Stroke Engine Research Articles

Engine Performance and Emission Characteristics of Four-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine by Using Rice Bran Oil as Fuel

This project is presented in context of research project at GITAM University to understand and improve the performance of Diesel engine by using different Blends. Biodiesel was distinguished as a potential option to petrodiesel fuel since it has fuel properties as diesel. Utilization of consumable oils in biodiesel will creates foundations at raise of costs, yet couple of edible oils, for example rice bran oil have prohibitive heating conditions when contrasted with non-edible oil are accessible in a few nations such as soybean oil in USA. Inside this job, the performance examination of single chamber, 4-stroke, and water-cooled diesel engine was done utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester as biodiesel contrasting option to diesel fuel. Trial tests have been directed with scope of engine loads utilizing rice bran oil methyl ester (RBOME) and its diesel mixes with biodiesel in the proportion of B10, B20, B30 and B0 i.e., petrodiesel 100% by volume. In this exploration work, brake thermal efficiency (BTE), brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), brake specific energy consumption (BSEC) and exhaust gas temperature (EGT) are considered as engine execution attributes. The examination revealed that B20 mix of biodiesel has similar brake thermal efficiency as diesel. B20 has most minimal and has most astounding BSFC, BSEC after all the biodiesel mixes. B20R has shown practically identical execution as diesel and it can be considered as other option to diesel fuel.

Fabrication of Different Types of Cylinders for Four Stroke Engine

Fabrication of Different Types of Cylinders for Four Stroke Engine

An Investigational study on developement of 4-stroke ic engine to use acetylene as an alternative fuel-A REVIEW

An Investigational study on developement of 4-stroke ic engine to use acetylene as an alternative fuel-A REVIEW

Carbon Nanostructure of Diesel Soot Particles Emitted from 2 and 4 Stroke Marine Engines Burning Different Fuels.

Diesel soot particles were sampled from 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines that burned two different fuels (Bunker A and C, respectively), and the effects of the engine and fuel types on the structural characteristics of the soot particle were analyzed. The carbon nanostructures of the sampled particles were characterized using various techniques. The results showed that the soot sample collected from the 4-stroke engine, which burned Bunker C, has a higher degree of order of the carbon nanostructure than the sample collected from the 2-stroke engine, which burned Bunker A. Furthermore, the difference in the exhaust gas temperatures originating from the different engine and fuel types can affect the nanostructure of the soot emitted from marine diesel engines.

Potential of dual spray injectors for optimising the noise emission of gasoline partially premixed combustion in a 2-stroke HSDI CI engine

This paper evaluates the potential advantages of introducing a new injector concept with a dual set of orifices in a 2-stroke engine operating with gasoline partially premixed combustion (PPC gasoline), specially in terms of combustion noise reduction. The injector is based on a configuration with two concentric needle valves and dual actuators, which allows to switch among two independent crowns of holes. The first set of orifices is controlled by the primary needle valve while an additional needle valve manages the secondary holes crown. Moreover, both valves are coupled with the two actuators separately, providing enhanced selective control over injection with an extra degree of freedom. In this investigation, a combination of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations and the Design of Experiments (DoE) technique is proposed with the specific purpose of optimizing this new injector configuration. In addition to determining the most convenient design, this method is extremely useful to establish cause/effect relationships between the injection design parameters and their impact on the engine performance and emissions. Results show how this solution could increase the operating range of the PPC gasoline concept by improving the combustion stability while acoustic emissions are reduced.

The influence of the fuel spray nozzle geometry on the exhaust gas composition from the marine 4-stroke diesel engine

The paper presents experimental research on a 4-stroke, 3-cylinder, turbocharged AL25/30 Diesel engine. Research consisted in investigating the effect of the geometry of the fuel injectors on the exhaust gas composition from the engine. During measurements, the engine was operated with a regulator characteristic of a load range from 40 kW to 280 kW, made by electric water resistance. The engine was mechanically coupled to the electric power generator. Three observations were made for each engine load, operating with fuel injectors of varying geometry. All considered types of injectors were installed on all engine cylinders. Mentioned injectors differed in the size of the nozzle holes diameters, holes numbers and angles measured between the holes axis. Engine performance data were recorded with a sampling time of 1 s. Cylinder pressure and fuel injection pressure on the front of each injector were collected also. The composition of the exhaust gas was measured using an electrochemical analyzer. According to the results, the change of fuel nozzle geometry results in a change in fuel spraying and evaporation and consequently changes in the course of the combustion process. The effect of this is the change of the composition of the exhaust gas.

