5th Day Of Treatment Research Articles

Comparative evaluation of the therapeutic effect of combined schemes for therapy and rehabilitation in acute respiratory infections with the inclusion of immunocorrective and sedative agents in children from 6 months to 6 years on the background of stress disorders in the conditions of war in Ukraine

Background. Acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are one of the most common groups of diseases in the practice of pediatricians. Stressful factors affect the immune system, reducing its effectiveness and leading to direct impact on the nervous system and the occurrence of its disorders: sleep changes, the development of a post-traumatic stress disorder, a decrease in the quality of life, especially during the last years in wartime conditions in Ukraine. The latter requires improving the implementation of combined therapeutic approaches to increase a short- and long-term effect on the health of the youngest children. Aim of the study: to increase the effectiveness of treatment and rehabilitation of children from the youngest age group (6 months to 6 years) with ARIs against the background of stress disorders of the war in Ukraine by using comprehensive schemes with the inclusion of immunocorrective (the drug with immunocorrective properties contained a complex of ultra-low-dose dilutions of gamma interferon antibodies, histamine antibodies, CD4 antibodies) and sedative (the drug with sedative properties contained antibodies to the brain-specific protein S100) agents. Material and methods. The study involved 119 children aged 6 months to 6 years who had ≥ 5 episodes of ARIs (55 %) during the previous year and permanently lived in almost the entire territory of Ukraine (Kyiv, Kharkiv, Lviv, Dnipro, Zaporizhzhia, Odesa, Kropyvnytskyi, Vinnytsia, Kryvyi Rih, Zhytomyr, Cherkasy, Poltava, Sumy, Berdychiv, Romny, Bila Tserkva). The study was carried out as part of the program for outpatient observation of children with various manifestations of ARIs against the background of stress damage to the nervous system who took drugs with immunocorrective properties (scheme (1)) alone and in combination with a sedative agent (scheme (1+2)). The drug with immunocorrective pro­perties contained a complex of ultra-low-dose dilutions of gamma interferon antibodies, histamine antibodies, CD4 antibodies, and the drug with sedative properties — antibodies to the brain-specific protein S100. The observation period was October-December 2023. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using GraphPad Prism 9.0 Software for Windows (USA, San Diego, CA). Results. The combined therapeutic approach of the scheme (1+2) showed a significantly better effect on fever, duration of low fever, sore throat, runny nose, bronchitis symptoms, manifestations of respiratory infection, assessed by the Wisconsin Questionnaire, as well as stress, sleep disorders, and changes in the quality of life on the 5th day of treatment and after 1 month of observation. The comparative evaluation of scheme (1) and scheme (1+2) showed a significant diffe­rence in favor of the effectiveness of the latter, which is ensured by its additional sedative and anti-anxiety action, resulting in a direct positive effect on stress-induced disturbances of the nervous system and an indirect — on the immune response, which in general increases the effectiveness of solving the problem of ARI therapy in children aged 6 months to 6 years, who for 2.5 years were constantly in psycho-traumatizing and socially oppressed conditions of the war in Ukraine. The analysis of satisfaction with the treatment effect according to the international IMOS scale during the observation period showed positive results and a high level of evaluation by both parents and doctors. Conclusions. The use of a combination of reme­dies with immunocorrective and sedative effects showed their high mutual enhancing effectiveness in the treatment and rehabilitation of children aged 6 months to 6 years, suffering from ARIs, and in the correction of stress disorders caused by the war in Ukraine.

Clinical significance of PLT for diagnosis and treatment monitoring in imported malaria

To evaluate the clinical significance of PLT, MPV, and PDW in monitoring malaria treatment efficacy and predicting disease progression. A total of 31 patients with imported malaria were selected as the observation group, while 31 non-malaria patients with fever were selected as controls. The observation group was subdivided into a complication group and a non-complication group according to the occurrence of complications during treatment. Additionally, on the 1st day (within 24 h), the 3rd day, and the 5th day following admission, a comprehensive blood routine examination, Plasmodium microscopic examination, and colloidal gold assay were conducted. The blood routine examination results were compared before and after treatment among patients in the observation group and the control group. Moreover, the study involved dynamic monitoring and analysis of the levels and variations in PLT, MPV, and PDW within both the complication group and the non-complication group. The Plasmodium density was negatively correlated with PLT before treatment. There were significant differences were observed in PLT, MPV, and PDW (P < 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. Notably, there were no significant alterations in red blood cell (RBC), hemoglobin (Hb), and white blood cell (WBC) counts (P > 0.05) within the observation group before and after treatment. The PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group exhibited an upward trend after treatment. Further, the PLT of patients in the complication group was significantly lower than that in the non-complication group. Additionally, the PLT, MPV, and PDW levels in the complication group and the non-complication group increased gradually from the time of admission to the 3rd and 5th day of treatment. Notably, the PLT in the complication group was consistently lower than that in the non-complication group. The continuous monitoring of PLT, MPV, and PDW changes plays a crucial role in assessing malaria treatment efficacy and prognosis in these individuals.

