4th Degrees Research Articles

Возможности хирургической коррекции спонтанной дислокации комплекса «интраокулярная линза – капсульный мешок», развившейся в различные сроки после факоэмульсификации возрастной катаракты

Purpose. Substantiation of surgical correction method of spontaneous dislocation of the complex «intraocular lens – capsular bag» (CICB), that developed after phacoemulsification (PE), in relation to its severity. Material and methods. The clinical material consisted of 28 patients (28 eyes) aged 61 to 89 years. The terms of spontaneous dislocation of CICB after PE performed widely varied from 3 months to 11 years, averaging 5 ± 2 years. According to our proposed classification degrees of severity spontaneous dislocation of CICB, its 1st degree took place in 8 eyes; 2nd – in 9 eyes; 3rd – in 16 eyes; 4th – in 3 eyes. Surgical correction was performed in all cases dislocation of CICB 2nd or more degrees, the volume of which was commensurate with the initial severity of the eye condition. Results. All operations were carried out as planned, without complications. The postoperative response of the eyes was assessed on the 1st and next days of the postoperative period. In all cases, it corresponded to the volume of performed surgical intervention. So, in 19 eyes, it corresponded to the 1st degree; in 6 eyes – 2nd degree; 3 eyes developed 3rd degree postoperative response of the eyes (postoperative uveitis). Indexes of uncorrected visual acuity on days 3–5 in 14 eyes (50 %) ranged from 0.05 to 0.4; in 8 eyes (29 %) we achieved indexes like they were immediately after PE. Conclusion. Thus, in our experience, the surgical correction of spontaneous dislocations of CICB of the 2–4th degrees has shown itself to be effective in all of these cases. Keywords: phacoemulsification, spontaneous dislocation of the «intraocular lens – capsule bag» complex, surgical treatment

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНОЕ СООТВЕТСТВИЕ ПРИ РАЗНЫХ УСЛОВИЯХ КОДИРОВАНИЯ ИНФОРМАЦИИ (экспериментальные исследования слышащих респондентов и респондентов с нарушенным слухом)

The article deals with developing an approach to studying the mechanism of interaction of secondary emotions and semantically similar concepts-scenarios in two groups. The authors analyze results of questioning the teenagers comparing two different levels of coding information. The aim of the work is to develop a methodology for establishing a conceptual correspondence between a secondary emotion as a concept and a concept-scenario, which is based on cognitive-associative connections. The novelty of the work lies in the fact that for the first time the mechanism of forming a cognitive construct, including secondary emotions and semantically similar concepts-scenarios, is analyzed, and the levels of conceptual correspondence are established in the groups of hearing and with impaired hearing respondents. The methods to fulfill the tasks are: the method of questioning, which helps to collect reliable data in each group of subjects; the method of quantitative counting and ranking, which helps to bring the result to the identification of the range of values obtained; the comparison method is also used in identifying coincidences and differences in the results of two groups. The methodological algorithm of establishing a conceptual correspondence between a concept as secondary emotion and a concept-scenario is developed and consists of methods: the method of lexical analysis, the method of comparison of qualitative interactions when establishing a conceptual correspondence. Then conceptual correspondence is revealed according to three levels: complete conceptual correspondence, incomplete conceptual correspondence, lack of conceptual correspondence. The results show the main nomination of secondary emotion “fear” revealed in two groups, the situation from the past experience (concept scenario) being the same as a description connected with being at altitude. Teenagers with the 1st and 2nd degree of deafness were able to establish cognitive-association links and, therefore, showed the ability to form a cognitive construct consisting of a nominated secondary emotion as a concept and concept-scenario. The teenagers with hearing impairments of the 3rd and 4th degrees didn’t cope with the task in establishing cognitive association links, since more serious hearing impairments seem to lead to impaired formation of cognitive-association connections and, as a result, cognitive constructs. Accordingly, the formation of cognitive construct makes it possible to speak of a connection between a newly-learned phenomenon and past experience. The cognitive construct is established on the basis of the actualization of secondary emotion in two concepts. The data obtained can be used to correct and regulate cognitive-associative links between the concept and the similar concept-scenario.