2 ストローク火花点火機関の DME-HCCI燃焼に及ぼす圧縮比の影響

2 ストローク火花点火機関の DME-HCCI燃焼に及ぼす圧縮比の影響

An assessment on the effects of 1-pentanol and 1-butanol as additives with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel

The aim of the present study is to investigate the effect of higher alcohols with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel on the diesel engine characteristics under various engine loads. Two higher alcohols have been identified for the present investigation namely 1-pentanol and 1-butanol and the six fuel samples have been prepared with Calophyllum Inophyllum biodiesel at 40%, 50% and 60% concentrations by volume. All the experiments are carried out in a single cylinder, four stroke and constant speed diesel engine and the experimental results are compared with conventional diesel and pure biodiesel fuels. The study revealed that the diesel engine operation with higher alcohol-biodiesel blends has shown lower brake thermal efficiency and higher brake specific fuel consumption. The reduction rate is higher with a higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blends. On the other hand, the cooling effect of higher alcohol in the blend reduces the NOx emission due to their higher latent heat of vaporization. Moreover, the CO, HC and smoke emissions are decreased for all higher alcohol-biodiesel blends. The combustion characteristics are followed similar pattern for all tested fuels and peak pressure is comparatively lower for higher concentration of alcohol in the fuel blend. Finally, it is revealed that 1-pentanol and 1-butanol can be successfully used as partial substitute to diesel or biodiesel fuel.

Experimental Investigation on Externally Scavenged S.I.Engine with Aluminium as Piston Material

The two stroke engine is relatively small and has higher Power to weight ratio, simplicity of operation and less cost. However these engines have high exhaust emission and low brake thermal efficiency due to short circuiting losses and incomplete combustion.To eliminate short circuiting losses,externally scavenged engine is developed in I.C.Engine laboratory.In this study, effects of externally scavenged system on performance and emissions of two stroke engine is investigated at different loads and speedsusing aluminium as piston material.Performance of externally scavenged engine is compared with crank-cased scavenged engine.Result show that brake power and brake thermal effeciency of externally scavenged engine is improved due to supply of leaner air-fuel mixture to the engine.The most oustanding result of using externally scavenged system is the significant reduction in the pollutions emitted from engine.

Characterization of Al2O3-SAE 15W40 engine oil nanolubricant and performance evaluation in 4-stroke diesel engine

This work aims to characterize Al2O3-SAE 15W40 engine oil nanolubricant and its performance evaluation in 4-stroke diesel engine. Field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) images of nanoparticle reveal the spherical morphology of nanoparticle and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic results show chemical stability of nanolubricants. Dynamic light scattering test display the presence of mild agglomeration of particles in nanolubricants, further FESEM images of dispersed nanoparticles re-confirms it. Density and viscosity of nanolubricants are measured with varying particle volume fraction and temperature. The overall performance of nanolubricant is tested on a 4-stroke diesel engine. The nanolubricant with 0.3% volume fraction of Al2O3 nanoparticles shows less frictional power loss and hence higher brake thermal efficiency as compared to other nanolubricants.

