4D Method Research Articles

PERANCANGAN CERGAM “IBU KAMI SEEKOR KUCING” CERITA RAKYAT JAMBI

The fairy tale of Our Mother is a Cat, none of the children have ever met the storybook in comical form. So that children are very less interested in reading it, because there is only writing and at least pictures so that it becomes less interesting. The comics in this book are intended as the main media to convey the contents of the moral message contained in the comics with an attractive visual appearance. The method used is the 4D method. 4D development model consists of four stages namely: Define, Design, Development and Dissemination. This comic book is assisted by other media such as wall clocks, tumbler, key chain, sticker, poster, flayers, , Instagram, cergam digital.Keywords: Book, Picture Story, Folk Story, Jambi.

The Development of Student Worksheet Based on Guided Inquiry for Transport Membrane Topic to Train Integrated Science Process Skills

This research was aimed to produce a valid, practice, and effective student worksheet based on guided inquiry for transport membrane topic to train integrated science process skill. The development was reffered to 4D (define, design, develop, and disseminate) method without disseminate. The developed student worksheet was implemented to twenty 11th grade students of Senior High School Muhammadiyah 1 Taman. The observed method were validity method, observation of student worksheet implementation, test method, and questionaire method. Data was analyzed with qualitative and quantitative descriptive. The result of this research showed that the developed student worksheet was proved completely valid with validation score 3.87. The student worksheet practicality determined from the student worksheet implementation that gained the average of practicality score 87.67% with very practice category. The developed student worksheet was stated completely effective which determined from the achievement result of science process skill and student positive response. The achievement result of science process skill gained score 80.6% with an N-gain 0.60. Besides, the student positive response had score percentage 96%. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the student worksheet were valid, practice, effective and worthy to be used in the learning proccess.
 Keywords: Student worksheet, guided inquiry, integrated science process skill, transport membrane

The 4D B-spline method of calculating left ventricular functional parameters of cardiac MRI to evaluate myocardial injury of the apical segment in patients with myocarditis: a case-controlled observational study.

Myocarditis does not have typical clinical manifestations and thus is difficult to accurately diagnose by virtue of infection history, and electrocardiogram (EKG) and peripheral blood abnormalities. Endomyocardial biopsy is the gold standard for diagnosis of myocarditis, but is invasive, high risk, and has an observational blind area. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) is multiparameter and multidirectional with high spatial resolution and high contrast of soft tissue. However, the optimal method of calculating left ventricular (LV) function in patients with apical-segment-injured myocarditis is unresolved. We compared and analyzed the differences between two different methods (Simpson and 4D B-spline surface model (known as the 4D method)) of measuring LV function by CMRI in patients with myocarditis in the 17th segment of the left ventricle. The basic clinical data of two groups (myocarditis and non-myocarditis) were statistically analyzed, and differences in the LV function parameters by the two imaging methods were compared in the myocarditis group. Receiver-operating characteristic curves of single parameters and combined parameters based on the Simpson and 4D methods were drawn and the area under the curve, diagnostic threshold, maximum sensitivity interval, and maximum specificity interval were calculated. In the myocarditis and non-myocarditis groups the respective number of patients was 22 and 17, the percentage of males was 54.55% and 47.06%, and the average age was 32.20±11.59 and 43.06±11.62 years. The difference in LV ejection fraction (LVEF) (P=0.033) and LV end systolic volume (LVESV) (P=0.030) in the myocarditis group was statistically significant. The respective AUCs based on the Simpson and 4D methods were LVEF 0.602 vs. 0.778, LVESV 0.556 vs. 0.751, LVEF-and-LVESV 0.634 vs. 0.775. Based on the 4D method, the diagnostic thresholds of LVEF and LVESV were 34.965 (sensitivity 0.882, specificity 0.591) and 69.090 (sensitivity 0.727, specificity 0.706), the maximum sensitivity intervals of LVEF and LVESV were (24.610, 27.450) and (35.355, 37.200), and the maximum specificity intervals of LVEF and LVESV were (60.530, 65.625) and (91.625, 95.835), respectively. Compared with the Simpson method, the 4D method might be more effective for CMRI diagnosis of apical-segment-injured myocarditis. When the Simpson method is used, LVEF combined with LVESV is recommended for comprehensive evaluation to improve diagnostic efficiency. When the 4D method is used, LVEF might be the preferred parameter for evaluation of LV function.

