3D Building Information Modeling Research Articles

PERBANDINGAN ESTIMASI BIAYA STRUKTUR BANGUNAN ANTARA SOFTWARE AUTODESK REVIT DENGAN CUBICOST

Building Information Modeling (BIM) software commonly used in Indonesia to calculate cost estimates includes Autodesk Revit and Cubicost. Previous studies have shown significant differences comparing the estimated cost of structural work in Autodesk Revit with conventional methods. Further study is needed to compare Autodesk Revit with Cubicost in the same project, with the purpose of knowing the difference in the estimated cost of structural work. The object of this study was the Urban Homes Residential Apartment construction project by reviewing the upper structure. The chosen research strategy was in accordance with the case study objectives. The process begins with the preparating of the WBS (Work Breakdown Structure), designing the BIM 3D, calculating the estimated structural work cost resulting from quantity takeoff using work unit price analysis, and analyzing the estimated cost comparison between Cubicost and Revit BIM software. Based on the analysis results, the estimated cost of building structures using Cubicost is Rp 80,485,995,692, - and has differences of ±13.1% compared to using Revit.

BIM based framework for building evacuation using Bluetooth Low Energy and crowd simulation

Crowd evacuation is an area that has been studied by numerous researchers over the last years. Many models have been developed to simulate the evacuation. However, most of the developed models involved emergency routing of building occupants using hypothetical assumptions of their positions without integrating their actual locations into the models. Thus, in order to increase efficiency and accuracy of evacuation models, evacuees' real locations can be identified and then integrated into the model. In this research, Building Information Modelling (BIM), agent based simulation and Bluetooth Low Energy technology are integrated together to create an evacuation framework capable of indicating locations of building occupants and identifying the optimum evacuation path based on these locations. Point cloud data of a building is collected from 3D laser scanner, then converted to 3D BIM model, which is then imported into an agent based crowd simulation software. Also, an indoor positioning module is developed, which is composed of an indoor positioning system (IPS) developed by the authors. Through the IPS, evacuees’ locations are calculated, whereas Bluetooth emitters –beacons- held by evacuees emit signals that are detected by group of gateways mounted in the building detect. The locations are then sent to the crowd simulation software, then through integrating the modules, optimum evacuation route is identified, which is then converted to directions through a dynamic signage module. A case study is presented to illustrate the proposed framework. The results of the case study show that the developed indoor positioning system has an accuracy of 1.88 m with a maximum error range of 3.934 m. Moreover, the results indicate that the implemented indoor positioning system is capable of correctly detecting the evacuees in the rooms they are actually in with an accuracy of 93%. Finally, the simulation shows that the full evacuation of the floor under study took 2 min and 48 s.

Data fusion approach for a digital construction logistics twin

Construction site logistics deals with the transport and storage of materials as part of the execution of a construction project. An important part of construction logistics is informing those who are involved in the project about the current status of the ordered materials. On the one hand, the missing overview of the material inventory on the construction site and incoming deliveries makes efficient daily work planning on the construction site more difficult. On the other hand, unnecessary search and travel times reduce the productive working hours of employees on the construction site. In order to provide a better overview, the information from existing data sources must be linked and visualized in an easily understandable way for all project participants. Therefore, a digital construction logistics twin is proposed in this paper. Here, the challenge lies in the creation of the digital twin. The aim of this paper is to reduce the manual entry and planning effort needed. Therefore, an approach is proposed, which uses the Building Information Model (BIM), information from the technical specifications and bill of quantities as well as catalogue data from the building materials trade. The Building Information Model comprises the three-dimensional building model, information about the building components, the construction schedule (4D BIM) and the planned storage spaces on the constructions site. The catalogue data adds relevant logistic attributes and could also enables guidelines to be checked, e.g., as part of a sustainability certification (e.g., LEED). If the suppliers’ telemetry data were integrated, end-to-end material tracking would even be possible, similar to “track-and-trace” services from parcel service providers for end customers. The provision of all this data via a Building Information Model server as a “single source of truth” increases the transparency of the construction and logistics processes for everyone involved in the project. Also, this information would, for example, favor the use of autonomous means of transport, which reduces the need for manpower for transport on the construction site.