Treatment Outcomes and Associated Factors of Intravenous Colistin for Nosocomial Infections in Pediatric Patients: A Retrospective Study in a University Hospital in Thailand.

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of intravenous colistin in pediatric patients with nosocomial gram-negative bacteria infections and to determine factors associated with treatment outcomes. This retrospective study recruited patients aged <18 years receiving intravenous colistin between January 2014 and December 2018. Clinical data and treatment outcomes were reviewed, and factors associated with treatment outcomes were assessed. This study included 178 patients with a median age of 3.4 years (range, 0.1-17.8). The mean ± SD dose of colistin prescribed to patients without renal impairment was 5.1 ± 0.6 mg/kg/day. The clinical response rate was 70.8% in patients receiving colistin for specific treatment. Infection-related mortality and crude mortality were 17.5% and 19.7%, respectively. The nephrotoxicity rate was 29.8%; approximately 70% of the episodes occurred between the 3rd and 7th day of treatment. The presence of at least 2 organ dysfunctions [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 7.17; 95% CI: 1.64-31.40], septic shock (aHR: 2.69; 95% CI: 1.36-5.32) and receiving chemotherapy/immunosuppressants (aHR: 2.68; 95% CI: 1.36-5.25) were observed to be associated with clinical failure. The factors observed to be associated with nephrotoxicity included hypoalbuminemia (aHR: 2.93; 95% CI: 1.26-6.78), receiving amphotericin B (aHR: 2.29; 95% CI: 1.16-4.52), vancomycin (aHR: 3.36; 95% CI: 1.50-7.56) and vasopressors (aHR: 2.57; 95% CI: 1.27-5.21). Colistin is generally effective in the treatment of nosocomial gram-negative bacteria infections in pediatric patients. Close monitoring of renal function should be considered, especially in high-risk patients. Optimal dosage regimens for pediatric populations to promote more favorable clinical outcomes and minimize nephrotoxicity require further investigation.

Multifactorial case of ascites and anemia in a Golden Retriever involving Babesia sp. and Toxocara canis infections

A seven-year-old male Golden Retriever presented with lethargy, anorexia, abdominal enlargement, and weakness. Hematology tests revealed lymphocytosis, microcytic hypochromic anemia with anisocytosis, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, and elevated levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), and creatinine. Radiographic examination showed pneumonia, an abnormal heart shape resembling an inverted "D," and fluid accumulation in the abdominal cavity. Blood smears indicated a Babesia sp. infection. Additionally, the dog expelled a worm identified as Toxocara canis. The complex interaction between T. canis infection, multiple organ dysfunction, Babesia sp. infection, and malnutrition contributed to the development of ascites and anemia in this case. Treatment included abdominocentesis and fluid therapy. The dog was also prescribed furosemide, methylprednisolone, digoxin, Hematodin®, VipAlbumin®, and Drontal® for the worm infection. Unfortunately, the dog died on the 5th day of treatment due to dehydration and worsening anemia.

Observation on the efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemodia-filtration combined with hemoperfusion HA380 in the treatment of 15 cases of heat stroke with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome

To investigate the clinical efficacy of continuous veno-venous hemodia-filtration (CVVHDF) combined with hemoperfusion (HP) HA380 in the treatment of heat stroke patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS). A retrospective and observational study was conducted. A total of 15 patients with heat stroke combined with MODS who were admitted to the department of intensive care unit (ICU) of Suizhou Central Hospital/Hubei University of Medicine from July to September 2022 were selected as the study objects. All 15 patients were treated with CVVHDF combined with HA380 based on the comprehensive management strategy for severe illness. Organ function indicators [including total bilirubin (TBil), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatinine (Cr), cardiac troponin T (cTnT), myoglobin (Myo), MB isoenzyme of creatine kinase (CK-MB), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA)] and inflammatory indicators [including white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), and interleukin-6 (IL-6)] were collected. The improvements of the above indexes at admission, after the first HP, after the second HP, after the third HP, and on the 5th day of treatment were compared. Combined with the clinical outcome of patients, the comprehensive efficacy of CVVHDF combined with HA380 in the treatment of severe heat radiation disease was evaluated. There were 10 males and 5 females among the 15 patients. The average age was (64.5±11.5) years old. There were 6 cases of classical heat stroke and 9 cases of exertional heat stroke. Glasgow coma scale (GCS) was 3-8 at admission; SOFA score was 9-17 within 12 hours after admission; acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) was 25-45 within 24 hours after admission. After treatment, the IL-6 level and SOFA score gradually decreased, and there were significant differences in the decrease after the second HP compared to admission [IL-6 (ng/L): 48.37 (15.36, 113.03) vs. 221.90 (85.87, 425.90), SOFA: 8.3±3.3 vs. 11.1±2.4, both P < 0.05]. The PCT level reached its peak after the first HP [12.51 (6.07, 41.65) μg/L], and then gradually decreased, and the difference was statistically significant after the third HP [1.26 (0.82, 5.40) μg/L, P < 0.05]. Compared those at admission, Cr level significantly improved after the first HP (μmol/L: 66.94±25.57 vs. 110.80±31.13, P < 0.01), Myo significantly decreased after the second HP [μg/L: 490.90 (164.98, 768.05) vs. 3 000.00 (293.00, 3 000.00), P < 0.05], After the third HP, the CK level also showed significant improvement [U/L: 476.0 (413.0, 922.0) vs. 2 107.0 (729.0, 2 449.0), P < 0.05]. After CVVHDF combined with 3 times HP treatment, the patient's inflammatory response was gradually controlled and organ function gradually recovered. On the 5th day of the disease course, WBC, PCT and IL-6 levels were significantly improved compared to admission, and AST, CK, LDH, Cr, Myo, CK-MB, and SOFA score were significantly corrected compared with those on admission. The 24-hour survival rate of 15 patients was 86.67%, and the 24-hour, 7-day and 28-day survival rates were both as high as 73.33%. The average mechanical ventilation time of 11 surviving patients was (101.8±22.0) hours, the average continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) time was (58.8±11.0) hours, the average length of ICU stay was (6.3±1.0) days, and the average total hospitalization was (14.6±5.2) days. CVVHDF combined with HP HA380 in the treatment of heat stroke patients with MODS can effectively improve organ function and alleviate the inflammatory storm, which is an effective means to improve the rescue rate and reduce the mortality of severe heat stroke patients.

PATIENTS' CHRONOTYPE INFLUENCE IN TREATMENT EFFICIENCY OF PLACENTA CRYERXTRACT CHANGES IN MAXILLOFACIAL PHLEGMONS

Among acute odontogenic inflammatory diseases, a significant subset comprises purulent processes in soft tissues, including abscesses and phlegmons. Methods. The study encompassed 90 patients (both male and female) diagnosed with maxillofacial phlegmons, aged between 35 and 60 years. These patients were divided into three clinical groups, each comprising 30 individuals, further categorized into two subgroups based on circadian rhythms. Analyzing the obtained data, it can be asserted that the most significant changes in markers of lipid peroxidation in patients with superficial phlegmons of maxillofacial localization were experienced in both experimental groups when used against the background of treatment according to standard protocols of intravenous injections of the cryopreserved placenta without and in combination with local injection of the cryopreserved placenta as part of "Levomekol" ointment, in contrast to the control group. It was proved that the markers of lipid peroxidation underwent the most significant changes in both clinical groups compared to the control group, but the largest changes were visualized in the second clinical group. On the 5th day of treatment, SOD activity reliably increases by 15.7% in patients with the morning chronotype and 14.9% - with the evening chronotype. A significant decrease in erythrocyte catalase activity by 51.5% was noted in patients with the evening chronotype and 56.1% - with the morning chronotype. In the control group, significant changes were noted only in the late stages of treatment. The dependence of lipid peroxidation markers on the timing of surgical intervention on the patient's circadian rhythm was established, which is most clearly observed in the 2nd clinical group. Optimal healing of a purulent wound helps to reduce the duration of treatment, accelerate the rehabilitation of patients, and improve the formation of a postoperative scar. Conclusion. Thus, aligning the timing of surgical intervention for maxillofacial phlegmons with the patient's circadian rhythm, particularly when combined with intravenous injections and local application of placenta cryoextract alongside standard treatment, contributes to an optimal modulation of lipid peroxidation markers.