Pengembangan Modul Kerja Bengkel dan Gambar Teknik untuk Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan

Distance learning carried out during the COVID 19 pandemic requires learning materials that students can use independently. One of the learning sources that can be used independently is the learning module. This study proposes the development of a workshop work subject module and technical drawings for class X Audio Video Engineering students at the State Vocational High School (SMKN) 1 Koto XI Tarusan. Module development is carried out using the 4D method (define, design, develop, and disseminate). Using the 4D development method can make students better understand and know how to use workshop work learning modules and technical drawings. To see the feasibility of the module, a validity test was carried out by an expert and a practicality test by the user. The test results gave the validity value carried out by the validator of 0.89 in the valid category, while the practicality test carried out by the teacher of workshop work subjects and technical drawings gave a value of 87.14% with the practical category. The results of this study indicate that the learning modules made for workshop work subjects and technical drawings are suitable for use as learning resources.

Spatio-temporal deep learning methods for motion estimation using 4D OCT image data

PurposeLocalizing structures and estimating the motion of a specific target region are common problems for navigation during surgical interventions. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an imaging modality with a high spatial and temporal resolution that has been used for intraoperative imaging and also for motion estimation, for example, in the context of ophthalmic surgery or cochleostomy. Recently, motion estimation between a template and a moving OCT image has been studied with deep learning methods to overcome the shortcomings of conventional, feature-based methods.MethodsWe investigate whether using a temporal stream of OCT image volumes can improve deep learning-based motion estimation performance. For this purpose, we design and evaluate several 3D and 4D deep learning methods and we propose a new deep learning approach. Also, we propose a temporal regularization strategy at the model output.ResultsUsing a tissue dataset without additional markers, our deep learning methods using 4D data outperform previous approaches. The best performing 4D architecture achieves an correlation coefficient (aCC) of 98.58% compared to 85.0% of a previous 3D deep learning method. Also, our temporal regularization strategy at the output further improves 4D model performance to an aCC of 99.06%. In particular, our 4D method works well for larger motion and is robust toward image rotations and motion distortions.ConclusionsWe propose 4D spatio-temporal deep learning for OCT-based motion estimation. On a tissue dataset, we find that using 4D information for the model input improves performance while maintaining reasonable inference times. Our regularization strategy demonstrates that additional temporal information is also beneficial at the model output.

EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF E-MODULE BASED ON SCIENCE LITERATION AS A SOURCE IN LEARNING ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION MATERIAL

E-module based on scientific literacy of electromagnetic radiation material has been validated by experts, but this e-module has not been applied to students in learning in schools. This research aimed to determine the empirical validity of e-modules based on scientific literacy as a source of learning material for electromagnetic radiation. The research method used is the 4D method, namely: defining, design, development and dissemination. This research focuses on the development stage, that limited testing. The research data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. Respondents from this research were class X students and teachers of Riau Province Integrated Agriculture Vocational School, totaling 23 students and 2 teachers. The research data were obtained using an empirical validity questionnaire instrument. The results of the analysis of the empirical validity test data of e-module based on scientific literacy which include design aspects, content aspects, pedagogical aspects, and technical aspects obtained an average score of 4.34 with a high validity category. So, it can be concluded that e-module based on scientific literacy as a source of learning material for electromagnetic radiation, is declared valid and can be used in learning for students in senior high schools or agriculture vocational high school.

ANALYSIS OF YOUNG MODULUS AND POISSON RATIO USING I-KAZ 4D ANALYSIS METHOD THROUGH PIEZOFILM SENSOR

An alternative advanced statistical analysis method known as the I-kaz 4D or I-kaz 4 channels which using the sensor fusion concept by using four sensors to collect the vibration signals that excited by the impact hammer was introduced in this study. Mechanical properties of the material like Young Modulus and Poisson Ratio were obtained. The study carried for 2 types of metals i.e. copper and stainless steel. The specimens were in shape of circular, rectangular and square, where more material mechanical properties were obtained due to the variety of specimen shapes. The impact hammer used for the impact force with the range of different forces. The four piezofilm sensors have been placed on specimen surface to observe and record the vibration signal after the impact. The dynamic response technique also was used in this study and the obtained results been compared with the results obtained by I-kaz 4D method. Finally, correlation between I-kaz 4D coefficient and regression value being done to verify the result and justify the findings. The error for Young Modulus was 2.962% while Poisson Ratio was 1.000%. The study adhered to ASTM E1876 standard.

