4th Group Research Articles

Influence of biologically active substances in the diet on the productive and reproductive traits of pigs

The introduction of biologically active and mineral compounds into the diet of pigs has a benefi cial eff ect on the course of metabolic processes in the body of animals and makes it possible to have a targeted eff ect on the productive and reproductive traits of animals, as well as increasing the profi tability of pig farming. The purpose of the work was to study the infl uence of biologically active substances in the diet on the productive and reproductive traits of pigs. The conducted studies are devoted to the study of the effectiveness of the use of folic acid and trace element salts in the diet of pregnant sows on their reproductive traits, as well as the growth, development and meat productivity of the young pigs. The feeding diet of the animals of the experimental groups was identical, however, the sows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups in addition to the main diet received biologically active additives folic acid and trace element salts from the fi rst to the last day of pregnancy. It was found that in the 1st control group based on one sow a total of 11,0 piglets were obtained, whereas in the 2nd experimental group there was by 1 piglet more, in the 3rd experimental group by 1,5 heads more, and in the 4th experimental by 2,2 heads more. The use of folic acid and trace element salts in the feeding of sows also had a positive effect on the live weight, absolute and average daily live weight gains of the young pigs. Moreover, the best results were obtained in the 4th experimental group, where sows received folic acid and trace element salts together. So, it is economically justified to use biologically active additives based on folic acid and trace element salts in the diet of pigs, which significantly reduces expenditures of feed per unit of production.

Influence of the energy and carbohydrate additive “Tanrem” on milk productivity and milk composition of cows of Holstein breed

The highest sensitivity to deficiencies in feeding is shown by highly productive cows Holstein breed that has become widespread both in Russia as a whole and in the Urals region. Against the background of many advantages of the breed, there are problems with reproduction and negative energy balance after calving. An innovative approach in feeding is the enrichment of the ration of animals with the energy and carbohydrate additive “Tanrem”, nutrients of which being natural prebiotics and energy sources, are able to activate metabolic processes. The purpose of the research was to study the effect of the energy and carbohydrate additive “Tanrem” on milk productivity and milk composition of cows of Holstein breed. Scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out in LLC “Agro-Alliance” in the Chishminsky district of the Republic of Bashkortostan. For the experiment cows of Holstein breed for the third lactation were selected in the amount of 40 animals, which were provided with the same conditions of housing. In order to select the optimal dosages of the additive the animals were divided into 4 groups. Cows of the 1st control group received the main ration adopted on the farm. Cows of the experimental groups consumed a ration enriched with the energy and carbohydrate additive “Tanrem” in a daily dose, respectively: group 2 – 250, group 3 – 500 and group 4 – 750 g/head. For 305 days of lactation the superiority of cows of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups on the control was as follows: 198,2 kg or 2,39 % (p < 0,05), 458,8 kg or 5,53 % (p < 0,001) and 408,9 kg or 4,93 % (p < 0,001), respectively. The data obtained indicate the expediency of enriching the ration of dairy cows with the energy and carbohydrate additive “Tanrem”. The economic analysis confirmed the established fact and indicated that the most effective rate of application of the tested additive is 500 g/head per day.

The content of microelements in the blood of young bulls after correction of diets with deficient microelements

Micronutrients, or micronutrients, are an essential component of the diet of farm animals and play a key role in their health and performance. The importance of trace elements in physiological processes and ensuring the normal functioning of the animal body is highlighted. Micronutrients affect growth, fertility, the state of the immune system, the health of the skin and coat, and metabolism. This scientific study emphasizes the importance of a balanced consumption of trace elements in the diet of farm animals to achieve high-performance indicators and ensure their overall health. It is essential to consider that the deficiency or excess of trace elements in the diet of animals can lead to various problems with health and productivity. Therefore, accurate, balanced nutrition and control over the content of trace elements are critical aspects of animal husbandry. It is essential to consider that different species of animals can show different vulnerability to trace elements, and therefore, it is necessary to ensure the correct balance of trace elements in the diet of each species of animal to preserve their health and productivity. This article describes the feeding of deficient trace elements and their chelated compounds (Fe, Cu, Mn, Co, Zn). The research aimed to investigate the content of microelements (Cu, Pb, Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Ni, Fe) in the blood of young cattle after correcting diets with deficient microelements. The obtained results show that the level of trace elements increased slightly in the animals of the 2nd, 3rd, and especially the 4th experimental group. Thus, at the end of the experiment, the content of trace elements in the cattle of the experimental groups was higher than in the animals of the control group. The highest amount of trace elements in the blood was observed in the fourth experimental group, which was fed chelated compounds of trace elements (methionates) in the following doses: CuMet(0.05), MnMet(0.1), ZnMet(0.1), FeMet(0.05), CoMet(0.03) mg/kg body weight.

