5G Mobile Communication Technology Research Articles

FSMFA: Efficient firmware-secure multi-factor authentication protocol for IoT devices

With the rapid development of 5G mobile communication technology and the continuous expansion of the scale of the Internet of Things (IoT) industry, the number of IoT devices has grown exponentially. IoT devices have uneven security guarantees due to different application scenarios, which brings great security threats to the devices themselves and the IoT system. Especially with the physical threats of the device and firmware tampering, attackers can even make your home’s sweeping robot a spy by modifying the firmware. In view of these threats, this paper proposes a FSMFA: Firmware-Secure Multi-Factor Authentication protocol based on PUF (physical unclonable function) and device firmware integrity, which enhance the physical and software security of IoT devices while enhancing the security of IoT system. So as to realize mutual authentication and key negotiation between the device and the server. At the same time, in order to guarantee the safety of the whole life cycle of the device, we propose the challenge response pairs (CRPs) and firmware update scheme of the device. Finally, we use BAN logic and ProVerif to prove the security of authentication and update protocols. Compared with other similar protocols, the proposed protocol achieves better security and higher efficiency.

Design of Internet of Things Information Interactive Perception System Based on 5G Mobile Communication Technology in a Hospital Network

Abstract In the communication process of 5G big data Internet of Things, because of the difference of communication data, the data interaction process needs information mutual recognition scheduling, which greatly reduces the effectiveness of the interactive perception system. In order to improve the real-time performance of platform interaction in the Internet of Things environment, an Internet of Things information interaction perception system based on 5G mobile communication technology is designed. This is mainly important in a hospital network. The system perception layer completes the accurate acquisition of Internet of Things information through data acquisition module and transmits it to the application layer through 5G mobile communication module in the network layer. The intelligent interaction module based on context awareness in the application layer will be heterogeneous and unstructured. The Internet of Things perceived data is encapsulated in context as a unified data processing object of the Internet of Things. The context rule-matching algorithm based on Storm is used to achieve accurate matching between heterogeneous and unstructured perceptual data and rules, and an interactive perceptual parallel query scheduling strategy is used to achieve the optimal scheduling of information mutual perception in the Internet of Things. The results show that there is a positive correlation between the validity of sensing temperature information and the amount of sensing data. The average data processing delay of the system is stable at 50 ms, which meets the real-time requirement of data processing.

SFC Design and VNF Placement Based on Traffic Volume Scaling and VNF Dependency in 5G Networks

The development of Fifth-Generation (5G) mobile communication technology has remarkably promoted the spread of the Internet of Things (IoT) applications. As a promising paradigm for IoT, edge computing can process the amount of data generated by mobile intelligent devices in less time response. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) that decouples network functions from dedicated hardware is an important architecture to implement edge computing, deploying heterogeneous Virtual Network Functions (VNF) (such as computer vision, natural language processing, intelligent control, etc.) on the edge service nodes. With the NFV MANO (Management and Orchestration) framework, a Service Function Chain (SFC) that contains a set of ordered VNFs can be constructed and placed in the network to offer a customized network service. However, the procedure of NFV orchestration faces a technical challenge in minimizing the network cost of VNF placement due to the complexity of the changing effect of traffic volume and the dependency on the VNF relationship. To this end, we jointly optimize SFC design and VNF placement to minimize resource cost while taking account of VNF dependency and traffic volume scaling. First, the problem is formulated as an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) model and proved NP-hard by reduction from Hamiltonian Cycle problem. Then we proposed an efficient heuristic algorithm called Traffic Aware and Interdependent VNF Placement (TAIVP) to solve the problem. Compared with the benchmark algorithms, emulation results show that our algorithm can reduce network cost by 10.2% and increase service request acceptance rate by 7.6% on average.