COMPARISON OF INFECTION RATES, QUARANTINE PERIODS, AND FEAR LEVELS IN UNDERGRADUATE PHYSIOTHERAPY AND REHABILITATION STUDENTS WHO HAD FACE-TO-FACE AND ONLINE EDUCATION DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: A SINGLE-CENTER, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

Purpose: The objective of the present study was to compare the rates of COVID-19 infection and quarantine periods, and COVID-19 related fear in undergraduate physiotherapy and rehabilitation students who continued their educations as online or face-to-face. Methods: Three hundred and one students who continued their education during the 2020-2021 fall term as online (n= 144, for 1st and 4th degrees), or face-to-face under strict special precautions (n= 157, for 2nd and 3rd grades) were included. Demographic characteristics, COVID-19 infection diagnosis and quarantine due to contact were questioned via a structured online form. COVID-19 related fear was assessed by using the Fear of COVID-19 Scale. Results: No statistical differences were detected regarding demographical characteristics and COVID-19 infection rates between the groups (p> 0.05). The online education group had higher quarantine rates due to contact with an infected person (p= 0.040), while the face-to-face group reported higher COVID 19 related fear (p= 0.001). Conclusion: According to our results, although the COVID-19-related fears of student who received face to-face education were higher than those who received online education, the quarantine numbers and infection rates were similar in both groups. Our results support that physiotherapy and rehabilitation education can be continued as face-to-face under special precautions. The precautions we used in our study may be benefited to continue face-to-face education in future pandemics.

Process of Japanese macaque group fission at Arashiyama and the influences of maternal kin relations and social relations between adult males and females on it.

In 1986, the Japanese macaques of Arashiyama B group fissioned into Arashiyama E and F groups through the following process. In December 1985, the death of the beta male triggered aggressive interactions among the adult males of B group, leading to a decline in the ranks of two mid-ranked males. Several females started to gather around these two males, formed a stable subgroup (here called the female cluster), and spatially distanced themselves from other group members (main group). Some of these females had mating relations with these two males in previous mating seasons. After the end of the 1985-86 mating season, agonistic interactions occurred frequently between the female cluster and main group. Eventually, two independent groups were established. The females within the 4th degrees of matrilineal consanguinity tended to belong to the same group, but no such tendency occurred in those dyads separated by the 5th or more degrees. After the completion of group fission, mating occurred only a few times between E and F group members. In 1986, when the group fission was in progress, the birth rate of both branch groups declined, and infant mortality increased in E group. After 1987, the birth rate recovered in both branch groups although infant mortality remained high.

Development of metrological support for color calibration of digital microscopy systems

The article is dedicated to the color reproducibility in images obtained on various digital microscopy systems (DMS). This problem can be solved by color calibration with a special slide. According to the previously formulated requirements, a slide prototype for DMS color calibration was developed and manufactured. Several color calibration algorithms were tested to choose the best one for minimizing the color difference. Color calibration algorithms were based on polynomials of different degrees with and without cross terms for CIE Lab color fields’ coordinates. This comparison was made with the color slide prototype and two DMSs based on Meiji MT4300 and Olympus BX41 microscopes. The comparison proved the polynomials with cross terms of 3rd and 4th degrees to be the best for DMSs based on Meiji and Olympus microscopes, respectively. The minimal color difference with respect to the true color fields’ coordinates was 0.75 ΔE* and 0.66 ΔE* for Meiji and Olympus, respectively. The results indicate the suitability of the slide prototype for DMS color calibration since it is possible to achieve a color difference below the visually distinguishable threshold of 2.2 ΔE*.

