Hydroxy Phenyl Research Articles

Structural elucidation, spectroscopic, and metallochromic studies of 2-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-1-H–benzimidazole complexes: Metal ions sensing, DNA binding, and antimicrobial activity evaluation

Three novel chelates, [Ru(L)3]2H2O, C1, [NiL(H2O)3(AcO)]H2O, C2, and [CuL(H2O)(AcO)], C3, derived from 2-(2-hydroxy phenyl)-1-H –benzimidazole) HL, have been designed. The structures of the isolated compounds have been elucidated by elemental analysis, molar conductance, thermal analysis, spectral data (UV–Vis, mass spectra, IR, fluorescence), thermal analysis (TGA) and magnetic moment measurements. The IR spectral data ascertained that the HL compound acts as a monobasic bidentate ligand via the O and N atoms of the OH and C=N groups of the benzimidazole moiety, respectively. The spectral and magnetic measurements implied octahedral structures for C1 and C2 and square planar geometry for C3. The kinetic and thermodynamic parameters of the thermal decomposition stages have been evaluated. Molecular orbital calculations have been performed. The metallochromic behavior of the investigated free ligand was studied in the presence of Ru(III), Ni(II) and Cu(II) ions. The observed spectral changes indicated the ability of HL to act as potential optical sensor for probing these metal ions. Interaction of the investigated compounds with CT-DNA was studied via electronic absorption and emission spectroscopy, as well as ethidium bromide displacement. The results suggested that all compounds interact through intercalative mode. The binding behavior and binding constants have been evaluated and discussed. The CT-DNA-binding constants confirmed the strong intercalation between the investigated ligand and metal complexes with the CT-DNA, suggesting that the investigated compounds can be used as promising therapeutic drug. Finally, the antimicrobial activities of the metal complexes have been screened.

Crystal structure of the coordination polymer catena-poly[[bis-[hy-droxy(phen-yl)acetato-κ2 O 1,O 2]zinc(II)]-μ2-1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane-κ2 N:N'

In the title polymeric ZnII compound, [Zn(C8H7O3)2(C12H12N2)] n , the Zn cation is coordinated by two N atoms from 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane unit and four O atoms from two mandelate [or hy-droxy(phen-yl)acetate] anions in a slightly distorted octa-hedral coordination geometry. The 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane unit bridges two ZnII cations, related by an inversion centre, to form a polymeric chain along [110]. The crystal structure features extensive O-H⋯O and weak C-H ⋯O hydrogen bonds, with C-H ⋯ π inter-actions and π-π inter-actions also being present. The centroid-centroid distance between the phenyl ring of the mandelate group and the 1,2-bis-(pyridine-4-yl)ethane moiety is 4.951 (2) Å. The 1,2-bis-(pyridin-4-yl)ethane ligand is disordered over two positions, with a refined occupancy of 0.578 (14) for the major component.

Isomannide monoundecenoate‐based 1,2,3‐triazoles: Design, synthesis, and in vitro bioactive evaluation

AbstractA new series of isomannide monoundecenoate‐based 1,2,3‐triazole analogs 6a–e were designed by employing click chemistry in good yields. in vitro bioactive assay manifested that the several target compounds exhibited promising antibacterial and antifungal activities. Notably, compounds having phenyl substituted triazole 6a, and hydroxy phenyl substituted triazole 6b possessed highly selective promising inhibition towards Gram‐positive bacterial strains namely Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL. Further, these potential hybrids (6a and 6b) also exhibited highly impressive antifungal activity against the tested panel of Candida strains with MIC value of 3.9 μg/mL. Based on our in vitro preliminary antimicrobial study, these two compounds 6a and 6b have been identified as potential antimicrobial lead compounds. Moreover, all prepared derivatives were also evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxic activities against A549, MCF7, DU145 and HeLa cancer cell lines. The results indicated that only the hydroxy phenyl substituted triazole analog 6b displayed good cytotoxic activity towards all tested human cancer cell lines without any significant effects on normal cell line (HUVEC).