Implementation of Reverse Engineering for Crankshaft Manufacturing Industry

In this modern world, there are always pressure on the designers and the manufacturers to respond to the consumer needs. Engineering involves designing, manufacturing, constructing, and maintaining of products, systems, service and structures. In this paper, an attempt has been made to derive all the parameters, which are necessary for designing the components of an engine using reverse engineering. Even though lots of methods are available for redesigning, the reverse engineering is selected. Computer aided modeling using CATIA and optimization analysis of crankshaft is used to study was to evaluate and compare the fatigue performance of three different materials of automotive crankshafts, namely forged steel, ductile cast iron and aluminium alloy. In this study a dynamic simulation was conducted on three crankshafts, cast iron and aluminum alloy forged steel; from similar single cylinder four stroke engines. The dynamic analysis was done and was verified by simulations in ANSYS. Geometry, material and manufacturing processes were optimized considering different constraints, manufacturing feasibility and cost.The maximum stress point and dangerous areas are found by the deformation analysis of crankshaft. Possible weight reduction options and their combinations were considered. Thus durability of feasible material and analysis is carried after weight reduction carried to the feasible material. Thus more possibilities of feasible crankshaft are found out.

CFD analysis of scavenging process for dome headed piston in two-stroke cycle engine

Finite volume method (FVM) has been implemented to envisage the influence of crank angle on pressure variation, turbulent kinetic energy and velocity distribution in two stroke engine. A three dimensional Fluent-Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) tool of ANSYS 15.0 was used to reveal these variations for increasing volume scavenging efficiency. Crank angle was varied from 86.25° to 300° for predicting behavior of exhaust gases in scavenging process. Highest volume scavenging efficiency was measured at crank angle of 300°. The results showed that volume scavenging efficiency highly depend on crank angle which will directly affect combustion process. By doing so, one can able to modify the configuration of intake ports and have better exhaust gas-charge out of the cylinder and drawing in a fresh draught of air or fuel/air mixture for the next cycle.

Instantaneous flywheel torque of IC engine grey-box identification

In this paper a mathematical model developed for the identification of excitation torque acting on the IC engine flywheel is presented. The excitation torque gained through internal combustion of the fuel in the IC engine is transmitted from the flywheel to the transmission. The torque is not constant but variable and is a function of the crank angle. The verification of the mathematical model was done on a 4-cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine for which the in-cylinder pressure was measured in one cylinder and the instantaneous angular speed of the crankshaft at its free end. The research was conducted on a hydraulic engine brake. Inertial forces of all rotational parts, from flywheel to the turbine wheel of the engine brake, are acting on the flywheel due to the nonuniform motion of the flywheel. It is known from the theory of turbomachinery that the torque on the hydraulic brake is a quadratic function of angular speed. Due to that and the variable angular speed of the turbine wheel of the engine brake, the torque during one engine cycle is also variable. The motivation for this research was the idea (intention) to determine the instantaneous torque acting on the flywheel as a function of the crank angle with a mathematical model without any measuring and based on this to determine the quality of work of specific cylinders of the multi-cylinder engine. The crankshaft was considered elastic and also its torsional vibrations were taken into account.

Performance, combustion and emission characteristics of diesel engine fuelled with papaya and watermelon seed oil bio-diesel/diesel blends

In this paper, we have produced bio diesel from papaya and watermelon seed oil by trans-esterification process using methanol and KOH (catalyst) and a new biodiesel i.e. WP is produced which is a mixture of papaya seed oil biodiesel and watermelon seed oil biodiesel in 1:1 ratio is prepared. The blends (B0, B20, B30, B40, and B100) of WP with diesel and watermelon 100% and papaya 100% are used for further testing. The performance, combustion and emission test were conducted on single cylinder 4-stroke diesel engine using different blends of these biodiesels and the results showed that B20 is superior blend among other biodiesel blends. Further the performance and combustion characteristics of B20 is very close to diesel while the emission characteristics of B20 is better than that of diesel as the emission of CO, HC and smoke is 27.27%, 23.8%, 8.3% less for B20 than diesel respectively. Thus we concluded that B20 is the most suitable blend of WP for substitute of diesel which will reduce diesel consumption by 20%.