What You Should Know About Next Generation 6G Mobile Technology

The fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology though, is being deployed in various parts of the world to improve the wireless systems in terms of infrastructure and quality of services, in view of mobile communication history, the 5G may be unable to handle the deluge mobile network traffic of the future digital society. In general, new wireless technologies are introduced every 10 years, and services mature every 20 years, and therefore sixth generation (6G) mobile communication technologies, which have a great potential to impact on the market, are expected to be commercialized around 2030. In order to secure technological leadership in mobile communication, which is an essential infrastructure for everyday life and industrial sites, advanced countries around the world have begun to develop 6G technology. The expected main features of the 6G technology include: providing 10 to 100 times more performance than 5G, maximizing performance by utilizing the terahertz band which was not utilized by existing communication networks before, use artificial intelligence techniques for smart networking, and combining the previously isolated technologies. This paper provides an overview on the profile, advancements, implications, architecture, expected applications, and challenges of the futuristic 6G wireless communication systems described by innovative researchers and major global organizations.

Performance research of real-time kinematic/5G combined positioning model

The global navigation satellite system provides real-time and all-weather positioning with high accuracy. Under a good observational environment, short-baseline real-time kinematic (RTK) can provide centimeter-level positioning results. However, RTK without model correction of ionospheric delay can significantly reduce the positioning accuracy, and cannot achieve fast and high-precision positioning when the baseline is too long or heavily occluded. Therefore, we propose a combined RTK/fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology positioning model by combining global positioning system-RTK with 5G time-of-arrival observations to improve the positioning accuracy under medium and long baselines. Experimental validation and analysis were conducted based on the measured data of different baseline lengths. The results revealed that the combined RTK/5G positioning model markedly improved the positioning performance in both static and dynamic modes under medium- and long-distance baselines. In particular, the RTK/5G model can also achieve good positioning results in conditions where some satellites are occluded. The combined RTK/5G positioning model is important for achieving high-accuracy, real-time, and continuous positioning in complex environments.

An SM9-Based Secondary Authentication Framework for 5G Technology

As the latest generation of cellular mobile communication technology, the fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology is proposed to build a network-based society. As a result, industry and academia are placing great emphasis on security research for 5G technology. 5G technology has higher security requirements than previous systems and the secondary authentication is an important technology to ensure the security of 5G. In this paper, we propose to incorporate the SM9 encryption algorithm with 5G secondary authentication to provide higher security assurance. Due to the high computational overhead of the SM9 algorithm, we further propose an acceleration strategy for the SM9 algorithm based on the non-adjacent form (NAF) representation method to improve the performance of the entire system.

5G promotes the construction of full-scenarios intelligent taxation strategy

ABSTRACT 5G mobile communication technology has the ultra-high spectrum utilisation and the energy efficiency. 5G and other information technology’s close combination has promoted the social other industry’s transformation, especially in the government management and the service domain. With the rapid development of digital economy, there are many challenges in China’s tax collection and management, such as difficult to determine the subject of taxation, taxation object boundary blurred. Digitalisation of tax collection process as a way to increase the efficiency of the tax system in China. We have carried on the forecast to the 5G mobile communication technology characteristic and its application in the intelligent tax affairs construction aspect. Future challenges facing these potential technologies are also discussed. The synergy of 5G and technologies such as Artificial Intelligence, Internet of Things, Big Data, and Cloud Computing provide technical support for China to build an open and intelligent taxation ecosystem. Relying on the ‘5G + Smart Taxation Ecosystem’, an intelligent tax management platform will be created to realise tax data sharing, promote the digital and intelligent development of tax management, and promote the construction of a full-scenario smart tax system.

A new model for acoustic attenuation of GHz waveguide induced by metal electrodes in piezoelectric composites