INTERPOLATION OF TABULAR FUNCTIONS FROM ONE INDEPENDENT VARIABLE USING THE TAYLOR POLYNOMIAL

A method of local interpolation of tabular functions from one independent variable using the Taylor polynomial of the nth degree in arbitrarily located interpolation nodes has been developed. This makes it possible to calculate intermediate values of tabular functions between interpolation nodes. The conducted analysis of the latest research and publications in the field of interpolation of tabular functions showed that the main part of the research is a strict theory of interpolation, i.e. clarification of its fundamental mathematical provisions. Some features of the interpolation of tabular functions from one independent variable using the Taylor polynomial of the nth degree are considered, namely: the solution algorithm and mathematical formulation of the interpolation problem are given; its formalized notation is given, as well as the matrix notation of interpolation procedures for certain values of the argument. A scalar algorithm for solving the problem of interpolation of tabular functions from one independent variable using the Taylor polynomial of the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th degrees has been developed. The simplicity and clarity of this algorithm is one of its advantages, but the algorithm is inconvenient for software implementation. The mathematical formulation of the problem of interpolation of tabular functions in terms of matrix algebra is given. The interpolation task is reduced to performing the following actions: based on the values of nodal points known from the table, it is necessary to calculate the Taylor matrix of the nth degree; based on the function values specified in the table a column vector of interpolation nodes should be formed; solve a linear system of algebraic equations, the root of which is the numerical coefficients of the Taylor polynomial of the nth degree. A method of calculating the coefficients of the interpolant, given by the Taylor polynomial of the nth degree for one independent variable has been developed. The essence of the method reduces to the product of the matrix, inverse of the Taylor matrix, which is determined by the nodal points of the tabular function, by a column vector containing the values of the interpolation nodes. Specific examples demonstrate the peculiarities of calculating the interpolant coefficients of the 2nd, 3rd and 4th degrees for one independent variable, and for each of them the interpolated value of the function at a given point is calculated. Calculations were performed in the Excel environment, which by analogy can be successfully implemented in any other computing environment.

Modern trends in diagnostics and prediction of results of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor therapy of pigment epithelial detachment in neovascular agerelated macular degeneration using deep machine learning method (literature review)

Detachment of the pigment epithelium is the separation of the basement membrane of the retinal pigment epithelium from the inner collagen layer of Bruch’s membrane, which occurs in 80 % of cases in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. The outcome of anti-VEGF therapy for pigment epithelial detachment may be adherence of the pigment epithelium, the formation of pigment epithelium tear, or preservation of the detachment. The pigment epithelium tear of 3–4th degrees can lead to a sharp decrease in visual acuity.Most retrospective studies confi rm the absence of a proven correlation between anatomical and functional outcomes in the treatment of pigment epithelial detachment in cases of maintaining the integrity of the pigment epithelium monolayer, and therefore the main attention of researchers is focused on studying the morphological features of pigment epithelial detachment during therapy with angiogenesis inhibitors. Modern technologies of spectral optical coherence tomography make it possible to evaluate detailed quantitative parameters of pigment epithelium detachment, such as height, width, maximum linear diameter, area, volume and refl ectivity within the detachment.Groups of Russian and foreign authors identify various biomarkers recorded on optical coherence tomography images. Dynamic registration of such biomarkers expands the ability of clinicians to predict morphological changes in pigment epithelial detachment during anti-VEGF therapy, as well as to optimize treatment regimens to prevent complications in the form of pigment epithelium tear leading to a decrease in visual acuity.Modern methods of deep machine learning and the use of neural networks allow achieving higher accuracy in diff erentiating the types of retinal fluids and automating the quantitative determination of fl uid under the pigment epithelium. These technologies allow achieving a high level of compliance with manual expert assessment and increasing the accuracy and speed of predicting morphological results of treatment of pigment epithelium detachments.

Niezwykłe małżeńskie życie codzienne w suplikach do Penitencjarii Apostolskiej z metropolii gnieźnieńskiej w XV wieku

The Apostolic Penitentiary, besides clerical, Church and religious matters, also dealt with matrimonial matters. The jurisdiction of the Apostolic Penitentiary included mainly granting dispensations from matrimonial impediments, but also absolution when the marriage was contracted with the knowledge of the existence of an impediment and resolving doubtful or unclear cases. The most common marriage problem in the province of Gniezno was the impediment of consanguinity in 4th and 3rd degrees. However, among the marriage cases we also find stories of domestic violence, complicated arrangements between relatives, acts of bigamy and love stories. All this took place in relatively narrow groups of cousins and people related by affinity to each other.

Особливості перебігу гострих респіраторно-вірусних інфекцій у дітей раннього віку з тимомегалією