VALIDITAS BAHAN AJAR MICROSOFT POWER POINT – GOOGLE FORM (MC.POINT-GG.FORM) UNTUK PEMBELAJARAN IPA DI SMP NEGERI 1 DRINGU

This research purpose was to produce Microsoft Power Point teaching materials - Google Form (MC.Point-gg.Form) for valid science learning, this teaching material is one of using handphone for the learning process. This teaching material contains static electricity material. This study uses the 4D method (1) define, 2) design, 3) develop and 4) disseminate. This research was applied on one class, IXF which consisted of 32 students. In the teaching material consists of tutorials using MC.Point-gg.Form, learning objectives, material, assessment of pre-test and post-test learning outcomes. The results of the study is in the form of data validation scores for Microsoft Power Point Teaching Materials - Google Form (MC.Point-gg.Form). Evaluation of the validity of teaching materials by experts obtain the following percentage ratings: (1) validation of the material 87,26% with a very valid category, (2) 88,33% programming validation with a very valid category, (3) display validation 90,03% with a very valid category. (4) validation of user responses (teachers) 82% with a very valid category so that Microsoft Power Point and Google Form teaching materials (Mc. Point-gg.form) can be used.

Development of TPACK based-physics learning media to improve HOTS and scientific attitude

21st-century physics learning challenges teachers to teach physics that not only memorizes formulas, but is able to improve scientific attitudes and higher order thinking skills (HOTS). Technological, pedagogical, and content knowledge (TPACK) concept is considered capable of presenting this goal with technology integration. Researchers developed TPACK-based learning media that can improve HOTS and scientific attitudes using spreadsheet macros. This study uses the Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate (4D) method. Media products have been proven to be able to develop HOTS and scientific attitude as seen from the value of N-gain in the medium category with score of 4 for HOTS and 6 for scientific attitude.

Invertebrate-Interactive Dichotomous Key Media: Enhance Students Learning Motivation in Lower Secondary School

The purpose of this research is to develop interactive learning media about classification of organisms. This research used modification of 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate from Thiagarajan et al., 1974). Invertebrate Interactive Dichotomous Key (Invertebrate-IDKM) is given in the learning at lower secondary school. Percentage of the expert validation is 80%. According to the validation result, we conclude that Invertebrate-IDKM is valid in the media, materials, languages, and eligible in the learning about the classification of organisms especially classification of invertebrate animals. Invertebrate-IDKM increases learning motivation especially lower secondary school students because it encourages interaction and use technology.

Dosimetric study of three-dimensional static and dynamic SBRT radiotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma based on 4DCT image deformable registration.

The purpose of this work was to determine the actual dose received by normal tissues during four‐dimensional radiation therapy (4DRT) composed of ten phases of four‐dimensional computer tomography (4DCT) images. The analysis was performed by tracking the hepatocellular carcinoma SBRT. Data were acquired from the tracking of each phase with the beam aperture for 28 hepatocellular carcinoma patients, and the data were used to generate a cumulative plan, which was compared to a three‐dimensional (3D) plan formed from a merged target volume based on 4DCT images in a radiation treatment planning system (TPS). The change in normal tissue dose was evaluated in the plan using the parameters V5, V10, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, and V40 (volumes receiving 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 Gy, respectively) in the dose‐volume histogram for the liver; the mean dose was analyzed for the following tissues: liver, left kidney, and right kidney. The maximum dose was analyzed for the following tissues: bowel, duodenum, esophagus, stomach, and heart. There was a significant difference in the dose between the 4D planning target volume (PTV) (average 115.71 cm3) and ITV (169.86 cm3). The planning objective was for 95% of the volume of the PTV to be covered by the prescription dose, but the mean dose for the liver, left kidney and right kidney had an average decrease of 23.13%, 49.51%, and 54.38%, respectively. The maximum dose for the bowel, duodenum, esophagus, stomach, and heart had an average decrease of 16.77%, 28.07%, 24.28%, 4.89%, and 4.45%, respectively. Compared to 3D RT, the radiation volume for the liver V5, V10, V15, V20, V25, V30, V35, and V40 using the 4D plans had a significant decrease (P ﹤ 0.05). The 4D method creates plans that permit sparing of the normal tissues more than the commonly used ITV method, which delivers the same dosimetric effects to the target.