• A new model based on electromagnetic (or optic) property of metal is established. • 3D dispersion curves with energy dissipation are investigated by a novel root-searching method. • A rapid conversion phenomenon in wave mode shapes is identified. • Two new features which significantly change the acoustic attenuation are observed. • Besides the electromagnetic property , mechanical property of electrode also impacts the attenuation in GHz. Acoustic attenuation in piezoelectric composites is an important factor and it can be induced by various sources, including viscoelasticity and semi-conductivity. Since the radio frequency of fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology has achieved at GHz, the attenuation of the piezoelectric acoustic devices operating at GHz frequency must be addressed. Unfortunately, when frequency is high, the electrode cannot be treated as an electric resistance that follows the traditional Ohm's law. Therefore, in this paper, the acoustic attenuation induced by electrodes, which has been seldom studied in the past, is investigated. A novel multi-disciplinary model is presented which combines the piezoelectric theory and the electromagnetic (or optic) property of metal, instead of the zero-thickness surface electrode model and Ohm's law with a fixed conductivity. Based on this model, the dispersion equations for the composite structure are derived in the case of elastic metal electrode with realistic optical properties, as compared with the ideal short circuit boundary condition case. Three-dimensional (3D) dispersion curves of these two cases are further calculated by two forms of the novel root-searching method introduced recently, accompanying with the wave mode shapes on certain branches. Based on these results, two important features of the wave motion, which significantly change GHz acoustic attenuations, are identified, with their underlying mechanisms. These new features could provide a reference in safe and better design of piezoelectric acoustic devices.

Development Model of Artificial Intelligence Education Course Involving High-tech Enterprises

In recent years, China has made important progress in basic research and original innovation, made new strides in strategic high-tech fields and made new breakthroughs in high-end industries. Intelligent manufacturing has made great progress, artificial intelligence and the digital economy are booming, image recognition and voice recognition are leading the world, and 5G mobile communication technology is the first to achieve large-scale application. High-tech companies such as Huawei Hisi, Unigroup, Horizon, Cambrian and Lifei are deeply engaged in the fields of cloud edge, industrial/commercial/home, edge computing and intelligent security of artificial intelligence. Digital chip manufacturers such as Loongson, Feiteng, Huawei Hisi, Unigroup Zhirui and Swischip have also made certain achievements in the research of AI basic hardware. Some of these representative companies are at the top of their game, and some are at the top of their game. These head companies and their surrounding upstream and downstream smes have basically formed a mature industrial chain. As far as the current domestic science and technology ecology is concerned, we have the foundation, confidence, and ability to seize the opportunities of the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation and ride the tide. How to cultivate the original and innovative reserve talents, improve the scientific innovation system and the construction of talent echelon, and further improve the cultivation ecology of scientific and technological talents is an important problem at present.

The Application of 5G Mobile Communication Technology in Communication Engineering

The Application of 5G Mobile Communication Technology in Communication Engineering

Research on 5G Key Technologies and Applications in Urban Rail Transit

With the rapid development of science and technology, Chinese urban rail transit has entered a newstage of intelligent development from the stage of rapid construction. Urban rail transit has the advantagesof high speed, large capacity and high density, which greatly facilitates modern life. However,urban rail transit is quite different from conventional ground transportation. Traditional informationtransmission methods cannot be well applied to urban rail transit. The maturity and commercial useof 5G mobile communication technology provide new ideas for solving the problem of informationtransmission in urban rail transit. Based on the salient features and key technologies of 5G communicationtechnology, this paper researches on key technonlgies 5G in rail transit scenarios to achievefast and efficient processing efficiency. It is a solution for intelligent operation and maintenance ofurban rail transit and high-definition video surveillance, and studies and analyzes the security of thesystem solution. This fills the gap of rail transit in these two fields, and provides dual guarantees ofsafety and service for urban rail transit construction. It provides a new direction for the applicationof future urban rail transit system.

A Systematic Review on 5G Massive MIMO Antennas

5G mobile network technology is commonly considered as the most established wireless communication paradigm. With the well-established growth of mobile technology, mobile networks were used to solve a wide range of challenges. 5G is considered as the first mobile network to provide high-speed internet access at any time and in any location. The distinct characteristics of 5G, such as enhanced user experience allows users to remotely connect and operate devices, objects, and equipment, differentiate them from conventional 4G technology. As a result, determining where the commercial may benefit from the adoption of the 5G network is crucial. The efficiency of 5G mobile communication technology assessments is evaluated in this research study by employing massive MIMO antennas.