Combination therapy for productive cough in acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and acute bronchitis in real clinical practice

Aim. To evaluate effectiveness and safety of combination drug containing ambroxol, guaifenesin and levosalbutamol (Ascoril LS), oral solution, in comparison with monocomponent drugs in the treatment of productive cough in adult patients with acute respiratory viral infection (ARVI) and acute bronchitis.&#x0D; Materials and methods. Open randomized study included patients with clinical symptoms of ARVI and acute bronchitis, having productive cough with difficulty in sputum discharge. 160 patients were randomized into 4 groups that received the study drug or comparison drugs (ambroxol, acetylcysteine, Rengalin) 3 times a day for 20 days. After 5, 10, 15 and 20 days of treatment, the doctor assessed subjective complaints and effectiveness of therapy. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients with high and very high efficacy, recovery from work, and clinically significant cardiovascular events.&#x0D; Results. Satisfaction with clinical effect of therapy with Ascoril LS was noted by 96% of patients, tolerability and ease of administration by 99%. 97% of patients are satisfied with price/quality ratio. The overall percentage of satisfaction with treatment Ascoril LS was 99%. Tolerability of therapy was assessed by all patients as good, without the development of significant adverse events. During therapy for productive cough, a significant decrease in cough was noted in Ascoril LS group already on the 5th day of therapy (57%) and subsequently at all follow-up visits. Restoration of working capacity of patients in Ascoril LS group due to complete regression of productive cough was established in 50% of patients on the 5th day of treatment. On days 10 and 15, 75% and 90% of patients, respectively, were able to begin work due to complete relief of cough, which is significantly more compared to other treatment groups. It is important that in all cases Ascoril LS was prescribed at the very beginning of the disease, which made it possible to achieve the described results&#x0D; Conclusion. The effectiveness of a new combination drug containing ambroxol, guaifenesin and levosalbutamol for the treatment of productive cough in adult patients with ARVI and acute bronchitis exceeds the effectiveness of monocomponent therapy with comparator drugs. The safety profiles of the study drug and comparison drugs were comparable, including in patients with cardiovascular risk.

Performance analysis of Brachionus plicatilis production with different densities

Plankton is an aquatic animal that has many benefits such as cosmetics, food, animal feed, and even biodiesel. One of the plankton that has good potential is rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers have the advantage that small morphology (no need much space), reproduce quickly, and easy to be cultured. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in density on the performance of rotifers production. The treatments in this study were A (500 kg), B (density 2 tons), and C (density 8 tons). The results showed that the highest density value was found on the 5th day of treatment B (574 ind/ml). This indicates that the culture of rotifers on a mass scale of 2 tons showed the highest value on the 5th day.

Comparison of the effectiveness of substitution therapy preparations in bronchopneumonia of calves

The results of research on the methods of bronchopneumonia treatment of young cattle are presented. It is noted that the disease is associated with the effect of a number of different etiological conditions (lower air temperature, air humidification, and air pollution, etc.) on the animal's body. Bronchopneumonia of calves is registered at livestock complexes in cold and wet seasons as a seasonal disease. In this regard, the development of effective treatment schemes for this pathology is an urgent task. The effectiveness of the use of substitution therapy preparations in the treatment of bronchopneumonia of calves was studied. The study was conducted at a farm in the Altai Territory in the autumn period. For realization of this experiment two equal groups (experimental and control) of 5 calves in each were formed according to the principle of analogies. The treatment regimen for both groups included Resflor and Loxic 2% preparations. Calves of the control group received VitOkey as a substitution therapy, the experimental group – Vitam. Clinical signs and blood morphologic analysis were evaluated during the experiment. Clinical examination of the calves showed the following signs: elevated body temperature, wheezing, coughing, foci of blunting in the lungs in the anterior and posterior lobes, apathy, nasal discharge, loss of appetite, erythropenia (up to (4.6 ± 0.2) × 1012/l), leukocytosis (up to (16.5 ± 0.6) × 109/l), increased ECR (up to 1.2 ± 0.1 mm/h), neutrophilic leukocytosis with a leftward shift of the nucleus, and monocytopenia. By the 5th day of treatment, the calves of the experimental group had no pulmonary rales, coughing, and the body temperature was within normal limits. On the 7th day, there was an increase in erythrocytes ((6.4 ± 0.3) × 1012/l), a decrease in leukocytes ((10.6 ± 0.3) × 109/l) and ESR (0.4 ± 0.1 mm/h). The use of vitamin-amino acid complex in complex therapy of bronchopneumonia of calves reduces the duration and severity of the course of the disease.