Вступ. Особливості перебігу гострої респіраторної вірусної інфекції (ГРВІ) у дітей із збільшеною загрудинною залозою пов’язані з наявністю у хворих більш чи менш значного імунодефіцитного стану та дисгормонозу з проявами наднирникової недостатності. Мета — вивчити особливості перебігу гострих респіраторних вірусних інфекцій та дослідити функцію наднирникових залоз у дітей раннього віку з тимомегалією. Матеріал та методи. У клінічні дослідження було залучено 41 дитину з тимомегалією, хвору на ускладнені форми ГРВІ, віком від 1 місяця до 3 років. Етіологічна розшифровка ГРВІ проводилася методом парних сироваток. Вміст кортизолу в плазмі крові визначався імуноферментним методом. Групу порівняння становили 36 дітей із тимомегалією без проявів ГРВІ впродовж не менше 3 місяців. Результати. Аналіз анамнестичних даних хворих із тимомегалією показав, що більшість із них зазнали впливу несприятливих умов на різних етапах антенатального, інтранатального та постнатального розвитку. Аналіз даних про розміри загрудинної залози вказав на те, що 3–4-й ступінь тимомегалії частіше спостерігався в дітей з ознаками стенозуючого ларинготрахеїту (75,0 %). У 23,5 % хворих на обструктивний бронхіт тимомегалія була 1-го ступеня, у решти — 3-го та 4-го. При необструктивному варіанті ураження бронхів відмічена протилежна тенденція: найменший ступінь збільшення загрудинної залози діагностовано в 62,5 %, а 3-й та 4-й — у 37,5 % хворих (р < 0,05). Найменша забезпеченість кортизолом спостерігалася в гострому періоді стенозуючого ларинготрахеїту (409,4 ± 10,2 нмоль/мл проти 537,7 ± 11,5 нмоль/мл у групі порівняння; р < 0,05). У гострому періоді ГРВІ, що ускладнилася бронхітом, рівень кортизолу не підвищувався і становив 432,3 ± 32,3 нмоль/мл). У групі хворих на пневмонію зареєстровано вірогідне, можливо, компенсаторне підвищення рівня кортизолу (787,3 ± 2,0 нмоль/мл, р < 0,05). При обструктивному бронхіті в гострому періоді відзначена тільки тенденція до збільшення концентрації кортизолу в крові (562,9 ± 18,9 нмоль/мл). Неоднорідним було й відновлення функції кори наднирникових залоз під час одужання дітей раннього віку з тимомегалією. Найбільш значно до фізіологічних показників наблизилися діти, які одужували від гострого бронхіту. Забезпеченість кортизолом хворих на пневмонію на момент одужання практично не відрізнялася від вихідного рівня дітей із ти­момегалією. Найбільш швидко кількість кортизолу збільшувалася в динаміці стенозуючого ларинготрахеїту (до 528,5 ± 22,6 нмоль/мл). Висновок. Діти з тимомегалією становлять групу ризику за розвитком бронхолегеневих ускладнень гострих респіраторно-вірусних інфекцій.

Оценка состояния опорно-двигательного аппарата у спортивных лошадей в условиях Среднего Урала

Abstract. Purpose. Evaluation of the effectiveness methods of visual diagnostics of diseases of the musculoskeletal system sports horses and the spread of diseases in equestrian clubs in the Middle Urals. Methods. The analysis of the diagnostic capabilities of X-ray and ultrasound research 31 sports horses of different age categories was carried out. Some of the animals had pronounced clinical signs of pathologies. The results obtained showed that 65 different pathologies were detected in 30 out of 31 examined horses, that is, in 96.7 % of animals. Disorders of the toe axis, fractures and cracks, convergence of spinous processes, end hoof, tendinitis, arthrosis of 2nd, 3rd, 4th degrees, including 1st degree, clinically not expressed were most often recorded. In young animals under the age of 1 year, such pathologies as violation of the finger axis and cracks in the bones prevail, from 1 to 3 years of age, fractures of the coffin bone were recorded, the appearance of the end hoof and a violation of the finger axis predominated, while in these groups of animals no pathologies were recorded during ultrasound. Thus, according to the results of visual diagnostics in the age groups from 0 to 3 years, there are on average 1.6 pathologies per horse, and in the age groups from 3 years and older, there are 2.3 pathologies per horse. Based on the above, we can conclude that the complex use of visual diagnostic methods has shown high efficiency in assessing the state of the musculoskeletal system in animals of all age groups. Scientific novelty. In the conditions of equestrian clubs in the Middle Urals, the most common diseases of the musculoskeletal system in sports horses have been identified and the most effective methods for their diagnosis have been determined.