The Effects of Pressure Difference on Opposed Piston Two Stroke Diesel Engine Scavenging Process

Opposed Piston Two Stroke (OP2S) engines are widely used for its high power density and high thermal efficiency. For OP2S diesel engines, the scavenging process is accomplished by the pressure difference between intake chamber and exhaust chamber. 1-D model of OP2S diesel engine is built and the accuracy of the model is validated by tracer gas method. Based on the 1-D model, the influence of pressure difference to OP2S diesel engine scavenging process is studied. The results illustrated that: (1) in order to obtain higher pressure difference, the pressure in exhaust chamber should also be higher; (2) pressure difference has vital influence in gas exchange process. With the incensement of pressure difference, the delivery ratio increases but the trapping ratio decreases; (3) under the condition of the same pressure difference, the delivery ratio decreases and the trapping ratio increases in higher engine speed; (4) the scavenging efficiency range of OP2S diesel engine is 0.7-0.96.（5）the increment of pressure difference or back pressure is beneficial in improving engine thermal efficiency.

선박용 저속 2행정기관의 밀러사이클 효과의 향상

선박용 저속 2행정기관의 밀러사이클 효과의 향상

Simulation Model of a Dual-Fuel Four Stroke Engine for Low Emission Ship Propulsion Applications

The present study deals with the computational simulation of a marine four-stroke dual-fuel engine, working both in diesel and natural gas modes, with a particular focus on the turbocharger system behaviour. The engine model, developed by the authors, was implemented as a computer code and used to compare the performance of the engine when using the two different fuels. The variable geometry turbine operation has been studied and simulated in detail as well as the compressor matching. The paper points out the different implications of the turbocharger functioning due to the different features of the mix air-fuel introduced in the engine. The developed computer model has been validated with good results by comparisons with reference steady state engine data, provided by the manufacturer, referred to both design and off design situations. The good results obtained from these comparisons confirm the possibility of using the calculation procedure to optimize the control logic of both the engine and the variable geometry turbine, thus extending the application possibilities of the simulation model.

Saliency-Based Artistic Abstraction With Deep Learning and Regression Trees

Abstraction in art often reflects human perception—areas of an artwork that hold the observer’s gaze longest will generally be more detailed, while peripheral areas are abstracted, just as they are mentally abstracted by humans’ physiological visual process. The authors’ artistic abstraction tool, Salience Stylize, uses Deep Learning to predict the areas in an image that the observer’s gaze will be drawn to, which informs the system about which areas to keep the most detail in and which to abstract most. The planar abstraction is done by a Random Forest Regressor, splitting the image into large planes and adding more detailed planes as it progresses, just as an artist starts with tonally limited masses and iterates to add fine details, then completed with our stroke engine. The authors evaluated the aesthetic appeal and effectiveness of the detail placement in the artwork produced by Salience Stylize through two user studies with 30 subjects.

Evaluation of the effect of variable compression ratios performance on opposed piston 2-stroke engine

Numerous skills involving the introduction of (OP) opposed piston engine have been developed in the recent past. Indeed, novel techniques can help to improve the performance of the engine. The aim of this paper is to model and simulate a simple single-cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine and minimise fuel consumption and heat loss, using the software programme AVL BOOST™. AVL BOOST is an engine modelling software, which analyses the performance of a modelled single cylinder two-stroke opposed-piston engine by changing desired parameters. In order to meet this aim, experimental results from a unique engine are used to make a comparison with the results obtained from AVL BOOST model. Six combinations of compression ratios (12, 13.5, 15, 16.5, 18 and 19.5) are analysed in this study with the engine speed running at 420 rpm and 1500 rpm. In addition to the compression ratios, the effect of stroke-to-bore (S/B) ratios on OP2S performance is investigated. Various values of S/B ratios, whilst maintaining a constant swept volume, port geometry and combustion timing, and their effect on fuel consumption and heat loss are analysed in this study. A comparison between the two engine speeds with increasing combinations of compression ratios, and the S/B ratios revealed minimal differences in peak pressure, peak temperature, IMEP, ISFC, indicated efficiency and total heat loss. Detailed analyses of these parameters are highlighted in discrete sections of this paper.

Experimental Analysis of Biodiesel Produced From WCO with the Help of 4-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Assisted With Engine soft Software

Experimental Analysis of Biodiesel Produced From WCO with the Help of 4-Stroke Single Cylinder Diesel Engine Assisted With Engine soft Software