The electrochemical properties and PIM1 kinase enzyme inhibition of some 2-(hydroxy phenyl amino) naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives

Abstract In the present work, the electrochemical properties of some 2-(hydroxy phenyl amino) naphthalene-1,4-dione derivatives (HPAN-X), and the effects of π-stacking interactions on the mentioned properties were estimated using the quantum mechanical calculations. All substituents enhance the π-stacking interactions in the HPAN-X⋯C6H6 complexes, where changes are larger by electron-withdrawing groups. The π-stacking interactions often decrease the reduction potentials (E0red), the energy gap between natural frontier molecular orbitals LUMO and HOMO, and also decrease the electron affinities (EA), vertical (VEA), adiabatic (AEA), and zero point-corrected electron affinities (EAZPE) of compounds. The parameters of linear relationships between EA-AEA, EA-VEA, AEA-VEA, and EA-EAZPE pairs are also presented for compounds and complexes. Rational relationships are observed between the values of E0red and Hammett constants of substituents. The effects of π-stacking interactions on electrochemical properties are discussed on the base of results of the atoms in molecules (AIM) and natural bond orbital (NBO) analyses. In addition, the molecular docking were used to study the modes of interaction of the HPAN-X with PIM1 kinase active site. Using both softwares, the docking results present 2HPAN-NH2 as the best inhibitor, where the π- staking interaction with Phe187 amino acid residue substantially affects the ability of compound to inhibit the active site of PIM1 kinase.

Metabolic remodeling in EscherichiacoliMG1655. A prophage e14-encoded small RNA,co293, post-transcriptionally regulates transcription factors HcaR and FadR.

In previous studies, we have shown the existence of metabolic remodeling in glucose-grown EscherichiacoliMG1655 cells expressing the esterase Orf306 from the opd island of Sphingobiumfuliginis. We now show that Orf306-dependent metabolic remodeling is due to regulation of a novel small RNA (sRNA). Endogenous propionate, produced due to the esterase/lipase activity of Orf306, repressed expression of a novel E.colisRNA,co293. This sRNA post-transcriptionally regulates expression of the transcription factors HcaR and FadR either by inhibiting translation or by destabilizing their transcripts. Hence, repression of co293 expression elevates the levels of HcaR and FadR with consequent activation of alternative carbon catabolic pathways. HcaR activates the hca and MHP operons leading to upregulation of the phenyl propionate and hydroxy phenyl propionate (HPP) degradation pathways. Similarly, FadR stimulates the expression of the transcription factor IclR which negatively regulates the glyoxylate bypass pathway genes, aceBAK.

Selective Synthesis and Molecular Structure of Novel Aminooxyglycosyl Derivatives Bearing Hydroxyphenyl Moieties

AbstractWe present the selective synthesis of novel aminooxy glycosyl derivatives bearing hydroxy phenyl moieties. A strict control over the anomeric and E/Z configurations has been achieved. The products obtained are α‐glycosides and the aromatic moiety substitute the Schiff's base trans to the O‐glycosidic bond. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction and NMR spectral data are reported and analysed.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel 1,2,3-triazole hybrids of myrrhanone B isolated from Commiphora mukul gum resin: Identification of potent antiproliferative leads active against prostate cancer cells (PC-3)

A series of 28 novel 1,2,3-triazole hybrids of myrrhanone B have been designed and synthesized by employing regioselective Cu catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction in highly efficient manner. All the synthesized analogues were assessed for their antiproliferative potential against A549 (Lung), DU145 (Prostate), MDA-MB-231 (Breast), SiHa (Cervical), U87MG (Glioblastoma), PC-3 (Prostate), HT-29 (Colon), L132 (Normal lung) cell lines. Further, the synthesized hybrids have also been screened for anti-inflammatory activity (TNF-α and IL-1β) and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. The biological results revealed that compound 11 (meta hydroxy phenyl 1,2,3–triazole) and compound 29 (deoxyuridine 1,2,3–triazole) found to be the most potent antiproliferative ones against PC-3 cell line. Compound 11 (IC50: 6.57 ± 0.62 μM) showed six folds more potent than parent compound 1 (IC50: 40.67 ± 2.2 μM) and displayed almost identical inhibitory activity with standard doxorubicin (IC50: 5.05 ± 0.25 μM), whereas compound 29 (IC50: 10.85 ± 0.90 μM) exhibited four folds more potent than parent myrrhanone B (1). In view of potent activity of compounds 11 and 29 they have been subjected to detailed flowcytometry analysis. Compound 29 treated cells significantly increased the SubG1 population of cells indicative of apoptosis compared to compound 11. Further, the results of anti-inflammatory studies indicated that compounds 3, 6, 9, 27, 28, 29 and 30 exhibited significant inhibitory activity against both TNF-α and IL-1β than the parent compound 1. Interestingly, compound 27 exhibited good activity towards inflammatory cytokines TNF-α (IC50: 7.83 ± 0.95 μM). Interestingly, α-glucosidase inhibitory assay results revealed that compounds 14 (IC50: 2.77 ± 0.59 μM) and 16 (IC50: 4.12 ± 0.77 μM) as the most potent ones. In fact, compound 14 exhibited highest activity and found to be several times more potent than the parent compound 1 as well as standard acarbose (IC50: 2124 ± 170 μM).

