Dimensions Of Questionnaire Research Articles

Perspectives of medical sciences students regarding COVID-19 vaccination: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundThe perspectives of medical sciences students regarding COVID-19 vaccination are crucial as they are future healthcare providers who will influence public health outcomes and vaccination rates. The objective of this study was to investigate medical sciences students' perspectives on vaccination and identify ways that these insights can be used to improve public health strategies.MethodsThis cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Iran, between October 2021 and March 2022. A total of 722 students who were willing to participate in this study were included using convenience sampling. A 47-item researcher-made questionnaire consisting of two sections (sociodemographic characteristics and perspectives regarding COVID-19 vaccination) was designed and utilized for data collection. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22 using descriptive and analytical statistics (One-sample t-test, Friedman test, and Chi-Square) at a significance level of P ≤ 0.05.ResultsThe mean scores for all questionnaire dimensions were significantly higher than the average value of 3.5 (p < 0.001). The highest mean pertained to the dimension of "Understanding the necessity of vaccination" (4.33 ± 0.78), while the lowest mean was related to the dimension of "Awareness about vaccination" (3.61 ± 0.65).ConclusionsThis study found that most medical sciences students surveyed had a positive perspective of COVID-19 vaccination. Further research, especially qualitative and longitudinal studies, is recommended to explore factors influencing students' perspectives on vaccination.

Introduction of Patient-reported Outcome Measures in a Cardiac Surgery Center.

Although patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) as an integral part of value-based healthcare have important potential for clinical issues, e.g., for shared decision-making, data are limited. Thus, the aim of this study was to report initial results when introducing PROMs in the setting of cardiac surgery. Patients undergoing elective coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) were included. Three questionnaires (Seattle Angina Questionnaire 7 [SAQ-7], Rose Dyspnea Scale [RDS], and Patient Health Questionnaire 2 [PHQ-2]) were either administered via iPad (in-hospital) or via a web-based tool (at home). Baseline PROMs were completed at admission. Follow-ups were conducted at 30 days, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. We investigated the probability of improvement using multilevel, mixed-effects, ordered logistic regression. Overall, 99 patients answered the questionnaires preoperatively, 84 of whom answered at least one questionnaire postoperatively. No patient died within the hospitalization. Median (IQR) length of stay in the intensive care unit (ICU) was 1.0 (1.0 to 2.0) days. In all dimensions of any PROMs questionnaire, OR was above 1, indicating that most patients reported improvement 1 to 2 years after surgery by at least 1 grade. In the exploratory analysis we found age ≥75 years positively associated with a significantly greater improvement of the SAQ-7 angina frequency and SAQ-7 quality of life score. Length of stay in the ICU showed no significant association with any PROMs at midterm follow-up. In patients undergoing CABG, after a decline within 30 days postoperatively, quality of life-related outcomes improved markedly in a midterm follow-up compared with the preoperative state.

The effect of peri-operative pain neuroscience education on pain and recovery in adult patients receiving laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair

To optimize the efficacy of analgesia for patients receiving laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair, peri-operative pain neuroscience education (PNE) as a pain-specific cognitive therapy was incorporated into multi-modal analgesia. A randomized controlled trial was conducted to compare conventional analgesia (group CA) and the addition of pain neuroscience education into it (group PNE) in patients receiving laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. Characteristics of peri-operative pain was evaluated with Douleur Neuropathique 4 questionnaire (DN-4), central sensitization inventory (CSI), pain catastrophizing scale (PCS) post-operatively and pressure pain threshold. Post-operative quality of recovery was measured with EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). The incidence of chronic post-operative pain was also recorded. A total of 184 patients consented to participate in this study and finished follow-up. Compared with those receiving conventional analgesia (group CA, N = 91), patients in group PNE (N = 93) reported reduced incidence of moderate-to-severe pain and less dosages of opioid during hospitalization (p < 0.05). Catastrophing, sensitization related to pain were reduced in group PNE (p < 0.05). Quality of recovery was improved till 1 month after surgery (p < 0.05). The addition of pain neuroscience education improved analgesic effect and quality of recovery for patients undergoing laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair. It also helped reduce sensitization and catastrophic of acute surgical pain. This psychologically-oriented analgesic approach merits future research and application for these patients.

Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of the Central Sensitization Inventory Into Simplified Chinese.

To translate the Central Sensitization Inventory from English into simplified Chinese (CSI-sC) and test the psychometric properties of the CSI-sC in patients with chronic pain. A cross-sectional design was used. Cross-cultural adaptation of the CSI-sC was performed following Beaton's guidelines. Using a convenient sampling method, 172 patients with chronic spinal pain and 74 healthy individuals were enrolled. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), EuroQol Five Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D), and Neck Disability Index (NDI) or Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) were used to measure insomnia, pain, quality of life, and functional status. Associations between CSI-sC with these measures were examined for concurrent and convergent validity assessment. Discriminant validity was confirmed by comparing CSI-sC scores between different groups. Exploratory factor analysis was used for the structural validity assessment. Reliability was assessed by internal consistency and test-retest reliability. The Cronbach's alpha of the CSI-sC was 0.886. The intra-class correlation coefficient was 0.757. The CSI-sC showed a five-factor structure (57.2% of variances). The CSI-sC was significantly correlated with the ISI (r = 0.625), EQ-5D index (r = -0.363), EQ-5D health score (r = -0.355), VAS (r = 0.290), NDI (r = 0.432) and ODI (r = 0.333). CSI-sC scores were statistically higher in females compared to males (p = .006) and in the patient population compared to healthy controls (p < .001). The CSI-sC demonstrated good reliability and validity in chronic spinal pain patients. This study offers a good tool for the assessment and identification of central sensitization symptomology in clinical nursing practice, which may help optimize the treatment for patients with chronic pain.

The Effect of Nursing Care Satisfaction on Illness Perception in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome

Objective: This study was conducted as a descriptive, correlational and cross-sectional study to examine the perception of illness in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Methods: The study was carried out in the cardiology services of the training and research hospital. The data of the study were collected with the "Socio-Demographic and İllness Characteristics Information Form of the Patients", "Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale” and "Illness Perception Questionnaire". The sample of the study consisted of 377 patients followed up with acute coronary syndrome. Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Kruskal Wallies, Mann Whitney U, Spearman correlation analyzes were used to evaluate the data. Results: It was determined that the patients included in the study experienced pain (96.3%) in the first rank according to the illness symptom (identity) dimension of the Illness Perception Questionnaire. According to the mean scores of the illness perception dimensions, “Emotional Representations” was the highest with 24.94±5.66, and the highest “Risk Factors” with 20.29±5.22 in the sub-dimension point averages for the causes of the illness. The mean score of the patients according to the Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale was determined as 80.91±17.36. It was determined that there was a weakly significant positive correlation between Newcastle Satisfaction with Nursing Scale and the Duration (acute / chronic) and Results sub-dimensions of Illness Perception Questionnaire (P&lt;0.001). Conclusion: Patients demonstrate that they believe acute coronary syndrome is a chronic illness with serious consequences. In line with the results, it is suggested that nurses should plan service at a level that improves the care of patients' perceptions of illness.

Links Between Coparenting Alliance and Parenting Styles of French Mothers and Fathers

Parenting style (PS) and coparenting alliance (CA) are central concepts in the literature on family socialization and are frequently cited as family variables that explains interindividual differences in the development of learning during childhood. However, there has been limited research examining the relationship between these two concepts. Furthermore, the absence of suitable measurement tools complicates the conduct of comparative studies in France with those conducted elsewhere globally. Thus, the first objective of the present study is to adapt and validate the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire (PSDQ). The second objective is to examine the links between the PS and the CA among mothers and fathers. The study involved a sample of 169 couples with children in fourth- or fifth grade. Both mothers and fathers completed the PSDQ and Parenting Alliance Inventory. Results show that the French version of the PSDQ demonstrates satisfactory psychometric qualities. Structural validity of the questionnaire was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis. Similarly, links between CA and PS have been identified. Specifically, mothers and fathers who reported higher levels of CA also tended to exhibit higher scores in the authoritative style. The relationships between PS and CA provide a better understanding of family functioning. The French version of the PSDQ is therefore suitable for use in both psychology research and clinical practice.