BIM-enabled Kanban system in construction logistics for real-time demand reporting and pull replenishment

PurposeThe unstable labor productivity and periodic planning method cause barriers to improving construction logistics management. This paper aims to explore a demand-driven mechanism for efficient construction logistics planning to record the material consumption, report the real-time demand and trigger material replenishment from off-site to on-site, which is aided by Building Information Modeling (BIM) and the Kanban technique.Design/methodology/approachThis paper follows the design science research (DSR) principles to propose a system of designing and applying Kanban batch with 4D BIM for construction logistics planning and monitoring. Prototype development with comparative simulation experiments of a river remediation project is conducted to analyze the conventional and Kanban-triggered supply. Two-staged industrial interviews are conducted to guide and evaluate the system design.FindingsThe proposed BIM-enabled Kanban system enables construction managers and suppliers to better set integrated on- and off-site targets, report real-time demands and conduct collaborative planning and monitoring. The simulation results present significant site storage and schedule savings applying the BIM-enabled Kanban system. Feedback and constructive suggestions from practitioners are collected via interviews and analyzed for further development.Originality/valueThis paper brings to the limelight the benefits of implementing BIM-enabled demand-driven replenishment to remove waste from the material flow. This paper combines lean production theory with advanced information technology to solve construction logistics management problems.

Hazard ontology and 4D benchmark model for facilitation of automated construction safety requirement analysis

AbstractOver the last two decades, numerous approaches have been developed for automating construction safety assessment, that is, prevention through design and planning (PtD/P), that overcome the limitations of a purely manual safety assessment process. Despite this, such automated approaches are yet to be widely adopted in practice. Barriers include a lack of standardization of construction safety concepts within regulatory frameworks and a lack of confidence in automated approaches on the part of practitioners. This work presents a freely available 4D BIM‐based benchmark model (3D Building Information Model and 68 schedules) and construction safety ontology covering the two most frequent and severe construction site accidents: falls from height and struck‐by falling object hazards. The benchmark model and ontology enable the construction safety community to test and compare the performance of alternative automated approaches. Moreover, they are utilized in our PtD/P tool SafeConAI, and empirical evaluation results show how the safety situation changes among different construction schedules of the same project.

Automatic BIM detailing using deep features of 3D views

Building information modeling (BIM) detailing, the process of adding the level of graphical and non-graphical details, is required in many BIM stages and applications; however, manual BIM detailing is a resource-intensive and costly process. This study proposes an automatic BIM detailing method based on deep features (DFs) of BIM 3D views in three steps. First, a BIM's 3D view and semantics were extracted automatically. Then, machine learning (ML) algorithms learned the DFs to predict the target BIM's invisible details. Finally, the details were automatically added to BIM by a Dynamo program. A case study of motion-bearing component detailing for 86 doors through three DFs and five ML algorithms revealed that DFs improved the automatic detailing results comprehensively (29 out of 32 scenarios) and significantly. This paper's contribution includes an effective, novel approach for automatic BIM detailing as well as quantified experimental evidence about the effectiveness of DFs for BIM applications.

Enhancement of the Energy Performance of an Existing Building Using a Parametric Approach

According to the European Union, buildings account for 40% of overall energy use and 36% of CO2 emissions, with existing energy-inefficient buildings the main source of losses. Efforts to enhance the thermal comfortability of users in buildings can result in overheating if not appropriately designed, which in turn could lead to health issues as well as continual emission of greenhouse gases. To provide further insights into this dilemma and contribute to improving energy-efficient building designs, we undertake a new modeling technique encompassing a complete analysis of the existing building 3D model as well as solar radiation behavior on buildings. The technique involves 3D building information modeling (3D BIM) that is reconstructed using computer-aided design (CAD). Ladybug and Honeybee plugins for Grasshopper for Rhino are then used to evaluate environmental and building performance using the energy plus weather (EPW) file of Wuhan city, China, as a case study. An assessment of ‘with’ and ‘without’ built architectural surroundings contexts is also carried out in relation to summer and winter solstices. An overall change of approximately 29.56% is observed between ‘with’ and ‘without’ surrounding contexts, which suggests that both have a significant influence on the solar potential of individual buildings. Investigation of internal and external thermal energy consumption behaviors in relation to building comfort lead us to suggest an optimized smart solution which is validated using our case study site in Wuhan. Our findings suggest that the building energy lifespan can be increased while reducing environmental consequences if an estimated 50% of monthly energy savings are made. The findings of this study provide useful insights for decision-makers, engineers, and designers of energy-efficient buildings.