Synthesis and devices characterization of pyrazolo[4,3-b] pyridine derivatives containing methoxy and hydroxy phenyl groups

Two pyrazolo[4,3-b] pyridine derivatives namely; 2,3-dihydro-6-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (L1) and 2,3-dihydro-6-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-methyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine-5-carbonitrile (L2) were prepared. The thermal analysis showed that the L1 is stable up to 266 °C, whereas L2 is stable up to 376 °C. The L1 and L2 powders were found to have polycrystalline structure in which their lattice parameters and Miller indices were determined. Thin films of L1 and L2 were deposited by thermal evaporation technique. The absorption spectra of the films were measured, from which the optical band gap of L1 and L2 films was estimated as 2.72 and 2.83 eV, respectively. Two devices based on the films of both materials, independently, were deposited onto p-Si single crystal substrates, were fabricated and showed rectification behavior. The current density–voltage (J–V) characteristics of both devices were analyzed in which the diode parameters were determined. The device based on L1 and L2 showed ideality factor of 2.73 and 3.5, respectively. Under illumination condition, the device based on L2 showed photovoltaic properties in which the open circuit voltage and short circuit current were measured as a function of light intensity.

Synthesis and Optoelectronic Characterization of Perylene Diimide-Quinoline Based Small Molecules

Perylene diimide (PDI) is one of the most studied functional dyes due to their structural versatility and fine tuning of the materials properties. Core substituted PDIs are prominent n-type semiconductor materials that could be used as non-fullerene acceptors in organic photovoltaics. Herein, we develop versatile organic building blocks based on PDI by decorating the PDI core with quinoline groups. Styryl and hydroxy phenyl mono and difunctionalized molecules were prepared using mono-nitro and dibromo bay substituted PDIs by Suzuki coupling with the respective boronic acid derivatives. A novel methodology using nitro-PDI under Suzuki coupling conditions as an electrophile partner was successfully tested. Furthermore, the PDI derivatives were used for the synthesis of soluble, electron accepting small molecules combining PDI with weak electron withdrawing quinoline derivatives. The new molecules presented wide absorbance in the visible spectrum from 450 to almost 700 nm while their LUMO levels and their energy levels are in the range of −3.8 to −4.2 eV.

Synthesis and Structure of 5-Aryl-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)methylene]-1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,3-diones

The reactions of tryptamine with aromatic aldehyde and methyl benzoylpyruvate at room temperature leads to the formation of 5-aryl-4-[hydroxy(phenyl)Methylene]-1-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]pyrrolidine-2,3-diones.

Silylation of epoxidized soybean oil with triethoxysilanes, synthesis and characterization of their polyurethanes

Silylation of epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO) was carried out by epoxy ring opening reaction of methoxy and ethoxy silane compounds. $^{1}$H NMR and FTIR spectra confirmed that two novel bio-based polyols, PSiTh and PSiAm, were obtained through the ring opening of epoxy by the mercapto and amino moieties of MPTMS and APTES, respectively. Polyurethanes of these polyols were prepared using 4,4'- methylene-bis(phenyl isocyanate) (MDI) to incorporate silanol groups into polymer network and were labeled as PUSiTh and PUSiAm, respectively. To see the impact of silanol and phosphorous groups on flame retardant properties, the chain extended polyurethanes, PUSiThCE and PUSiAmCE were also prepared with bisphenol-A bis (hydroxy phenyl phosphonate) (BABHPP). Polyurethanes bearing thio-ether bonds besides alkoxy silane groups were characterized using FTIR spectroscopy. Prepared foams exhibited significant thermal stability and flame retardant properties with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 22-24%. Chain extended polyurethanes had 11-13% higher LOI value than the corresponding non-chain extended polyurethanes.

Trapping and Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Characterization of the 5'dAdo• Radical in a Radical S-Adenosyl Methionine Enzyme Reaction with a Non-Native Substrate.