Optimization of energy parameters during surgery of high-density cataract

The goal is to develop a combined technique for preliminary YAG laser fragmentation and Femto laser exposure on a CATALYS device and to evaluate its role in reducing the time and energy parameters of a surgery of high-density cataract.
 Material and methods. The study included 118 patients (118 eyes) with age-related cataracts of the 3rd and 4th degrees of lens nucleus density. In the main group, before phacoemulsification (PE) with a Femto laser support and IOL implantation, preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation of the lens nucleus was performed. In the first control group, PE was performed with Femto laser support and IOL implantation. In the second control group PE with IOL implantation.
 Results. A 35% decrease in the energy of the Femto laser action at a 3rd degree of lens nucleus density was achieved, and 40% at the 4th degree, in comparison with the PE with the Femto laser support without preliminary YAG laser phacofragmentation, a 38% decrease in the cumulative ultrasound energy at 3rd degree of the lens nucleus density, and 42% at 4th degree compared with isolated ultrasonic cataract phacoemulsification.
 Conclusion. The proposed modification of the technique of combined YAG laser and Femto laser exposure allows achieving during cataract surgery a complete fragmentation of the lens nucleus of a high degree of density, helps minimizing the risk of complications and reaching quick postoperative rehabilitation of patients.

명승 부안 채석강ㆍ적벽강 일원의 경관관리를 위한 관속식물상 연구

This research was conducted to provide basic information for landscape management, natural resource 􀁆􀁒􀁑􀁖􀁈􀁕􀁙􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁘􀁗􀁌􀁏􀁌􀁝􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁕􀁒􀁘􀁊􀁋􀀃􀁖􀁜􀁖􀁗􀁈􀁐􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁆􀀃􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁆􀁋􀀃􀁒􀁑􀀃􀃀􀁒􀁕􀁄􀀃􀁄􀁑􀁇􀀃􀁏􀁄􀁑􀁇􀁖􀁆􀁄􀁓􀁈􀀃􀁆􀁋􀁄􀁑􀁊􀁈􀁖􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀶􀁆􀁈􀁑􀁌􀁆􀀃􀀶􀁌􀁗􀁈􀀃 (No. 13) Chaeseokgang and Jeokbyeokgang Cliffed Coasts, Buan. A total of 183 taxa of vascular plants were identified, the detail being 65 families, 138 genus, 157 species, 1 subspecies, 23 varieties, and 2 forms. There were only two ferns and two gymnosperms, but also 175 types of angiosperms were 􀁌􀁇􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁌􀂿􀁈􀁇􀀏􀀃􀁚􀁋􀁌􀁆􀁋􀀃􀁌􀁖􀀃􀀜􀀘􀀑􀀙􀀈􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁗􀁒􀁗􀁄􀁏􀀑􀀃􀀤􀁐􀁒􀁑􀁊􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁓􀁏􀁄􀁑􀁗􀁖􀀃􀁕􀁈􀁖􀁈􀁄􀁕􀁆􀁋􀁈􀁇􀀏􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁗􀁄􀁛􀁒􀁑􀀃􀁚􀁌􀁗􀁋􀀃􀁗􀁋􀁈􀀃􀁊􀁕􀁈􀁄􀁗􀁈􀁖􀁗􀀃􀁑􀁘􀁐􀁅􀁈􀁕􀀃 􀁚􀁄􀁖􀀃􀀦􀁒􀁐􀁓􀁒􀁖􀁌􀁗􀁄􀁈􀀃􀁚􀁋􀁌􀁆􀁋􀀃􀁕􀁈􀁆􀁒􀁕􀁇􀁈􀁇􀀃􀀕􀀙􀀃􀁗􀁜􀁓􀁈􀁖􀀑􀀃􀀤􀀃􀁗􀁒􀁗􀁄􀁏􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀀗􀀃􀁗􀁄􀁛􀁄􀀃􀁒􀁉􀀃􀁈􀁑􀁇􀁈􀁐􀁌􀁆􀀃􀁓􀁏􀁄􀁑􀁗􀁖􀀃􀁚􀁈􀁕􀁈􀀃􀁌􀁇􀁈􀁑􀁗􀁌􀂿􀁈􀁇􀀞􀀃􀀦􀁏􀁈􀁐􀁄􀁗􀁌􀁖􀀃 brachyura, Populus tomentiglandulosa, Broussonetia kazinoki Siebold, and Saussurea eriophylla Nakai, while two taxa of endangered plants were identified; Koelreuteria paniculata and Glehnia littoralis. There were a total of 10 taxa in case of naturalized plants, including Brassica campestris subsp. napus var. nippo-oleifera Makino, Lepidium virginicum L., Chenopodium ficifolium Sm., and Phytolacca americana L., with the naturalization rate being 5.5%. According to the analysis of naturalized degrees of the naturalized plants, there were 7 plants with 5th degree of naturalization while there were one species for each 4th, 3rd, and 2nd degrees, and there were no 1st degree plant. The vegetation in the Gyeokpo-ri area is divided into 13 plant communities. The representative plant colonies include Pinus thunbergii colony, Pinus thumbergii-Quercus variabilis colony, Pinus thunbergii-Quercus acutissima colony, Carpinus turczaninovii Hance-Pinus thunbergii colony, Carpinus turczaninovii Hance colony, and Clerodendrum trichotomum -Euonymus japonicus colony, with Pinus thunbergii colony taking up 53.55% of the total. As the vegetation in Scenic Site Chaeseokgang and Jeokbyeokgang Cliffed Coasts, Buan mainly consist of Pinus thunbergii colony and mixed pinus thunbergii forest, the vegetation landscape does not become different throughout four seasons, and one can feel partial seasonal changes because deciduous trees, such as Quercus species and Carpinus turczaninovii Hance, are spread in parts.