Efficacy of Platelet-Rich Plasma Versus Placebo for the Treatment of Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome: A Double-Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.

Greater trochanteric pain syndrome (GTPS) is a painful condition that can impair a patient's quality of life. If nonoperative measures fail, progressively more invasive treatment options may be required. This clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-guided leukocyte-rich platelet-rich plasma (LR-PRP) injections in the treatment of refractory GTPS caused by bursitis and/or gluteal tendinopathy. An ethically approved, adequately powered, double-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted to evaluate the clinical outcomes in randomized LR-PRP and placebo groups using the International Hip Outcome Tool-12 (iHOT-12), a visual analogue scale (VAS) for pain, the modified Harris hip score (mHHS), the EuroQol 5-Dimensions (EQ-5D) questionnaire, and the presence or absence of complications. All injections were performed under ultrasound guidance into the trochanteric bursa and gluteus medius tendon. The final analysis included 79 patients (39 in the LR-PRP and 40 in the placebo group; 73 female and 6 male; all Caucasian). Both the LR-PRP and the placebo group generally had improvement from baseline that was maintained to 12 months. The only deterioration in scores compared to baseline was seen in the LR-PRP group for the iHOT-12 at 12 months, the EQ-5D index at 3 and 6 months, and the EQ-5D VAS at all follow-up time points. However, there was no significant difference between the 2 groups at any follow-up point (p > 0.05). A multivariable linear regression model, with adjustment for age, sex, body mass index, and preoperative baseline score, did not reveal any significant associations between iHOT-12 and EQ-5D score gains at 12 months and treatment. This randomized trial found no significant difference in outcomes between LR-PRP and placebo for the treatment of greater trochanteric pain up to 6 months following the intervention. As a result, we do not support the routine use of PRP for the treatment of this condition. Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

Toward positive parenting: Exploring the relationship between empathy and gratitude and parental attitudes

Background: Despite many studies on parental attitudes, the extent to which parents’ emotional resources of parents, such as empathy and gratitude, are associated with parental behaviours and attitudes towards children remains unclear. Purpose: The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between the emotional disposition to being grateful and empathetic in parents and their positive parenting attitudes as emotional warmth, autonomy support, and democratic attitude. In addition, the relationship between empathy, gratitude, and negative attitudes such as punitive, permissive discipline and anxious intrusiveness was assessed. Methodology: A sample of 712 Polish parents of children aged between six months and twelve years completed the Interpersonal Reactivity Index, the Gratitude Resentment and Appreciation Test, and the Parental Behaviours and Dimensions Questionnaire. Results: The two proposed structural equation models (SEM) confirmed that empathy and gratitude are predictors of positive and negative parenting dimensions. In addition, gratitude plays a mediating role between different dimensions of empathy and parenting behaviours. Emotional empathy, personal distress and simple appreciation are the most significant factors for positive parental attitudes. Punitive and permissive attitudes are associated with empathy, but not with gratitude. In contrast, anxious intrusiveness is associated with both empathy and gratitude. Conclusions: These findings contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between parents’ emotional resources and their parental behaviours. The results suggest that parents should enhance the experience of empathy and gratitude in their daily lives, as these emotions strengthen positive parental behaviours and weaken negative parenting.

Association between self-reported and proxy informant Health Quality of life of older adults with the use of antipsychotic drugs in nursing homes. A cross-sectional study.