Method for automating the processes of generating and using 4D BIM models integrated with location-based planning and Last Planner® System

PurposeSeveral studies have addressed the use of four-dimensional (4D) building information modeling (BIM) for construction management. However, the automation of the processes for generating 4D models and their integrated use with Location-Based Planning and the Last Planner® System is not well discussed. Therefore, this paper aims to develop a method for automating the generation and use of 4D BIM models integrated with Location-Based Planning and Last Planner® System supporting project control cycles.Design/methodology/approachThe research strategy adopted was Design Science Research. The automated method for using the 4D models was developed and refined in two residential building projects in Brazil, along with 31 meetings and involving 11 direct users. The assessment of the proposed method focuses on four constructs: the impact of process automation, the impact on the identification and assessment of site progress and the planning process, ease of adoption and utility of the proposed method.FindingsThe results of this paper indicated increased adherence between planned and executed through an automated method for using the 4D models. The established routines enabled automating the link between the planning levels and the three-dimensional (3D) model, providing a more agile and updated data source and achieving 92.8% of user satisfaction regarding the deadline and frequency of delivery of the 4D model reports. Moreover, this study identified the relationships between the processes of the method proposed and Digital Models.Originality/valueThe primary scientific value achieved in this study is creating a method for automating processes and simplifying steps for the generation and use of 4D BIM models in the production planning and control cycles during the construction phase.

The Integration of Virtual Design and Construction (VDC) With the Fourth Dimension of Building Information Modeling (4D BIM)

The aim of the research is to shed light on the relationship between the concepts of Virtual design and construction (VDC) and building information modeling (BIM), and in particular to identify and evaluate the potential benefits of using a methodology based on the integration of the fourth dimension of (4D BIM) with virtual design and construction (VDC) and its impact on the preparation of the schedule and project planning and construction simulation. The research reviews a case study of Pharmacists Syndicate building - Tartous branch, the building model (3D BIM) was created in Autodesk Revit 2020 ®, then the model clash was detected, reviewed and resolved, and the quantities were calculated on the Autodesk Navisworks Manage 2020 ® program, and the time periods for each activity were estimated according to the quantities, workshop performance rates and teams. Finally, time schedule was created in Bentley Synchro PRO 2020® software, the elements of the schedule was linked to the (3D BIM) model and the resources needed to implement each activity, then the construction simulation of the model was performed. The results showed the importance of (4D BIM) and the use of software in accurate modeling of all building elements and solving design problems before construction, which in turn has a significant impact on reducing time and cost of the project implementation. Model-based calculation of quantities helps to accurately estimate resources and times for activities. The importance of scheduling within a virtual environment based on the (3D BIM) model lies in the ability to digitally plan all aspects of a construction project, create and discuss different work sequences, in addition to managing cost, schedule, earned value, risk management, site integrity, logistical planning and mega-project management before and during implementation. However, we cannot only rely on software and technologies, but there must be an integrated methodology that organizes construction operations, and here comes the role of (VDC) Virtual design and construction as an innovative implementation strategy that adopts (BIM) building information modeling. As the success of any project depends greatly on the efficiency of the management and organization of its operations to achieve its desired goals.

Analysis of Building Information Modeling (BIM) 4D-5DMethod to Minimize the Occurrence of Variation Orders in Design and Build Contract Models