S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) is employed as a [4Fe-4S]-bound cofactor in the superfamily of radical SAM (rSAM) enzymes, in which one-electron reduction of the [4Fe-4S]-SAM moiety leads to homolytic cleavage of the S-adenosyl methionine to generate the 5′-deoxyadenosyl radical (5′dAdo•), a potent H-atom abstractor. HydG, a member of this rSAM family, uses the 5′dAdo• radical to lyse its substrate, tyrosine, producing CO and CN that bind to a unique Fe site of a second HydG Fe–S cluster, ultimately producing a mononuclear organometallic Fe-l-cysteine-(CO)2CN complex as an intermediate in the bioassembly of the catalytic H-cluster of [Fe–Fe] hydrogenase. Here we report the use of non-native tyrosine substrate analogues to further probe the initial radical chemistry of HydG. One such non-native substrate is 4-hydroxy phenyl propanoic acid (HPPA) which lacks the amino group of tyrosine, replacing the CαH-NH2 with a CH2 at the C2 position. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies show the generation of a strong and relatively stable radical in the HydG reaction with natural abundance and 13C2-HPPA, with appreciable spin density localized at C2. These results led us to try parallel experiments with the more oxidized non-native substrate coumaric acid, which has a C2=C3 alkene substitution relative to HPPA’s single bond. Interestingly, the HydG reaction with the cis-p-coumaric acid isomer led to the trapping of a new radical EPR signal, and EPR studies using cis-p-coumaric acid along with isotopically labeled SAM reveal that we have for the first time trapped and characterized the 5′dAdo• radical in an actual rSAM enzyme reaction, here by using this specific non-native substrate cis-p-coumaric acid. Density functional theory energetics calculations show that the cis-p-coumaric acid has approximately the same C–H bond dissociation free energy as 5′dAdo•, providing a possible explanation for our ability to trap an appreciable fraction of 5′dAdo• in this specific rSAM reaction. The radical’s EPR line shape and its changes with SAM isotopic substitution are nearly identical to those of a 5′dAdo• radical recently generated by cryophotolysis of a prereduced [4Fe-4S]-SAM center in another rSAM enzyme, pyruvate formate-lyase activating enzyme, further supporting our assignment that we have indeed trapped and characterized the 5′dAdo• radical in a radical SAM enzymatic reaction by appropriate tuning of the relative radical free energies via the judicious selection of a non-native substrate.

Inhibition of C-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats following treatment with N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide

Inhibition of C-Fos protein and mRNA expression in the brain of adjuvant-induced arthritic rats following treatment with N-(2-hydroxy phenyl) acetamide

Preparation and Spectral Characterization of Some Novel Heterocyclic ligands Derivative from 2,4,6-tri oxo tetra hydro pyrimidine and their complexes with Pd(II)

The Novel Heterocyclic ligands N-phenyl-4-{[(2,4,6-trioxotetrahydro pyrimidin-5(2H)ylidene)methyl]amino}benzene sulfonamide (L1) and 5-{[(3-hydroxy phenyl)amino]methylene}pyrimidine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trione (L2) were prepared to give the final poly dentate Heterocyclic with different donor atom system. All the synthesized ligands were characterized using 1H,13CNMR, Mass Spectra, C.H.N. microanalysis and studied by FTIR, UV.-Vis. techniques. with TLC technique for each steps of prepare reactions and melting points.New complexes of the general formulae [Pd (L1)2] and [Pd (L2)2], have been isolated. The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses, conductivity measurements, magnetic susceptibilities and spectroscopic (IR, 1H NMR and UV-Vis ) studies and melting points. All the data are discussed in terms of the nature of the bonding and the possible structural types. All preparation of complexes of Pd (II) ion were deduced according to the molar ratio (2:1) (L:M) depending on the Micro elemental Analysis (C.H.N.S). The Ligands behaves as a Didentate ligand in the monomeric complexes.According to the results obtained, Square Plainer structure suggested for the prepared complexes.