Udder Volume and Teat Size of Friesian Holstein Dairy Cows from Post-Weaning Calves to Pregnant Heifers

This study aimed to evaluate the development of udder volume, teat circumference and teat length of Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cows from post-weaning calves to pregnant heifers. The materials used in this study were 60 heifers. The research was conducted by observational method. The groupings of heifers were 1st group (heifer age 4-8 months), 2nd group (heifer age 9-12 months), 3th group (heifer age ≥ 13 months but not yet pregnant), 4th group (gestational age 1-3 months), 5th group (gestational age 4-6 months), 6th group (gestational age 7-9 months). The parameters were udder volume, teat circumference, teat length, heifer age and gestational age. Data analysis used t-test to examine differences in udder volume and teat size between groups of heifers. Linear regression analysis was used to find the relationship between udder volume and teat size with heifer age and gestational age. The results showed that the udder volume, teat circumference, and teat length showed significant differences (P<0.05) between the heifer groups. The 6th group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than the other groups, namely udder volume of 8149.57 cm3, teat circumference of 6.97 cm and teat length of 6.01 cm. There was a significant relationship between udder volume (Y) and heifer age (X), namely Y = -297.204 + 100.801X (R2 = 0.823). While the udder volume (Y) with gestational age (X) has the equation Y = 993.711 + 889.841X (R2 = 0.772). It can be concluded that the increasing heifer age and gestational age, the volume of udder and teat size will increase.

Effects of metformin and ganirelix on subcutaneous endometriosis in a mouse model of autophagy-related cell death.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of metformin and ganirelix on subcutaneous endometriotic tissues created in an experimental mouse model. Five groups were formed with eight animals in each group. One of the groups was set as the control group. Endometriotic lesions were created by transplanting 40 mouse autologous endomyometrial tissues into the mouse subcutaneous tissue to a highly vascular surface. Gene expression analyzes of tissues were performed as HIF-1α, ATG5, ATG12, Beclin2, Beclin1, LC3BII, CateninB, GSK3b, TCF, WNT2, WNT7α, and WNT10α gene analyzes. Drug effects were examined by histological examination. HIF1a and WNT2 protein expressions were examined immunohistochemically. Gene expression coefficients of control, metformin day 1 (Met1g), metformin day 7 (Met7g), ganirelix day 1 (Gnx1g), and ganirelix day 7 (Gnx7g) groups are shown in tables. Data are presented as mean and standard error. Beclin2 gene expression coefficients of metformin 1st day, metformin 7th day, ganirelix 1st day, and general 7th day groups were found to have significantly decreased compared with the control group coefficient. Beclin1 gene expression coefficients of metformin 1st day, metformin 7th day, ganirelix 1st day, and genirelix 7th day groups were found to have significantly decreased compared with the control group coefficient. LC3BII gene expression coefficients of metformin 1st day and metformin 7th day groups were found to have significantly decreased compared with LC3BII gene expression coefficients of control, genirelix 1st day, and genirelix 7th day groups. These findings were supported by histological and immunohistochemical staining. These genes are actively involved in the autophagy pathway, and we think that the use of metformin in endometriosis might create an autophagy-based suppression mechanism.

Effects of celecoxib on AQP-1, NF-κB and apoptosis in lung tissue of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury.

