3rd World Countries Research Articles

EDUCATION AND NIGERIAS QUEST FOR NATION-BUILDING AND DEVELOPMENT

This paper examined education and Nigerias quest for nation-building and development. The study highlighted that access to quality education is a great virtue of nation-building and development. It is assumed that nation-building and development are made possible through education. It is widely believed that education places a significant premium on thinking critically and ethically to contribute to national development and nation-building capability. The paper further identifies and places importance on the problems of nation-building and development in Nigeria and the better ways to change the narrative that hinders nation-building. The paper also explores, by way of explanation, how education could be used to serve as a pathway to nation-building. The methodology adopted was a contextual analysis that involved the review of materials from different publications, textbooks, and other relevant internet/online sources that were descriptively presented. The paper concluded that since education is regarded as a pathway to nation-building and development, governments at all levels should strive to work out and be committed to meeting the UNESCO International Benchmark on 20% annual budget for education from member nations, especially among 3rd World countries to be able to drive the vehicle of nation building and development to a promised land.

Jumat Khutbah As Community Education Strategy For Family Stability Among Muslim Adults In Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria

Today, family instability (separation or a divorce) is predominant among Muslims in Ibadan metropolis. This is evidenced by the rate of separation and divorce cases, involving Muslim families in social welfare offices and customary courts in the city. The consequences of such family instability are among the indicators that placed Nigeria among 3rd World countries. Jumat Khutbah is usually used as community education tool to send messages of peace in the Muslim communities. It against this background that this research foresees the need to investigate how Jumat Khutbah as community education strategy responds to the contemporary problem of family instability among the Muslims in Ibadan metropolis. Two hypotheses and one research question guided the study. Qualitative and quantitative instruments were used to collect information from forty-five Imams, chairmen and secretaries of mosques and three hundred worshipers that were systematically selected while listening to khutbah in the fifteen purposively selected mosques in Ibadan metropolis. Data collected on the hypotheses were analysed with correlation while the research question was answered with content analysis of the information collected through the KII. The results revealed that a significant relationship exists between khutbah presentation and family stability and that a significant relationship exists between listening to and acceptance of khutbah messages and reduction of family instability. The study therefore recommends that Leadership of muslim communities should continuously motivate jumat Imams to ensure that issue of family stability and management of family instability enjoy more time allocation in jumat khutbah more regularly and that rather than going to conventional or sharia court on resolution of family disputes, active process of intervention, reconciliation and rehabilitation should be put in place as directed by Quran 4:35 to manage family issues among members of the muslim communities.

Menstrual Hygiene Issues And Reproductive Tract Infections In Flood Affected Victims.

Menstruation, a physiological phenomenon, is still considered a stigmatized subject in 3rd world countries like Pakistan, leading to incorrect and incomplete knowledge, resulting in unhealthy practices (1). In lower socioeconomic classes, menstrual hygiene management(MHM) can be unhygienic and inconvenient for women (2). According to research in Karachi, at menarche, only 28.4 per cent of the general population had an idea of menses and proper placement of absorbent (1). Another study found a statistically significant association between reproductive morbidity and unhygienic menstrual practices (3). Unhygienic practices lead women to Reproductive tract infections, and many women have Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). According to research, 76.7 per cent of women who came to health clinics had Reproductive tract infections (RTIs), and 14.7 per cent had PID (4). Reproductive tact infections is also a significant reason for secondary infertility (5). In rural areas, women do not have access to and knowledge about sanitary products (6). Recently, floods have inundated one-third of Pakistan. As a result, 33 million people were displaced, and 660,000 people live in relief camps (7), of which 8 million women are of reproductive age. Along with all other issues, women are facing problems regarding menstrual hygiene. Some women in Baluchistan were reported to be using tree leaves instead of pads (7). According to a study by AKU, women in Dadu (an area affected by flood from 2019-2021) were not using sanitary products, instead repeatedly changing out of and washing their stained clothes(7) During the evacuation from flood-affected areas, menstrual products have been unavailable for extended use of soiled products or bloodstained clothing (8). These unhygienic practices will cause Reproductive tract infections in these women, which may complicate PID or even secondary infertility. Paying attention to this problem is the need of the hour. Destigmatizing menstruation, educating women and ensuring the availability of low-cost menstrual hygiene products should be prioritized. These interventions will lead to decreased number of urogenital infections. Along with providing MHM products, women should be educated about proper disposal & waste management. Incineration could be used for this. Plastic pads will cause more water pollution in the flood-affected areas, and cloth towels need to be washed with clean water, which is unavailable in those areas. So natural sanitary products from bamboo fibre, banana fibre or sea sponges can be used (4). Women should be educated about stitching pads from cheap absorbent clothes available locally. ---Continue