Electrocopolymerization, Characterization and Anticorrosive Properties of Nanostructure Poly (aniline-co-4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid)

In this study electrochemical deposition of nanostructure poly (aniline-co-4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) (PAHPA), polyaniline (PANI) and poly (4-hydroxy phenyl acetic acid) (PHPA) were carried out using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in aqueous solution of oxalic acid 0.3 M as reaction medium to achieve a protective coating for ferritic and economic 430SS in high corrosive solutions as 3.5% NaCl. In the electropolymerization of PAHPA, the monomer ratio was 1 : 1 (mol/mol). FT-IR and CV techniques were applied to characterize electrodeposited coatings. The morphological and structure analyses of the deposited films were done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Anticorrosive behaviors of coated steels were investigated by two techniques, potentiodynamic polarization and EIS (Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy) and were compared with protection efficiencies of PANI and PHPA. Our results showed that PAHPA coatings provided a noticeable better corrosion protection than homopolymers. The protection efficiency value for the PAHPA coated 430SS electrode was 97%, that it was higher than protection efficiencies of the hompolymers. Also effect of long immersion times on the protective films and their corrosion behaviors was studied. The PAHPA protection efficiency decreased about %3 when immersion time increased to 10 days. These results demonstrated the copolymer film can be highly corrosion resistant coating for 430SS in corrosive solutions that have chloride ions.

A novel oral micellar fenretinide formulation with enhanced bioavailability and antitumour activity against multiple tumours from cancer stem cells

BackgroundAn increasing number of anticancer agents has been proposed in recent years with the attempt to overcome treatment-resistant cancer cells and particularly cancer stem cells (CSC), the major culprits for tumour resistance and recurrence. However, a huge obstacle to treatment success is the ineffective delivery of drugs within the tumour environment due to limited solubility, short circulation time or inconsistent stability of compounds that, together with concomitant dose-limiting systemic toxicity, contribute to hamper the achievement of therapeutic drug concentrations. The synthetic retinoid Fenretinide (4-hydroxy (phenyl)retinamide; 4-HPR) formerly emerged as a promising anticancer agent based on pre-clinical and clinical studies. However, a major limitation of fenretinide is traditionally represented by its poor aqueous solubility/bioavailability due to its hydrophobic nature, that undermined the clinical success of previous clinical trials.MethodsHere, we developed a novel nano-micellar fenretinide formulation called bionanofenretinide (Bio-nFeR), based on drug encapsulation in an ion-pair stabilized lipid matrix, with the aim to raise fenretinide bioavailability and antitumour efficacy.ResultsBio-nFeR displayed marked antitumour activity against lung, colon and melanoma CSC both in vitro and in tumour xenografts, in absence of mice toxicity. Bio-nFeR is suitable for oral administration, reaching therapeutic concentrations within tumours and an unprecedented therapeutic activity in vivo as single agent.ConclusionAltogether, our results indicate Bio-nFeR as a novel anticancer agent with low toxicity and high activity against tumourigenic cells, potentially useful for the treatment of solid tumours of multiple origin.

Design, synthesis, and anti-gastric cancer activity of novel 2,5-diketopiperazine

Over the past decades, anti-cancer drugs consist of cytotoxic drugs have been interested and developed. Despite the great advances in chemotherapy, there is still no certain medical treatment for cancer. During this investigation, a novel 2,5-diketopiperazine derivative 3(R),6(S)-bis (4-hydroxy phenyl)-piperazine-2,5-dione: (BHPPD) was designed, synthesized, and evaluated. The effects on intestinal protease consist of conformation, activity, and cytotoxic effect on cancer cell lines by the various methods were assessed. The binding interaction between BHPPD with α-Chymotrypsin (α-Chy) has been described utilizing many spectroscopic and computational approaches. Intrinsic fluorescence analyses exhibited static quenching as the primary quenching mod in α-Chy–BHPPD interaction, which is further confirmed by UV–vis analyses. Likewise, binding and thermodynamic constants are estimated from temperature dependent fluorescence results. Furthermore, structural alterations of the enzyme upon binding with BHPPD were presented by circular dichroism (CD) analyses. The Molecular docking assessment presented the specific binding microenvironment of BHPPD in α-Chy. Besides with this research, molecular dynamics Simulation is performed to estimate the stability of α-Chy, α-Chy–BHPPD system. These results showed the vigorous binding affinity of the drug with intestinal protease. MTT analysis of BHPPD represented high cytotoxic effect against AGS cell line compared to normal cell line. Quantitative analysis shows that BHPPD treatment significantly increased the expression of caspase3, 9, and 8 genes and decreased GR expression in AGS cell line. Our team hopes that the results of this research will be useful for medical science and pharmacy.