To analyze the effects of AQP-1, NF-κB and apoptosis in lung tissue of neonatal rats with hyperoxia-induced lung injury (HILI).162 neonatal SD rats were divided into control group (COG), model group (MOG) and celecoxib group (CEG), 54 rats in each group. Each group was subdivided into 1st, 5th and 10th-day groups with 18 rats in each group. The neonatal rat model of HILI was established. Nine rats in each group were randomly selected on the 3rd, 6th and 12th day respectively. The level of oxidative stress (OS) in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF), the pathological changes of lung tissue, the ratio of lung wet weight to dry weight (W/D), the expression of inflammatory factors in lung tissue, the l AQP-1 and NF-κB level and apoptosis in lung tissue were tested. In comparison with COG, the level of MDA in BALF, the ratio of lung W/D, the expression level of IL-6, TNF- α, NF- κB and the number of apoptotic cells in lung tissue were significantly increased, while the level of SOD in BALF and AQP-1 in lung tissue notably decreased in the MOG (P<0.05). The level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in BALF, the ratio of lung W/D, IL-6, TNF-α, NF-κB and plenty of apoptotic cells in lung tissue in CEG were notably decreased than MOG(P<0.05), while the level of SOD in BALF and AQP-1 in lung tissue were raised in CEG. In the COG, the lung tissue structure was complete, the arrangement was neat, the alveolar cavity was clear, and there was no inflammatory infiltration. With the extension of time, the inflammatory infiltration of lung tissue in the MOG gradually increased, the plenty of red blood cells gradually increased, and the size of the alveolar cavity varied; compared with the MOG, the inflammatory infiltration in the CEG decreased and the plenty of red blood cells decreased. Celecoxib can improve oxidative injury, inhibit inflammation, up-regulate AQP-1 and down-regulate NF-κB, inhibit apoptosis, and have a certain protective effect on HILI in neonatal rats.

The influence of acelysin and nimotop on the cellular response of the hippocampus during the dynamics of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage

Aim. Immunohistochemical study of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes at different time-points of experimental brain hemorrhage treated with acelysin and nimotop. Materials and methods. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was modeled according to R. V. Dudhani et al. using 35 Wistar rats which were divided into 7 groups. Animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, for 4 and 7 days respectively received acelysin at a dose of 15 mg/kg once a day; animals of the 3rd and 4th groups received nimodipine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg every 8 hours for 4 and 7 days. In groups 5th and 6th (control), SAH was modeled without treatment with observation periods of 4 and 7 days, respectively. The 7th group consisted of intact animals. Hippocampal CA1 fields were studied immunohistochemically evaluating the expression of CASP3, NeuN, GFAP by the relative area of immunostaining in ImageJ. Results. CASP3 expression in hippocampal neurons increases by 2.3 and 5.7 times on day 4 and by 1.8 and 3.9 times on day 7 of experimental SAH (groups 1–4) compared to intact group. GFAP expression increases in all observation groups compared to intact animals with the maximum values in the 5th group – by 8.14 times. The dynamics of NeuN expression in hippocampal neurons when using acelysin and nimotop corresponds to the inverse dynamics of CASP3 expression. The NeuN expression increases maximally on the 7th day of acelysin use and is equal to 91.76 % of the intact group values. Conclusions. The experimental SAH is accompanied by a change in the expression of CASP3, NeuN in neurons and GFAP in astrocytes. The use of acelysin and nimotop leads to decrease in CASP3 expression in hippocampal neurons on the 4th day by 3.82 and 1.54 times compared to control group, and on the 7th day by 4.00 and 1.84 times, respectively, which reflects the positive effect of the therapy on the prevention of apoptotic death of hippocampal neurons. Compared with nimotop, the use of acelicine significantly increases the expression of NeuN on day 4 and 7 – by 1.84 and 1.95 times, respectively, which indicates a more pronounced neuroprotective effect of acelysin on hippocampal neurons in SAH. Increased GFAP expression reflects the dynamic reactive remodeling of astrocytes, while the use of acelysin and nimotop does not affect the reduction of GFAP levels on days 4 and 7 of SAH and their return to baseline values. The results of the present experimental study provide a theoretical justification of the feasibility of including metabolitotropic drugs in the basic therapy of SAH.

Ameliorative Capacity of Rice Husk Extract on Codeine-induced Testicular Dysfunction in Male Wistar Albino Rats

Rice husks (RHs) is an agro waste generated from rice production with limited application. Codeine belongs to the numerous drugs of abuse worldwide and its impact on reproductive injury has been reported. This study was designed to establish the ameliorative potential of brown rice husk extract (RHE) against reproductive damage induced by codeine misuse. Experimental rats were grouped into six groups with six rats per group: Group I received only rat chow and clean water for 30 days. Group II received only codeine 10 mg/kg body weight (b.w) of rats. Group III received only RHE 500 mg/kg b.w of rats. The 4th, 5th and 6th groups received codeine 10 mg/kg/b.w alongside 250 mg, 500 mg and 1000 mg RHE, respectively. Treatments (RHE and codeine) were administered once during the early hours between 9-10 am daily for 30 days, the animals were sacrificed, and blood and tissue samples were harvested. Male reproductive hormones such as testosterone, Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and sperm quality parameters were assayed. The testis tissues were excised and examined for histopathological changes. The result revealed that high dose codeine administration significantly decreased epidermal morphology, motility, and sperm count as well as testosterone, FSH, and LH concentrations, respectively. The histopathological examination revealed distinct abnormal changes in the codeine control group when compared with the other experimental groups. RHE administration significantly improved the altered assayed parameters.