Reducing VO in the Design and Build contract model requires increased coordination, communication, and change management between the design team, project implementers, and service providers. This study aims to analyze the effect of BIM 4D and BIM 5D on the Order of Variations in the Design and Building contract model, as well as theeffect of their combinations. This study examines the effectiveness of applying the 4D and 5D BIM methods to mitigate work changes in projects. Data was collected through questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS for Windows. The results showed that the BIM 4D variable had a significant effect on the use of Variation Order to reduce post-construction changes. The X1 BIM 4D coefficient (β1) is 0.937 indicating that an increase in X1 BIM 4D by 1 increases the Y1 Variation Order by 0.937. Regression analysis showed a tcount of 4.343 which is significant at the 0.05 level (p<0.05). The 5D BIM variable has a significant effect on Variation Order in reducing post-construction-growth changes. The coefficient value of β2 X2 BIM 5D is 0.120 and is positive, which means that every 1-time increase in X2 BIM 5D will increase Y1 Financial Performance by 0.120. The results of the regression analysis showed a tcount value of 3.764 and a significance of 0.041. The results of data processing show anF-count value of 83.893 and a significance of 0.000. H0 and Ha are accepted. BIM 4D and BIM 5D have a significant effect on Variation Order as a tool for minimizing post-construction growth changes. The application of 4D and 5D BIM technologies helps mitigate construction project risksthrough simulating project steps, training project teams, visualizing changes/requests using BIM, and storing material specification information in BIM models. BIM technology reduces risks and increases the effectiveness of construction projects

Aspects of evaluation of the economic efficiency of using information modeling technology in the organization of construction production

Goal: development of an innovative method for the development of economically substantiated organizational and technological solutions that allow providing an optimal solution regarding the timing and cost of construction production, the method of its use, the economic substantiation for the use of this method in the development and implementation of construction organization plan (COP) for industrial facilities. Research objectives: study of the role and place of the construction organization project in the investment and construction process, the regulatory framework for the organization of construction production. One of the main research instruments is Building Information Modeling (BIM). The concept of BIM technology and controls are considered in relation to construction safety. Methods: systems approach, statistical and comparative analysis, international and domestic developments in the field of organization of construction production, economic and visual modeling, Building Information Modeling. Results: the tests of buildings and structures were analyzed in order to study the elements of quality systems of BIM technologies in planning, safety management of construction production. Conclusions: construction research shows that 4D Building Information Modeling (BIM) can improve planning, control and safety management at a construction site.

Optimal path finding in 3D environment: Application for the exhibition space through 3D visualization and BIM

The application of 3D visualization technology in building construction has also increased. The study used Revit software to construct a 3D building information model (BIM) for the exhibition space of Chuzhou Higher Education City Development Collaborative Innovation Center to achieve a 3D visualization display; based on the 3D visualization, a particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm was used to find the optimal path for the exhibition space, so as to achieve the layout design of the exhibition space. The PSO algorithm was optimized in terms of inertia weight, acceleration coefficient, and initial population to obtain the improved PSO (IPSO) algorithm. The experimental results showed that the optimal path found by the IPSO algorithm was 78.56 meters in distance, 98.2 seconds in time consumption, and 50.11% in smoothness, which were better than the other two algorithms. Meanwhile, the IPSO algorithm had a lower value of particle fitness function, indicating that the IPSO algorithm had the highest performance and the strongest path finding ability among the three algorithms. It is confirmed that it is feasible to use the IPSO algorithm for optimal visit path finding in 3D environment. It is effective to visualize the exhibition space in 3D by constructing a BIM.

Una revisión sobre Lean Construction para la Gestión de Proyectos de Construcción

La industria de la construcción es una parte importante del sector económico de un país, por lo que es importante verificar los nuevos sistemas de gestión que se implementan en las principales industrias de la construcción del mundo. Este artículo hace una revisión bibliográfica de la filosofía Lean Construction (LC), introducida por el profesor Lauri Koskela en 1992, a partir del modelo utilizado por la industria del automóvil en los años 80, denominado “Lean Production”. Las bases teóricas de LC pretenden ver la producción en construcción como un proceso de transformación, flujo y generador de valor, en consecuencia, el objetivo de Lean Construction es crear buenos sistemas de producción que permitan optimizar, reducir o eliminar flujos para mejorar los tiempos de entrega. En el marco de la creación de herramientas Lean para mejorar la gestión de proyectos de construcción, surge el Last Planner System para mejorar el proceso de programación de obra y el modelo Integrated Project Delivery (IPD), que al unificarlo con LC se convierte en Lean Project Delivery System (LPDS), que propone la metodología para desarrollar proyectos de construcción en cinco fases y 12 etapas “Lean”, en las que se desarrollan herramientas que contribuyan a la generación de valor. Finalmente, la tecnología de modelado 3D Building Information Modeling (BIM), aunque no es parte de LC, es una importante herramienta de ayuda para el modelo LPDS, ayudando a comprender mejor los procesos de construcción de diseños complejos para ahorrar tiempo en su construcción. Bajo este paradigma, el surgimiento de nuevas herramientas nos da una mejor visión del futuro de la Lean Construction.