Antipsychotic prescriptions are frequent in nursing homes due to the challenging management of symptoms associated with Alzheimer's disease and related neurodegenerative disorders. This study aimed to assess the association between Health-related Quality Of Life (HrQOL) and antipsychotic use in nursing homes. This is a cross-sectional study of the KASEHPAD (Karukera Study of Ageing in Nursing Homes) study conducted in six nursing homes in Guadeloupe and Martinique (French West Indies). The EuroQol 5-dimensional questionnaire (EQ-5D) was used to measure HRQoL. Clinical characteristics and use of antipsychotic drugs of 194 older adults with both self-reported and proxy informant HrQOL index were extracted. Other outcomes measures included the frequency and severity of delusions, hallucinations and agitation using the reduced Neuropsychiatric Inventory Nursing Home (NPI-R) score, Activities of Daily Living (ADL) score and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score. The mean age of participants was 81.3 years and 63.6% had major cognitive impairment (MMSE score ≤18). The prevalence of delusions (39.7%), hallucinations (27.8%) and agitation (40.7%) was high. Antipsychotic medication was prescribed to 37.1% of the participants. The self-reported HrQOL Index of older adults was higher than the proxy HrQOL Index (0.54 ± 0.43 versus 0.40 ± 0.43) with a correlation coefficient of 0.63 (p<0.001). The use of antipsychotic medication was associated with a higher self-reported HrQOL index, after controlling for the frequency (β = 0.144, p = 0.024) or severity (β = 0.159, p = 0.009) of delusions, hallucinations and agitation symptoms. Conversely, antipsychotic use was not associated with proxy HrQOL Index. Despite the adverse effects of long-term use of antipsychotic drugs in older adults, it is associated with better-perceived HrQOL among nursing home residents. However, this association was not observed when HrQOL was assessed by proxy informants. This finding may explain the challenges in reducing the use of this therapeutic class in nursing homes.

Comparison of the EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L instruments in patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.

The purpose of this investigation is to assess and contrast the effectiveness of the two EuroQol five dimensions questionnaire (EQ-5D) versions-EQ-5D-3L and EQ-5D-5L-in assessing one-year quality of life outcomes for patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA). From the medical records at the Honghui Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 402 individuals aged 50 and above, who were one-year post-operation, were selected to fill out survey questionnaires during their return hospital visits. Of these, 231 respondents (57.5%) completed the questionnaire; 228 completed both versions, and 56 completed the EQ-5D retest questionnaire. The assessment included missing data, ceiling effects, informativity and discriminatory power, as well as response consistency, redistribution properties, and inconsistency. Reliability and validity were also evaluated. The results indicate that the EQ-5D-5L surpasses the EQ-5D-3L in construct validity, informativity, detection precision, and discriminatory power. Consistency reliability is also better in the EQ-5D-5L than in the EQ-5D-3L. Both instrument versions maintained reliable levels of test-retest reliability. In patients with KOA undergoing UKA, the EQ-5D-5L has proven superior in measurement capabilities when compared with the EQ-5D-3L one-year post-operation. Thus, it is advised to utilize the EQ-5D-5L for ongoing assessments of quality of life in this specific group of patients.

Evaluation of vascular photobiomodulation for orofacial pain and tension type headache following COVID 19 in a pragmatic randomized clinical trial

This pragmatic double-blind randomized clinical trial aims to assess the impact of vascular photobiomodulation on post-COVID-19 patients experiencing tension-type headache, orofacial pain, or both persisting for more than 3 months. Participants were divided into two groups: vascular photobiomodulation (VPBM) and simulated VPBM. Their conditions were evaluated using the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI), Visual Analogue Scale, and Headache Impact Test (HIT-6). Data analysis included both inter and intragroup assessments, employing per-protocol and intention-to-treat analyses. Significant differences were observed in pain levels pre- and post-treatment and between the two groups. These differences were evident in the average pain experienced in the previous week (p = 0.010) and various dimensions of the BPI questionnaire, such as the degree of pain interference with walking (p = 0.011), work (p = 0.009), sleep (p = 0.012), and enjoyment of life (p = 0.016). However, there was no statistically significant difference in headache impact on activities of daily living as measured by the HIT. Vascular photobiomodulation shows promise in reducing pain and enhancing the ability to engage in daily activities among post-COVID-19 patients experiencing persistent headaches and orofacial pain.

Perception of health and illness and quality of life after total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma: the PERSAM study.