Design of Remote Monitoring Iot System Based on 5G and New Optical Fiber Intelligent Structure

In recent years, with the progress and development of social science and technology, remote monitoring of Internet of Things systems has attracted more and more attention. The remote monitoring system is mainly a network system with convenient layout, simple maintenance, and high security performance built on the basis of the wireless network, which can realize real-time monitoring, and collects transmit information. It is mostly used in remote monitoring of room temperature, remote monitoring of intelligent furniture, engineering construction, and teaching. Communication technology dominates the operation of remote monitoring systems. With the introduction of 5G technology, mobile Internet technology has been pushed to the top of technology again. Using 5G mobile communication technology in the monitoring system, people can observe or operate the monitored things at any time. The sensor is an indispensable component of the remote monitoring system, and a new type of optical fiber is added to the sensor to make the system function more complete. However, the related technology is not very mature, and the research on remote monitoring system is relatively backward in China. Relevant studies have found that when the remaining energy of the information node in the remote monitoring system reaches 10%, the information node will die and the speed of information transmission will decrease. Therefore, adding new technologies is conducive to improving the performance of remote monitoring systems.

Toward Data Security in 6G Networks: A Public-Key Searchable Encryption Approach

With the advances of the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology, smart applications enhance the quality of daily life, the urban management by the government and the effective allocation of resources. Smart applications collect data through the Internet of Things, store massive data in the cloud server, and use cloud computing and deep learning to analyze the data, according to the data analysis results to guide human production and life. However, with the breakthrough of 6G technology, the amount of data applied is increasing, and the demand for privacy protection is becoming more prominent. Encrypting data using traditional cryptographic algorithms can solve the problem of privacy leakage, but it hampers the availability of the data. Searchable encryption is a special encryption structure with keyword search, which balances the availability and privacy of massive data. In this article, we analyze some typical security and privacy issues in 6G-based applications, discuss the solutions to these problems, and present a framework of 6G-based smart cities with searchable encryption, which provides a guarantee for the privacy and availability of smart city data (including ciphertext search, access control, etc.). We also propose a searchable encryption solution based on ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption to solve the conflict between security and data availability of the smart cities as a specific scenario in order to demonstrate the contribution of cryptographic technologies such as public-key searchable encryption to the 6th generation mobile communication technology.

Beam-Steering Antenna Enables 6G Speeds on 5G Equipment

A 'BEAM-STEERING' antenna developed by UK engineers is claimed to increase the efficiency of data transmission, allowing speeds beyond those achievable with current 5G mobile communication technologies.

5G: Next Generation Mobile Wireless Technology for A Fast Pacing World

The quest for faster and seamless mobile communication services has given rise to the Fifth Generation (5G) mobile communication technology. 5G presents enormous opportunities for end-users, businesses, and the global economy at large. The major edge 5G has over its predecessor technologies; the 3rd and 4th Generation (3G and 4G), is ultra-low latency, which translates to ultra-fast data speed, which has the potential to peak to about 1Gbps at the frequency range of 6GHz to 100GHz. Its application of Multiple Input, Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna technology enables it to beam dedicated radio signals to 5G enabled User Equipment (UEs) using the advanced beam steering algorithm. This results in maximum data throughput with ultra-high bandwidth transmission to end-user applications resulting in new and never-seen-before business opportunities across different industries, investments, and business services. By expanding the scope of wireless technologies and making devices more autonomous, 5G has the potential to reduce carbon emission footprint and encourage greener communities. The application of 5G cuts across all spheres of our lives; industry, transportation, education, communications, health, and businesses. 5G is more inclusive, progressive, proven, and powerful than any of its predecessor generations of communications technology. With more power and improved efficiency, 5G is on its way to creating a truly connected world.

Application of 5G Network Technology in Basketball Teaching Innovation and Reform