Influence of multienzyme drugs in the diets of broiler chickens on their hematological parameters

In order to intensify modern poultry farming, close attention is paid to breeds, crosses with high growth potential. The poultry diet should be balanced in terms of metabolic energy and protein due to the inclusion of several ingredients and additives. Specialists of the agro-industrial complex have accumulated a large amount of research on the eff ective use of biologically active drugs in poultry farming. The use of enzyme drugs contributes to an increase in the level of energy nutrition, as well as accelerated growth and development of farm animals and poultry. The purpose of our work was to improve of production traits and hematological parameters in broiler chickens when using diff erent multi enzyme drugs in their diets. A scientifi c and economic experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Ross 308 under the conditions of a poultry farm of the IP Fitisov G. N., village Ozerny in the Caucasian district of the Krasnodar Territory. The broilers of the 1st control group received wheat and corn compound feed. The following multi enzyme drugs were additionally included in the diet of chickens of the experimental groups: the 2nd experimental group – Natugrain TS 100 g/t of compound feed, the 3rd experimental group – Rovabio Excel AP 50 g/t of compound feed, the 4th experimental group – Ronozim Multigrain 125 g/t of compound feed, the 5th experimental group – Akstra HV 100 g/t of compound feed, 6th experimental group – Akstra HAR 100 g/t of compound feed, 7th experimental group – Hostazim Combi 100 g/t of compound feed, 8th experimental group – Vilzim 20 g/t of compound feed and 9th experimental group – Enzyme Complex 750 g/t compound feed. The conditions of housing and feeding for broiler chickens of the experimental groups were the same and corresponded to the zoo and hygienic requirements for housing and feeding poultry. The use of multi enzyme drugs in compound feed for broiler chickens allowed us to increase live weight by 4,76–13,87 %, reduce expenditures of feed per unit of live weight gain by 4,73–12,43 %. The inclusion of multi enzyme drugs in the formula of compound feed allowed us to improve blood parameters. For example, there was an increase in the number of red blood cells, total protein, calcium, phosphorus and a decrease in the number of white blood cells. Thus, the introduction of multi enzyme drugs into compound feed for broiler chickens had a positive effect on the productive indicators of poultry and also on morphological and biochemical parameters of blood.

Counteract severe heat stress by including different forms of zinc in the rabbit bucks’ diet

The harmful influences of global warming on rabbit reproduction and industry attract global attention. Zinc (Zn) is an important trace element with a wide list of functions in the male reproductive system. The aim of this study was to estimate the effects of different forms of zinc supplementation, as organic (Zn methionine), nano (nano Zn oxide) as indirect way to minimized it impact on environment, and inorganic (Zn sulphate) on physiological parameters, semen quality, anti-oxidative status, hormonal profiles of male rabbits subjected to server heat stress. Thirty-six V-line bucks (6–7 months old, 2842.29 ± 34.46 g weight) were randomly distributed to 4 groups, bucks in 1st group (control group, Con) fed basal diet without Zn supplementation, the 2nd, 3rd and 4th groups fed basial diet with 30 mg/kg of zinc methionine (Zn-Met), nano zinc oxide (ZnO-NPs), and zinc sulphate (Zn-S), respectively for a period of 10 weeks suffered from severe heat stress of environmental ambient temperature (over 32 of temperature humidity index, THI). Semen samples were collected and evaluated for volume, pH, motility, concentration, viability, initial fructose, and seminal plasma antioxidant concentration. Liver, kidney function, hormonal and antioxidant profile were measured in blood serum. The results revealed that, compared to control, all forms of Zn supplementation used significantly improved kidney function (creatinine), serum antioxidant (SOD and CAT), physiological parameters, especially on 1st month of the experiment, and seminal plasma antioxidant (SOD and CAT) of heat stressed bucks. Likewise, semen quality in terms of sperm concentration, sperm viability, and initial fructose enhanced significantly (P ≤ 0.05) by ZnO-NPs supplementation. Zinc methionine supplementation significantly improved liver function and decreased seminal plasma TBARs. Treatments with Zn-Met and ZnO-NPs increased seminal TAC and blood testosterone levels with reduced blood cortisol levels compared to other groups. Severe heat stress could be counteract by inclusion Zn with studied forms Zn-Met and ZnO-NPs at recommended dose (30 mg/kg diet) to improve semen quality and antioxidant status.