DEVELOPMENT OF E-LEARNING IN DEVELOPING WORLD COUNTRIES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE IN INDIA AND ITS FUTURE PERSPECTIVE

From ancient period India was famous for her universities and culture of different branches of arts-science- polity. Students from different countries visited India with aim for studying famous universities like Takshila, Nalanda, and Bikramshila so on. Not only India but also all over the globe education system was based on concepts of “Guru-Sisya”, “ Pir-Murid”, “ Master-Apprentice”, “Teacher-Student”. However, during late 20th and early 21st Century, human world witnessed remarkable advancement in information and communication technology sector. According to some scholars, this development can be seen as “3rd industrial revolution”. Education sector has been also affected and changed greatly by these advancements. E- learning/Distance learning is emerging trend of modern academia’s-leaning can be defined as “Learning experiences in both synchronous and asynchronous platforms with internet access”. In Western World this E- learning system and facilities are not too new. J.Stor. Pro-Quest, Google scholar, Project Guttenberg, Y- Tube, Slide-Share etc provide open/paid access scholarly journals, books, power point presentations for quite long periods. In India, Indian Govt and semi- Govt. institutions are trying to provide e-learning facilities to their students as per their economic-technical capabilities. It is my aim in this study to analyses development of e-learning system in 3rd world countries with special reference of India and its future perspectives.

Urban reflections through home gardening; Does Gender Matter?

In the current global pandemic, actions are taken to prevent Covid-19 spread, residents are embracing small-scale gardening activities in their homes; especially in low to middle income communities, 3rd world countries as in Africa, depending on individual activities.Despite that, there is a lack provided by literature review about home gardening, the paper then shifts to the exploration of the gender influence on home gardening, poses questions; how do gender roles influence home gardening habits, and how would such activities potentially benefit the gardeners, and are the benefits equally distributed or are they potentially skewed to one gender over the other?Using an imperical quantitative approach through a survey, the results imply hypotheses and test them using WarpPLS, to verify their validity.This paper highlight effects on the connection between gender, gardening activities, and their potential benefits. The findings can help urban authorities to create a fair and inclusive environment.

Female Primary School Teachers Problems in 21st Century: A Case of Southern Punjab

The 21st century revolutionized primary education across the globe in terms of universal primary education (UPE) and education for all (EFL), but in 3rd world countries, primary school teachers, especially female primary school teachers, are facing a lot of problems. The current study focused on the female primary school teachers' problems in the 21st century and set an objective of the study to find out the problems of female teachers working at primary schools. The sample of the study consists of female primary school teachers (270)through a simple random sampling technique. A questionnaire was used as a data collection tool, and statistical techniques of frequency and means scores were calculated. The study concluded that the administrative behavioral issues create problems for female primary school teachers as the rigid behavior of the head mistress and lack of discipline and management at primary schools. The study may recommend leadership and management trainings for headmistresses.

Renewable energy adoption in 3rd world countries

Renewable energy adoption in 3rd world countries

Understanding Gender Inclusion Using Environment and Gender Index: A Secondary Analysis Positioning India

Gender discrimination is already one of the major factors why India is still on the list of the 3rd World Countries, but when it comes to gender inclusion in the environmental arena, this umbrella concept is relatively unheard of by our countrymen. The main objective was to assess gender equality for the environment through calculating Environment and Gender Index on a country level, India, in this case. 22 states out of 29 were considered for calculation. Linear Regression is executed through SPSS, and simple graphs and tables are prepared through MS-EXCEL for analysis. India portrays good governance, reporting activities well to the UN, but the performance is comparatively weak in terms of basic livelihood and gender equality.

Impacts and Possible Responses Related to COVID-19 in the Textile and Apparel Industry of Bangladesh

This research work was intended to analyze the unleashed issues related to apparel trade during COVID-19 pandemic & made an attempt to find the best possible responses to uphold marketing campaigns during & after the pandemic situation. Apparel industries in Asia, the largest global hub of both the textile & apparel import-export trade have been severally damaged by the COVID-19. Over the last one year, the global community had already realized the fact that how pandemic situation disrupted the supply chain management of textile, apparel & fashion manufacturing industries throughout the world. Bangladesh, one of the top ranked garments exporter countries have been facing the burning bridges, due to the scarcity of raw materials & gradual cancellation export orders. The contribution of the apparel industry is more significant for the socioeconomic growth of a 3rd world countries like Bangladesh, just because apparel contributes almost 84% of its total export income with the involvement of 4.5 million people approximately. The following research paper conveys a three-fold story. In the very beginning portion, there are some reviews & analysis of the overall scenarios of the COVID-19 pandemic with presence of several business reports, academic journals, market research, manufacture's opinions & stakeholders' strategies. The second phase of the research work forecasts the possible responses need to be projected during & after the pandemic situation. Finally, this study predicts an ideal footprint to cope up with similar sort of situations in the future.