Clinical Survey on Preputial Prolapse in Gir Bulls

A clinical survey was carried out to assess the etiopathology of preputial prolapse in Gir bulls at 41 Gaushalas of the Saurashtra region in Gujarat. A total of 202 Gir bulls under the breeding program were surveyed. The mean age of Gir bulls was recorded as 5.71 years, which ranged from 2.5 to 12 years. Preputial prolapse was diagnosed in all the surveyed Gir bulls. The first degree preputial prolapse was common in all the bulls because of the breed anatomical character. Out of the 202 breeding bulls, 30 (14.85%) bulls had pathological preputial prolapse, which varied between 2nd and 4th degrees. Among the 30 affected bulls, 12 (40 %) bulls had preputial prolapse of 2nd degree, 6 (20 %) bulls had 3rd degree of preputial prolapse and 12 (40 %) bulls had 4th degree of preputial prolapse. Traumatic injury to prepuce, followed by its contamination, was the main etiology for the preputial prolapse and its aggravations in all the animals. All Gir bulls had common anatomical / structural deformities of the preputial sheath.

Оцінка ефективності чисельних методів для обробки результатів вимірювання вдосконаленим ППР-сенсором

In this work there has been investigated the effect of electron beam treatment of the glass substrates surface of sensors based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon with active gold based layer on the accuracy of determining the angular position of the reflection characteristics in case applying numerical methods for processing direct measurement results: approximation by polynomials of the 2nd 3rd and 4th degrees and processing by midline method. Sensors with different specific powers of electron beam treatment of glass substrates were investigated: 0, 27, and 36 W/mm2. The reflection characteristics for the gold-air interface were investigated. According to the results of experiments and numerical analysis, it was found that the effect of electron beam treatment on the change in the absolute error in determining the minimum reflection characteristics substantially depends on the chosen numerical method. Thus, the improved midline method provides a 6-fold decrease in the absolute measurement error compared to the midline method for samples without processing and almost 12 times for samples with processing power of 27 W/mm2. Moreover, for this method, the smallest absolute error is observed for the power of electron beam treatment 36 W/mm2 and is 0,58 arc sec., which indicates the appropriateness of applying new method. Compared to the approximation methods by polynomials and the midline method, the improved midline method has greater accuracy in determining the minimum reflection characteristics because it depends less on not only its symmetry associated with the optical characteristics of the gold-air transition layer, but also on changes in the intensity of reflected light minimum reflection characteristics. According to the results of calculations based on predefined optical constants from the measured reflection characteristics, it was found that, with a higher irradiation power, the symmetry of the reflection characteristic, the propagation distance and the penetration depth of surface plasmons increase, which is associated with a decrease in surface roughness after electron beam treatment and, as a consequence, a decrease in attenuation fields of surface plasmons. Research can be useful in the development of sensors based on surface plasmon resonance phenomenon and methods for processing measurement results

Republication de : Risque périnéal et mesures de protection obstétricale : enquête auprès des professionnels de la naissance