Ameliorative synergistic therapeutic effect of gallic acid and albendazole against Trichinella spiralis muscular phase infection and assessment of their effects on hepatic and cardiac tissues in male mice

Trichinellosis is a serious food-borne parasitic disease with serious community health effects, mainly causing muscle damage with no recent approved treatment. This study aimed to assess the therapeutic effect of gallic acid (GA) as a potent antioxidant against the encysted phase of Trichinella spiralis in male (BALB/c) mice alone or combined with albendazole (ALB) and to detect their synergistic effects on the histology and ultrastructure of skeletal and cardiac muscles and some biochemical blood analyses. Forty male mice were randomly divided into five groups (8 mice/group). 1st group: the negative control received only distilled water, 2nd group: the positive control (infected control group without treatment), 3rd group: infected group plus treatment with ALB (50 mg Kg−1 orally), and 4th group: infected group and then treated with GA (30 mg Kg−1 orally) and finally 5th infected group treated with a combination of both ALB and GA. Aspartate and Alanine aminotransferase, Lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-4 and Creatine kinase were used as biochemical markers of hepatic and cardiac toxicity and inflammation. Malondialdehyde level, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were evaluated in heart tissue homogenates beside histological and ultra-structural examination of heart and skeletal muscles beside parasitological analyses. Results showed that the reduction % of Trichinella sp. larvae g−1 in muscles of the group treated with the combination of GA and ALB showed overall reduction percentages. Oral administration of 30 mg kg1 of GA led to infection reduction of T. spiralis than ALB treated group. Both administration of ALB beside GA showed the best treatment group that resulted in high infection reduction besides amelioration of both biochemical markers and restoration of histological and ultrastructures to normal state. In conclusion, GA is highly effective against T. spiralis which could be a promising alternative antioxidant drug and the GA effect was higher in the case of combination with ALB. This experiment provides a basis for further exploration of potent activities of other antioxidants against different phases of T. spiralis and the reduction of any health hazards prospectively.

On the need to increase the age categories of male military personnel for rationing of the nutritional status

Introduction. The purpose of the study is scientific and methodological justification of the need to increase the number of age groups to clarify the standards for assessing the nutritional status of military personnel.&#x0D; Materials and methods. The study involved one thousand three hundred seventy six 18 to 53 years male servicemen under medical examination. The following methods were used: anthropometry, assessing body composition (bioimpedance, caliperometry), the functional state and adaptive reserves. Statistical data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Excel and Statistica 10.0 software products.&#x0D; Results. Based on the results of the analysis of literary sources and own research, for assessing and rationing of the nutritional status there were identified 4 age groups of military personnel, differed from each other at a highly reliable level (p&gt;0.001) for all the studied indicators.&#x0D; It was found that representatives of the 1st age group (18–20 years) were characterized by the best values of adaptation of the cardiovascular system and the body’s resistance to physical exertion, as well as high reserve functionality and recovery rate after physical exertion. Representatives of the 2nd age group (21–27 years old) are objectively the best in most of the indicators studied by us compared to other age groups. In the military personnel of the 3rd age group (28–35 years), in general, with satisfactory results for most of the parameters studied, there was a significant decrease in the indicators of the functional state, compared with the first two groups. Representatives of the 4th age group (36 years and over) had the highest percentage of values of the studied indicators below the norm.&#x0D; Limitations. The medical examination, which included measurements of body size, composition, and assessment of functional status, involved 1,376 18 to 53 years male servicemen, which is a sufficient reference sample. &#x0D; Conclusion. The necessity of increasing the number of age groups to assess the nutritional status in male servicemen is substantiated. Based on the conducted research, 4 age groups of military personnel were identified to assess the nutritional status, which differ from each other at a highly reliable level.

The effect of different treatment protocols with diode laser on regeneration in axonetmesis ınjuries of the ınferior alveolar nerve: an animal study.