Metastatic gastrointestinal stromal tumours-a rarest of rare presentation: a case report

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) is the most common mesenchymal tumour of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). GISTs can occur anywhere along the GIT, more so commonly in the stomach and small intestine. They can manifest as an emergency such as obstruction, perforation of a hollow viscous or as a haemorrhage. The metastatic stage was usually detected after the histopathologic report. We report on a 29-year female para 1 live 1 (P1L1) admitted at the institute of obstetrics and gynaecology (IOG) Egmore, Chennai, as a case of right torsion ovary. The patient was taken for an emergency laparotomy. Ovaries are found to be normal and so the surgical team was called in. Per-operative diagnosis of ileo-ileal intussusception was made, followed by resection and anastomosis. Biopsy report of the specimen showed a GIST, arising from the small intestine causing the intussusception. Further follow-up of the patient with CECT abdomen showed hepatic metastasis in segments 4a and 7. GISTs tumours data on worldwide frequency is limited, especially in the 3rd world countries. Adding to the limited data GISTs present themselves in protean ways. It is then necessary to understand not only the presentation but also the complications. Multimodality approach involving early screening, dissemination of knowledge regarding various types of presentation and the tools to manage such complications, early involvement of medical gastroenterology and medical oncology along with patient education will go a long way in the management of these difficult tumours.

Urban Soils and Road Dust—Civilization Effects and Metal Pollution—A Review

Urban soils have been changed much by human impacts in terms of structure, composition and use. This review paper gives a general introduction into changes from compaction, mixing, water retention, nutrient inputs, sealing, gardening, and pollution. Because pollutions in particular have caused concerns in the past, metal pollutions and platinum group metal inputs have been treated in more detail. Though it is not possible to cover the entire literature done on this field, it has been tried to give examples from all continents, regarding geochemical background levels. Urban metal soil pollution depends on the age of the settlement, current emissions from traffic and industry, and washout. It seems that in regions of high precipitation, pollutants are swept away to the watershed, leaving the soils less polluted than in Europe. Health hazards, however, are caused by ingestion and inhalation, which are higher in 3rd world countries, and not by concentrations met in urban soils as such; these are not treated within this paper in detail. With respect to pollutants, this paper is focused on metals. Contrary to many reviews of the past, which mix all data into one column, like sampling depth, sieved grain sizes, digestion and determination methods, these have been considered, because this might lead to considerable interpretation changes. Because many datasets are not Gaussian distributed, medians and concentration ranges are given, wherever possible. Urban dust contains about two to three fold the hazardous metal concentrations met in urban soils. Some data about metal mobilities obtained from selective and sequential leaching procedures, are also added. Soil compaction, pollution, sealings and run-offs cause stress situations for green plants growing at roadside locations, which is discussed in the Section 5. Environmental protection measures have led to decrease metal pollutions within the last decade in many places.

Comparison of Sequence Specific Primers in the Next Generation Sequencing in Human Leukocyte Antigen Typing for Transplant Recipients.

To compare two human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing methods, namely sequence specific primers (SSP) and next generation sequencing (NGS) for alleles concordance Study Design: Descriptive study. Immunology department, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Rawalpindi, Pakistan, from December 2019 to May 2020. A total of 48 subjects, including 30 males and 18 females, were typed by NGS at 7 loci, making a total of 672 types loci. SSP typing was done for 276 loci among these. Comparison was made at SSP level of low resolution. NGS typing was done with Illumina's MiSeq instrument using Omixon HLA holotype 7 loci kit and analysis done with HLA twin software. SSP typing was done with micro SSP kit from onelambda. Statistical analysis was done using statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 24.0. Among the 672 NGS types loci and 276 SSP types loci, there were mismatches at one B locus and one C locus, whereby NGS computed HLA-B*58:01 and HLA-C*12:02 while SSP detected HLA-B*57 and HLA-C*05, respectively. At remaining 274 loci, HLA typing fully matched at low resolution, making concordance rate 99.3%. Commonest alleles detected by NGS were HLA-A*02:01, B*51:01, C*07:02, DPB1*04:01, DQA1*01:03, DQB1*02:01 and DRB1*13:01. Batch testing, high throughput, improved accuracy, more loci coverage, maximum gene coverage including all exons and introns and high-resolution typing confer significant advantages to next generation sequencing over old methods of HLA typing. This technique is suitable for high throughput laboratories. High running cost hampers its routine implementation in 3rd world countries. Key Words: Human leukocyte antigen, Next generation sequencing, High resolution.