Building Information Modeling (BIM) Process and Assessment methods

The construction sector has seen the potential of Building Information Modeling (BIM) to assist a transformation in the design and construction processes. The use of BIM throughout a building project for quality control and effective information use has received very little investigation, even though it can improve design quality by reducing dispute and rework. The promise of BIM application in quality management rests in its capacity to offer multi-dimensional data including design data and time sequence due to the compatibility of design data with quality and construction process with quality control. An evolutionary method of transforming the entire building process is the 5D BIM approach. This paper introduces BIM as a strong instrument for "model analysis, detection of clashes, simulation and evaluation." In addition, BIM offers a digital machine-readable representation of building data and various other processes to enhance design, development, operating processes and boost life-cycle building functions.

Application of 3D Laser Scanning Technology Using Laser Radar System to Error Analysis in the Curtain Wall Construction

With the fast growth and rapid development of the construction industry, building design is not satisfied with only safety, accessibility, and habitability. People are requiring more multifunctional layouts and beautifully designed buildings. Thus, special and unique-shaped buildings with various curved curtain walls have emerged more than ever in recent years. As for these curtain walls, it is difficult to perform the size measurement for panel design and calibration, as well as the on-site material cutting and assembly accurately and efficiently. The occurrence and continuous progress of 3D laser scanning technology combined with building information modeling (BIM) technology have been paid attention to and applied for curtain wall engineering to overcome this problem, particularly the construction-related progress, such as developed design and on-site installation. The 3D laser scanning technology can achieve fast and high-precision measurement by creating a “point cloud” dataset of the target building and its components, based on which an accurate as-built 3D BIM model of the scanned items can be established. By comparing and calibrating with the as-planned curtain wall design, engineers can update the real-time information (locations, shape, dimensions, etc.) for the following developed design and assembly production of the curtain wall. Compared to the conventional approach using manual locating and measurement, the progress of the curtain wall design and installation can be achieved in a more accurate and efficient manner by employing 3D laser scanning technology. Based on these considerations, in this present study, the basic concept, workflow, a case study with practical strategies of the application of 3D laser scanning technology in the curtain wall design and installation field, including the scanning operation, point cloud data acquisition and processing, 3D BIM model reconstruction, and relevant BIM model practice have been elaborated and discussed. Also, the 3D model that represents the actual construction condition established based on the point cloud data was used to compare with the originally designed BIM model. It was found discrepancies existed in the dimensions and positions between the as-built and as-designed BIM models, which can thus be used to revise the manufacture design and improve the installation plan of curtain walls. Furthermore, the difference, benefits, great significance of replacing conventional methods with 3D laser scanning technology, and instructions, limitations, recommendations for practical application, along with challenges and future directions open to research in the curtain wall construction field, were also presented in this work. Therefore, this work provides technical support to the application of 3D laser scanning technology and its combination with the BIM platform in the curtain wall construction.

Automated 4D BIM development: the resource specification and optimization approach

PurposeThis research aims to develop an automated and optimization algorithms (OAs)-integrated 4D building information modeling (BIM) approach and a prototype and enable construction managers and practitioners to estimate the time of compound elements in building projects using the resource specification technique.Design/methodology/approachA 4D BIM estimation process was first developed by applying the resource specification and geometric information from the BIM model. A suite of OA including particle swarm optimization, ant colony, differential evolution and genetic algorithm were developed and compared in order to facilitate and automate the estimation process. The developed processes and porotypes were linked and integrated.FindingsThe OA-based automated 4D BIM estimation prototype was developed and validated through a real-life construction project. Different OAs were applied and compared, and the genetic algorithm was found as the best performing one. The prototype was successfully linked with BIM timeliner application. By using this approach, the start and finish dates of all object-based activities are developed, and the project completion time is automatically estimated.Originality/valueUnlike conventional construction estimation methods which need various tools and are error prone and time-consuming, the developed method bypasses the existing time estimation tools and provides the integrated and automated process with BIM and machine learning algorithms. Furthermore, this approach integrates 4D BIM applications into construction design procedures, connected with OA automation.

