effectively from smart meters to the Edge/Fog node requires an efficient routing protocol. Routing Protocol for Low Power Lossy Area Network (RPL) is a standard routing protocol for IPv6 over Low Power Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN). In a Power Distribution system all the smart meters together form 6LoWPAN network. They communicate with the fog router, which acts as the 6LoWPAN gateway. ContikiRPL was evaluated using Cooja Network simulator for a power distribution network topology. The nodes which were far away from the fog node gave low Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) and large End to End delay. This paper proposes an aggregation RPL scheme by modifying the existing Contiki RPL. The smart meter nodes communicate to the aggregator, which communicates to the fog node. The results show that the aggregation scheme has 35.6% increase in PDR, lesser hop count and 13.24% decrease in End to End delay on an average compared to existing RPL.

End-to-End Delay Enhancement in 6LoWPAN Testbed Using Programmable Network Concepts

This paper introduces a proof-of-concept IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) testbed to study the integration of programmable network technologies in relaxed throughput and low-power Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Open source software and hardware platforms are used in the implemented testbed to increase the possibility of future network extension. The proposed architecture offers end-to-end connectivity via the 6LoWPAN gateway to integrate IPv6 hosts and the low data rate devices directly. Nowadays, software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) are the most promising technologies for dealing with the massive increase in machine-to-machine devices and achieving agile traffic. The developed approach in this paper is entitled tailored software defined-NFV (SD-NFV), which is aimed at reducing the end-to-end delay and improving the energy depletion in sensor nodes. Experimental scenarios of the implemented testbed are conducted using a simple sensing application and the obtained results indicate that the introduced approach is appropriate for constrained IoT devices. By utilizing SD-NFV scheme in 6LoWPAN network, the data delivery ratio increased by 5%–14%, the node operational time prolonged by 70%, the end-to-end latency for gathering sensor data minimized by $\approx 160$ %, and the latency for transmitting control messages to a specified node diminished by $\approx 63$ % when compared to a traditional (non SDN-enabled) 6LoWPAN network.

SD-NFV as an Energy Efficient Approach for M2M Networks Using Cloud-Based 6LoWPAN Testbed

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication is the leading technology for realising the Internet-of-Things (IoT). The M2M sensor nodes are characterized by low-power and low-data rates devices which have increased exponentially over the years. IPv6 over low power wireless personal area network (6LoWPAN) is the first protocol that provides IPv6 connectivity to the wireless M2M sensor nodes. Having a tremendous number of M2M sensor nodes execute independent control decision leads to difficulty in network control and management. In addition, these evergrowing devices generate massive traffic and cause energy scarcity, which affects the M2M sensor node lifetime. Recently, software defined-networking (SDN) and network functioning virtualization (NFV) are being used in M2M sensor networks to add programmability and flexibility features in order to adopt the exponential increment in wireless M2M traffic and enable network configuration even after deployment. This paper presents a proof-of-concept implementation which aims to analyze how SDN, NFV, and cloud computing can interact together in the 6LoWPAN gateway to provide simplicity and flexibility in network management. The proposed approach is called customized software defined-NFV (SD-NFV), and has been tested and verified by implementing a real-time 6LoWPAN testbed. The experimental results indicated that the SD-NFV approach reduced the network discovery time by 60% and extended the node’s lifetime by 65% in comparison to the traditional 6LoWPAN network. The implemented testbed has one sink which is the M2M 6LoWPAN gateway where the network coordinator and the SDN controller are executed. There are many possible ways to implement 6LoWPAN testbed but limited are based on open standards development boards (e.g., Arduino, Raspberry Pi, and Beagle Bones). In the current testbed, the Arduino board is chosen and the SDN controller is customized and written using C++ language to fit the 6LoWPAN network requirements. Finally, SDN and NFV have been envisioned as the most promising techniques to improve network programmability, simplicity, and management in cloud-based 6LoWPAN gateway.

Research and Implementation of Connectivity between the 6LOWPAN Subset and IPV4 Internet Based on CONTIKI

6LowPAN provides IPv6 internet protocol over IEEE 802.15.4. The Internet of things support IPv6 protocol, the current internet primarily supports IPV4. Network Address Translator-Protocol Translator (NAT-PT) technology is integrated in 6Lowpan gateway to support data packet conversion. Internet and internet of things can complete interconnection through NAT-PT. This paper describes the implementation of the connectivity platform, and gives connectivity test results.

Design and implementation of a 6LoWPAN gateway for wireless sensor networks integration with the internet of things

The next big change in the internet paradigm is called the internet of things, in which even the simplest device is connected to the internet. Wireless technologies are important assets in the diffusion of this concept, as they allow the easy and seamless connection of all devices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being established for sensing and actuating critical applications, like industrial automation, domotics and remote patient monitoring. The 6LoWPAN protocol has been proposed as the key to integrate WSNs and internet procotols. It is based in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which is widely used in low power wireless networks. This paper evaluates the mechanisms of header compression and fragmentation of IPv6 datagrams proposed in the 6LoWPAN standard through experiments using a gateway prototype and IEEE 802.15.4 nodes.

Design and implementation of a 6LoWPAN gateway for wireless sensor networks integration with the internet of things

The next big change in the internet paradigm is called the internet of things, in which even the simplest device is connected to the internet. Wireless technologies are important assets in the diffusion of this concept, as they allow the easy and seamless connection of all devices. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are being established for sensing and actuating critical applications, like industrial automation, domotics and remote patient monitoring. The 6LoWPAN protocol has been proposed as the key to integrate WSNs and internet procotols. It is based in the IEEE 802.15.4 standard, which is widely used in low power wireless networks. This paper evaluates the mechanisms of header compression and fragmentation of IPv6 datagrams proposed in the 6LoWPAN standard through experiments using a gateway prototype and IEEE 802.15.4 nodes.

Enabling End‐to‐End Communication Between Wireless Sensor Networks and the Internet Based on 6LoWPAN

In the paradigms of the Internet of things (IoT), sensor nodes could collect the data through the Wireless sensor network (WSN), and could be managed and accessed by human users through the Internet. There are many challenges remain. Taking advantage of IPv6, IPv6 over Low-power personal area networks (6LoWPANs) implemented on resource constrained devices makes the connection possible and easier. This paper is contributing on constructing architecture of the end-to-end communication system based on 6LoWPAN gateway, which enabled convergence of IPv6 network and low-power wireless networking, featuring encapsulating 6LoWPAN adapter layer in a Network adapter driver (NAD) of personal computer. Using real commercial deployment, the result of application test bed shows that the IPv6 hosts could be interactive with IP-based sensor nodes through 6LoWPAN gateway with acceptable latency and packet loss.