REVIEW COLLAPSE MECHANISMS CAUSING DAMAGE FROM CONTROLLED AND UNCONTROLLED DEMOLITIONS

To design for blast, ballistic or seismic loadings an engineer needs to know the collapse mechanisms of all forms of typical building systems whether residential or commercial in order to have the technical capacity to design against such loadings. Once the engineer becomes aware of the collapse mechanisms that are likely to cause damage through blast loadings that will be applied to a structure by a controlled demolition or an uncontrolled demolition (terrorist attack), a position is reached whereby the design process can commence to not only accommodate the overpressures but also, through design, inhibit or delay collapse so those caught within the building can escape to safety before total collapse occurs. In most such cases death or injury occurs primarily because of the collapse of structures and not because of blast, ballistic or seismic loadings applied to it. In most building systems there are structural entities that are present for specific structural reasons but nevertheless are problematic in that they can inhibit progressive collapse. These problematic structural entities need to be understood in detail and addressed both in controlled and uncontrolled demolitions to be able to achieve a progressive collapse. 3rd world countries see most buildings damaged by the blast, ballistic and seismic loadings as design standards either don’t exist or are not policed by local government instrumentalities thus leading to excessive damage, death or injury.

GIS-Based Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis for the Sustainable Management of the Nkong Zem Pipe-Borne Water Network: West Region of Cameroon

Access to potable water is a serious problem that plagues most communities in 3rd World countries. Governments to this effect have developed texts governing the water sector that often encourage local participation. Thus, in pursuance of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set up after 2015 following the failure to achieve the MDGs by the UN, many countries still do not attain the set objectives today. GICABAF (A Common Initiative Group) in 2012 financed the installation of pipe-borne water network in Sa’ah Batsengl’a locality in Nkong Zem Council of West Cameroon. But the problem observed in its management is that no database was put in place to ease its management which cannot guarantee sustainability. This study proposes a computerised database to manage the water network. To conduct this study, a six months internship was carried out with GICAPBAF where GPS was used to track all the pipes and locate other phenomena. Then a set questionnaire was administered to subscribers and managers in order to understand the functioning of the network so as to propose the GIS-AWS. These data collected were then treated and analysed in a GIS software (MapInfo). The generated database was then coupled to a flow simulation model in a distribution network (Epanet) which gave rise to GIS-Epanet. This was realised through the use of plugin GHydraulics of QGis and the MapBasic language of MapInfo. This will enable present and future managers of the project to master the network thereby facilitating the detection of any malfunctioning for prompt reaction. This simply summarises the putting in place of GIS Applied to Water Supply (GIS-AWS).

The Creation of Sustainable Neighborhoods Using Smart-Streetscape Elements (SSSE)

Streetscapes elements describe the area where public and private interests and combined to identity the district, they includes several elements, such as bike lanes, bus stops, carriage walks, parking lanes, sidewalks, street furniture, etc. They are contributors to the physical quality of urban settlements. Recently, sustainable streetscape design contributors toward increasing the property values, offering a job opportunities, creating attractive places, improving public health, improves the human quality of life etc. This research intend to enhance create sustainable urban settlement by integrating renewable energy (RE) with streetscape elements. This will help the neighborhoods in the 3rd world countries to face the shortage in their power supply and each urban settlement will generates its own power using ― Smart-Streetscape elements‖ (SSSE). The objective of this research is to identify the type and location of SSSE that can be used in any street projects. The research will identify SSSE and present its properties. Moreover, the research will apply it in a case study in order to help in developing in new Aswan city.

Argument for the Creation of Freestanding Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 3rd World Countries

Argument for the Creation of Freestanding Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 3rd World Countries

Argument for the Creation of Freestanding Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 3rd World Countries

Argument for the Creation of Freestanding Bachelor of Surgery Degree in 3rd World Countries

Web Exclusives. Annals Consult Guys - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: When to Screen? When to Follow?