The inferior alveolar nerve can be damaged during dental procedures, leading to symptoms, such as tingling, numbness, and reduced quality of life. Recovery depends on factors such as medications, surgery, and photobiomodulation therapy. Photobiomodulation therapy has shown the potential to improve nerve function and reduce regeneration time; however, there is no standard treatment protocol yet. This study aimed to examine the effect of diode lasers on nerve regeneration in patients with axonetmesis injuries. In this experiment on animals, Wistar rats' damaged sensory systems were treated with lasers to restore them. Animals were randomly divided into six groups: a sham group, a control group, and four laser treatment groups(1st group: performed every day, 10 sessions; 2nd group: performed every 2 days, 10 sessions; 3rd group: performed every day, 20 sessions; and 4th group: performed every 2 days, 20 sessions). Sensory function was determined using the Semmes-Weinstein monofilament test, which was repeated after the surgical procedure. The results showed that the 20-session group had the best improvement, most closely resembling the group without sensory test damage. The histomorphometric results showed that the number of axons was significantly lower in the group that received 10 daily sessions and in the control group than in the undamaged nerve. Axon diameter was lower in all groups than in the sham group. In conclusion, the remarkable aspect of this study is that consecutive-day 20-session laser treatment showed better improvement than the over-the-day 20-session treatment protocol.

Incidence of premature ventricular contractions in patients with cardiovascular diseases risk factors

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Aim of the study To establish the incidence of premature ventricular contractions among individuals with high and very high risk of cardiovascular diseases. Materials and methods During the period between 2007-2013 a total of 4,214 individuals were examined, age ranged from 35 to 85 years. Each individual underwent 24-hour Holter monitoring. All participants of the study were divided into groups: 1-st - patients with coronary artery disease (mainly stable angina), but without accompanying risk factors for cardiovascular diseases, such as smoking and obesity (n=234); 2nd group - people who smoked 5 or more cigarettes per day for more than 2 years (n=144); 3rd group - obese people without concomitant coronary artery disease and arterial hypertension (n=197); 4th group - people with obesity and hypertension (n=187). The control group included 149 practically healthy people. The groups were statistically homogenic in age and gender. The incidence of premature ventricular contractions in was following according to V. Lown and M. Wolf classification: the 1st group – I - 16 (6,83%), II - 23 (9,82%), III - 2 (0,85%), IV - 13 (5,55%), V - 18 (7,69%); the 2nd group - 14 (9,72%), II – 10 (6,95%), III - 5 (3,47%), IV - 28 (19,44%), V - 13 (9,02%); the 3rd - I - 1 (7,61%), II - 6 (3,04%), III - 3 (1,52%), IV - 21 (10,65%), V - 13 (6,6%), the 4th - I - 22 (11,76%), II - 13 (6,95%), III - 2 (1,07%), IV - 24 (12,83%), V - 8 (4,27%). The lowest incidence of this arrhythmia was observed among patients with stable angina - 30,34%. This can be explained by patients being more thoroughly supervised by doctors and higher compliance for treatment. Another reason was that groups 2-4 included people with only risk factors, and group 1 - people with the coronary artery disease. Among obese people with and without hypertension, the incidence of this arrhythmia was almost the same – 35,1% and 36,7%, respectively, and was not significantly different from control group (33,6%). Therefore, analyzing the data presented above, we established that people who smoke tobacco have higher incidence of ventricular premature contractions than in healthy individuals and people with obesity and hypertension. There was observed no statistically significant difference in the incidence of ventricular premature contractions in individuals with isolated obesity or obesity concomitant with arterial hypertension.

Comparison of the effectiveness of various valsalva maneuvers in the management of stable narrow and wide QRS complex tachycardia in the emergency department