4D Schedule Optimization for Project Monitoring of Existing Educational Building

Project management is an important domain, especially in the allocation of resources and smooth operation with an assigned budget. To successfully complete a project, it is important to follow effective ways to use available tools, technique, and methods, considering present technology and management. Recently, Building Information Modelling is one of the techniques which creates, manage, or generate a model by taking physical and functional characteristics of building by using digital presentations. Term 4D modeling refers to fourth dimension that associates the 3D model of any construction project with the planned schedule and provides visualization of the actual sequence of construction activities. The study was carried out to understand the uses and benefits of BIM for better proper functioning of the project in accordance with the project schedule. The objective of the study is to minimise the challenge associated with traditional or conventional scheduling process of construction sequences and misunderstanding brought by the lack of visualization. To fulfill the objective of the study, the uses of different dimensions of Building Information Modelling (2D, 3D and 4D) for preconstruction and construction phase was identified. Then a prototype 4D Building Information Model was created and the BIM based schedule was integrated with it and studied. The software used for scheduling, 3D modelling and 4D simulation are Primavera, Autodesk Revit, and Autodesk Navisworks respectively.

Monitoring and Assessment of Indoor Environmental Conditions in Educational Building Using Building Information Modelling Methodology.

Managing indoor environmental quality (IEQ) is a challenge in educational buildings in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. Adequate indoor air quality is essential to ensure that indoor spaces are safe for students and teachers. In fact, poor IEQ can affect academic performance and student comfort. This study proposes a framework for integrating occupants' feedback into the building information modelling (BIM) methodology to assess indoor environmental conditions (thermal, acoustic and lighting) and the individual airborne virus transmission risk during teaching activities. The information contained in the parametric 3D BIM model and the algorithmic environment of Dynamo were used to develop the framework. The IEQ evaluation is based on sensor monitoring and a daily schedule, so the results show real problems of occupants' dissatisfaction. The output of the framework shows in which range the indoor environmental variables were (optimal, acceptable and unacceptable) and the probability of infection during each lecture class (whether or not 1% is exceeded). A case study was proposed to illustrate its application and validate it. The outcomes provide key information to support the decision-making process for managing IEQ and controlling individual airborne virus transmission risks. Long-term application could provide data that support the management of ventilation strategies and protocol redesign.

AUTOMATIC MODELLING OF PROPERTY OWNERSHIP IN BIM

Abstract. A 2D land administration system is insufficient for managing private properties and common property areas in a multi-story structure. Building information modelling (BIM) can be used to provide a clearer representation and more efficient management of the rights, restrictions, and responsibilities (RRR) inside buildings and address the challenges of 2D representations. However, a land surveyor should still draw the legal boundaries and group ownership spaces manually inside 3D BIM authoring tools. This research aims to provide an automatic approach to define three different types of legal boundaries and group the common properties and private properties within a building. This work contributes to the use and development of BIM by providing an automatic technique to creating property ownership, allowing for easier search and retrieval of 3D property information. More significantly, it can potentially minimize the time and cost of creating BIM-based 3D cadastral data for complex multi-story structures and improve the efficiency in urban land administration.

EFFECTIVE 5D BIM REQUIREMENTS FOR RISK MITIGATION DURING PRE-CONTRACT STAGE

The implementation of building information modelling (BIM) can be challenging without proper processes, procedures and standards. As the development of BIM progresses, there are concerns related to the five-dimensional (5D) BIM procedures in producing deliverables from the cost aspects of the project that adopts BIM technology. While the concerns may expose to amount of risks that can influence the project cost, this paper is determined to investigate the technical risks of 5D BIM practice and explore risk mitigation strategies for the construction project that adopts 5D BIM technology. Three main groups of technical risks were identified and reviewed, namely modelling issues, poor execution procedures and design change issues. The population of this paper consists of quantity surveyors and the respondents come from consultancy firms, contractors and developers. This paper also found twelve critical issues and challenges of 5D BIM implementation that had been analysed with the relative importance index (RII) analysis. Risk mitigation strategies are proposed to make a positive impact on the 5D BIM implementation, which consist of regular checks and balances, improve skills and knowledge through training and acquire suitable 5D BIM applications. The use of a BIM execution plan (BEP) and BIM protocol are also being discussed in this paper.