Efficacy of treatment measures for rabbit passalurosis

Helminthes of Passalurus ambiguus species are one of the most common parasites of the intestinal tract of domestic rabbits both on industrial rabbit farms and private farms. The most effective way to treat and prevent passalurosis in animals at present is the use of anti-helminthic preparations, where determining the degree of their anti-parasitic effect is a topical direction of research. This will make it possible to raise the effectiveness of maintaining well-being on rabbit farms and the animals’ timely recovery from this infestation. The purpose of the study was to establish the effectiveness of treatment measures for rabbit passalurosis. The research was carried out on a private farm that was unfavorable as to passalurosis and on the basis of the Laboratory of Parasitology of Poltava State Agrarian University. The therapeutic efficacy of Brovermectin 1 % solution (the active substance is ivermectin), Brovalzen powder (the active substance is albendazole), Albendazole 7.5 % suspension (the active substance is albendazole) was tested in case of rabbit spontaneous passalurosis. It was established that on the 7th day of treatment, the indicators of extense-effectiveness and intense-effectiveness were, respectively: of Brovermectin 1 % – 50.0 and 64.31 %, Brovalzen powder – 70.0 and 82.63 %, Albendazole 7.5 % suspension – 60.0 and 60.9 %. On the 14th day of treatment, Brovalzen powder and Albendazole 7.5 % suspension turned out the most effective preparations for rabbit passalurosis, where the indicators of their extense-effectiveness and intense-effectiveness reached 100.0 %. A lower therapeutic effectiveness was registered when using Brovermectin 1 % solution, which was injected to diseased animals. Its extense-effectiveness and intense-effectiveness made 60.0 and 80.9 %, respectively. Moreover, the indicators of the intensity of passalurous invasion on the 7th and 14th day of treatment were at the level of 4.20±1.27 and 2.50±0.75 eggs, and the indicators of the prevalence of passalurous infection were 50.0 and 40.0 %, respectively. The obtained results of experimental studies allow recommend anti-helminthic oral preparations of domestic production Brovalzen powder and Albendazole 7.5 % suspension for effective treatment and prevention of rabbit passalurosis.

Clinical effectiveness of phospholipids in patients with restrictive respiratory failure due to lung tissue inflammation

Objective — to analyze the clinical effectiveness use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes in the treatment of patients with restrictive respiratory failure caused by acute pneumonia and pneumonia with a prolonged course.&#x0D; Materials and methods. A prospective cohort study of 68 people was conducted on the basis of the pulmonology department of the Kirovohrad Regional Hospital of the Kirovohrad Regional State in 2020—2021. The people were divided into two groups: I (n = 20) — control group, II (n = 48) — experimental group. They were composed of men aged 25 to 40 years. The first group consisted of healthy individuals who underwent a preventive examination. The second group included patients who, in addition to the traditional treatment of pneumonia, were treated with phospholipids in liposomal form. The drug was used by inhalation according to the instructions. In the course of the experiment, the volume-time indicators of external respiration and gas exchange of the body were studied in dynamics.&#x0D; Results and discussion. The introduction of phospholipids in liposomal form had a positive effect on the restoration of the function of external respiration from the 5th day of treatment of the disease. This is evidenced by the gradual normalization of breathing rate and respiratory volume. It was shown that the ratio of alveolar ventilation and minute respiratory volume was significantly lower and ranged from 60.3 to 72.7 % (with a control value of 72.2 to 77.4 %). Oxygen consumption increased by approximately 76 % on the 5th day of the disease, which indicates a pronounced increase in the level of oxidative metabolism in the body during this pathological process. Recovery could be observed due to optimization of the body’s oxygen supply. Regarding carbon dioxide release, this indicator was almost 2.3 times higher than the control values ​​on the 5th day of the disease. This contributes to the development of metabolic acidosis, which in turn leads to respiratory alkalosis. Against the background of phosphatidylcholine liposomes treatment, this indicator gradually decreased and had a tendency to approach control values ​​a month after treatment (0.216 ± ± 0.042) l/min). Another of the studied indicators is the dead breathing space. According to this indicator, the efficiency of external breathing also increased. The minute volume of blood flow in healthy individuals was (6.5 ± 0.7). During the disease, it decreased to (4.7 ± 0.8) with gradual recovery, starting from the 10th day of treatment with phospholipids. There is also a decrease in the oxygen saturation of the arterial blood and a decrease in the use of oxygen, which can be judged by the characteristics of the venous blood; at the same time, the determined oxygen consumption increases due to hyperventilation. One month after the treatment, these indicators were no longer significantly different from the control values. A similar trend is noted in the analysis of oxygen tension in arterial and venous blood, with a gradual normalization of indicators against the background of the use of phosphatidylcholine liposomes. The determination of the alveolar-arterial difference in oxygen showed an increase in the indicator in the experimental group compared to the control group. Most of the indicators we studied contributed to the decrease in oxygen, thus increasing the efficiency of external respiration.&#x0D; Conclusions. Phosphatidylcholine liposomes are an effective means of complex therapy of pneumonia. The drug has a normalizing effect on the level of energy metabolism in the body and normalizes oxygen consumption, contributing to a faster recovery of the optimal intensity of metabolic processes.