Specific features of 3, 6-bis (4-hydroxy phenyl)-piperazine-2, 5-dione (BHPPD) diphenolic monomer and compered with toxic industrial bisphenol-A (BPA): DFT calculation

In this study calculations of IR spectra, Mullikan charge analysis, molecular structures, energy optimization, molecular masses, dipole moments, polarizations, atomic electronic charges, HOMO and LUMO energies, gap energies, hardness, softness, electron affinities, chemical potentials and investigate of electro static potentials have been performed. The density functional theory (DFT) within the B3LYP method and 6-31G/6-311G* basis sets on BPA and BHPPD were used. A comprehensive comparison between the two methods was presented. The computations demonstrate that the 3, 6-bis (4-hydroxy phenyl)- piperazine-2, 5-dione (BHPPD) monomer can be viewed as another biodegradable diol which might be utilized as substitutes for the mechanically utilized poisonous diphenols, for example, bisphenol-A (BPA). BHPPD can be utilized as a part of the outline of biodegradable materials as grocery contact surface veneer coatings for jars, metal containers capping, defensive veneers and completions, vehicle parts, glues, aviation applications and as a covering for PVC tubes. The examination amongst BPA and BHPPD demonstrated that the novel nonpoisonous integrated fragrant diol has better physicochemical and poisonous properties contrasted with that of BPA.

Facile and rapid synthesis of efficient epoxy-novolac acrylate / MWCNTs-APTES-ZnO hybrid coating films by UV irradiation: Thermo-mechanical, shape stability, swelling, hydrophobicity and antibacterial properties

The focus of this investigation is based on the absence of previous study on shape stability, swelling and hydrophobicity in polar and non-polar solvents and antibacterial properties of epoxy-novolac acrylate (ENA)/multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-3-aminopropyl triethoxysilane (APTES)-ZnO (ENA-MWCNT-A-ZnO) hybrid coating films. Hybrid coating films were prepared by mixing of ENA with photo-initiator (2-hydroxy 2-methyl phenyl propane 1-one), Trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes-APTES-ZnO (MWCNTs-A-ZnO) concentration (1 and 2 wt %). The hybrid films were characterized by electron microscopy to study surface and bulk morphologies. Spectroscopy studies were carried out to determine the effect of MWCNTs-A-ZnO incorporation on intermolecular interactions, degree of crystallinity and extent of crosslinking, respectively. The extent of MWCNTs-A-ZnO loading on the morphological structure, melt viscosity, glasstransition temperature, tensilestrength and antibacterial performance of the coating films was evaluated. The glass transition temperature, tensile strength and young's modulus of the ENA are significantly increased with increasing MWCNTs-A-ZnO concentration. Resilient shape stability was observed in water as well as in various organic solvents. The S. aureus bacteria shows higher degree of inhibition compared to E. coli inhibition zone and increasing of E. coli inhibition zone with increasing concentration of MWCNT-A-ZnO nanoparticles.

Differential growth, nutrition, physiology, and gene expression in Melissa officinalis mediated by zinc oxide and elemental selenium nanoparticles.

Regarding the rapid progress in the production and consumption of nanobased products, this research considered the behavior of Melissa officinalis toward zinc oxide nanoparticles (nZnO), nanoelemental selenium (nSe), and bulk counterparts. Seedlings were irrigated with nutrient solution containing different doses of nZnO (0, 100, and 300 mg l-1) and/or nSe (0, 10, and 50 mg l-1). The supplements made changes in growth and morphological indexes in both shoot and roots. The mixed treatments of nSe10 and nZnO led to a drastic increase in biomass, activation of lateral buds, and stimulations in the development of lateral roots. However, the nSe50 reduced plants' growth (45.5%) and caused severe toxicity which was basically lower than the bulk. Furthermore, the nSe and nZnO improved K, Fe, and Zn concentrations in leaves and roots, except for seedlings exposed to nSe50 or BSe50. Moreover, the nSe and nZnO supplementations in a dose-dependent manner caused changes in leaf non-protein thiols (mean = 77%), leaf ascorbate content (mean = 65%), and soluble phenols in roots (mean = 28%) and leaves (mean = 61%). In addition, exposure to nZnO and/or nSe drastically induced the expression of rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) and Hydroxy phenyl pyruvate reductase (HPPR) genes. Besides, the nSe, nZnO, or bulk counterparts influenced the activities of nitrate reductase in leaves and peroxidase in roots, depending on dose factor and compound form. The comparative physiological and molecular evidence on phytotoxicity and potential advantages of nSe, nZnO, and their bulk counterparts were served as a theoretical basis to be exploited in food, agricultural, and pharmaceutical industries.