ObjectivesThe main objective was to evaluate the practices declared by birth professionals in the Lorraine region about perineal obstetric protection (any perineal tear combined). The secondary objective was to evaluate prevention measures performed in practice by birth professionals according to the perineal risk subjectively estimated for each obstetric situation. MethodsThis is a practice survey conducted through an anonymous questionnaire distributed to birth professionals (gynecologists, interns, midwife and midwife student) in October 2016. Topics covered concerned maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors associated with perineal (1st to 4th degrees) lesions and the associated protective measures. A descriptive analysis of the data collected was conducted. ResultsOne hundred and five professionals answered the questionnaire. The identified risk factors were consistent with those highlighted in the literature. Other factors, not known as associated with perineal risk, were cited by professionals (smoking, phototype). If the professional perceived a significant perineal risk, they more frequently practiced an episiotomy (15% vs. 0%, P<0.001) or considered that the delivery should be performed by an obstetrician (34% vs 8%, P<0.001). ConclusionThis evaluation shows that birth professionals know the main risk factors for perineal injury. On the other hand, they easily use perineal protection maneuvers (episiotomy for example) without real demonstrated effectiveness.

Risque périnéal et mesures de protection obstétricale : enquête auprès des professionnels de la naissance

ObjectivesThe main objective was to evaluate the practices declared by birth professionals in the Lorraine region about perineal obstetric protection (any perineal tear combined). The secondary objective was to evaluate prevention measures performed in practice by birth professionals according to the perineal risk subjectively estimated for each obstetric situation. MethodsThis is a practice survey conducted through an anonymous questionnaire distributed to birth professionals (gynecologists, interns, midwife and midwife student) in October 2016. Topics covered concerned maternal, obstetric and fetal risk factors associated with perineal (1st to 4th degrees) lesions and the associated protective measures. A descriptive analysis of the data collected was conducted. ResultsOne hundred and five professionals answered the questionnaire. The identified risk factors were consistent with those highlighted in the literature. Other factors, not known as associated with perineal risk, were cited by professionals (smoking, phototype). If the professional perceived a significant perineal risk, they more frequently practiced an episiotomy (15% vs. 0%, P<0.001) or considered that the delivery should be performed by an obstetrician (34% vs 8%, P<0.001). ConclusionThis evaluation shows that birth professionals know the main risk factors for perineal injury. On the other hand, they easily use perineal protection maneuvers (episiotomy for example) without real demonstrated effectiveness.

Dental arch monitoring by splines fitting error during orthodontic treatment using 3D digital models

Backrgound/Aim. Researchers in the field of dentistry have been conducting research into modelling and defining dental arches equitations. Nowadays, when 3D digital modelling is commonly utilized in dentistry, the approach to modelling, analysis and synthesis has changed. Clinical researches are related to aesthetic and functional analysis. The aim of this study was to increase repeatability and accuracy of defining and determining the coordinate system of the jaw as well as to defining mathematical criteria for monitoring and evaluating orthodontic treatment. Methods. In this study, we used the plaster models of the jaw, optical scanner with structured light, 3D digital models, computer aided design (CAD) engineering tools adjusting the coordinate system, spline fitting of 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th degrees. Results. Splines of 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th degrees were fitted from the initial state (K0) in all 10 successive controls (K1, K2, K3,?, K10). All splines were fitted through 12 points, from the right to the left side of the jaw: 6-5-4-3-2-1-1-2-3-4-5-6. Tabular and graphic presentations of the maximum and average deviation of dental arch fitting curves in successive controls were given. Conclusion. The parameters of the maximum and average errors of fitting curves converge the dental arch values that are lower than the accuracy of the used optical scanners. The average error of fitting provides a general picture of the entire dental arch at each stage of treatment. Maximum error fitting points at a specified tooth where the largest deviation. &lt;br&gt;&lt;br&gt;&lt;font color="red"&gt;&lt;b&gt; This article has been corrected. Link to the correction &lt;u&gt;&lt;a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP190515051E"&gt;10.2298/VSP190515051E&lt;/a&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RESULTS OF SURGICAL TREATMENT FOR CHRONIC PARAPROCTITIS, HIGH ANAL FISTULAS DEPENDING ON THE METHOD USED