Dissipation kinetics and dietary risk assessment of pesticides in/on citrus (mandarin)

AbstractA supervised field trial was conducted to evaluate the dissipation pattern and dietary risk assessment of the pesticides, Solomon (recommended dose, X (63+147 g a.i./ha) and double the recommended dose, 2X (126+294 g a.i./ha)); spirotetramat (X dose: 90 g a.i./ha and 2X dose: 180 g a.i./ha) and indaziflam (X dose: 62.5 g a.i./ha and 2X dose: 125 g a.i./ha) in citrus (mandarin) fruits and cropped soil. Solomon and spirotetramet were applied as foliar spray at the fruit development stage and indaziflam was applied directly on to the weeds. Fruit and soil samples thus collected were extracted using a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe analytical method for residue estimation, which was carried out using Gas Chromatography‐Electron Capture Detector for betacyfluthrin and High‐Performance Liquid Chromatography for all other analytes. Residues of betacyfluthrin reached below the determination level (0.05 mg/kg) after the 3rd and 5th day of treatment at X and 2X dosage while imidacloprid and spirotetramat residues reached below the determination level on the 5th and 7th day, respectively. Residues of indaziflam and its metabolites were not detected in any citrus and soil matrices. Dietary risk assessment calculated as hazard quotient and theoretical maximum dietary intake revealed the safety of the pesticides for human consumption after application of these pesticides on citrus.

CLINICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF DIARRHEA TREATMENT IN CHILDREN WITH HIV INFECTION

to study the clinical efficacy of the treatment of diarrhea in HIV-infected children in a comparative aspect. 261 HIV-infected children with infectious diarrhea under the age of 18 were divided into 2 groups. The main group included 118 children who received the traditional treatment regimen plus Saccharomyces boulardii 2 sachets 2 times a day for 5 days, and the control group included 143 children who received only traditional therapy. Treatment of acute diarrhea in HIV-infected children with Saccharomyces boulardii preparations significantly reduces the daily amount and duration of diarrhea, which leads to a significant disappearance of dehydration symptoms, especially the severity of dehydration decreases by almost 2.4 times after the 5th day of treatment compared with the values before treatment ( P&lt;0.05).

Study on the Metabolic Transformation Rule of Enrofloxacin Combined with Tilmicosin in Laying Hens.

There is often abuse of drugs in livestock and poultry production, and the improper use of drugs leads to the existence of a low level of residues in eggs, which is a potential threat to human safety. Enrofloxacin (EF) and tilmicosin (TIM) are regularly combined for the prevention and treatment of poultry diseases. The current studies on EF or TIM mainly focus on a single drug, and the effects of the combined application of these two antibiotics on EF metabolism in laying hens are rarely reported. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was used to determine the residual EF and TIM in laying hens and to investigate the effect of TIM on the EF metabolism in laying hens. In this paper, we first establish a method that can detect EF and TIM simultaneously. Secondly, the results showed that the highest concentration of EF in the egg samples was 974.92 ± 441.71 μg/kg on the 5th day of treatment. The highest concentration of EF in the egg samples of the combined administration group was 1256.41 ± 226.10 μg/kg on the 5th day of administration. The results showed that when EF and TIM were used in combination, the residue of EF in the eggs was increased, the elimination rate of EF was decreased, and the half-life of EF was increased. Therefore, the use of EF and TIM in combination should be treated with greater care and supervision should be strengthened to avoid risks to human health.