Purpose: Narrow and wide QRS complex tachycardias are among the causes of arrhythmia in patients frequently admitted to the emergency department (ED). The first recommended step in the management of patients with a stable narrow and wide QRS tachycardia is a vagal maneuver. Althougah there are many maneuvers that can provide vagal stimulation, the most effective vagal maneuver is still unknown. This study aims at determining the most effective vagal maneuver by comparing the four most commonly used maneuvers.&#x0D; Materials and methods: One hundred and thirty-two patients were included in this study; they were randomly and equally distributed into four groups. Carotid sinus massage (CSM) was applied to the first group, the REVERT method was applied to the second group (a 10-cc injector was used), a modified REVERT method was applied to the third group (a 60-cc injector was used), and the abeslang (wooden tongue depressor) method was applied to the fourth group. During these four applications, the patients’ vital signs were monitored, and preparations were made for any emergency.&#x0D; Results: Of the 132 patients included in the study, 61 (46.2%) were males, and 71 (53.8%) were females. The average age of the patients was 56.3 years. One hundred and twenty-six had narrow QRS tachycardias, and 6 had stable wide QRS tachycardias. The patients were randomly distributed into 4 groups. In the 1st group, 1 patient (3%) returned to a normal rhythm with the CSM method. In the 2nd group, 3 patients (9.1%) returned to a normal rhythm with the REVERT method. Nine patients (27.3%) in the 3rd group returned to a normal rhythm with the modified REVERT method. 6 patients (18.2%) in the 4th group returned to normal rhythm with the abeslang method. None of the stable wide QRS tachycardias responded to vagal stimulation methods.&#x0D; Conclusion: The modified REVERT and abeslang methods are preferred primarily in patients entering the ED with the complaint of a stable narrow or wide QRS tachycardia in the case that a vagal maneuver is to be applied. On the other hand, a vagal maneuver is not effective in the management of a stable wide QRS tachycardia.

Influence of haylage prepared with the preservative Biotrof on the beef productivity of over-replacement heifers

The inclusion of perennial legumes in the ration of over-replacement young animals with intensive rearing and fattening is advisable, since when compared with other plant crops they contain a significant amount of high-quality vegetable protein with good digestibility. Legumes are characterized by high protein content in all parts of plants. At the same time, they are able to increase the digestibility of feeds with low protein content. The purpose of the work was the scientific and practical justification of the possibility of increasing the level of beef productivity of overeplacement heifers of Black-and-White breed when introducing alfalfa haylage canned with Biotrof biologics into their ration and establishing the optimal dose of its input. In order to carry out the scientifi c and economic experiment, the alfalfa haylage mass was laid in 4 trenches with the introduction of the Biotrof bioconservant at the rate of 1 liter per 75 tons of raw materials dissolved in 250 liters of water. The contents of trench 1 were without the addition of preservative, trench 2 was treated with a prepared working solution with a concentration of 2 l/t of green mass, trench 3 treated with 4 l/t and trench 4 treated with 6 l/t of green mass. The ration of animals of the 1st control group included a haylage that did not contain a preservative. Heifers of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th experimental groups consumed haylage canned with Biotrof starter culture with its diff erent concentrations. It was found that the inclusion of alfalfa haylage canned with Biotrof starter culture in the ration of heifers during the rearing and fattening period was economically feasible. The best economic indicators were established when feeding alfalfa haylage with input Biotrof starter culture in a working solution concentration of 4 l/ton of prepared mass.

Performance of Fully Automated Algorithm Detecting Bone Marrow Edema in Sacroiliac Joints.

This study evaluates the performance of a fully automated algorithm to detect active inflammation in the form of bone marrow edema (BME) in iliac and sacral bones, depending on the quality of the coronal oblique plane in patients with axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). The results were assessed based on the technical correctness of MRI examination of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs). A total of 173 patients with suspected axSpA were included in the study. In order to verify the correctness of the MRI, a deviation angle was measured on the slice acquired in the sagittal plane in the T2-weighted sequence. This angle was located between the line drawn between the posterior edges of S1 and S2 vertebrae and the line that marks the actual plane in which the slices were acquired in T1 and STIR sequences. All examinations were divided into quartiles according to the deviation angle measured in degrees as follows: 1st group [0; 2.2], 2nd group (2.2; 5.7], 3rd group (5.7; 10] and 4th group (10; 29.2]. Segmentations of the sacral and iliac bones were acquired manually and automatically using the fully automated algorithm on the T1 sequence. The Dice coefficient for automated bone segmentations with respect to reference manual segmentations was 0.9820 (95% CI [0.9804, 0.9835]). Examinations of BME lesions were assessed using the SPARCC scale (in 68 cases SPARCC > 0). Manual and automatic segmentations of the lesions were performed on STIR sequences and compared. The sensitivity of detection of BME ranged from 0.58 (group 1) to 0.83 (group 2) versus 0.76 (total), while the specificity was equal to 0.97 in each group. The study indicates that the performance of the algorithm is satisfactory regardless of the deviation angle.

Stevia vs. triple antibiotic paste: An intracanal battle?