Developing Concept Construction Based Abstract Algebra Textbook to Improve Students’ Understanding

The purpose of this study is to develop and produce a concept construction based abstract algebra textbook to improve students’ understanding. The development method used in this study was 3D method, they are define, design and develop. It refered to Tiagrajan’s 4D method. Based on the data analysis results, the level of textbook’s validity produced was achieving valid criteria without revision, but the results of students’ learning tests showed 92,7% students reached the criteria of understanding objects so the textbook could be said effective. Therefore, based on the results, it could be concluded that the textbook could improve students’ understanding and it was suitable to be used as abstract algebra’s learning book in the learning process.

Mathematical Simulation of a Twisted Inlet Jet at Variable Mode with Using Various Turbulence Models

The article is devoted to the solution of actual task – the efficiency increasing of the air distribution using twisted and wall air jets to provide normative air parameters in premises . The purpose of the paper is to determin e the characteristics of air flow that is formed by twisted and flat wall jet s at alternating air flow and to obtain analytic equations for determining of needed dynamic parameters of the air jets, and also to design the mathematical model of incoming air flow at the alternating air flow . The mathematical model of air supply with twisted and wall air jets is improved. It is shown that for reaching the maximal efficiency of air distribution it is necessary to supply air by jets that intensively decay before entering into a working zone . Simulation of air flow was carried out using the computational fluid dynamic software Ansys FLUENT. Simulation of the flow are carried out by one-parameter Spalart-Allmaras turbulence model and two-parameter k –e turbulence model. Good coincidence between the results of simulation using both tur b ulence models is obtained. The graphical and the analytical dependences on the basis of the conducted experimental research, which can be used in subsequent engineering calculations, are shown. Dynamic parameters of air flow that is formed by t he twisted and wall air jets at alternating air flow has been determined. New 4D method of researches is proposed for researching of jets with alternating parameters of the air. Results of experimental investigations of air supply into the room by air distribution device which creates twisted air jets for obtaining more intensive turbulization of air flow in the room are presented. Obtained results of these investigations give possibility to realize engineer ing calculations of air distribution with twisted and wall air jets.

The Feasibility of Interactive Multimedia Validation Data Results on Folk Poetry Texts Learning in MTS Nurul Amaliyah Tanjung Morawa

This study is aimed to know the feasibility of interactive multimedia validation data results on folk poetry texts learning. The development of interactive multimedia is focused on folk poetry text material. The students are expected to learn independently through interactive multimedia that has been adjusted by the developer. The research and development population is VII grade students of MTS Nurul Amaliyah Tanjung Morawa. The research was using the 4D method, which involves four stages of research: define, design, development, and disseminate. The product of this research results in the form of interactive multimedia development of folk poetry texts is Adobe Flash CS5 media. The results shows that the feasibility of the media and material scored an average of 88.8 % with the criteria of "good" and 86.4% with the criteria of "good" in the development of interactive multimedia on folk poetry text learning.

The Effectiveness of Learning Media Developed With the Kahoot Application on the Subject of Management Information System

From the lecture conditions of management information systems, it was found that the learning media used were less attractive and less interactive. Learning is centered on the teacher through a blackboard or presentation. Students become less motivated and tend to be bored in class. The development of learning media is carried out by the 4D method, namely Define, Design, Develop and Disseminate. Kahoot is a game-based interactive learning platform that can be used as educational technology in schools. Kahoot is an appropriate platform for developing learning media for management information systems courses. After developing learning media using kahoot, researchers found that learning activities in the classroom became more interesting and interactive and motivated students to learn. To determine the effectiveness of the use of instructional media, effectiveness tests are carried out. Based on the pre-test, it was found that 28 students obtained an average score of 64.29. Then after the learning media implementation test was carried out, a post-test assessment was conducted and an average score of 79.82 was obtained. There is an increase in scores after using learning media. So, it can be concluded that the learning media developed is effective in improving learning out-comes.