Web Exclusives19 September 2017Annals Consult Guys - Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm: When to Screen? When to Follow?FREEGeno J. Merli, MD and Howard H. Weitz, MDGeno J. Merli, MDSearch for more papers by this author and Howard H. Weitz, MDSearch for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/W17-0009 SectionsSupplemental MaterialAboutVisual Abstract ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Annals Consult Guys brings a new perspective to the art and science of medicine with lively discussion and analysis of real-world cases and situations. They address medically relevant topics—whether they be poignant, thought-provoking, or just plain entertaining.For more videos from and information on Annals Consult Guys, visit go.annals.org/ConsultGuys. Comments0 CommentsSign In to Submit A Comment Linda BickAPC18 November 2019 Good This was very concise and well presented. Royce Morrison MDconsultant in clinical trial safety27 April 2020 Re-image before travel? Dear Guys, Aware that older patients - i.e., the population with more prevalence of AAA under surveillance - enjoy post-children and post-retirement travel, does that affect your recommendations for follow-up imaging of AAA? Would plans to extended travel in 2nd or 3rd world countries motivate rechecking that 3.8 cm AAA sooner than 2-3 years after the last imaging test? Would insurance carriers pay for that? Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Disclosures: Geno J. Merli, MD, reports the following: Research grants/contracts: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen, Portola; Consultancies: Bristol-Myers Squibb, Janssen. Howard H. Weitz, MD, reports that he has no financial relationships or interests to disclose. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 19 September 2017Volume 167, Issue 6Page: CG1KeywordsAbdominal aortic aneurysmDisclosureResearch grantsResearch reporting guidelines ePublished: 19 September 2017 Issue Published: 19 September 2017 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 2017 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.Loading ...

Energy-scape elements: An approach on integrating landscape elements with renewable energy devices

Today Landscape elements have been recognized as contributors to the physical quality of urban environments. More recently, they are considered as valuable contributors in increasing the property values, creating a place attractiveness, offering job opportunities, giving sense of social belonging, improving the public health, creating sustainable urban environment and improving the overall quality of life. The present research aims to use landscape elements in enhancing the urban environments by integrating these elements with renewable energy devices and creating Energy-scape elements. The research explores the impact of Energy-scape elements upon time, area, money and power produced by conducting two marketing survey cover the properties of landscape elements and renewable energy devices. This paper shows that landscape elements can be integrated with renewable energy devices and create Energy-scape elements, it also identifies Energy-scape elements and present its properties and measure its efficiency by applying it on a case study. A comparison between energy consumption before using Energy-scape elements and after using Energy-scape elements will also be presented. Energy-scape elements will help in reducing the growth of the global environmental problems such as ozone depletion and climate change and will help the 3rd world countries to develop since that the energy is the skeleton of any development. The objective of this research is to help landscape designers to understand the benefits of Energy-scape elements and to identify the type and location of Energy-scape system that can be used in their projects. The outcome is divided into two parts; theoretical outcome and empirical outcome. The theoretical outcome presents a database for the properties of Energy-scape elements that occurs from integrating landscape elements with different renewable energy sources. While, the empirical outcome presents a pilot project using Energy-scape elements and presents comparison between energy consumption before and after using Energy-scape elements.

Sömürgeciliksonrası dönem romanlarında yabancılaşma unsurunun temsili: Salman Rushdie'nin Utanç ve Janet Frame'in bir başka yaza doğru romanları

Colonialism, which is the settlement movements and implementation of the political and economic exploitation ideology of the Western and Northern 1st World countries that were thought to be more powerful than the Eastern and Southern 3rd World countries, started in the ancient times and went on until the mid-20th century. As a result of the decoloniztion movements, beginning after World War II and with India in 1947, colonized countries historically started to be denominated as post-colonial. While the term post-colonial refers to the time after decolonization, the term postcolonial, without hyphen, refers to the cultural consequences or conditions of post-colonial period. During the decolonization process, the postcolonial individual felt the loss of the sense of belonging, marginalization, and alienation. Postcolonial literature, reecting these senses felt by the postcolonial individual, questions the colonial process and challenge the colonial discourse. In this study, Pakistan and New Zealand, gaining their independence in 1947, are studied as post-colonial countries, and the sense of alienation of post-colonial Pakistani and New Zealander individuals, who are either in their home countries or in the host countries to which they emigrated, is depicted mostly with its negative connotations. The alienation which is felt by Rushdie's Pakistani and Frame's New Zealander narrators in his Shame and in her Towards Another Summer is also felt by the other characters in the novels. In this sense, the aim of this study is to delineate, also by mentioning the positive meaning of alienation, that in a postcolonial literature a postcolonial individual is depicted as the one feeling alienated mostly in its negative context although alienation, as a notion, has both positive and negative meanings.