Intracanal medicaments are vital in treating the infections of the deciduous dentition due to the large percentage of accessory canals that hasten the microbial spread to the periradicular region. Though countless medicaments have been produced to reduce the microbial load and aid symptomatic relief, they still do not fulfill every function of an ideal medicament. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the antimicrobial efficacy of Stevia rebaudiana (S. rebaudiana) and triple antibiotic paste (TAP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). The present in vitro, parallel, double-blinded study had an equal allocation ratio. The specimens were prepared, randomly divided into 4 groups and inoculated with E. faecalis (ATCC35550). Following incubation, the first 3 groups were treated with S. rebaudiana, triple antibiotic therapy or carbopol gel, respectively, with the 4th negative control group left untreated. The microbial samples were collected before and after treatment, and the counts of colony-forming units (CFUs) were compared. The results were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn's post-hoc and Wilcoxon's signed rank tests. The first 2 groups displayed a significant decrease in CFUs after drug application, while the carbopol and control groups showed an exponential increase. There was no statistically significant difference between the stevia and TAP groups (p = 0.630). Stevia gel was comparable to TAP in terms of antimicrobial efficacy, and can therefore be considered a new alternative in intracanal treatment.

Study the Effect of Selenium Supplementations on the Liver, Kidney and Thyroid Gland Activities in Male Rats

The liver, kidney, and thyroid glands are main vital in biochemical and physiological activities in animals and humans. In this study, we examined the effects of adding selenium supplementation on the improvement activity of many glands such as the liver, kidney, and thyroid after cadmium chloride administration (induced toxicity) in male rabbits. This study included 16 male rabbits divided into four groups, the 1st group (CON) was control and administration normal fed and drinking water, the 2nd group (NC ) was negative control group that administration of 1ml of cadmium chloride (100ppm) with normal fed, the 3rd group (S1) was administration of 1ml of sodium selenite, and 4th group (S2) was administration of 5ml of selenium and all groups continuous for same style up to 8th week of experiment. Antioxidant and oxidative stress status was investigated by measuring the levels of T-AOC and MDA. The liver was assessed by estimation of ALT, AST, TP, and TB while kidney was assessed by calculation of blood CRI and UR and the thyroid gland assessed by measurement of serum T3 and T4. The levels of selenoprotein (SeP) mg/l were assessed by HPLC for standard and S2 group. The results of present study shows highly statistical differences between four group when compare the mean±SD of the levels of ALT,AST,TP,TB,CRI,UR,T3, and T4 (p-value &lt;0.005). In conclusion, this study showing highly ability of selenium supplementation to lowering the levels of the markers of liver, kidney, and thyroid gland and work as protective factor from toxicity induced by cadmium in male rabbits.

Salicylate- and Noise-induced Tinnitus. Different Mechanisms Producing the same Result? An Experimental Model

Purpose: Tinnitus, the generation of phantom sounds, can be the result of noise exposure, however, understanding of its underlying mechanisms is limited. Purpose of the study was is to determine whether different concentrations of salicylate can cause tinnitus of different intensity. Methods: For the purposes of this study 50 male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into 5 groups (10 rats in each group). The animals that did not receive any substance were allocated to the control group (Group A). The second group (Group B) of rats received salicylate (Sigma Aldrich) intraperitoneally for 7 days (300 mg/Kg/day). The 3rd group (Group C) received salicylate intraperitoneally for 7 days, but at twice the concentration of the animals in the second group (600 mg/kg/d). The 4th group (Group D) simultaneously received salicylate (300 mg/Kg/day) and pure Memantine (Sigma Aldrich, 10 mg/kg/d) intraperitoneally for 7 days. The 5th group (Group E) did not receive any substance but was exposed for 168 consecutive hours (7 days) to sound to induce tinnitus. Cochlear activity was evaluated with the use of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAEs). At the end of the experimental period, the animals were sacrificed, and the right cochlea was removed and prepared for further histological and immunohistochemical studies. Results: The DPOAEs of animals treated either with salicylate as monotherapy or salicylate combined with memantine were indistinguishable from the noise floor, did not differ significantly compared to the animals of the control group or those expose to constant noise. The cochlear structures of Group E remained anatomically and functionally unaffected from the exposure to constant noise. Memantine does not seem to offer substantial protection to the cochlear structures, according to histological examination and hearing tests, however, the rats receiving it exhibited better results in behavioral tests. Conclusions: The administration of memantine does not contribute significantly to the reduction of tinnitus.