Evaluation of the analgesic activity of quercetin and chrysin in animal models

Pain is relieved by analgesics that acts via modulating the central and peripheral pain mediators. Some of the analgesic has been reported to have a serious adverse effects when used in long-term treatments. Therefore, there is a need of developing a potent analgesic with minimal of no adverse effects. In the current study, quercetin and chrysin were evaluated for the analgesic activity in mice and rat by hyperalgesia (Eddy’s hot plate and Tail flick analgesiometer). Diclofenac and tramadol was used as a standard reference drugs. Male Swiss Albino mice and rats are divided into six groups and treated with vehicle (1% acacia), quercetin (40 mg/kg), chrysin (100 mg/kg), chrysin (200 mg/kg), diclofenac (10 mg/kg) and tramadol (10 mg/kg) orally. In the present study, diclofenac, tramadol, quercetin and chrysin significantly increased the tail flick latency in the tail flick pain model compared to control group. Chrysin showed remarkable analgesic activity at 200 mg/kg compared to 100 mg/kg in Tail Flick and Eddy’s hot plate model. The current study also reported that diclofenac has more analgesic activity than tramadol on both 1st and 7th day of treatment.

THE EFFECT OF TOPICAL APPLICATION WITH OZOILE® AS A NOVEL METHOD IN THE COMPLEX TREATMENT OF SOFT TISSUE INFECTIONS AND CHRONIC WOUNDS

The treatment of severe and deep soft tissue infections, especially those combined with fascial necrosis is complex and involves a multidisciplinary team. The aim is to research the effect of topical application of Ozoile®, stable ozonides from organic extra-virgin olive oil +OILin the complex treatment of soft tissue infections and chronic wounds and to optimize the algorithm of these applications. Results: We applied LOT to a total of 84 patients (22.1%) of all 380 patients with soft tissue infections treated for the period March 2022-March 2023 at the First surgical clinic of Medical University – Pleven, Bulgaria. At Department “Surgical diseases” there were 49 (58,3%) patients with the superficial inflammatory process, 6 (7,1%) with chronic wounds, and 27 (34,6%) with deep soft tissue infection and necrotizing fasciitis who received topical applications of Ozoile®, stable ozonides from organic extra-virgin olive oil +OIL®OT. We compared the results with a group of 296 patients treated with conventional methods and routinely used antiseptics – hydroperoxide, povidone-iodine, and chlorhexidine gluconate. Statistically significant results in the Ozoile® group were: wound size reduction by 25% on the 5th day of treatment (p&lt;0.04), reduction by 50% of baseline C-reactive protein levels on day 5th of treatment (p &lt; 0.05), the local status of the wound on the 30th day after discharge - in the Ozoile® group we did not observe any complaints of redness, itching or other local discomforts (p&lt; 0.05). We optimized an algorithm for the application of ozone therapy with OzoilE®

STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF NAC IV IN ACUTE EPISODE OF LIVER DYSFUNCTIONS

Objectives: Evaluate the effectives and safety of IV NAC in acute episode of liver dysfunctions patient treated in Huunghi Viet Tiep Hospital.Material and methods: 31 patients treated in Tropical Diseases Department of Huunghi Viet Tiep Hospital who had acute episode of liver dysfunctions from April 15th to July 15th. &#x0D; Before-after study, compare the results before and after treatment. Beside the original treatment followed the hospital’s guideline, selected patients were received N-acetylcystein IV 100 mg/kg/24h in glucose 5% for 7 days. Patients had health check every day and liver function test was performed before treatment (D0) and on the 3rd and 7th day of treatment or the discharged date (D3 and D7).Results: After 7 days of treatment, the average value of ALT, AST, and GGT reduced from 626.1 ± 234.8 to 322.5 ± 121.1 (about 50%), from 495.4 ± 178.1 to 127.2 ± 76.5 (about 70%), and from 292.1 ± 88.5 to 227.9 ± 57.4, prospectively. There were 22 patients having high bilirubin value, and after 7 days of treatment, the average reduced 22%. 80.6% patients improved, the average hospital length of stay is 8.68 ± 2.97 days, no patient need for transplant. There was no severe adverse reaction or anaphylactic shock occurred.Conclusion: NAC IV was safe and effective in preventing the further progression of liver failure.

Wound healing efficacy of rhamnolipid-coated zinc oxide nanoparticle along with its in vivo antibacterial efficacy against Staphylococcus aureus.