Differentiated thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine neoplasm; several studies have shown that individuals perceive the disease as being more severe than it actually is, resulting in a reduced quality of life. The primary aim of this study is to assess the quality of life and perception of illness among patients admitted for radiometabolic therapy, post total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. The secondary aim is to identify which patient characteristics are associated with a lower quality of life in order to improve and personalize care. The study was conducted at the UOC of Radiotherapy Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS in Padua, Italy. Three questionnaires were administered: Psychological General Well-Being Index (PGWBI), the Illness Perception Questionnaire (IPQ-R) and the Short Form Survey (SF-12). A descriptive statistics analysis and multiple linear regression models were performed to explore the relationship between some of the variables. Significant associations emerged between the type of surgery and higher values on the PGWBI questionnaire (P = 0.022) and the score obtained in the 'emotional representations' dimension of the IPQ-R questionnaire (P = 0.028). Pathology staging was statistically significantly (P = 0.026) associated with the score obtained in the dimension 'identity'; age with the scores obtained in the dimensions 'emotional representations' (P = 0.035), 'personal control' (P = 0.004), 'consistency with pathology' (P < 0.001) and 'causes' (P = 0.004). There is evidence of moderate distress in psychological well-being and good perception of pathology. There is less understanding of the disease in individuals with stage 3 and 4 thyroid cancer, in those who have undergone total thyroidectomy without lymphadenectomy and who are aged over 60. Physical well-being: limitations in self-care and moderately physically demanding activities. Mental health: more information to patients decreases the degree of stress and promotes 'positive' emotions. Physical health status: a long-term activity program, characterized by aerobic exercises to be performed in groups or at home, is useful. This study allows to transpose the results into clinical practice, evaluating the possibility and methods of providing personalized care to patients.

The Health-Related Quality of Life for Cemented Versus Uncemented Hemiarthroplasty in Elderly Patients With Femoral Neck Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Femoral neck fractures in the elderly are a global health issue, with the choice between cemented and uncemented hemiarthroplasty remaining a topic of debate. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to compare the effects of the two surgical options on health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mortality, and functional outcomes. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing cemented with uncemented hemiarthroplasty in patients aged 50 years and older with femoral neck fractures. The primary outcome of interest was HRQoL as measured by the European Quality of Life 5-Dimension Questionnaire (EQ-5D) score. Secondary outcomes included mortality, surgical, general, and local complications. We included 20 RCTs with a total of 3680 patients with femoral neck fractures, of whom 1871 (50.5%) underwent cemented and 1809 (49.5%) uncemented hemiarthroplasty. The follow-up ranged from 1 to 6 years. The early (after 3-4 months) EQ-5D utility score (MD 0.07; 95% CI 0.03-0.12; p = 0.003; I2 = 22%) and the 12-month EQ-5D utility score (MD 0.08; 95% CI 0.00-0.16; p = 0.04; I2 = 67%) suggested an improved HRQoL in the cemented hemiarthroplasty group. The outcomes of 1-year mortality, requirement for additional surgeries, surgery duration, risk of pulmonary embolism, pressure sores or ulcers, intraoperative fractures, and periprosthetic or postoperative fractures demonstrated significant differences between the two groups. The use of cemented hemiarthroplasty in patients with femoral neck fractures presented better results when compared to uncemented hemiarthroplasty in terms of HRQoL during the first year after surgery and greater mortality reduction at 1 year follow-up and reduced the need for further surgery. Therefore, the use of cemented hemiarthroplasty may be preferred for the treatment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.

Health-related quality of life in a large cohort of patients with cardiac implantable electronic devices A registry-based study

Aim The association of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED), namely pacemaker (PM), implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and cardiac resynchronization therapy with (CRT-D) or without defibrillator (CRT-P) with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is lacking. Methods and results Data from the Swedish Pacemaker and ICD Registry collected from January 2019 to February 2022 was used to analyze the responses to the European Quality of Life-5 Dimension questionnaire (EQ-5D) before and after one year of the CIED implant. Descriptive analysis was performed using Pearson’s chi-square test, the analysis of variance ANOVA, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test when appropriate. A multivariable regression analysis was used to compare the EQ-5D index and EQ-VAS variation after 1 year. Of 1,479 who completed the EQ-5D, 80% had a PM, 10% an ICD, 5% a CRT-P and 6% a CRT-D. The median age was 77 years with females constituting 38% of the PM group and 17% of the ICD group. The EQ-VAS and the EQ-5D index significantly increased after one year from the PM and CRT-P implant (EQ-VAS +2.8, standard deviations (SD) 23 and +5.8, SD 24.9; EQ-5D index +0.019, SD 0.114 and +0.051, SD 0.125) while only the EQ-5D index increased after one year from the ICD implant (+0.002, SD 0.104). After adjusting for age, sex and HRQoL at baseline, the presence of defibrillator was associated with lower EQ-VAS (ICD EQ-VAS variation: -3.4, 95% confidence intervals (CI) -6.7; -0.1 and CRT-D EQ-VAS variation -4.8, 95% CI -8.8;-0.7) and EQ-5D index (ICD EQ-5D index variation: -0.018, 95% CI -0.035; -0.0003 and CRT-D EQ-5D index variation -0.025 95% CI 0.046;0.004) after one year compared to PM. Conclusion These findings, showing the HRQoL associated with CIED, are important to support physicians’ and pacemaker nurses’ care after device implantation by embracing the patients’ perspectives.