The development of PDEODE*E task based three stay two stray on static fluid

Misconception occur due to several factors, including students, teachers, content of book or teaching materials, and learning models and strategies used. Learning models and strategies greatly affect to the ability of student’s understanding of the concept. Low conceptual understanding can easy make the students being misconception. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to developing PDEODE*E task based one of cooperative learning model type on static fluid material. This research used 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) and this research restricted on static fluid conceptual. Participant in this research are 25 XI grade students on science program. This research used effect size to analyze the impact of PDEODE*E task based three stay two stray to reduce the students’ misconception. Results shown that the value of effect size is 1.09 with “large effect” interpretation. It’s mean that PDEODE*E task based three stay two stray is effective to use on learning activity in the classroom to reduce student’s misconception on static fluid.

Specific Open-Ended Assessment: Assessing Students' Critical Thinking Skill on Kinetic Theory of Gases

The test of critical thinking skills in specific topics in physics is still rarely. This study aimed to develop a specific test in critical thinking skills in the kinetic theory of gases (CTKTG) and also to assess the students' critical thinking skills. This study used the 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The CTKTG test was initially tested in four sample groups: interviews with an expert review (N = 3), professional physics teachers (N = 2), and graduate school students (N = 2), students from secondary schools (N = 29). The test was modified based on the revised results in the initial test. After that, the test was given to a group of students in class XI, who were science students (N = 55). The results showed that internal consistency from the CTKTG test was α = .89 (good). The implementation strategies and tactics are the most difficult aspect of critical thinking skill with a mean of 1.37 (very low) and basic classification is easiest with a mean of 2.84 (average). So, the findings showed that the CTKTG test can be used to measure students' critical thinking skills on the topic of the kinetic theory of gases.

P07.10: Are the results of vascularisation index obtained with 3D power Doppler and 4D power Doppler technology comparable?

The aim of the study was to answer the question whether results of vascularisation indices (VI) are comparable when using 3D power Doppler and 4D power Doppler ultrasound techniques in an ovary as in vivo model. 78 ovaries were evaluated in the first part of the menstrual cycle using power Doppler (PD) techniques. Two records were made for every ovary: 3D PD and 4D PD record. Next, for every ovary the VI were calculated using 3D record and then, the same vascularisation index was calculated as a mean value of two values: VI max and VI min obtained with 4D STIC technology. The results obtained in both techniques were similar with a mean value of VI equal to 14.507, standard deviation 4,569 and a median value of VI equal to 14,797 for 3D VI, and accordingly mean VI equal to 14,678, standard deviation eqial to 4,705 and median VI PD equal to 14,293 for VI = (Vmax+Vmin)/2 obtained with 4D method. The values of VI obtained using the 4D method as the average value during one heart cycle are statistically comparable to values obtained by the 3D method. There are no statistically significant differences between VI PD values obtained with 4D PD option and 3D PD option, however 4D method should be considered as a better option as it is less dependent on acquisition time. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.

Developing Physics Learning Multimedia to Improve Graphic and Verbal Representation of High School Students

The purpose of this research are; (1) to develop the appropriate physics learning tool used to assist the learning process of learners, and (2) to know the ability of graphical and verbal representation of the learners. This development study refers to the 4D method, which includes: (1) defining, (2) development, (3) planning, and (4) deployment of devices. Learning tools developed include Teaching and learning plan (RPP), test of graphical and verbal representation and multimedia learning. This development product is validated by expert lecturers, physics teachers, and peer reviewer. The subject of empiric test consisted of 100 students. The limited test subjected consisted of 21 students. Field test subjects in the experimental class were as many as 32 students and the control class as many as 31 students. Data collection used interview guides, learning device assessment sheets and learning result test. Data analysis technique using MANOVA with 5% significance rate.

Metacognitive and Conceptual Understanding of Pteridophytes: Development and Validity Testing of an integrated Assessment Tool

The use of question instrument in determining achievement of students’ study goal can be referred from the score achieved by the students in solving contextual questions with solution or solving strategy in high level of thinking. The research aims to get integrated assessment tools of conceptual understanding of Pteridophyta and metacognitive skill that is validated and can be used in learning activity. The research is conducted in July 2018 – November 2019 at Universitas Negeri Jakarta , course of Botany Cryptogam ae , sub-course Pteridophyte s . This is a Research and Development study using 4D method (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). However, the research will be conducted up to the develop phase only. The result shows that integrated assessment tool on concept ual understanding of Pteridophyte s and students’ metacognitive skill is proper to be used, with expert validation result shows 78.13 on criteria for concept understanding, and 79.17 for students’ metacognitive skill. Result of instrument validation shows more than 0.396, means it is valid, and reliability more than 0.6.