The advent of 5G technology has brought ease to many sectors of society and lifestyle. 5G technology has also made significant contributions to education, with a significant positive influence on physical education, especially for online learning. This study examined the online basketball learning system based on the 5G mobile communication technology as well as traditional face-to-face teaching and online learning and analyzed the students’ performance using different evaluation techniques. The network latency is minimized by detecting and correcting the main energy-consuming activities of the 5G network to deliver effective online training to students utilizing 5G basketball teaching (5G_BBT). The features of 5G network nodes and channel characteristics are used to build a comprehensive model of basketball training. The information that could be sent to the user protocol is obtained from the teaching database, and the cluster formation is processed using crossover swarm optimization based on passive clustering. The maximum-likelihood naïve Bayes function is employed to compute the transmission of basketball data transmission, and the border gateway algorithm is used to calculate the optimum cluster path for transmitting the training material, based on distance and residual energy constraints. The model is evaluated in terms of latency energy efficiency and speed to prove the effectiveness of the proposed 5G networking scheme. The proposed algorithm achieved a high network speed of 98%, data transfer efficiency of 90%, and time complexity of 32%, respectively. The 5G-driven basketball training approach will provide students with objective, fair, and diversified learning and adaptive learning services to promote the overall development of students.

Emergency Telemedicine Mobile Ultrasounds Using a 5G-Enabled Application: Development and Usability Study.

BackgroundDigitalization affects almost every aspect of modern daily life, including a growing number of health care services along with telemedicine applications. Fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology has the potential to meet the requirements for this digitalized future with high bandwidths (10 GB/s), low latency (<1 ms), and high quality of service, enabling wireless real-time data transmission in telemedical emergency health care applications.ObjectiveThe aim of this study is the development and clinical evaluation of a 5G usability test framework enabling preclinical diagnostics with mobile ultrasound using 5G network technology.MethodsA bidirectional audio-video data transmission between the ambulance car and hospital was established, combining both 5G-radio and -core network parts. Besides technical performance evaluations, a medical assessment of transferred ultrasound image quality and transmission latency was examined.ResultsTelemedical and clinical application properties of the ultrasound probe were rated 1 (very good) to 2 (good; on a 6 -point Likert scale rated by 20 survey participants). The 5G field test revealed an average end-to-end round trip latency of 10 milliseconds. The measured average throughput for the ultrasound image traffic was 4 Mbps and for the video stream 12 Mbps. Traffic saturation revealed a lower video quality and a slower video stream. Without core slicing, the throughput for the video application was reduced to 8 Mbps. The deployment of core network slicing facilitated quality and latency recovery.ConclusionsBidirectional data transmission between ambulance car and remote hospital site was successfully established through the 5G network, facilitating sending/receiving data and measurements from both applications (ultrasound unit and video streaming). Core slicing was implemented for a better user experience. Clinical evaluation of the telemedical transmission and applicability of the ultrasound probe was consistently positive.

Development and Application of SAW Filter.

With the in-depth advancement of the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication technology, the technical requirements for filters are also constantly improving. Surface acoustic wave (SAW) filters are widely used in home TV, mobile communications, radio frequency filters and radar due to their simple structure, few mask layers, easy miniaturization, and low cost. Through the continuous improvement of communication technology, SAW has developed into various high-performance acoustic filters from bulk SAW with the support of some new architectures, new materials and advanced modeling techniques. This paper analyzes and reviews the research situation of SAW filter technology.

Flexible Design of Low-Delay MEC-VLC Integrating Network Based on Attocell Overlap for IIoT

Recently, multi-access edge computing (MEC) cooperating with fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication technology or WiFi has been widely discussed for low-delay systems. However, for the Industrial Internet of Things, which raises higher requirements on system delay, security, capacity, etc., visible light communication (VLC) has better adaptability due to its controllable attocells. Therefore, we establish a computation and transmission integrated system with MEC-VLC as the main body. To solve the imbalance of resource utilization caused by users’ movement in intensive attocells, we propose a series of flexible design schemes based on access points’ cooperation in attocell overlapping areas. We formulate the overlap-based low-delay flexible system design as an optimization problem and then design the system based on it. Specifically, we first give an attocell-associated congestion judgment criterion and correspondingly propose a user discard algorithm. After that, we offer an iterative optimization method for task assignment, which adjusts computing-transmitting units’ cooperation mode to enhance the overall time delay. Then, the computing and transmitting resources are jointly allocated for delay reduction. Finally, our simulation demonstrates that the overlap-based design has a lower user discard ratio than the traditional distance-based system. The maximum delay and standard deviation are also reduced. Consequently, the flexible design based on attocell overlap can improve the reliability, capacity, and fairness of the low-delay integrating system.