Balneotherapy (Mud-Bath Therapy) with a Peloid Enriched with Rosmarinic Acid Enhances Clinical Outcomes and Innate Immune Benefits in Elderly Patients with Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a common chronic condition that causes pain and disability, particularly in the elderly, resulting in significant limitations on mobility and overall quality of life. Balneotherapy using peloids (mud therapy) is an effective, non-pharmacological treatment for OA that improves symptoms and function. This pilot study aimed to assess whether a controlled-matured peloid, supplemented with rosmarinic acid (RosA), could enhance clinical outcomes, functional status, and immune response in OA patients. The study involved 42 elderly OA patients (mean age 70), comparing a 10-day balneotherapy cycle using either a RosA-fortified or non-fortified peloid. The effects on pain (Visual Analogue Scale), functional status (WOMAC, knee flexion/extension), quality of life (EUROQOL), and innate immune response (neutrophil phagocytic and microbicidal activity) were evaluated. Both treatments resulted in significant improvements in pain (by approximately 60%), function, and quality of life, but the RosA-fortified peloid led to greater benefits, particularly in the anxiety/depression dimension of the EUROQOL questionnaire and in enhancing neutrophil immune responsiveness. These findings suggest that RosA supplementation may further improve the therapeutic effects of mud therapy for OA management.

Is there an association between parenting styles, personality traits, and parent-reported sleep bruxism in Brazilian children?

ABSTRACT Objective To explore the relationship between parenting styles and children’s personality traits and parental-reported sleep bruxism (SB). Methods A total of 301 parents/caregivers of Brazilian children participated in this cross-sectional study and answered an online questionnaire addressing sociodemographic characteristics, sleep-related behaviors and parent-reported SB. The Brazilian versions of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire-Junior assessed children’s parenting styles and personality traits. Descriptive analysis and multinomial logistic regression were used. Results Boys (OR=2.07; 95% CI=1.09–3.91) whose snoring (OR=2.98; 95% CI=1.55–5.73) were associated with mild parent-reported SB. Boys (OR=2.61; 95% CI=1.20–5.70) and high levels of neuroticism (OR=2.27; 95% CI=1.06–4.860) were associated with moderate/severe parent-reported SB. Authoritarian parenting attitudes decreased the likelihood of moderate/severe parent-reported SB (OR=0.37; 95% CI=0.16–0.86). Conclusions Parents/caregivers who exhibited more authoritarian attitudes reported a lower prevalence of moderate/severe children SB. Neuroticism trait and snoring influenced the severity of parent-reported SB.

Psychometric evaluation of the Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire.

To replicate and extend previous psychometric findings for the Autism Symptom Dimensions Questionnaire (ASDQ). Using a cross-sectional design in two samples, including a total of 3366 children and adolescents (aged 2-17 years; 1399 with autism spectrum disorder) and a small case series, factor structure, measurement invariance, reliability, construct validity, screening and diagnostic efficiency, and detection of reliable change were examined for the ASDQ. Strong psychometric properties were observed, including replicable factor structure, strong measurement invariance, adequate-to-excellent scale and conditional reliability, strong convergent and discriminant validity, and good screening efficiency. Importantly, two crucial measurement aspects required for a good treatment outcome measure were found, that is, good test-retest stability and the potential to detect reliable change. As expected for an informant-reported questionnaire, diagnostic efficiency was weak. The ASDQ showed evidence of favorable and well-replicated psychometric properties in two samples. Good screening but weak diagnostic efficiency, coupled with good test-retest stability, suggest that optimal clinical use is in screening and in detailed clinical characterization beyond what is offered by current informant-reported measures, with the potential for monitoring response to intervention. Despite relative brevity, the ASDQ provides good coverage of broad and specific aspects of the autism behavioral phenotype, which is consistent with the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition.