More than 30% of patients with chronic paraproctitis are found out to present complex forms of this pathology. They are often complicated with the external sphincter incontinence due to the deformation of the anal canal and cicatricial changes in the anal constrictors. The deficiency of the anal sphincter is observed in 4.9-33% of patients, and recurrent operations on the rectum are often accompanied by the development of elements of neurogenic and motor incontinence resulted from the massive sphincter trauma. Objective. To conduct a comparative analysis of the results of surgical treatment for chronic paraproctitis between standard method of surgical treatment and a method we proposed. Objects and methods. 58 patients with extrasphincteric anal fistulas of varying degrees of severity operated on by applying two methods were involved into this study: the group 1 included 32 patients who were operated on by using the Seton method; the second group consisted of 26 patients who were operated on by using the new method with applying “Tachocomb” preparation. Results. Early postoperative complications were noted in 37.5% of patients in the first clinical group, and 15.4% in the second group. In six months of follow-up period, the pressure values in the internal sphincter at rest in the second group exceeded those in the patients operated on by using the standard technique. 6 patients (18.8%) operated by using the standard method the recurrence of fistula was observed in 6 months following the operation; 11 (34.4%) patients demonstrated satisfactory results, and 15 (46.8%) were found to have good functional results. In the second clinical group, 16 patients (61.5%) were found to have good results; 8 people (30.7%) had satisfactory results and only 1 patient (5.9%) had fistula recurrence. The results of treatment were evaluated in 3, 6, 12 and 18 months following the operations, and the minimum terms of patients’ monitoring were more than one year. Conclusions. Thus, the good and satisfactory long-term results of treatment for high rectal fistulas in patients of the second clinical grpup operated on by applying the newly developed method with «Tachocomb» allow us to recommend the method to widely implement into the clinical practice for patients with extra- and trans-sphincteric fistulas of the 3rd - 4th degrees of severity.

Clinical Picture and Microbiological Pattern in 3rd and 4th Degrees of the Pedis Classification of Diabetic Foot Infection

&lt;p&gt;Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one complication of diabetes mellitus that has high morbidity&lt;br /&gt;and mortality. The success of management of DFI is influenced by many factor. This study aimed to recognize clinical picture and microbiological pattern in 3rd and 4th degrees of the PEDIS classification. The design was a prospective cross-sectional study conducted in RSCM at March until May 2005. The clinical pictures in 52 DFI’pateints were included to the PEDIS classification with the wound’s odour and crepitation. Microbiological examination was done culture for microorganisms and the antibiotiks sensitivity test. The female were greate &lt;br /&gt;(55,8%) than male the greatest age group were at 51-60 years old (44,2%). Poorly controlled blood glucose was found in 88%, duration of wound &amp;gt; 2 weeks in 56%, wound without critical-limb ischaemia in 81% with wound size &amp;gt; 25 cm2 in 58%, with bottom of wound had reached tendons in 75%. Most of the patiens undergroune sepsis (65%), diabetic neouropathy (77%), with odour distance of ≥1 m (65%), and crepitation/gas (63%). We found 96 types of microorganism, of which the greatest number was: E.coli 17,7% with highest sensitivity towards cefepime; S.aureus 15,6% towards co-amoxyclav; Bacteroides spp 4,2% towards co-amoxyclav, sultamicillin and metronidazole.&lt;/p&gt;

Patogenetic value of intestine microbiota ecosystem in the escherichiosis enterocolitis development

The taxonomic composition and microbiota population level in the colon cavity content of the 95 patients with diarrheal escherichiosis and 87 healthy individuals were investigated. The acute diarrheal escherichiosis develops against the background of taxonomic composition and bacterial population disorders of autochthonous obligate anaerobic gram-positive microbiota (Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus), with a growing number of bacterial genera Bacteroides, Peptostreptococcus, Clostridium and facultative anaerobic and aerobic bacteria of the genus Escherichia, Proteus, Staphylococcus and fungi genus Candida, contamination and colonization of colon cavity conditionally pathogenic enterobacteria (Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Proteus, etc.) Peptococcus, fungi genus Candida, and the growth and proliferation of Enteropathogenic, Enteroinvasive, Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli and Hemolytic (E. coli Hly +) and lactose-negative E. coli. Dysbacteriosis was diagnosed in 57,89 % patients with acute enterocolitis, dysbiosis available in 42,11 %. Among them, 63,16 % subjects had dysbiosis 3rd and 4th degrees, 36,84 % – dysbiosis 1st and 2nd degrees (c2=13,16; p&lt;0,001). Among healthy individuals Normal flora subjects dominate over those with 1st and 2nd degree dysbiosis (89,66 % vs. 10,34 %, p&lt;0,001).