Rhamnolipids are microbial metabolites with antibacterial efficacies, which can be further boosted through the application of nanobiotechnology. In this study, the efficacy of rhamnolipid-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnRL) has been studied for their wound healing efficacy as well as in vivo antibacterial efficacy. Thus, this study evaluates the efficacy of ZnRL to heal an excised infected wound, which was compared with the healing efficacy of rhamnolipid and clindamycin. The study revealed that rhamnolipid-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles possess promising wound healing efficacy with prominent antibacterial activity in the rat model. Prominent wound healing in a Staphylococcus aureus infected excised wound was observed on the 5th day of the treatment when the wound site was treated with 100 μl of 0.5mg/ml of ZnRL. This concentration of ZnRL was found to exhibit efficient antibacterial activity against the pathogen, thereby decreasing the amount of pathogen in the wound site. ZnRL exhibited efficient wound contraction, thereby decreasing the size of the wound prominently in 5 days. Histological study revealed efficient tissue remodelling in ZnRL-treated skin which resulted in rapid formation of the epidermis and recruitment of various dermal cells within the 5th day of treatment. The study also revealed the non-cytotoxic effect of the nanoparticles in fibroblast cell line L929 and the non-haemolytic effect against blood cells, indicating its potential in pharmaceuticals.

Comprehensive treatment of patients with autoimmune thyroiditis using laser technologies

Background. The frequency of autoimmune thyroiditis reaches up to 40% among all thyroid gland diseases and ranks second among endocrinological diseases.&#x0D; Aim. Carrying out a comparative evaluation of the effectiveness of laser photodynamic therapy and traditional conservative treatment in diffuse form of autoimmune thyroiditis.&#x0D; Material and methods. The work is based on the examination and treatment data of 235 patients hospitalized in the Scientific Center of Surgery named after M.A. Topchubashov for the period from 2008 to 2021. Patients were divided into two groups based on the applied methods of treatment. Patients of the main group (106 people, 45.1%) received sessions of laser photodynamic therapy in combination with intravenous laser blood irradiation with low-intensity laser radiation. Patients in the control group (129 people, 54.9%) received a course of conservative therapy in combination with sessions of intravenous laser blood irradiation with low-intensity laser radiation. To test the statistical significance of differences in the concentrations of thyroid hormones, pituitary gland and antibodies to thyroid tissues in the blood serum of patients before and on the 15th day after treatment, Pearson's 2 test was used. In each group, the mean values of the analyzed clinical parameters, their mean error (m), 95% confidence interval, and the significance of intergroup differences were calculated according to Pearson's 2, MannWhitney U, and Student's t criteria. Differences were considered statistically significant at p 0.050.&#x0D; Results. In the main group on the 5th day of treatment, normalization of the main indicators of the inflammatory response occurred in 26 (24.5%) patients, in the control group in 16 (12.4%) patients (2=5.9, p=0.010). In patients of the main group, the levels of antibodies to thyroperoxidase on the 15th day after treatment, compared with their values before treatment, decreased by 5.65 times (t=8.4, p 0.001), the content of thyroid-stimulating hormone decreased by 2.18 times (t=6.9, p 0.001), free thyroxine increased 2 times (t=3.4, p 0.01), free triiodothyronine increased 1.71 times (t=1.4, p 0.05). The average values of antibodies to thyroperoxidase in the main group after treatment were within the normal range (31.575.75 IU/ml).&#x0D; Conclusion. The use of laser photodynamic therapy provides the best results in the treatment of patients with diffuse autoimmune thyroiditis.

Employing mutants to study the role of a three-membered bacterial consortium in growth promotion of Cajanus cajan

Bacterial consortia, comprising plant growth promoting (PGP) rhizobacteria, are known to outcompete their impacts on plant attributes compared to their individual application. However, tracking of individual bacterial strains post application as consortium, remains challenging. The primary goal of this study was to develop an efficient method of tracking bioinoculants by generating spontaneous mutants of three different bacterial strains in an established consortium, using antibiotic-based screening, followed by their enumeration after application in Cajanus cajan. Mutants were generated for consortium members, viz. Azotobacter chroococcum (A), Priestia megaterium (formerly Bacillus megaterium) (B), and Pseudomonas sp. (P), against streptomycin, kanamycin and rifampicin, respectively. Those mutants having similar growth rates and PGP properties as compared to wild type bacterial strains were selected to test their efficacy in plant growth promotion. Selected mutant strains were applied as mono, dual and triple cultures to C. cajan grown hydroponically. Enumeration of mutant bacterial strains was carried out to check their viability. Bacterial colonization on roots was also analyzed. The application of triple (mutant) inoculants improved plant growth attributes significantly in comparison to mono and dual culture treatments and control. Cell enumeration revealed that the abundance of each bacterial strain increased till the 5th day of treatment. No significant change was observed later in their abundance for any treatment. The triple culture treatment showed greater abundance of bacterial mutant strains in comparison to mono- or dual cultures. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first mutant-based study to have reported the successful tracking and enumeration of bacterial consortium members, post their application in C. cajan.