Maternal parenting style and self-regulatory private speech content use in preschool children.

Private speech is a tool through which children self-regulate. The regulatory content of children's overt private speech is associated with response to task difficulty and task performance. Parenting is proposed to play a role in the development of private speech as co-regulatory interactions become represented by the child as private speech to regulate thinking and behaviour. This study investigated the relationship between maternal parenting style and the spontaneous regulatory content of private speech in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 70) during a problem-solving Duplo construction task. Sixty-six children used intelligible private speech which was coded according to its functional self-regulatory content (i.e., forethought, performance, and self-reflective). Mothers completed the Australian version of the Parenting Styles and Dimensions Questionnaire. Results revealed a significant positive association between maternal authoritative parenting and the frequency and proportion of children's forethought type (i.e., planning and self-motivational) utterances during the construction task. There were no significant associations between maternal parenting style and other private speech content subtypes.

Nursing Students' Experiences About Clinical Practice Tutoring: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

A cross-sectional observational study was carried out. The population was comprised of nursing students attending their fourth year of university during the 2023/2024 academic period, with a final sample of 179 subjects. Sociodemographic data were collected and a validated questionnaire on opinions about the figure of clinical practice tutors was applied, with 34 closed questions offering five answer options. The questions were categorized into 17 dimensions. A question on the students' satisfaction with tutoring of the practices was included, in addition to an open question to gather the students' comments and/or suggestions in relation to clinical practice tutoring. The analysis was performed through a data matrix in SPSS. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to compare the centres according to the questionnaire dimensions, considering p-values < 0.05 to establish statistically significant differences. The open question was analysed using Atlas.ti. Most of the students were women, with an approximate mean age of 23 years old. Significant differences were detected among the centres in almost all dimensions from the questionnaire. High satisfaction levels were obtained in the three centres. A total of 83 verbatims were collected in the open question and grouped into eight categories. Nursing students place significant importance on the role of the clinical tutor. Clinical tutors who demonstrate enthusiasm for teaching, foster a positive environment based on active listening, respect, and the encouragement of autonomy, are essential to enhancing the students' experience during clinical placements.

Impact of postoperative cauda equina clumping on recovery after biportal endoscopic decompression for severe lumbar stenosis.

This study determined the prevalence of cauda equina clumping among patients with Schizas grade C or higher central stenosis after decompression and compared the radiographic and clinical outcomes between patients with and without clumping. We conducted a single-center retrospective cohort study involving 98 patients who underwent biportal endoscopic spine surgery between January 2019 and June 2022. Based on postoperative magnetic resonance imaging findings, the patients were divided into the clumping (n = 40) and non-clumping (n = 58) groups. Clinical outcomes were assessed using the visual analog scale for back and leg pain, Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), and EuroQol 5-Dimension (EQ-5D-5L) questionnaire at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Radiographic evaluations included measuring the cross-sectional area of the dural sac preoperatively and 1 month postoperatively using the PACS software. Postoperative cauda equina clumping was observed in 40.8% of the patients. Despite an average dural sac expansion of approximately 270%, the clumping group exhibited significantly higher radiating pain at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05) than the non-clumping group. The ODI and EQ-5D scores were worse in the clumping group at 3 months (p < 0.05). At 12 months postoperatively, differences in clinical outcomes between the two groups were not significant. Patients in the clumping group required longer duration of postoperative medication than those in the non-clumping group (p = 0.024). Post-decompression cauda equina clumping is commonly observed in patients with severe lumbar stenosis and impacts intermediate-term clinical recovery. Although long-term outcomes at 1 year are similar, tailored postoperative care is essential for patients exhibiting clumping to effectively manage prolonged symptoms.